Dr. Donald R. Riley Chair, IEEAF (ieeaf) SURA IT Fellow

The Internet Educational Equal Access FoundationThe Internet Educational Equal Access FoundationIEEAF Global Quilt

High speed links to Western Africa's coastal countries

International Workshop on African Research & Education NetworkingGeneva, Switzerland

September 25-27, 2005

Dr. Donald R. RileyChair, IEEAF (www.ieeaf.org)

SURA IT FellowProfessor, Decision Information Technologies

Robert H. Smith School of BusinessUniversity of Maryland, College ParkTel 301-405-8855; Fax 301-405-8655Home Office/Mobile: 240-683-4564

[email protected]

225 Sept. 2005

Extending High Bandwidth Performance Internet Connectivity to the African Research and Education Community

325 Sept. 2005

What’s the real target? What are the important strategic issues?

• Is it just about the Internet? Or Internet2? NGI?• Are universities just consumers/customers?• Or are universities the cornerstone of “knowledge

society” and “globalization”? Of both the human infrastructure and economic development via new technology development and transfer?

• Are we aiming for the future? • Or just for today or yesterday? In other words, to

always be behind?

425 Sept. 2005

Bandwidth Divide for Africa

• International Connectivity is poor• Internet cost is very high• Satellite access limits what can be undertaken because

of latencies and asymmetrical characteristics (assumes Africa is user of, not generator of, new information)

• Significant barriers to access to information and resources, modern education, collaboration, research, funding opportunities

• Dedicated NRENs are few• Internet2 access is almost non-existent• Human infrastructure is not being developed at

rate needed• The gap is widening

525 Sept. 2005

By all measures, Africa is behind

625 Sept. 2005

Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities

725 Sept. 2005

Trends in Internet Troughput

S.E. Europe, Russia: catching upLatin Am., Mid East, China: keeping upIndia, Africa: falling behind

825 Sept. 2005

Loss to Africa (example of variability)

925 Sept. 2005

Africa Derived Throughput

1025 Sept. 2005

Round Trip Transmission Times

1125 Sept. 2005

Development and Spread of Internet2 (NGI)

• U.S. Internet2 effort launched in 1996

• Represents R&D for “Next Generation Internet”

• Has become international development effort with • International Partners in 43 Countries

• NRENs: National Research and Education Networks

• Plus development of Regional Backbones (Europe with GEANT/DANTE, South America with CLARA, APAN in Asia Pacific)

• Represents significant economic development resource

• Not much happening in Africa

1225 Sept. 2005

Internet2: International Partners

Internet2 International Partner Organizations and Networks

Internet2 has formed peer-level relationships with organizations outside the U.S. who have projects similar to Internet2 in scope and objectives. Internet2 currently partners with over 40 of these international organizations and networks.

1325 Sept. 2005

Map of International GLIF Initiative:Global Lambda Integrated Facility

www.glif.is Visualization courtesy of Bob Patterson, NCSA.

1425 Sept. 2005

Public-Private Partnership: IEEAF• The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation The Internet Educational Equal Access Foundation

((IEEAFIEEAF) is ) is a partnership between the Research and a partnership between the Research and Education Community and the Private SectorEducation Community and the Private Sector whose whose goal is to goal is to obtain donationsobtain donations of international of international bandwidth to bandwidth to enableenable a a global collaboration in global collaboration in research and education.research and education.

• Current donations have already linked US and Current donations have already linked US and Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific.Europe, and US and Asia-Pacific.

• This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in This bandwidth helps enable global collaborations in research and education, in the true research and education, in the true spirit of the spirit of the Global Quilt Initiative.Global Quilt Initiative.

1525 Sept. 2005

IEEAF Vision: The Global Quilt

A Network of Networks, A Network of Networks, “stitched together”“stitched together” to to create create a common single fabrica common single fabric, and , and shared shared equally by allequally by all. This will be achieved through . This will be achieved through collaboration and community effort, until it collaboration and community effort, until it covers the globecovers the globe..

The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” The IEEAF has no boundaries of “home” territory…..territory…..

"Non Nobis Solo""Non Nobis Solo" (Not by ourselves alone)(Not by ourselves alone)

1625 Sept. 2005

7600 km9300 km

17 Time Zones

10 Gbps + 622 Mbps

10 Gbps + 622 Mbps

IEEAF Global Quilt InitiativeIEEAF Global Quilt Initiative

1725 Sept. 2005

IEEAF Donation Summary

• 10 Gbps (OC-192 wavelength) plus separate 622 Mbps STM-1.• New York - London - Groningen (Netherlands)• Seattle - Tokyo

• Fiber pair: from Tyco Cable Station Groningen to Amsterdam, and to Hamburg co-location facility

• Fiber pair: Hamburg facility to 379 Weinderstrasse carrier hotel, where “German rings” meet

• Fiber pair: UK• 8,000 miles of trans-USA fiber donated by AT&T to the

Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) as SURA-IEEAF partnership

• Submarine bandwidth under discussion:• To Lisbon• UK-Bilbao-Madrid-Valencia-Barcelona-Marseilles• To Copenhagen and St. Petersburg• To Singapore, Thailand, India

• A new 10 gigabyte trans-Atlantic connectivity which GEO will use specifically for telemedicine and HEP initiatives.

1825 Sept. 2005

More Donations Pending• The IEEAF is currently in negotiations for multiple pending

donations that if successfully concluded will double the size of the Global Quilt Initiative and span all time zones.

• Negotiations for donations are being supported by a global community of Research and Education Visionaries:

• to Southeast Asia

• in Eastern Europe

• to Scandinavian/Nordic countries

• to Africa

• to India and South Asia

1925 Sept. 2005

Partnerships Create Donations

• We’re here to help any community trying to establish educational networks

• We’re successful because of the partnerships with leaders who share our vision

• It’s the partnerships that make it happen. Joining hands completes the ring…..• A network of networks.... • Community to community and village to village...• The Global Quilt

2025 Sept. 2005

IEEAF Partnership with WIDE

• Jun Murai, Keio University and WIDE Project: • Asset Steward of IEEAF Trans-Pacific Link from Seattle to Tokyo• Established open Tokyo Lambda Exchange (T-LEx)

• Extending beyond Tokyo

KEIO SFC

Univ. of TokyoNTT/KDDTo: Osaka

To: JAIST

JAIST

Osaka

KyushuNAIST

To Korea

To IEEAF/US

To IEEAF/Asia (in plan)

Geographical Map of DarkFiber for IEEAF in Japan(as of Oct. 2003)

Connected siteDF

TITECH

10Gbps over SONET/SDH

2125 Sept. 2005

Thailand Regional Initiative: Next Generation Internet Announced by H.E.Dr. Surapong Suebwonglee, Minister of ICT, ThailandJanuary 26, 2005

SOI and WIDE

2325 Sept. 2005

NSF Funding for International Research Network Connections (IRNC)

• NSF funding new links from U.S. to International R&E Networks (2.5 to 10 Gbps “lambdas”)• To Europe• To Asia-Pacific• To South America• To China and Russia• Nothing to Africa

2425 Sept. 2005

International Connectivity, Open R&E Exchanges, and International Peerings

Japan

EuropeN.America

S.America

2525 Sept. 2005

AtlanticWave: linking US East Coast International Exchanges

• IEEAF partnering with SURA, FIU-AMPATH-WHREN, MAX, SoX/SLR, Internet2/MANLAN, and the Academic Network of Sao Paulo (ANSP) to establish AtlanticWave

• AtlanticWave is an International Peering Fabric along the East Coast• US, Canada, Europe, South America

Plus….• Distributed IP peering points:

• NYC, WDC, ATL, MIA, SPB

2625 Sept. 2005

IEEAF and Africa

• May 2004: Asked by NSF if IEEAF techniques could work in Africa

• November 2005: In partnership with Internews, received small grant from NSF to do feasibility study and develop plan for “Extending High Bandwidth Academic and Research Networking to Africa” to support US-Africa research collaborations• John Mack, J.L. Mack and Associates

U.S. State Dept. (retired)• George Sadowsky, Internews Network and Internet Society

New York University (retired)• Don Riley, Univ. of Maryland, Chair, IEEAF• Ed Fantegrossi, CEO, Geographic Network Affiliates (GEO) and

IEEAF board• Don Benton, GEO• Tom Durkin, GEO

2725 Sept. 2005

IEEAF and Africa

• January 2005: co-chaired NSF workshop on “I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment”

• February 2005: team visit to Senegal, Ghana• May 2005: Co-organized IEEAF-Internet2

Worshop on “Enhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa”

2825 Sept. 2005

January NSF Workshop

“I.T. for Enhancing US-Africa Collaboration on the Environment”

• Attendees: US and African researchers, US Internet2 community, some US agencies and foundations

• Major conclusion:• Both the quantity and quality of research collaborations

are significantly limited by lack of adequate international connectivity and related infrastructure within country and on campus.

• Data generated in and about Africa typically put on servers in US and Europe because of African bandwidth issues. So African researchers have poor and expensive access to data from and about Africa.

2925 Sept. 2005

May IEEAF-Internet2 WorkshopEnhancing R&E Networking Connectivity to and within Africa

• Participating organizations: NSF, National Library of Medicine, World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Carnegie Corporation, IDRC, NSRC, E-Africa Commission, National Knowledge Commission of India, TENET, Internet2, IEEAF and others.

• Assessment of the situation• Connectivity for universities and other R&E institutions is

sparse, unreliable, expensive, and low capacity; it needs to be dense, reliable, cheap, and higher capacity. Due to the current state of development of applications and usage, it doesn't yet need to be at the same level as currently being implemented in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region.

• There are many African and international initiatives in this area. There is a need to take stock of all these initiatives and to develop better mechanisms to share information, coordinate activities to create a more comprehensive and inclusive plan, set priorities, and reduce duplication and gaps.

• Its essential to ensure that Africans are included and active in setting the agenda.

3025 Sept. 2005


What the global R&E networking community can do:• Recognize that the situation is one of mutual need. Because

of African R&E's dire need for connectivity and Africa's importance to global R&E, global R&E is an ideal constituency to help push African R&E networking forward.

• Bring people together. There was strong interest in regular meetings and follow-up workshops, with a view toward coordinating projects, building relationships with African R&E, and better understanding African networking priorities.

• Jump-start the private sector. The private sector must be central to the development of African R&E networking, but can't do it alone. Projects should aim to encourage the growth of, and competition among, commercial Internet providers.

3125 Sept. 2005


What the global R&E networking community can do (cont’d)• Help build NRENs and regional consortia in Africa. NRENs

play a unique role in development of R&E connectivity and capabilities. They are a proven model on the international scene in promoting and moving forward the needed infrastructure and expertise in both developed and developing countries.

• Focus on capacity-building on African campuses. African universities should play a unique role in developing the human infrastructure required for an “information society” – as they have in other countries. Development of needed campus networks and NRENs is a key component of providing actual experience in designing, building, and operating modern communications networks.

• Keep the larger perspective. R&E is key to development of the Internet more generally (the original NSFnet model, as well as multiple examples in other countries), and the Internet is key to African development more generally. Accordingly, we should look for projects in areas related to R&E that have potential for wider impact, above all in the health sector.

3225 Sept. 2005

AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONAFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINTERNET EDUCATIONAL EQUAL ACCESS FOUNDATION (IEEAF)

““Significant Broadband AccessSignificant Broadband Access””

Enables Enables

““Significant International Collaboration inSignificant International Collaboration in

Research and Education”Research and Education”

Leads ToLeads To

““Empowerment and Economic Development”Empowerment and Economic Development”

3325 Sept. 2005


African Collaboration Initiative

IEEAF Donations – 10 Gig and STM-4 – 17 Time Zones

Tokyo Hamburg

ThaiREN

WHREN

3425 Sept. 2005



Enables Enables

““Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”

Leads ToLeads To


The Issues:• In-Country “PTT Protectionist” Issues

• Local Domestic Politics

• Consortium Submarine Cable Operators “Seasoned Monopoly”

• Missing International Business Drivers

• Sustainability

3525 Sept. 2005


The Plan: • Bring to bear our experience with public-private partnership and “17 time zones of critical mass success in bandwidth donations.”

• Add a team with “historical knowledge of projects, participants and government relationships.”

• Team together “International Telecom Knowledge” and their Relationships with “global multinational telecom opportunities and barter.”

• “Establish the beach head – Set-up Hub and Spoke Design” -- the first Quilt patch.


Enables Enables

““Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”Significant International Collaboration in Research and Education”

Leads ToLeads To


3625 Sept. 2005


STEP ONE:

Submarine Cable Landing SiteSubmarine Cable Landing Site

ToTo

First University Asset Steward First University Asset Steward Exchange PointExchange Point

3725 Sept. 2005

AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT AFRICAN GLOBAL QUILT INITIATIVE COLLABORATIONINITIATIVE COLLABORATION

STRATEGIC PLAN: Leverage NSF funding for link to Africa

Step One

Step Two • Asset Steward Hub and Spoke to neighboring country design project

• Terrestrial Fiber plan solution from CHE to University TEP

• Submarine Cable Plan from Amsterdam to Portugal to Senegal and Ghana

• Collaboration with defined African Research Initiatives

• WiMAX to extend access around University TEP

3825 Sept. 2005

TEP

IEEAF Asset Steward Technology Exchange Point (TEP)

Second Phase of donator’s network to neighboring countries

R & E Community

Global Medical Research Exchange (GMRE)

Neutral ExchangeSubmarine

Cablehead End Building

Donated Backhaul Dark Fiber

International and National

Neutral Exchange

Facility

Telecom

Fiber Donators

Facility Space

Carrier Neutral

Exchange Facility

Content Services Servicing African R&E Institutions and Government Projects

Global Telemedicine Initiatives


U

U

H

U UniversityKey

H Hospital

3925 Sept. 2005


STEP TWO:

HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS:HUB AND SPOKE EXPANSIONS:

Border country telecom donations “linking” Border country telecom donations “linking” back to the newly established international back to the newly established international exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University exchange point with IEEAF ‘‘University Asset Steward’’ at sub-cable landingAsset Steward’’ at sub-cable landing

4025 Sept. 2005

Country A

Country C

Country B Country D

Country E

U

U

H

H


U UniversityKey

H Hospital

Step Two

Step Two

U

Step Two

U

4125 Sept. 2005

Country A …Cable Head End


Country B

U

H

Telco Fiber Network

U

Country B Donated Backhaul

Country C

U

H

U

Country A Second Phase of

Donator’s Network to

neighboring countries

Step Two

4225 Sept. 2005

LIBYA EGYPT

TUNISIA

NIGERCHAD

SUDAN

ALGERIA

MOROCCO

MALI

WESTERNSAHARA

MAURITANIA

SENEGAL

IVORYCOASTLIBERIA

GH

AN

A TO

GO

BE

NINSIERRA

LEONE

BURKINAFASOGUINEA NIGERIAGUINEA

BISSAU

THEGAMBIA

CAMEROON

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

CONGOGABON

EQUATORIALGUINEA

ANGOLA

TANZANIA

ETHIOPIA

KENYA

UGANDA

RWANDA

SOMALIA

DJIBOUTI

ZAMBABWE

ZAMBIA

MOZAMBIQUEMADAGASCAR

SOUTHAFRICA

BOTSWANA

NAMIBIA

LESOTHOSWAZILAND

ANGOLA

MALAWI

South

Atlantic

Ocean

Indian

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

RedSea

Indian

Ocean

DEMOCRATICREP. Of Congo

BURUNDI

Entrea

SAUDI ARABIA

LIBYA EGYPT

TUNISIA

NIGERCHAD

SUDAN

ALGERIA

MOROCCO

MALI

WESTERNSAHARA

MAURITANIA

IVORYCOASTLIBERIA

TO

GO

BE

NINSIERRA

LEONE

BURKINAFASOGUINEA NIGERIAGUINEA

BISSAU

THEGAMBIA

CAMEROON

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

CONGOGABON

EQUATORIALGUINEA

ANGOLA

TANZANIA

ETHIOPIA

KENYA

UGANDA

RWANDA

SOMALIA

DJIBOUTI

ZAMBABWE

ZAMBIA

MOZAMBIQUEMADAGASCAR

SOUTHAFRICA

BOTSWANA

NAMIBIA

LESOTHOSWAZILAND

ANGOLA

MALAWI

South

Atlantic

Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

RedSea

Indian

Ocean

DEMOCRATICREP. Of Congo

BURUNDI

SAUDI ARABIA

YaoundeIle-ife University

U

Bamako* Niamey

Beira

Dares Salaam

Mombasa

SAT 3

SAFE

UAE

Lagos

TEPSENEGAL

TEP

GH

AN

A

TEPCapita

TEP


EASSY

World Bank Regional

Communications Infrastructure

Program (“RCIP”)

A

A

A

A

A

A

AA

AAA

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B Countries A

Countries B

DANTEEUMEDCONNECT

EMC

EMCEMC

EMCEMC

4325 Sept. 2005


• Invite the R&E community starting from today to stand with us for a “FINAL PUSH”

• “Alignment”…

… Our combined weight, pushing in a single direction, will burst open the “Access Doorways” for our African Colleagues

The Invitation:

The End Result……… Broadband for Research Project Collaborations equals “Empowerment and Economic Development”

“Significant Broadband Access”

Leads To

“Empowerment and Economic Development”

THEGLOBAL QUILT

Dr. Donald R. Riley Chair, IEEAF (ieeaf) SURA IT Fellow

Documents