1 Opportunities for sweet sorghum stover and bagasse as valuable commodities in fodder trading and processing Michael Blümmel and colleagues International Livestock Research Institute CFC-FAO Meeting
May 22, 2015
1
Opportunities for sweet sorghum stover and bagasse as valuable commodities in fodder trading
and processingMichael Blümmel and colleagues
International Livestock Research Institute
CFC-FAO Meeting
2
Topics
Sorghum stover as valuable commodity infodder markets
Opportunities for markets for sweet sorghum
bagasse as fodder
Value addition to sorghum stover and bagasse through feed processing options and creation of business opportunities and employment
Where to go from here: value chain development for sweet sorghum stover
3
4
Sorghum stover trading in Hyderabad
5
Changes in grain: stover value in ‘grain’ sorghum from 2004
to 2009
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum grain
Sorghum stover
Comparisions of average cost of dry sorghum stover traded in Hyderabad and average of cost of sorghum grain at major
whole sale markets in Andhra Pradesh November2004 to November 2005
3.4
6.5
Month of trading
Ind
ian
Ru
pee
per
kg
Yearly mean
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Ju Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Sorghum stoverSorghum grain
Comparisions of average cost of dry sorghum stover traded in Hyderabad and average of cost of sorghum grain at major
whole sale markets in Andhra Pradesh November2008 to November 2009
Month of trading
Ind
ian
Ru
pee
per
kg
6.2
10.2
Yearly mean
Blümmel et al (2011)
6
Relation between digestibility and price of ‘grain’ sorghum stover
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 552.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2 = 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Sto
ver
pri
ce (
IR/k
g D
M)
Premium Stover“Raichur”
Low Cost Stover“Local Yellow”
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
7
Price variations in different sorghum stover traded concomitantly in
Mieso, Ethiopia, April 2007
StoverETB/kg
Trader
ETB/kg
Farm
Sweet Sorghum (SS) 0.65 0.20
“Grain” Sorghum (GS) 0.50 0.13
Price premium 30% 54%
Source: calculated from Gebremedhin et al. 2009
Note: In India SS stover have about 3-4 units higher digestibility than GS stover
8
Key findings from sorghum stover fodder trading
High monetary value of stover, ratio grain: stover monetary value getting narrower
Apparently “small” differences in fodder quality can command surprisingly high price premiums
Interesting trans-regional similarities in price premiums
Opportunities for sweet sorghum bagasse as
fodder
9
10
Digestibility of stover and bagasse in a range of sorghum hybrids and
varieties (OPV’)
Percentage Digestibility of
Stover Bagasse + Leaf
Mean Hybrid 49 44.6
Range Hybrid 43.8-54.5 39.3-49.1
Mean OPV 51.5 46.6
Range OPV 48.8-54.8 42.0-50.4
Blümmel et al (2009)
11
Linking sorghum stover traders to de-centralized crushing unit:
unchopped bagasse/leaves
50 Paisa per kg bagasse/leaves
Note: dry matter of bagasse/leavesless than 50%
12
Linking sorghum stover traders to de-centralized crushing unit:
chopped bagasse/leaves
1 Rs per kg fresh chopped bagasse/leaves
Note: traders were offering more towardsend of crushing season
Opportunities for value addition to stover and
bagasse
13
14
Feed block manufacturing: supplementation, densification
Ingredients %
Sorghum stover 50
Bran/husks/hulls 18
Oilcakes 18
Molasses 8
Grains 4
Minerals, vitamins, urea 2
Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD
15
Relation between digestibility and price of sorghum stover
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 552.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2 = 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Sto
ver
pri
ce (
IR/k
g D
M)
Premium Stover“Raichur”
Low Cost Stover“Local Yellow”
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
16
Comparisons of high and low quality sorghum stover based feed blocks
in commercial dairy buffalo
Block High Block Low
CP 17.2 % 17.1%
ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg
DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d
DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 %
Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d
Anandan et al. (2009a)
17
Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and
response in sheep
Mash Pellets Block
Control
Chaffed SSBRL
Concentrate
DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b
ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b
Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7
Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5
Anandan et al. (2009b)
18
Key findings from value addition to stover and
bagasse Quite respectable levels of livestock productivity
possible on almost completely sorghum by-product based rations
No processing solution feeds fit all feeding situations
Economy driving, optimizing strategies required
More emphasis needed on decentralized processing options
19
Where to go from here: improve fodder trading of
stover and bagasse Establish actor linkage matrices of participants in
stover and bagasse trading
Improve linkages between pertinent actors and implement appropriate communication lines for example mobile phone based
Identify and implement small scale stover and
bagasse processing options that suitable for prevailing labor and infrastructural conditions
Develop capacity for more efficient fodder trading
20
Where to go from here: value chain development for de-centralized feed
processing option
Targeting of districts based on dairy systems, fodder demand, cropping pattern, labor availability, alternative feed resources etc
Inventory available feed resource and determine feed price-quality relations
Field test and monitor economically viable and self sustaining de-centralized feed processing options for small scale business entrepreneurs and dairy cooperatives
Develop scaling up strategy
21
Thank you for your attention