Drug Study

C. Drug Study

Generic Name: betamethasone dipropionate Brand Name: Diprolene; Diprolene AF

Route of Administration: topical Dosage/Available Stock:

Dug Name Mechanism of Action

Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

betamethasone dipropionate

Drug Classification:

>Corticosteroid (long acting)>Glucocorticoid>Hormone

Dosage:

Betamethasone is a synthetic (man-made) corticosteroid that is used topically (on the skin). Betamethasone mimics the action of cortisol (hydrocortisone), the naturally-occurring steroid produced in the body by the adrenal glands. Corticosteroids have potent anti-inflammatory actions and also suppress the immune response.

Hypercalcemia associated with cancer

Short-term management of inflammatory and allergic disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, collagen diseases (eg, SLE), dermatologic diseases (eg, pemphigus), status asthmaticus, and autoimmune disorders

Hematologic disorders: Thrombocytope

Hypersensitivity; systemic fungal or acute infections.

>Acne

>cracking and stinging of the skin;

>dryness;

>excessive hair growth;

>inflamed hair follicles;

>itching; skin irritation.

Give daily dose before 9 AM to mimic normal peak corticosteroid blood levels.

Increase dosage when patient is subject to stress.

Taper doses when discontinuing high-dose or long-term therapy.

Do not give live virus vaccines with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids

Do not stop taking the oral drug without consulting your health care provider.

Avoid exposure to infections; ability to fight infections is reduced.

nia purpura, erythroblastopenia

Ulcerative colitis, acute exacerbations of MS, and palliation in some leukemias and lymphomas

Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement

Wear a medical alert tag so emergency care providers will know that you are on this medication.

You may experience these side effects: Increase in appetite, weight gain (counting calories may help);heartburn, indigestion (eat frequent small meals; take antacids); poor wound healing (consult with your care provider); muscle weakness, fatigue (frequent rest periods will help).

Report unusual weight gain, swelling of the extremities, muscle weakness, black or tarry stools, fever, prolonged sore throat, colds or other infections, worsening of original disorder.

Generic Name: Cefixime Brand Name: Suprax

Route of Administration: PO Dosage/Available Stock: Oral suspension 100 mg per 5 mL Oral suspension 200 mg per 5 mL

Dug Name Mechanism of Action

Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Cefixime

> Suprax

Drug Classification:

Antibiotic, Cephalosporin

Dosage:

Cefixime is a semi-synthetic (partially man-made), oral antibiotic in the cephalosporin family of antibiotics. The cephalosporin family includes cephalexin (Keflex), cefaclor (Ceclor),cefuroxime (Zinacef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefprozil (Cefzil), and many injectable forms. Like other cephalosporins, cefixime stops bacteria from multiplying by preventing bacteria from forming the walls that surround

Bronchitis,

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,

Gonorrhoea,

Otitis media,

Pharyngitis,

Pneumonia,

Respiratory tract infections,

Uncomplicated UTIs,

contraindicated in patients with known allergies to the cephalosporin or penicillin antibiotics

CNS: Dizziness, headache, seizure (less than 2%).

Dermatologic: Erythema multiforme, facial edema, pruritus, skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, urticaria (less than 2%).

GI: Diarrhea (16%); nausea (7%); loose or frequent stools (6%); flatulence (4%); abdominal pain, dyspepsia (3%); vomiting (less than 2%); pseudomembranous colitis.

Caution should be exercised in patients with history of diarrhea, stomach or bowel problems (eg, inflammation), bleeding or blood clotting problems, kidney or liver problems, poor nutrition, any allergy, who are taking other medications, children, during pregnancy and breast feeding.

It may cause dizziness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.

Avoid alcohol consumption

Avoid changing dose forms (eg, tablets, suspension) without your doctor’s advice.

Take full course of

them. The walls are necessary to protect bacteria from their environment and to keep the contents of the bacterial cell together; bacteria cannot survive without a cell wall. Cefixime is active against a very wide spectrum of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (the cause of strep throat), Hemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, Shigella, andNeisseria gonorrhoeae.

Genitourinary: Acute renal failure, candidiasis, genital pruritus, transient elevations in BUN or creatinine, vaginitis (less than 2%).

treatment Review dosing schedule

and prescribed length of therapy with patient.

Instruct patient or caregiver to shake well before measuring dose, and to measure and administer prescribed dose using dosing spoon, dosing syringe, or medicine cup.

Advise patient to take without regard to meals but to take with food if GI upset occurs.

Advise patient to discontinue therapy and contact health care provider immediately if skin rash, hives, itching, or shortness of breath occur.

Advise patient to report the following signs of superinfection to health care provider: black “furry” tongue, foul-smelling stools, vaginal itching or discharge, white patches in mouth

Generic Name: Ferrous Sulfate Brand Name: Feosol, Fer Iron, Fer-Gen-Sol, Fer-in-Sol, Fer-Iron

Dosage:400-600 mg/day in divided doses Route of Administration: PO

Dug Name Mechanism of Action

Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Ferrous Sulfate

>Feosol, Fer Iron, Fer-Gen-Sol, Fer-in-Sol, Fer-Iron

Drug Classification:

Iron Preparation

Dosage:

Elevates the serum iron concentration which then helps to form High or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventual conversion to a usable form of iron.

Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemias

Dietary supplement for iron.

Hypersensitivity

Severe hypotension.

>Dizziness

>N & V

> Nasal Congestion

> Dyspnea

> Hypotension

> CHF

> MI

> Muscle cramps

> Flushing

Expect stools to darken in color.

If gastrointestinal discomfort occurs, take after meals or with food

Do not take within 2 hours of antacids because it rpevents absorption

Decreased iron absorption with antacids, colestyramine, trientine, proton pump inhibitors.

Decreased absorption of both iron and tetracycline when admin together. Delayed response to iron in patients on systemicchloramphenicol

Reduced efficacy of levothyroxine with iron.

Decreased absorption of cefdinir, bisphosphonates, entacapone, flouroquinolones, levodopa, methyldopa and penicillamine

Generic Name: Lactulose Brand Name: Enulose, Generlac, KristaloseRoute of Administration: PO Dosage/Available Stock: PO 15 to 30 mL (10 to 20 g lactulose) daily may increase

to 60 mL/day.

Dug Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Lactulose

Drug Classification:

Hyperosmotic agent

Dosage:

Lactulose is a type of sugar. It is broken down in the large intestine into mild acids that draw water into the colon, which helps soften the stools.

Treatment of constipation; prevention and treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy, including stages of hepatic precoma and coma.

Use in patients who require low-galactose diet.

>Gaseous distention with flatulence or belching, >abdominal discomfort >cramping; >diarrhea; >nausea; >vomiting

Evaluate therapeutic response: decreased constipation or blood ammonia level.

Assess amount, colour and consistency of stool

Take as directed, alone, or diluted with water, juice or milk, or take with food.

Laxative results may not occur for 24-48 hours; do not take more often than recommended or for a longer time than

recommended. Do not use any

other laxatives while taking lactulose.

Increased fiber, fluids, and exercise may help reduce constipation.

Do not use if experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting.

Diarrhea may indicate overdose.

May cause flatulence, belching, or abdominal cramping

Report persistent or severe diarrhea or abdominal cramping

Generic Name: Mupirocin Brand Name: Bactroban

Route of Administration: topical Dosage/Available Stock: three times daily.

Dug Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Mupirocin

>Bactroban

Drug Classification:

Antibacterial

Dosage:

It kills sensitive bacteria by stopping the production of essential proteins needed by the bacteria to survive.

Treating impetigo, a type of skin infection. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

allergic to any ingredient in Mupirocin Ointment

>Burning

>pain

>stinging

>Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching;

>difficulty breathing;

>ightness in the chest;

>swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); severe irritation;

>severe itching

Mupirocin Ointment is for external use only. Do not get it in your eyes or mouth.

Use Mupirocin Ointment with caution on skin with open wounds.

Be sure to use Mupirocin Ointment for the full course of treatment.

Long-term or repeated use of Mupirocin Ointment may cause a second infection.

Apply a small amount of

Mupirocin Ointment 3 times a day.

Wash and completely dry the affected area. Gently rub the medicine in until it is evenly distributed.

The affected area may be covered with gauze or a bandage.

To clear up your infection completely, use Mupirocin Ointment for the full course of treatment. Keep using it even if you feel better in a few days.

Wash your hands immediately after using Mupirocin Ointment.

Generic Name: Nystatin Brand Name: Mycostatin, Nilstat

Route of Administration: Oral, oral suspensions,vaginal,topical

Dosage/Available Stock: Tablets—500,000 units; oral suspension—100,000 units/mL; troche—200,000 units; vaginal tablets—100,000 units;

topical cream, ointment, powder—100,000 units/g

Dug Name Mechanism of Action

Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Nystatin

>Mycostatin, >Nilstat

Drug Classification:

Antifungal

Dosage:

Fungicidal and fungistatic: Binds to sterols in the cell membrane of the fungus with a resultant change in membrane permeability, allowing leakage of intracellular components and causing cell death.

Oral: Treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Oral suspension, troche: Treatment of oral candidiasis

Vaginal: Local treatment of vaginal candidiasis (moniliasis)

Topical applications: Treatment of cutaneous or mucocutaneous mycotic infections

Contraindicated with allergy to nystatin or components used in preparation.

Use cautiously with pregnancy, lactation.

>GI: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, GI distressVaginal

>Local: Irritation, vulvovaginal burning

>Local: Local irritation (topical)

Culture fungus before therapy.

Have patient retain oral suspension in mouth as long as possible before swallowing. Paint suspension on each side of the mouth. Continue local treatment for at least 48 hr after clinical improvement is noted.

Prepare nystatin in the form of frozen flavored popsicles to improve oral retention of the drug for local application.

Administer nystatin troche orally for the treatment of oral candidiasis; have patient dissolve 1–2 tablets in mouth.

caused by Candida albicans and other Candida species

Insert vaginal suppositories high into the vagina. Have patient remain recumbent for 10–15 min after insertion. Provide sanitary napkin to protect clothing from stains.

Cleanse affected area before topical application unless otherwise indicated.

Monitor response to drug therapy. If no response is noted, arrange for further cultures to determine causative organism.

Ensure that patient receives the full course of therapy to eradicate the fungus and to prevent recurrence.

Discontinue topical or vaginal administration if rash or sensitivity occurs.

Take the full course of drug therapy even if symptoms improve. Continue during menstrual period if vaginal route is being used. Long-term use of the drug may be needed; beneficial effects may not be seen for several weeks.

Use appropriate hygiene measures to

prevent reinfection or spread of infection.

This drug is for the fungus being treated; do not self-medicate other problems.

Refrain from sexual intercourse or advise partner to use a condom to avoid reinfection; use a sanitary napkin to prevent staining of clothing with vaginal use.

You may experience these side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (oral use); irritation, burning, stinging (local use).

Report worsening of condition; local irritation, burning (topical application); rash, irritation, pelvic pain (vaginal use); nausea, GI distress (oral administration

Generic Name: Omeprazole Brand Name: Prilosec, Zegerid

Route of Administration: Oral Dosage/Available Stock: Capsules: 10, 20 and 40 mg. Tablets: 20 mg (Prilosec OTC). Powder for oral suspension: 20 and 40 mg

Dug Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Omeprazole

>Prilosec>Zegerid

Drug Classification:

Proton Pump inhibitorsGastric acid pump inhibitor

antiulcer agen

Dosage:

Blocks the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid. By blocking the enzyme, the production of acid is decreased, and this allows the stomach and esophagus to heal.

Treatment of duodenal ulcers

Prevention of relapse of duodenal ulcers

Treatment of gastric ulcers

Prevention of relapse of gastric ulcers

Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole

>headache

>abdominal pain

>nausea

>diarrhea

>rash

>dizziness

>severe skin rash

Give omeprazole before meals, preferablyin the morning for once-daily dosing. Ifneeded, also give an antacid, as prescribed.

If needed, open capsule and sprinkleenteric-coated granules on applesauce oryogurt or mix with water or acidic fruitjuice, such as apple or cranberry juice.Give immediately.

To give drug via NG tube, mix

granules inacidic juice because enteric coating dissolvesin alkaline pH.

Because drug can interfere with absorptionof vitamin B12, monitor patient formacrocytic anemia.

Be aware that long-term use of omeprazolemay increase the risk of gastric carcinoma

Encourage patient to avoid alcohol, aspirinproducts, ibuprofen, and foods that mayincrease gastric secretions during therapy

Advise patient to notify prescriber immediatelyabout abdominal pain or diarrhea

Generic Name: Petrolatum topical Brand Name: Petroleum Jelly

Route of Administration: topical Dosage/Available Stock:

Dug Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Petrolatum topical

>petroleum jelly

Drug Classification:

Topical emollients

Dosage:

For temporary relief from dry itching skin and pain due to minor burns, abrasions and other irritated skin conditions

Softening and moisturizing dry, cracked, or irritated skin.

Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment is an emollient. It works by softening and moisturizing the skin.

Allergy to any ingredient in Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment

>Mild itching, >burning>drying, >or stinging.

Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment is for external use only.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant while taking Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment during pregnancy. It is unknown if Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic

Petrolatum Ointment is excreted in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby

Wash your hands before using Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment.

Wash and dry the affected area, unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Apply a thin layer of medicine to the affected area, then gently spread the medicine until it is evenly distributed.

Wash your hands

immediately after using Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment, unless your hands are part of the treated area.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before applying a bandage to the affected area.

If you miss a dose of Mineral Oil/Hydrophilic Petrolatum Ointment and are using it regularly, use it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Dug Name Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Effects Nursing Interventions

Generic Name:

Drug Classification:

Dosage: