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A kiadványt a Művelődési é s Közoktatási Minisztérium oktatáshoz szükséges segédkönyvvé nyilvánította Bírálók: SZENTIRMAY LYANE MAGYARICS PÉTER Anyanyelvi bíráló: NICHOLAS TAYLER Fedélterv: SZIKRA ZOLTÁN © Dr. Budai László ISBN 963 18 8466 X
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Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Dec 29, 2015

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Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok
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Page 1: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

A kiadványt a Művelődési és Közoktatási Minisztérium oktatáshoz szükséges segédkönyvvé nyilvánította

Bírálók:

SZENTIRMAY LYANE MAGYARICS PÉTER

Anyanyelvi bíráló:

NICHOLAS TAYLER

Fedélterv:

SZIKRA ZOLTÁN

© Dr. Budai László

ISBN 963 18 8466 X

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CONTENTS

E LŐ SZ Ó ........................................................................................................................ 5T H E V ER B ................................................................................................................... 7

The Use i)l the Tenses ......................................................................................... 8Auxiliary Verbs ..................................................................................................... 44The Passive Voice ................................................................................................. 53Sequence of Tenses: D irect/Indirect Speech ................................................. 58

T i l t V ERBA LS ........................................................................................................... 71TH E NOUN PH R A SE: NOUN SU BSTITU TES ............................................. 85PR EPO SITIO N S: PA RTIC LES ..............................................................................109SENTENCES ................................................................................................................ 113

Interrogative and Negative Sentences ........................................................... 114Responses ............................................................................................................... 121Formal Subject ...................................................................................................... 125O bjects ................................................................................................................... 126A dverbials .............................................................................................................. 128Conjunctions ......................................................................................................... 133

SPELLING ..................................................................................................................... 137PA TTERN S ................................................................................................................... 141B IB LIO G R A PH Y ...................................................................................................... 167INDEX ............................................................................................................................ 168

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Page 4: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

ELŐSZÓ

E nyelvtani feladatgyűjtemény a gimnáziumi angol nyelvi tan­könyvekhez készült. A könyv elsősorban az alaptantervű osztályok nyelvtani törzsanyagát tartalmazza, de ugyanakkor a speciális osz­tályok számára is nyújt feladatokat (például a Comment on the use o f. .’. vagy az Analyse the use o f . . . utasításokat tartalmazó felada­tok). Az egyes gyakorlatok részben vagy egészben elvégezhetők egy-egy nyelvtani jelenséghez kapcsoltan és/vagy szintetizáló ismét­lésként - a tanár legjobb belátása szerint.

Az angol nyelvi tankönyvek megírásának idején terjedelmi okok akadályozták meg a szerzőket abban, hogy változatosabb fajtájú, elegendő mennyiségű gyakorlatokat is készítsenek. Választaniuk kellett a hagyományosabb mechanikus és az életszerűbb szituatív gyakorlatok között. A szerzők az utóbbiak mellett döntöttek kettős meggondolásból is: egyrészt a szituatív gyakorlatok közvetlenebbül szolgálják a tantervi célokat, hatékonyabban járulnak hozzá a kom­munikatív képességek kialakításához és fejlesztéséhez, másrészt a mechanikus gyakorlatokat szükség szerint maguk a kollégák is köny- nyebben megszerkeszthetik vagy előteremthetik. Reméltük azt is, hogy a hagyományosabb gyakorlatfajták háttérbe szorításával csökkenthetjük az öncélú grammatizálást, megkedveltethetjük a korszerűbb, a célravezetőbb gyakorlatokat. Szándékainkkal a ta­pasztalatok szerint egyet is értett a kollégák többsége olyannyira, hogy az idők során a nyelvtani tudatosság nem kívánt szintre süly- lyedt, amihez szerencsétlen módon talán még az is hozzájárult, hogy a tankönyveknek a nyelvtani tudatosítást szolgáló részei ki­sebb betűkkel szedettek, mintha elhanyagolható részekről lenne szó. Tanulmányi versenyeken, felvételi vizsgákon egyértelműen ki­derült, hogy eredeti elképzeléseink eltorzultak az angolnyelv-okta-

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tás mindennapi gyakorlatában. A tapasztalatok ismeretében kettős célt tűztünk magunk elé: könyvünkkel egyrészt fel kívánjuk hívni a figyelmet a nyelvtani tudatosság és pontosság fontosságára, más­részt hathatós segítséget is akarunk nyújtani a tudatosság fokozásá­hoz, a nyelvtani pontosság kimunkálásához.

Újabb félreértések elkerülése végett hangsúlyozzuk, hogy nem valamiféle grammatizáló módszer felélesztésén fáradozunk - virul az itt-ott élesztgetés nélkül is - , nem azt akarjuk, hogy a pendulum most meg az ellenkező irányba billenjen ki, hanem azt, hogy szabá­lyosan rója az útját a spontaneitástól a tudatosságig, illetve a tuda­tosságtól a spontaneitásig, bár ez utóbbi út mindenkori járhatósága az idegen nyelvek elsajátítása terén egyre többekben támaszt kéte­lyeket. A szerző sem hisz abban, hogy a nyelvi szabályok akár szö­veges, akár táblázatokba foglalt ismerete, a szabályok tudatos al­kalmazása, kellő mennyiségű gyakorlása önmagában elegendő lenne a tényleges nyelvtudás kialakításához, mint ahogyan a mate­matikai képletek ismerete, a velük való műveletek begyakorlása is édeskevés a szöveges, az életszerű feladatok megoldásához. Az azonban hihető, hogy egy idegen nyelv megértéséhez, és a jobb megértés következtében a gyorsabb elsajátításához nagymérték­ben hozzájárul a nyelvi jelenségek bizonyos fokú tudatosítása és mechanikus gyakorlása is. Az pedig vitathatatlan tény, hogy igé­nyesebb nyelvi teljesítmények - sem anyanyelven, sem idegen nyelven - nem születhetnek kellő mértékű nyelvi tudatosság nélkül.

A továbbiakban is jobban hiszünk az életszerűbb szituatív gya­korlatokban, hiszen legfőbb célunk a kommunikatív képességek ki- fejlesztése - a társadalmi igényeknek megfelelően akár a nyelvtani helyesség rovására is —, de reméljük, hogy tanítványaink képessé­geitől, célkitűzéseitől függően, differenciált módon a nyelvi tuda­tosság, a nyelvtani helyesség értéke is a maga helyére kerül.

A szerző

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THE VERB

The Use of the Tenses

Auxiliary Verbs

The Passive Voice

Sequence of Tenses; Direct and

Indirect Speech

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The Use of the Tenses

Exercise 1. Read the following sentences in the third person singular:

1. They live in Oxford.2 .1 help my father.'3. We think we are right.4. What do you do?5. Do you like eggs?6. We don’t go to school on Saturdays.7 . 1 know the answer.8. Do you often buy apples?9. They do exercises every morning before breakfast.

10. When do you come home?11. Do you help your mother?12. Do you speak English?1 3 .1 don’t study Spanish.14. Where do you keep your money?15 .1 often meet them.16. You look like your sister.17. Which coat do you prefer?18. How much do you weigh?19. Do you eat much for dinner?20. What do these signs mean?2 1 .1 like playing football.22. Why don’t they work?23. We collect postcards.24. What do you want to buy?25. What time do you have your lunch?

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple present tense:

1. When did you get up?2. He liked the book very much.

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3. Will you enjoy the film?4. Where did you have your lunch?5 . 1 am washing myself in the bathroom.6. Father is reading in the sitting-room.7. Mother is dressing in the bedroom.8. What did he do?9. We wanted to go to Italy.

10. What time did you get home?11. How long will it take to get there?12. My brother didn't know about that.13. How long did the flight take?14. What did the man look like?15. What did you drink at breakfast?16. Where will they live?17. What did he think of our classroom?18. She didn’t want to study Hungarian.19. Will you help them?20. What did he collect?21. Who did the washing up?22. How did you get to school?23. What are you doing?24. They won’t like the life there.25. Who taught you English?

Exercise 3. Use the present continuous instead of the infinitives brackets:

1. Go and see what the children (to do).2. Somebody (to talk) in the next room.3. Who (to make) such a noise?4. They (not to work).5. What you (to do) now?6. Why you (not to go) to bed?7. Who they (to wait for)?8 .1 can’t hear what they (to say) about.9. Mary (to make) tea in the kitchen.

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10. Joe (to study) Hungarian.11. They (to sleep) in the garden?12. Why George (not to help) his father?13. What she (to show) the boy?14. What the assistant (to give) the woman?15. He (to listen) to the radio?16. She (to lie) in the'sun.17. They (to play) football.18. Why you (not to read) an English book?19. They (to sing) beautiful songs.20. What you (to sit) on?21. You (to write) an English letter?22. He (to have) his lunch now.23. Kate still (to dance).24. They still (to sleep)?25. Who (to sweep) the floor?

Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present continuous tense:

1. You (think) it is all right?2. It often (make) a noise like that.3. You can’t see George now; he (have) a bath.4. I usually (drink) tea but today I (drink) coffee.5. What you (do) in the evenings?6. I won’t go out now as it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.7. I (want) to buy a skirt.8. You (like) this picture postcard?9. You always (write) with your left hand?

10. You (love) her?11. You (dream) at night?12. Who (make) that noise?13. Why Mr Trim (look) down at the floor?14. I (wait) for the shop to open. But it (not open) till 9.15. What you (look) at, Peter?16. It is Saturday evening and the Trim family are at home. Mrs

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Trim (listen) to a concert on the radio; MrTrim (read) a paper; Tom (do) his homework and Mary (write) a letter.

17. Mr Miller often (go) to the theatre but his wife (not go) very of­ten. He (like) all sorts of plays. She (prefer) comedies.

18. My daughter never (write) to me so I never (know) what she (do). Your son (write) to you, Mr Brown?

19. Where you (go), Peter? - I (go) to buy some cigarettes. You (want) an evening paper?

20. What bus you (wait) for? - 1 (wait) for a 9 or a 14. - Here is a 9 now. You (come) on it or you (wait) for a 14? - 1 (think) I’ll take the 9. If I (wait) for a 1 4 ,1 may be late, and if you (be) late at my office everyone (look) at you.

Exercise 5. Use the present continuous where possible in the fol­lowing sentences and put the remaining verbs into the going to form:

1. We (start) tomorrow.2. We (spend) a few days in Cambridge next month.3. I (play) bridge tonight with my friends.4. We (have) some friends to lunch tomorrow.5. I (put) the new piano in the sitting-room.6. The Prime Minister (speak) on the radio tonight.7. This shop (close) down next week.8. We (take) the children to Lake Balaton this summer.9. I (give) him a football for his next birthday.

10. You (wash) the car?11. What you (do) with the money?12. He (have) an operation next week.13. What you (tell) the police?14. The Queen (open) Parliament next week.15. She (sing) in her first big concert next month.16. I (read) you some of my poems.17. You (go) to the supermarket tomorrow? - Yes, I (go) but I (not

buy) anything.18. When you (have) your next lesson? - We (have) it on Tuesday.

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19. She (go) to Italy for her holidays. - She (fly)? - No, she (go) by boat.

20. Have you got a ticket for the big match on Saturday? - No, I don’t even know who (play). - Hungary (play) England.

Note that planned future actions can be expressed by the present con­tinuous tense with a time expression or by the going to form with or without a time expression. The present continuous is mainly used for very definite arrangements in the near future. The going to form can be used more widely.

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect tense:

1. The post (come)?2. She just (go) out.3. You (wash) the plates?4. Where you (be)?5. You (see) my English book anywhere?6. I (not finish) my letter yet.7. You (hear) from him lately?8. You (have) enough to eat?9. They (live) in this house for fifteen years.

10. How long you (know) Mr Trim?11. I often (see) her but I never (speak) to her.12. He (post) the letter?13. We (buy) a new car. Come and look at it.14. We (ask) them to dinner several times.15. They (win) fifteen of their matches.16. How many of their matches they (lose)?17. 1 (have) an exciting summer.18. We (be) at home all the summer.19. I already (eat) my apple.20. Why you (throw) it out?21. Who (drink) my coffee?22. 1 (not read) many English books yet.

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23. You (find) your pen yet?24. You ever (eat) an English breakfast?25. You (learn) anything in this lesson?

Exercise 7. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences by using for or since:

1. I haven’t seen you . . . three days.2. It hasn’t rained here . . . more than a month.3. I haven’t spoken English . . . 1985.4. I have known him . . . a long time.5. She has been very ill . . . the last month.6. They haven’t eaten anything . . . twenty-four hours.7. He has been in prison . . . two years.8. I haven’t played football . . . last autumn.9. I have read two books . . . Monday.

10. We have studied English . . . two years.11. Things have changed . . . then.12. The radio has been on . . . 8 a. m.13. Mr White has been in hospital . . . his accident.14. It has been very foggy . . . early morning.15. Nobody has seen them . . . last month.16. She had a bad fall last week and . . . then she hasn’t left the

house.17. He has been in the water . . . half an hour.18. I haven’t had time to do i t . . . I was ill.19. She has done the high jump . . . last summer.20. I haven’t met him . . . last week.21. He has used this car . . . ten years.22. We have been very busy . . . we came back.23. She has kept a diary . . . the first of September.24. He has collected stamps . . . 1980.25. She has corresponded with an English boy . . . many years.

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Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect continu­ous tense:

1. We (live) here since 1975.2. How long you (wear) glasses?3. I (look) for my pen for ages.4. How long you (wait) for me?5. It (rain) for a week now.6. He (speak) for an hour now.7. She (eat) nothing but bananas for the last month.8. The children (look) forward to this holiday for weeks.9. How long you (drive)?

10. He (work) all the morning.11. How long you (sit) here?12. I (stand) here in the rain for half an hour.13. That book (lie) on your table for weeks.14. They (play) football for three hours.15. How long you (study) English?16. I (bathe). That’s why my hair is all wet.17. Why are your hands black? - Because I (get) the coal in.18. I can’t write with my pen. What you (do) to it?19. T here’s something wrong with the typewriter. Someone (use) it

again.20. You (drive) all day. Let me drive now.21. You (not eat) enough lately. T ha t’s why you feel tired.22. Your fingers are very brown. You (smoke) too much.23. I’m cold because I (swim) for over an hour.24. I must sit down for a few minutes; I (run) round the town all day.25. I have a headache; I (watch) TV too long.

Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: present perfect or present perfect continuous. (In some cases either could beused.):

1. You (walk) too fast. T ha t’s why you are tired.2. We (walk) for three hours.

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3. That boy (eat) four ice-creams.4. You (hear) the news?5. She (teach) in this school for thirty years.6. I (put) coal on the fire. T ha t’s why my hands are all black.7. We only (hear) from him twice since he went away.8. What a lovely smell! Mary (make) jam.9. He (not stop) eating since he arrived.

10. They just (arrive) from London.11. We already (have) breakfast.12. This family (live) here for twenty years.13. How long you (stay) in that old hotel?14. The rain (stop).15. She (be) to Scotland.16. He (play) the guitar since eight o ’clock this morning. He only

just (stop).17. I (do) housework all morning and I (not finish) yet.18. He just (sell) two of his own paintings. H e’s lucky. I (paint) for

five years and I (not sell) a single picture yet.19. What you (do) with my typewriter? 1 can’t find it anywhere. -

Tom just (go) off with it. He says he’ll bring it back when he (fin­ish).

20. That man (stand) at the bus stop for the last half hour. Shall I tell him that the last bus already (go)?

Exercise 10. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple past tense:

1. I like it very much.2. I have some tea for breakfast.3. They play in the garden.4. In October it rains a lot.5. I go to school every morning.6. The school-year ends in June.7. I wash in the bathroom and dress in the bedroom.8. I go to work every day.9. I meet him in front of the museum.

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20. For most of the evening, the children (look at) some picture books.

21. While the others (work), they (play) football.22. I (meet) him when he (cross) the street, and then (walk) home

with him.(!)23. I (meet) him when he (cross) the street. (!) (I met him in the

middle of the street.)24. While 1 (do) my homework, he (read) a book.25. I think I (lose) my pen when I (go) to school this morning.

Exercise 13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: simple past or present perfect:

1. He (live) in Oxford for two years and then (go) to London.2. We (live) here since 1976.3. When I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever

since.4. Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.5. I (not see) her for two months. I wonder where she is.6. They (go) abroad last week.7. He isn’t here. He just (go) out.8. My mother never (see) the sea.9. You (see) my bag? I (lose) it.

10. You (see) a good film lately?11. I (hear) the news last night, but (not hear) it today.12. We (not play) tennis together since last June.13. How long ago (be) the last war?14. We (finish) our dinner half an hour ago.15.1 (not have) a holiday for three years.16. My friend (not write) to me for months.17. She (not smoke) for two weeks.18. When you (arrive)?19. I (write) the letter but I can’t find a stamp.20. We (leave) home at six and (get) here at nine.21. You (have) lunch yet?22. The concert (begin) at 7.30 and (last) for two hours.

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23. The play just (begin). You are a little late.24. We (miss) the bus. Now w e’ll have to walk.25. You (be) here before? - Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last

year. - You (have) a good time? - No, it never (stop) raining.

Exercise 14. Put the verbs into the past perfect tense:

1. We (have) our breakfast before we set off.2. After he (finish) his English course he went home.3. Tom didn’t go until he (speak) to his father.4. He said he (telephone) his parents.5. She studied Spanish after she (learn) Italian.6. He went into the army as soon as he (finish) his studies.7. She asked me why I (come) so early.8. I was angry with him because he (forget) to post the letter.9. Why didn’t you drink it? - Because someone else (drink) it al­

ready.10. By that time the children already (go) to bed.11. Everything (be prepared) by then.12. I saw the play last week. I (not see) it before.13. He said he (book) the room two months before.14. The concert (start) before I got to the hall.15. What would you have done if you (lose) your money abroad?16. Why did you come home so late? - Because I (have) a lot of

work to do.17. Why didn’t you help your friend?-Because he (not ask) me to.18. She told me his name after he (leave).19. He thanked me for what I (do).20. Did Tom read the letter after you (write) it?21. He told me his address after I (ask) him twice.22. I asked him what countries he (visit).23. He already (learn) English before he left for England.24. It would have been better if you (wait).25. If I (know) that, I should not have made a mistake.

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10. They leave the house at nine.11. We have lunch at one.12. She always wears black.13. We get up at six.14. You eat too much.15. Who knows the answer?16. She takes the dog out twice a day.17. I dream every night.18. She wants to go to Italy.19. I lie down after lunch.20. We drink water.21. We see them every day.22. He sleeps badly.23. When do you meet him?24. Do you like white coffee?25. He doesn’t speak German.

Exercise 11. Put the verbs into the past continuous form:

1. 1 (work) all day yesterday.2. 1 (read) a book when she came in.3. When you came in I (write) a letter.4. I came in while he (sleep).5. The bus started while I (get) on.6. I took another cake when you (not look).7. She (sing) while we (dance).8. They (watch) TV when we got home.9. He (have) lunch at 1 p. m.

10. They (travel) the whole day.11. Jim (write) the book all last month.12. She (iron) all afternoon.13. I saw him as he (get) off the bus.14. What you (do) at 5 p. m.?15. At that time I (sit) in the kitchen.16. All the time she (cook) the lunch, I (wash) my clothes.17. What you (do) while your wife (lie) in the sun?

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18. We (talk) about you.19. At that time she (make) tea in the kitchen.20. George (help) his father all the afternoon.21. At 6 o ’clock I (study) English.22. You (work) at home in the morning?23. While it (rain), we (play) table tennis.24. He (eat) his dinner when I went to see him.25. When we arrived at his house he still (sleep).

Exercise 12. Put the verbs into the correct form of the past tense (simple or continuous):

1. At last they (leave).2. I (go) to J im ’s house but (not find) him in.3. What you (do) between nine and ten yesterday?4. As it (rain) the children (play) in the sitting-room.5. We (not get) much sleep last night because the people next door

(have) a noisy party.6. I (not want) to meet Charlie so when he (enter) the room I

(leave).7. When I (arrive) she (have) dinner.8. You (look) very busy when I (see) you last night. What you

(do)?9. As we (walk) along the road we (hear) a car coming from behind

us.10. As we (come) here a policeman (stop) us.11. When I (arrive) at the station my parents (wait) for me.12. You (smoke) when I (come) in?13. He (sit) in a café when I (see) him.14. My friends (sing) when I (come) into the room.15. While you (play) the piano I (write) a letter.16. When I (have) a dog I always (take) him out for a walk in the

evening.17. I (speak) to him several times, but he (read) and (not hear) me.18. He (eat) three sandwiches while I (talk) to him.19. While she (cook) in the kitchen, 1 (listen) to the radio.

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Exercise 15. Put the verbs into the most likely form: simple past or past perfect:

1. After you (go), we (go) to bed.2. I (read) Hamlet before I (see) it on the stage.3. He (do) nothing before he (see) me.4. After they (go), I (sit) down and (rest).5. As soon as you (go), I (want) to see you again.6. They (dress) after they (wash).7. After I (hear) the news, I (hurry) to see him.8. When I (arrive), the dinner already (begin).9. She (give) me back the book, (thank) me for it and (say) that she

(enjoy) it very much.10. Jenny (say) that she (have) a wonderful time in America.11. She (tell) the class that she (travel) on the Queen Elizabeth.12. I (be) much bigger than she (think).13. She also (tell) her friends that she (be) on the top of the Empire

State Building, and (take) some photos.14. She (say) she (walk) down Broadway in the evening and (look)

at the neon signs there.15. She (say) she never (see) so many before.16. She (say) that she (visit) Hollywood and (meet) Tony Curtis.17. How she (say) she (travel) to New York?18. Where she (say) she (go) from New York?19. Polly has told me that you (tell) her the secret that I (tell) you

not to tell her.20. What would I see and hear if I (go) to a music-hall?21. If you (want) to read all the books here, it would take you al­

most two hundred years.22. I would have bought it if I (have) enough money on me.23. I (know) that he (not read) the book.24. She (wonder) if they (find) her money.25. I (be) very hungry because I (have) nothing to eat since lunch.

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Exercise 16. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect continu­ous tense:

1. I felt tired because I (work) hard.2. She said that she (not sleep) well.3. The children said that they (play) with the boy next door.4. He said that he (have) extra lessons every week.5. After she (look) out of the window for a short time, she sat

down.6. After he (sleep) for a little while, he woke up suddenly.7. I (drive) for six hours before I started to feel tired.8. She (wait) for the bus for an hour before it came.9. I (call) her for ten minutes before she answered.

10. She was brown because she (sunbathe).11. The grass was wet because it (rain).12. I noticed that she (cry).13. By that time he (teach) us for three years.14. It was ten to four, and we (wait) since two o ’clock.15. How long you (study) Hungarian before you came here?16. The ants asked the grasshopper what he (do) in the summer.17. He answered that he (sing and dance).18. She (live) in the mountains for a fortnight when a letter came

from her sister.19. We (walk) for two hours when we saw a lake in the distance.20. We (gather) mushrooms for two hours when a thunderstorm

broke out.21. By that time he (study) English for three years.22. By the first of July they (live) at the seaside for a fortnight.23. I (work) at my English for about two hours when my friend

came.24. When she began to study English, she (take) French lessons for

two years.25. She rose from the bench where she (sit) for half an hour.

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Page 21: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Exercise 17. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple future tense:

1. They arrived at two o ’clock.2. She is sitting on a chair in the garden.3 . 1 bought a newspaper at the station.4. The car was in the garage.5. He drove his car to the town.6. They live in Scotland.7.1 posted the letter in the afternoon.8. We saw that film on Saturday.9. John flew to New York.

10. You are fat.11. They speak Hungarian.12. Did you come alone?13. What did they do then?14. Where did you stay?15. How many days did you spend in London?16. Did you help them book a room?17. We booked two rooms.1 8 .1 am glad.19. You liked it very much.2 0 .1 met them at the airport.21. We stayed at the Sport Hotel.2 2 .1 brought my wife too.2 3 .1 wasn’t at home on Sunday.2 4 .1 travelled back to Liverpool on Monday morning.2 5 .1 don’t collect postcards.

Exercise 18. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous tense:

1. We (travel) all evening.2. They (live) in England (all) next year.3. I (work) in the garden when you get back from the shops.4. What you (do) at 7 p. m.?

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5. We (have) dinner at 6 p. m.6. I (play) golf all day Sunday.7. She (learn) English all next term.8. Joe (take) his exams all next week.9. I (write) letters all day tomorrow.

10. Jane (do) the housework at 9 a. m. tomorrow.11. John (drive) to the airport in an hour’s time.12. Mary (tour) England during the summer.13. Jim (have) extra lessons every afternoon next week.14. Joe (watch) TV while Jane is getting dinner ready.15. Sue (make) coffee while Mary is getting out the cups.16. She (talk) about her boy-friend the whole evening.17. This time next month we (sit) on the beach.18. When we reach England it probably (rain).19. In a few days time we (fly) over the ocean.20. I (wait) for you when you come out.21. When you next see me I (wear) my new dress.22. We (do) Geometry next term.23. We (take off) in a minute. Please fasten your safety belts.24. We’d better go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano

all day.25. We (see) him on Sunday.

Exercise 19. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense:

1. We (have) dinner by 8 p. m.2. I (get) my car back from the garage by Saturday.3. Joe (be) here a year on the first of May.4. I (read) this book by the time you want it.5. In a fortnight’s time I (take) my exam.6. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.7. If I continue with my diet I (lose) 10 lb. by the end of the month.8. By next winter they (build) ten houses in this street.9. By this time next year I (save) ten thousand forints.

10. The train (leave) before we reach the station.11. When you come back I (finish) all the housework.

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12. We (drink) all that wine by the end of the year.13. When we reach Dover we (do) half of the journey.14. By this time tomorrow we (cross) the English Channel.15. You (know) each other for two years by the end of May?16. I (mend) your shoes by tomorrow.17. I (do) the homework by the time the match begins.18. By the end of the summer he (teach) us to speak French.19. By then he (sell) all his furniture.20. By next Sunday you (stay) with us for five weeks.21. I hope it (stop) raining by five o ’clock.22. If you don’t get there before seven, they (eat and drink)

everything.23. I hope you (not forget) all this by tomorrow.24. We (walk) a long way before we reach the sea.25. By the end of the term we (learn) a lot of new words expres­

sions.

Exercise 20. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: simple present or simple future:

1. He (be) here before you (go).2. She (wash up) before she (go) to bed.3. We (buy) that house when we (have) enough money.4. I (ask) him before he (leave).5. I (speak) to him when he (arrive).6. He (mind) if I (bring) my dog?7. What your father (say) when he (hear) about it?8. I (wait) here till he (come) back.9. When he (return) I (give) him the money.

10. He (be) ready as soon as you (be).11. I (stay) in bed till the clock (strike) seven.12. She (be) happy when she (hear) this.13. I (not buy) tomatoes till the price (come) down.14. Stay here till the lights (turn) green.15. I (not come) to London till the bus strike (be) over.

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16. I (give) the children their dinner before their father (come) home.

17. I (pay) you when I (get) my cheque.18. When you (open) the safe, you (see) a small black box.19. You (get) a shock when you (open) that box.20. If you (eat) all that you (be) ill.21. If he (be) late we (go) without him.22. If you (not start) at once you (be) late for the train.23. You (buy) the house if you (like) it?24. D o n ’t come until I (tell) you.25. He (be) very happy when he (meet) her.

Exercise 21. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the future perfect:

1. I will come as soon as I (complete) my task.2. After we (finish) our dinner, I will wash up the dishes.3. When you finish this book, you (learn) over a thousand words.4. By the end of the week the committee (come) to some con­

clusion.5. By then we (fulfil) our production targets.6. The sun (set) by the time you reach home.7. When you (read) this book, put it away.8. He (leave) home before you arrive.9. By ten o’clock I (write) ten pages.

10. By nine o ’clock I (read) sixty pages of this novel.11. We won’t go until we (finish) our work.12. Wait till I (finish) it.13. They (receive) my letter by this time tomorrow.14. By midnight we (be) in bed over an hour.15. If you get to town after six o ’clock, all the shops (close).16. As soon as I (save) 150 000 forints, I shall buy a car.17. By the time you go to lunch you (drink) four cups of coffee.18. I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next

summer.19. I hope I (pass) my driving test by then.

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20. When he reaches Land’s End he (walk) 100 miles.21. We will start as soon as we (receive) the money.22. I won’t give you any cake until you (eat) your bread and butter.23. We shall talk business when we (have) dinner.24. Some people say that a man shouldn’t think of marrying till he

(save) up enough money to buy a house.25. By the time I am sixty I (visit) all the countries in Europe.

Exercise 22. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or the present perfect continuous:

1. I have a headache; I (watch) TV too long.2. What Mary (do)? - She (practise) the piano.3. It is two o’clock. We (wait) for them for half an hour.4. What you (look) at? - I (look) at that picture over there.5. I (look) at it for almost half an hour and I still can’t understand

what it is.6. She (play) the piano since three o ’clock. I think she must have a

rest.7. I see you (write) letters all the morning. You (write) your last

letter now?8. He (sit) there for a long time. He (wait) for anybody?9. I (work) on my report since Monday. Now I (write) the con­

clusion.10. Father (rest) in the garden all day because he is ill.11. He (sleep) for ten hours. You must wake him.12. Why you (laugh)? Jim (tell) you his anecdotes?13. Bill (repair) the TV-set. He (work) at it for an hour or so.14. All this week he (talk) about his new plan. He can’t speak of

anything else.15. I am cold because I (swim) for an hour.16. My friend (live) in the capital for some time.17. I (plan) a trip to Cambridge since last year.18. They (repair) the road to Exeter.19. They (cut) down all those trees.20. I (sit) on this rock since breakfast.

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21. You (sit) on somebody’s hat.22. Ah, here you all are at last. I (get) hungrier every minute.23. I have broken this clock and I (try) to mend it all the morning.24. Peter (eat) my ice-cream.25. She (pack) these suitcases all the morning, but she hasn’t fin­

ished yet.

Exercise 23. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or the simple future, using the present continuous where possible:

1. Sh^ (play) in a tennis match on Friday.2. There (be) a big meeting here tomorrow.3. I hope that you (have) a good time tomorrow.4. We (see) her tomorrow.5. They (come) back on Sunday.6. I (go) again next year.7. Where you (meet) him?8. We (leave) in a few days.9. I think you (like) it.

10. 1 (be) back at 5.45.11. We (wait) here till you come back.12. He (not write) to you unless you write to him.13. I (work) harder this year.14. We (take) a bus.15. 1 (go) for a walk.16. She (work) well.17. We (have) lunch at home.18. You (be) at home this evening?19. If you come to me, I (give) you a good book.20. When you (read) this book?21. This afternoon we (go) for a swim.22. I (be) glad to see a good football match this afternoon.23. I hope the weather (not change) for the worse.24. What we (do) in Hyde Park?

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Page 27: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

1. What you (do) with this room?2. You (miss) your train.3. You (eat) all that?4. Look at those clouds. It (rain).5. He is standing up. He (make) a speech.6. I (stop) here for a moment to get some petrol.7. You (ask) him to help you?8. I (have) a bath.9. I (not stay) here another minute.

10. We (make) a lot of money out of this.11. The train (arrive) in a minute.12. I (not see) her this afternoon.13. They (do) the work now.14. I (speak) only English.15. We (have) a walk.16. I (write) some letters.17. We (take) a taxi.18. The boys (listen) to the radio.19. I (do) some reading tonight.20. She (stay) in bed tomorrow.21. What you (do)?22. You (have) a swim later?23. I (meet) Joe in the town.24. I (find) out the answer.25. I (speak) to my friend.

Note that going to expresses intention or certainty.

Exercise 25. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple future or the fu­ture continuous:

1. She (come) if you ask her.2. This time next month the snow (melt) and skiing (be) over.3. I (tell) him what you say but he (not believe) it.

Exercise 24. Put the verbs in brackets into the going to form:

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4. He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I’m sure he (forget) to turn up.

5. I wonder what I (do) this time next year. - I expect you still (work) at the same office.

6. What are you doing next weekend? - I (work) as usual.7. Tom (leave) for England quite soon. He has got a job there.8. She says she (not come) if you are driving. She says she doesn't

want to die yet.9. If you come here tomorrow with long hair I (send) you home.

10. I hope you (be) able to help him.11. He (not come) by train. He never comes by train.12. I (cook) any fish you catch, but I (not clean) them. You (have)

to do that yourself.13. D on’t drink your tea without milk. The milkman (come) in a

minute.14. It (be) very late when we get home and our parents (wonder)

what’s happened.15. The car (not start). - If you get in, we (give) it a push.16. I (not wear) glasses when you see me next. I (wear) contact lens­

es. You probably (not recognize) me.17. That tree still (stand) there fifty years from now.18. Look at the time. Your father (arrive) home in a minute.19. You (use) your dictionary this afternoon? - No. You can bor­

row it if you like. - Thanks very much. I (put) it back on your desk this evening.

20. This time next week I (have) my first skiing lesson. - And this time next month you (lie) in bed with a broken ankle.

Exercise 26. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the tenses sug­gested:

1. Tom (sell) his car. (Present Perfect)2. We (prepare) everything by three o ’clock. (Past Perfect)3. You ever (write) a book? (Present Perfect)4. Jim (eat) too much. (Simple Present)5. I (wake up) at once. (Simple Past)

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6. I noticed that she (cry). (Past Perfect Continuous)7. I (see) him tomorrow. (Future Continuous)8. What you (talk) about? (Present Continuous)9. He (work) for a firm which (make) computers. (Simple Present)

10. She came into the room where her husband (sit). (Past Continu­ous)

11. I (read) the book by the end of the month. (Future Perfect)12. She always (find) fault. (Past Continuous)13. Until now we (know) nothing about it. (Simple Past)14. How old you (be) at Christmas? (Simple Future)15. By then we (stay) here for a fortnight. (Future Perfect Continu­

ous)16. It (rain) for three days. (Present Perfect Continuous)17. She always (cry). (Present Continuous)18. By next year my father (work) in this factory for twenty-five

years. (Future Perfect Continuous)19. You (hear) the results by then. (Future Perfect)20. I (prepare) my lessons while you are typing your report. (Future

Continuous)21. Joe (drive) for several minutes before he realized that one of his

tyres was flat. (Past Perfect Continuous)22. He (become) an engineer. (Simple Future)23. When I (finish) breakfast, I left the house. (Past Perfect)24. You (study) art for a long time? (Present Perfect Continuous)

Exercise 27. Using the adverbials in brackets, put the verbs in the fol­lowing sentences into the correct tense:

1. I am waiting for my friend, (for an hour)2. She is swimming in the sea. (this time next week)3. He wants to buy a new car. (two years ago)4. She looks ill. (yesterday)5. He will return you the book, (last week)6. What are you doing? (since Sunday)7. He has been working in the garden since five o ’clock, (now)8. How many letters have you typed? (yesterday afternoon)

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9. I have arrived, (just now)10. Oliver walked twenty miles, (tomorrow)11. It is raining, (all day yesterday)12. We have been invited to tea. (last Sunday)13. She has spent fifty pounds this week, (last week)14. He wrote two letters yesterday, (tomorrow)15. I am watching television, (at this time tomorrow)16. We know each other, (for ten years by the end of this year)17. You will forget me. (by that time)18. What will you say to Richard? (last night)19. They have crossed the English Channel, (by this time tomor­

row)20. She has been studying English for three years, (by the end of

this year)21. I have mended them, (by tomorrow)22. Have you posted the letters? (yesterday)23. I have had my supper, (by the time you come)24. He is writing his second novel, (by next June)25. She is sitting at her desk, (when I came in)

Exercise 28. Comment on the use of the present tenses:

1. You are having a lesson now.2. We start work at 8 a. m. every day.3. I have been to London.4. I have been hearing a lot about you during the past few weeks.5. They are leaving for Germany next month.6. Jane always arrives on time.7. He has used that car for many years.8. They are building a new hospital over there.9. Margaret prefers coffee to tea.

10. Have you mended the fuse?11. Joe has been drinking heavily all evening.12. She is always smoking.13. Men retire at the age of sixty in Hungary.14. The English students arrive next week.

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15. What have you just done?16. They haven’t sold their house yet.17. He is continually asking for help.18. You haven’t done your work.19. I haven’t seen this film before.20. Is he still sleeping?21. She is listening to pop music.22. John enjoys playing golf.23. How long have you been studying this language?24. The sun rises in the east.25. Have you read a newspaper today?

Exercise 29. Comment on the use of the past tenses:

1. They came to this country three years ago.2. What were you doing at 8 p. m. last night?3. He bought a car after he had passed his test.4. We could see that someone had been lying on the bed.5. Jim was working when his wife telephoned.6. Did you play tennis yesterday?7. I joined the club last year.8. She was going out with George while Charlie was in America.9. He told me that he had been examining a patient.

10. I was taking notes during the meeting.11. He told me that he hadn’t been there before.12. They had lived next door for two years when they first spoke to

us.13. I knew that you had been having trouble with your car.14. We stayed in the country during the summer.15. He didn’t go until he had spoken to the headmaster.16. She said she had liked Oxford, but hadn’t had a very good time

in London.17. What were you doing while she was at the doctor’s?18. What were the children doing when their father opened the

door?19. We were singing while they were dancing.

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20. He was always making trouble.21. I had hoped that they would be at home.22. Why did you feel exhausted? - Because I had been working

hard all day.23. How long had you been studying Spanish before you went to

university.24. Margie had been hoping that Peter would wait for her.25. I would have been very happy if you had been there.

Exercise 30. Comment on the use of the future tenses:

1. We will be here tomorrow too.2. 1 will be living abroad all next year.3. We will have had dinner by 9 p. m.4. You will have been studying English for four years when you

leave the school.5. What will you be doing tomorrow morning?6. The election will take place soon.7. You will feel better after a rest.8. We will be doing the housework at 10 a. m. tomorrow.9. I will have phoned before the day is over.

10. John will have a haircut this week.11. I will have read the book by the time you want it.12. You and 1 will get on well.13. The children will go to a camp next week.14. 1 won’t be able to meet you at the station at three o ’clock be­

cause I will be having an extra lesson.15. By the first of January they will have been in this town for two

years.16. We will have finished this work when you return.17. On June 3 they will be spending a day in Scotland.18. I think it will snow tomorrow.19. I will be ready in a few minutes.20. I will go to the library twice a week.21. She won’t believe this story.

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22. If you ring me up after six o ’clock, I will have spoken to the secretary.

23. By this time tomorrow we will be nearing home.24. She will be making tea while you are putting your notes in order.25. By the first of July he will have been working at this office for six

months.

Exercise 31. Analyse the use of the perfect tenses:

1. I have broken my pencil.2. Have you travelled much?3. I haven’t seen him since he left Hungary.4. I was sure he had never seen that woman before.5. We will have mended your shoes by the time you return.6. I have never been there.7. He said that he had already spoken to him.8. Children, how long has this been going on?9. We had prepared everything by two o'clock.

10. It is the first time we have been here.11. It was the first time I had seen the sea.12. When did you say you had got home?13. Have you met him this week?14. They have lived in the country for ten years.15. When I reached the house the windows were dark as everybody

had gone to bed.16. We have been working for six hours already.17. It was four o ’clock. They had been working for eight hours.18. She said she had been waiting for us since two o ’clock.19. I have been thinking the matter over these last few days.20. I wish I had known her.21.1 should have lost it if I hadn’t been careful.22. She said she had been doing the rooms for six hours.23. We shall wait till you have finished your work.24. He said he would post the letter as soon as he had written it.25. What have you been doing to the typewriter?

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Exercise 32. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the present tenses:

1. You just (clean) your teeth?2. You (learn) French now?3. Many young people (not stay) at home after leaving school.4. They usually (not go) to small towns to work.5. Those who (live) in hall (not feel) lonely.6. They (not provide) food in a bedsitter.7. What it (be) since the 11th century?8. It is the first time we (meet).9. How many coffees you (drink) today?

10. You ever (be) to Glasgow?11. I (not see) this film yet.12. I (forget) his name. (I knew his name.)13. You will be ill if you (drink) it.14. I (swim) all day and now I (be) tired.15. He (stay) at that hotel for ten days.16. I saw Susan last week, but I (not see) her since.17. I (not have) any letters since last Monday.18. Tom (play) football professionally.19. Sally (buy) clothes now.20. He (ask) for more money recently?21. You (do) any work today?22. You ever (work) in a bank?23. 1 always (arrive) early.24. Mary always (smoke). She should give up smoking.25. The Rhine (flow) through Germany.

Exercise 33. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the past tenses:

1. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the airport till 9.30.

2. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that before she (leave) the house.

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3. All he (have) to do (he) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.

4. At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.

5. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.

6. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (rem em ­ber) where it (be).

7. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket.8. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets

(be) in his overcoat pocket as well.9. My dog (attack) the postman as he (put) the letters into the let­

ter-box. The man (thrust) a large envelope into the dog's mouth and of course he (tear) it. Unfortunately the letter (contain) my diploma. I (patch) the diploma up with sellotape but it still looks a bit odd.

10. I (meet) Paul at the university. We (be) both in the same year. He (study) law, but he (not be) very interested in it and (spend) most of his time practising the guitar.

11. What you (do) when the doorbell (ring)? - I (make) a cake.12. And what you (do) when you (hear) the bell? - I (go) to answer

it of course. But when I (open) the door there (be) nobody there.

Exercise 34. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense, using the future tenses:

1. I (remember) this day all my life.2. When you arrive we probably (pick) fruit.3. What do you think the children (do) when we get home? - I

expect they (have) their supper.4. Unless you run you (not catch) the train.5. You (be) in London tonight.6. Stand here, they (change) the guard in a minute and you (get) a

good view.7. Do you think that he (recognize) me?

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8. By the time that he leaves school his parents (spend) £ 50 000 on his education.

9. He (lend) it to you if you ask him.10. If these men go on strike we (not have) any petrol.11. In fifty years’time we (live) entirely on pills.12. By the end of the term I (read) all twelve volumes.13. By the end of the month our home help (break) all my wine

glasses.14. It (not be) easy to get out of the country. The police (watch) all

the ports.15. I wonder how many of us (survive) the next war.16. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me.17. If you think it over you (see) that I am right.18. If we don’t hurry the sun (rise) before we reach the top.19. If you learn another language you (get) a better job.20. You (need) a visa if you are going to England.21. They (not send) the goods till you have paid for them.22. In January they (work) there for twenty years.23. I wonder if he (succeed).24. By the end of the month 10 000 people (see) this exhibition.25. He (not wear) uniform when you see him, because he (be) on

leave then.

Exercise 35. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form:

1. They (send) my money next month.2. I (be) so busy recently.3. You (break) my pencil. I can’t write with it.4. You ever (hear) anything like that before?5. I (know) her since my childhood.6. My parents (go) to bed when I came.7. They (leave) before we returned.8. I (not see) him this month.9. By six o ’clock tomorrow I (finish) my work.

10. She said that she (be) ill since we last (meet).11. You (find) it yesterday?

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12. I sit here till he (com e).13. He (mend) your shoes while you wait.14. He will ring us up unless he (forget).15. He opened the door only after I (knock) for the second time.16. I am tired; I (walk) all the morning.17. He (practise) the piano for the last half hour.18. How long you (be) in London now?19. The woman (clean) the room now.20. Betty continually (argue) with people.21. She still (lie) in bed at 11 o ’clock.22. I (want) to eat now.23. Jane (teach) English last year.24. He (design) his first computer while he was still at school.25. Mary (try) to make a pancake for the last hour. She (drop) two

eggs on the floor, and she (throw) one pancake on the ceiling, but she (not make) a good one yet.

Exercise 36. Rewrite the following sentences in the present condi­tional:

1. Will you help me if I need you to?2. If you work hard, you will soon learn English.3. I shall do it if I have more time.4. We shall speak to him if we meet him.5. You will catch the train if you take a taxi.6. If you eat too much, you will be ill.7. If my father gives me some money, I shall buy this novel.8. She will be very pleased if she sees you.9. I shall visit you if you are at home next Sunday.

Id He will be very pleased if you invite him.11. If it is not too cold, we shall go out.12. We shall go to the cinema if my brother comes home early.13. You will find the box if you open the bag.14. If you read that book carefully, you will understand it.15. What will happen if she doesn’t come?16. If I become a stewardess, I shall fly to many different countries.

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17. They will build a new house if they have more money.18. If you choose this bag for her, she will be very pleased with it.19. We shall drive to the seaside if it is fine.20. If you see this film, you will enjoy it.21. If I have more time, I shall write a longer letter.22. You won’t lose your way if you have a map.23. I shall get up early if I wake up in time.24. They will start the match if it stops raining.25. I shall be very sorry if you don’t find your pocket-knife.

Exercise 37. Rewrite the following sentences in the past conditional:

1. If you are good, I will give you a piece of chocolate.2. They will get wet if it rains.3. If it is fine, I will go for a swim.4. I should be pleased if you came.5. If it snowed, I should stay at home.6. You will pass your examination if you work hard.7. You will spoil it if you aren’t careful.8. If I were you, I should go home immediately.9. They would be silly if they didn’t take this opportunity.

10. You will succeed if you do as I tell you.11. He will come if I call him.12. If he wrote to me, I should write to him.13. What will you do if you meet him?14. What would happen if the bridge broke?15. If you go to town, will you buy something for me?16. We shall be pleased if our school wins the match.17. If she were older, she would have more sense.18. If dinner is not ready, I shall go without it.19. If you don’t shut that window, we should catch cold.20. If she were prettier, I should take her out.21. She will listen to her husband if he talks sense.22. You will sleep much better if you don’t drink so much tea.23. Joe would wear that shirt if it suited him.24. If you don’t forget me, I shan’t forget you.25. What would you do if she didn’t come home today?

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Exercise 38. Rewrite the following sentences in the present and past conditional:

1. If I see her, I shall give her a lift.2. You will be ill if you eat all that.3. If you don’t go away, I shall send for the police.4. If you put on the kettle, I shall make the tea.5. If we leave the car here, it won’t be in anybody’s way.6. If Tom plays better, he will win the match.7. If you come late, they won’t let you in.8. If you don’t like this one, I shall bring you another.9. You will look a lot better if you shave more often.

10. If he works more slowly, he won’t make so many mistakes.11. If you leave your glasses there, someone will sit on them.12. If we run out of petrol here, we shall have a long way to walk.13. If you drive more slowly, you won’t have so many accidents.14. Nobody will recognize you if you wear a false beard.15. If you leave the fish here, the cat will get it.16. If anyone attacks me, my dog will jump at his throat.17. He will answer the phone if he is in.18. If you look at the engine for a moment, you will see what is miss­

ing.19. If you put some mustard into the sandwiches, they will taste bet­

ter.20. If I find your passport, I shall telephone you at once.21. Someone will steal your car if you leave it unlocked.22. What will happen if we miss the bus?23. It will be better if they d on’t come.24. Will you do it for me if I ask you?25. What will you do if you have a high temperature?

Exercise 39. Put the verbs in brackets into the most appropriate form:

1. If you (see) Jane, ask her to ring me.2. I will look for your book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

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3. If you (feel) too hot during the night, turn down the central heating.

4. I would tell him the truth if I (be) you.5. You (like) to come with us? There is plenty of room in the car.6. If my father were here, he (know) what to do.7. I hate my job. - If you hate it, why you (not change) it?8. If you (not want) a full breakfast, you can ask for a continental

breakfast.9. If you (hear) from her, could you please let me know?

10. If you (pay) me today, I shall have enough money for the tickets.

11. If I get a work permit, I (stay) for another six months.12. Why should I go on a diet? - If you (go) on a diet, you (lose)

weight.13. If I (work) all night, I (finish) in time; but I have no intention of

working all night.14. If I (see) a tiger walking across Hyde Park, I (climb) a tree. -

That (not be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you.15. I lose everything. If I (buy) a season ticket, I (lose) it too.16. Why don ’t you get a cat? If you (keep) a cat, the mice (not run)

about everywhere.17. We got lost. If we (had) a map, we (be) all right.18. Why didn’t you say that you were short of money? If I (know) I

(lend) you some.19. If you had been there, what you (do)?20. There was no phone in the village. If there (be), of course we

(phone) from there.

Exercise 40. Complete these sentences by adding an if-clause:

1. I shall be very glad . . .2. He will come to the evening-party to n ig h t . . .3. I should go there immediately . . .4. He would be angry . . . .5. I should have gone for a walk . . .6. I shouldn’t have been angry . . .7. You will reach the top in an hour . . .

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8. They would play football . . .9. 1 should have lent you my book . . . .

10. He would have died . . .11. We should miss the train . . . .12. He will sell his old car . . . .13. She will tell you about the accident . . .14. We shall help you with your work . . . .15. You will be there in time . . . .16. I should paint this wonderful view . . .17. I should fly away . . . .18. 1 should have a swim . . .19. She would have been happy . . . .20. I should have run away . . .21. What will happen . . .?22. Will they do it for me . . .?23. What would happen . . .?24. Would you be glad . . .?25. What would have happened . . .?

Exercise 41. Complete these sentences by adding a main clause:

1. If I had known that, . . . .2. If you had left earlier, . . . .3. If they return soon.............4. If it snows to m o rro w ,. . . .5. If you run fast, . . .6. If you had read the article, . . . .7. If I hadn’t told him, . . .8. If she were here now.............9. If I were hungry.............

10. If you had waited a little.............11. If they hadn’t lived so far from my place.............12. If I had a dictionary.............13. If she lived in Hungary.............14. If you hadn’t driven your car so fast, . . . .15. If I didn’t know him.............

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16. If the holiday had been lo n g e r , . . . .17. If you had kept your eyes o p e n , . . . .18. If there had been no noise, . . . .19. If it doesn’t r a i n , . . . .20. If I had a headache, . . . .21. If you had been in my place, . . .?22. If you had taken my advice, . . . .23. If you are worse tomorrow, . . . .24. If I had had a car, . . . .25. If this one doesn’t fit you, . . . .

Exercise 42. Finish these sentences, using the correct tenses:

1. If you ate less, . . .2. He would lend it to you if . . . .3. If you practised more, . . .4. You would have been angry if . . . .5. If there isn’t enough wine in that bottle, . . .6. If you had checked the petrol before we s ta r te d , . . . .7. If we leave before breakfast, . . . .8. If the storm becomes w o rs e , . . . .9. I should have brought my coat if . . . .

10. You will have to go to the dentist if . . . .11. If the telephone rings while I am in my bath, . . . .12. Take him to the police station if . . . .13. He will go home next week if . . . .14. If he goes to New York next month, . . .15. We shall eat at the Chinese restaurant i f . . .16. I shouldn’t like Mary if . . .17. If someone stole my car, . . . .18. I should have done it alone if . . . .19. I should hide under the bed if . . . .20. If the hotel is fully booked .............21. If you wanted to earn more, . . . .22. If all the shops had been closed, . . . .23. We shall miss the bus if . . . .24. You will cut your foot if . . .25. I should have taken a photograph of her if . . . .

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Auxiliary Verbs

Exercise 43. Fill the spaces in the following sentences, using can for present, could for past, and shall/will be able to for future:

1. When the fog lifts we . . . see where we are.2. . . . you stand on your head? - I . . . when I was at school.3. When 1 first went to England I . . . read English but I . . . not

speak it.4. I am locked in. I . . . not get out!5. He . . . play chess when he was young.6. We . . . speak Finnish soon.7. My father . . . help me when he comes home.8. We . . . do this exercise next week.9. She . . . cook very well.

10. 1 . . . meet her whenever I liked.11. . . . you lift this box?12. . . . you speak Chinese three years ago?13. Her daughter. . . play the piano quite beautifully.14. She was so weak that she . . . not lift her head.15. I . . . not tell stories, never . . .16. 1 shall help you if I . . .17. 1 . . . do it if you help me.18. She said she . . . smell something burning.19. We . . . go swimming when it is warmer.20. You . . . see the sea tomorrow.21. I . . . see the park from my window.22. We . . . buy a new car next year.23. I . . . not spell his name.24. I . . . learn all these words tomorrow afternoon.25. We . . . go home every week.

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Exercise 44. Fill the spaces in the following sentences, using could or was/were able to. (In some of the sentences either could or was/were able to could be used. In others only was/were able to is possible.)

1. I was a long way from the stage. I . . . see all right but I . . . not hear very well.

2. I had no key so I . . . not lock the door.3. At five years old she . . . read quite well.4. 1 was very tired but I . . . reach the shore.5. We . . . not meet them yesterday.6. W h a t . . . you see there?7. We . . . hear nothing.8 . 1 . . . not post the letter yesterday.9. She . . . answer all his questions.

10. We . . . book a room last night.11. They . . . not sell their house.1 2 . 1 . . . find all the mistakes in his letter.13. He . . . read Latin and Greek when he was ten.1 4 . 1 . . . sleep well last night.15. We . . . not arrive in time.16. She . . . not cook when she was twenty.17. I . . . fill in the form.18. 1 . . . dance with her too.19. He . . . not repair his bicycle.20. He . . . play chess when he was young.21. My brother . . . find a good answer whenever I asked him a

question.22. We . . . see the sea from the top of the hill.23. We . . . not understand when he spoke so quickly.24. 1 . . . not pay the milkman last month.25. They . . . spend two weeks in London.

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Exercise 45. Use must not or need not to fill the spaces in the fol­lowing sentences:

1. You . . . play with matches.2. Visitors . . . feed this animal.3. You . . . ring the bell; I’ve got a key.4. You . . . drive fast; we have plenty of time.5. You . . . forget to post these letters.6. You . . . smoke in the kitchen.7. You . . . make your bed. I will do it.8. You . . . look under the bed. There isn’t anybody there.9. We . . . climb any higher; we can see very well from here.

10. You . . . ask a woman her age.11. You . . . drive fast; there is a speed limit here.12. You . . . write to her for she will be here tomorrow.13. We . . . make any noise or we’ll wake the baby.14. You . . . bring an umbrella. It isn’t going to rain.15. You . . . do all the exercise. Fifteen sentences will be enough.16. You . . . turn on the light; I can see quite well.17. You . . . strike a match; the room is full of gas.18. You . . . make any more sandwiches; we have plenty now.19. You . . . put salt in any of his dishes. Salt is very bad for him.20. You . . . take anything out of a shop without paying for it.21. You . . . carry the parcel home yourself; the shop will send it.22. You . . . clean the windows. The window-cleaner is coming to­

morrow.23. I . . . go to the shops today. There is plenty of food in the house.24. You have given me too much. - You . . . eat it all.25. You . . . enter this hall.

Exercise 46. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences by inserting must or the present, past, or future form of have to:

1. Whenever the dog wants to go out, I . . . get up and open the door.

2. My friend . . . practise the piano for three hours a day.

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3. The buses were all full; we . . . get a taxi.4. He . . . leave home at 6 every morning at present.5. I see very badly; 1 . . . wear glasses all the time.6. You . . . read this book. It’s really excellent.7. He felt ill and . . . leave early.8. I . . . cook my own meals. My wife is away.9. We hadn’t enough money and we . . . pay by cheque.

10. You . . . come to work in time.11. You . . . clean your own shoes when you are in the army.12. When you say good-bye to her, you . . . take off your cap.13. 1 got lost and . . . ask a policeman the way.14. Farmers . . . get up early.15. If you buy that television-set, you . . . buy a licence for it.16. When I changed my job, we . . . move to another flat.17. You . . . pay me back before Christmas.18. We . . . change our clothes for dinner.19. You . . . do the whole exercise again.20. We . . . finish it by today.21. You . . . answer at once.22. You . . . wait for me tomorrow.23. We . . . fill in the visa form as quickly as possible.24. You . . . leave home very early tomorrow.25. 1 . . . help my parents yesterday.

Exercise 47. Read the following sentences and analyse the meanings of the auxiliary verbs:

1. I could go home whenever I wanted.2. May I come to see you sometimes?3. I won’t do what you tell me.4. Might I borrow your pencil a moment?5. If you would lend me the book, I should read it with pleasure.6. One must have a rest after a day of hard work.7. Do you have to get up early every morning?8. Could you believe that?9. He couldn’t take his eyes off her.

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10. He told us we might come.11. You shall stay here till I come back.12. Shut the window, will you?13. Shall I order a taxi?14. We may as well stop working.15. I told you I wouldn’t give you an answer till tomorrow.16. If you should happen to see him, tell him to expect me this even-

ing about six.17. You mustn’t think it is so very easy.18. You needn’t have carried all these parcels yourself.19. He shouldn’t have said it.20. Can it be true?21. You can keep the change.22. Could you bring me some water?23. Will you take a seat, please.24. You ought to have worked harder.25. He said that I wasn’t to leave the house.

Exercise 48. Use the correct form of can, may or must:

1. You . . . read it again tomorrow, (must)2. She . . . understand what you said, (can)3. You . . . buy a new ball tomorrow, (may)4. I wish I . . . solve it. (can)5. I wish you . . . stay with us. (may)6. He would sell it if he . . . . (can)7. He would have done it if he . . . . (can)8. You . . . get home early if you took a bus. (can)9. You . . . (get) home early if you had taken a bus. (can)

10. You . . . (help) him with his work, (may)11. We didn’t do it. We . . . do it. (must)12. Why did you take your coat off? You . . . (catch) a bad cold,

(may)13. He said that he . . . buy the car. (can)14. He asked if he . . . leave the door open, (may)15. T ha t’s impossible. They . . . (get) married, (can)

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16. She . . . (hurt). But she wasn’t hurt, (may)17. This house . . . (build) many years ago. (must)18. If 1 . . . stay here, I should have been very sad. (must)19. I . . . finish cleaning the room by the time the guests arrived,

(can)20. He said we . . . go to school on Saturday too. (must)21. 1 . . . work a lot for the last month, (must)22. By when . . . you . . . repair my watch? (can)23. Nobody . . . enter his room since then, (may)24. She won’t come with us. She said she . . . come with us. (may)25. He wanted to know if I... speak to her for the last month, (can)

(D on’t forget to put to where necessary before the infinitives.)

Exercise 49. Use the perfect infinitive of the verb in brackets with asuitable auxiliary verb:

1. I heard the phone ringing in the flat above yours. - You (not hear) their phone ringing. They haven’t got a phone.

2. I left my car here under the No-Parking sign; and now it's gone. It (be) stolen! - Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away.

3. I've never seen a London policeman. - You (see) one! You've been in London a week already.

4. I've written to Paul. - You (not write). He's coming here tomorrow.

5. Why are you so late? You (be) here two hours ago!6. I went with him to show him the way. - You (not do) that. He

knows the way.7. I bought a piano at Harrods last Sunday. - You (not buy) it on

Sunday. I larrods is shut on Sundays. *8. 1 wonder who carried the piano upstairs. I suppose it was Paul.

- Paul (not carry) it by himself. Someone (help) him.9. What do you think caused the plane to crash? - Who knows. It

(blow) up. Someone (plant) a bomb on board before take-off, or one of the passengers (have) explosives with him.

10. Or someone (try) to hijack the plane. And there (be) a fight during which the plane crashed.

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12. He walked from London to Cambridge in three hours. - He (not do) it in that time! Someone (give) him a lift.

13. I had to walk home yesterday; I had no money for my fare. - You (tell) me! 1 (lend) you the money!

14. Fortunately the teapot didn’t hit anyone, but you (not throw) it out of the window. You (kill) someone.

15. Look at this beautiful painting! Only a great artist (paint) such a p icture!-N onsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut.

Exercise 50. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences by usingmust, can % couldn 7 or needn 7 with the perfect infinitive of the verbin brackets:

1. I’ve sent for a doctor. - You . . . (send) for him. I’m perfectly well.

2. 1 saw your friend in the library yesterday. - You . . . (see) him; he’s still abroad.

3. Did you hear me come in last night? - No, I . . . (be) asleep.4. H e’s back already. - He . . . (start) very early.5. I’ve opened another b o t t le . -Y o u . . . (do) that. W e’ve only just

started this one.6. This carpet was made entirely by hand. - It . . . (take) a long

time.7. I wonder who broke the wineglass; i t . . . (be) the cat for she was

out all day.8. I had my umbrella w'hen I came out but I haven’t got it now. -

You . . . (leave) it on the bus.9. I saw a snake yesterday. - You . . . (see) a snake. There aren't

any snakes in this country.10. I phoned you at nine this morning but got no answer. - I’m

sorry. I . . . (be) in the garden.11. I’ve just watered the roses. - You . . . (water) them. Look, it’s

raining now.12. The door was open. - I t . . . (be) open. I had locked it myself.13. He returned home with a tiger. - His wife . . . (be) very pleased

about that.

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14. I bought two bottles of milk. - You . . . (buy) milk; we have heaps in the house.

15. I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right! - H e . . . . (understand) you.

Exercise 51. Rewrite these sentences with the verb wish according to the patterns:

a) I don’t know his address.1 wish I knew his address.

b) 1 know him.1 wish I didn’t know him.

1. She is not a good pupil.2. He is ill.3. They don’t live in this town.4. She doesn’t come home every day.5. I can’t cook.6. He likes drinking.7. He drives very fast.8. He plays football.9. She doesn’t like reading.

10.1 can’t sleep well.11. He doesn’t study English.12. We have no car.13 .1 have a headache.14. She doesn't agree with me.15. 1 forget everything.16. He wears my hat.17. He hates me.18. He asks me difficult questions.19. He doesn’t arrive home in time.20. He doesn’t collect stamps.21. He gets home late.22. She doesn’t help me.23. He doesn’t speak Hungarian.

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24. They work at home.25. He uses my car.

Exercise 52. Rewrite these sentences with the verb wish according to the patterns:

a) I didn’t buy it/I haven’t bought it.I wish I had bought it.

b) I got up early.I wish I hadn’t got up early.

1. He has gone abroad.2. We missed the bus.3. I didn’t catch the train.4. I hurt him.5. He didn’t receive my letter.6. I spent all my money.7. He woke the baby.8. She didn’t notice me.9. He has changed his mind.

10. I cut my face.11. They refused the gift.12. He broke his leg.13. He didn’t mend my shoes.14. She has thrown the bottle out.15. He didn’t stop smoking.16. I didn’t arrive in time.17. 1 forgot to post the letter.18. I didn’t know the answer.19. 1 didn’t speak to him.20. I didn’t wash my shirt.21. I couldn’t understand the text. (I wish I could + Perfect Inf. . .)22. We couldn’t have a rest.23. He couldn’t pass the examination.24. I couldn’t hear his name.25. I couldn’t help my father.

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The Passive Voice

Exercise 53. Turn the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. They left me at home.2. They gave Joe a new bicycle for his birthday.3. They took the child to the cinema.4. Somebody stopped the train.5. Somebody opened the door of my room.6. Nobody sent an English letter to me.7. Nobody saw him in the street.8. The doctor will examine you.9. They will take the boy to the theatre.

10. One uses chalk for writing on the blackboard.11. People speak English in many different parts of the world.12. They built this hospital two years ago.13. Does anyone play football in Japan?14. People don’t play cricket in winter in England.15. The waitress brought in the coffee.16. They didn’t invite us to the birthday party.17. People will forgét it soon.18. We shall finish this work in time.19. Buses take them home in the evening.20. Did they leave the dog in the garden?21. They ate up all the cakes yesterday.22. They will hand in the homework tomorrow.23. Someone will ask her about it.24. They make cars and bicycles in this town.25. He promised me a book.

Exercise 54. Change the following sentences from active into passive:

1. They were looking for the key.2. Somebody was waiting for you.3. They are building a new house.4. The waiter is bringing the menu.

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5. Somebody has left the door open.6. Have you ironed your dress yet?7. They had set all the things right by the time I got back.8. She had baked the cakes by dinner-time.9. They will have packed all the things by then.

10. The doctor will have examined the children by noon.11. The dentist is filling his tooth.12. She was washing the baby.13. She gave Tom an interesting novel.14. They showed the lady the way to the station.15. We turn on the light when it is dark.16. Many people read this newspaper.17. They will meet you at the station.18. They will look after the dog well.19. Bad weather has put off our trip.20. Who has given you this book?21. They made fun of him.22. They didn’t take any notice of us.23. We lost sight of the boat.24. Who took care of little Jim?25. Who discovered the South Pole?

Exercise 55. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense in the passive. Where there is more than one possibility, explain each use:

1. My friend (examine) now.2. You (serve)?3. The door (lock) every night.4. Great Britain (divide) into counties.5. He (knock) down by a car a few days ago.6. The play „Ham let” (write) about 1600.7. These windows (clean) yesterday, those (clean) today, and the

others (clean) tomorrow.8. By the time you arrive at the hospital, he already (operate) on.9. Several pages (tear) out of this book.

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10. If she invites me to her party, I (invite) to three different parties this week.

11. We (tell) that Mr Smith (injure).12. When I drove to Exeter the other day, the road just (repair).13. His purse (lose) for four days when I finally found it.14. We arrived late, as we (hold up) by the traffic.15. If the job already (start), it (finish) by tonight.16. If you don’t behave better, you (send) away from the school.17. We (meet) at the station by our parents.18. Mr Brown left the town two weeks ago and he (not see) again

since.19. If you took your car to the garage today, it (repair) by Monday.20. The doctor told us the man (kill) the night before.21. The gardener realized that his carrots (eat) by mice.22. The bottles (fill) with milk.23. Joe said the books (fetch) the next day.24. Mary said the truth soon (know).25. He didn’t say that the car (steal).

Exercise 56. Turn the following sentences into the active voice.Where no agent is mentioned, one must be supplied:

1. Evening dress will be worn.2. The house where the dead man was found is being guarded by

the police.3. Why wasn’t the car either locked or put into the garage?4. It is being said that too little money is being spent by the govern­

ment on roads.5. For a long time the earth was believed to be flat.6. This book hasn’t been read. The pages haven’t been cut.7. The stones were thrown by a student, who was afterwards led

away by the police.8. The referee was being escorted from the football field by a

strong police guard.9. He was brought up by his grandparents.

10. It has been taken over by a new company.

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11. These books have been found in the classroom.12. The light was left on all night.13. His work hadn’t been finished by then.14. Has the light been turned off?15. This museum is visited by thousands of people every year.16. She was promised a new dress.17. The children were left at home.18. Who has the letter been brought by?19. The doctor will be sent for at once.20. You will be told everything about it.21. The text is being typed.22. You were being waited for all the afternoon.23. This book is often asked for by students.24. Each student was spoken to.25. Only a few points will be touched upon.

Exercise 57. Put into the passive:

1. Everyone can see the film soon.2. You must answer all the questions on the paper.3. They can reach the town by midnight.4. Someone must look after the baby.5. Could they do it before next week?6. You mustn’t use this blade.7. May 1 take the pencils away?8. You can’t describe it.9. People may borrow books from the library for a fortnight.

10. You may allow the children to go for a walk.11. You should look all these words up in a dictionary.12. They will have to put off the meeting till later in the week.13. They would punish him if he told lies.14. You ought to help them.15. One cannot do it so quickly.16. 1 wish they could have found it.17. They might have killed you.18. They can’t have discovered it.

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19. They would have given you more money if you had worked harder.

20. They couldn’t have opened the door.21. You shouldn’t have laughed at her.22. They ought to have pointed that out to me at the very beginning.23. You needn’t have waited for us.24. You really might have done it long ago.25. They must have paid attention to him.

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Sequence of Tenses; Direct/Indirect Speech

Exercise 58. Put the following sentences into the indirect speech form; introduce them with He says, He has told me, He will tell me or any other suitable verb in one of the present or future tenses:

1. I want to speak to you.2. We have finished our work.3. I am very late.4. I have been shopping all the morning.5. She has written me a long letter.6. They are waiting outside.7. She is ready to help us.8. He has done his homework well.9. I met him last year.

10. I have just been to the butcher’s.11. We haven’t heard the news.12. They will be here soon.13. I can come next week.14. I will leave the book on the table.15. I will talk to her mother as soon as I can.16. I have never been here before.17. He hasn’t done his homework.18. I was very ill yesterday.19. My father lives in Oxford.20. This pen isn’t mine.21. What have you done.today?22. We are living in another house now.23. He is sitting over there.24. Last year he visited us in Budapest.25. He liked Hungary very much.

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Exercise 59. Put the following sentences into the indirect speech form; introduce them with He said, He told me or any other suitable verb in one of the past tenses:

1. They went away last month.2. They will be coming back soon.3. They must return to London next week.4. I am free tonight.5. You don’t work hard enough.6. He arrived in Hungary last week.7. We shall see you at your place tomorrow.8. I feel ill today.9. He is going to become a doctor.

10. I buy several newspapers every day.11. She is an excellent cook.12. We learnt all this a long time ago.13. He has studied here for two years.14. They aren’t dancing now.15. It was snowing hard when I got up this morning.16. I shall come if I am free.17. I should come if I were free.18. I should have come if I had been free.19. I was sleeping when they opened the door.20. Actions speak louder than words.21. This school was built in 1950.22. I couldn’t find them at home.23. We had to get up very early yesterday.24. You may go away.25. I wasn’t allowed to stay with them.

Exercise 60. Put the following questions into indirect speech; intro­duce them with a verb in one of the present or future tenses (e. g. He asks, I don 9t know, I wonder, Vll ask him etc):

1. What is that hotel like?2. Where is the post-office?

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3. How old is that castle?4. What colour is your car?5. What are you drawing now?6. How many English lessons do you have a week?7. What will you do tomorrow afternoon?8. What do you want to become?9. Who has been using my typewriter?

10. How did you get into the house?11. Do you like learning languages?12. Have you ever been abroad?13. Did you sleep well?14. Would you like to go to London?15. Are there any letters for me?16. Did you enjoy the film last night?17. Who do you want to speak to?18. Why were you laughing when you saw him?19. What would you do if you had more time?20. What are you repairing?21. Have you seen this play?22. What were you doing at nine last night?23 How long are you going to stay in the countrv ?24. Will you be angry with me?25. Could you change £1?

Exercise 61. Put the following questions into indirect speech, intro ducing them with a verb in one of the past tenses:

1. Who do you want to speak to?2. How long does it take to get to Edinburgh by coach?3. How much do you think it will cost?4. Who did you give the money to?5. How long have you been learning German?6. Do you want to see the museum?7. Would you like to come with us?8. Is this seat taken?9. ( 'an you tell me why he left university?

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10. Will it be all right if I come in a little later tonight?11. Where can I park my car?12. Would you like a lift?13. Which way are you going?14. What are you going to do with your old car?15. Does anyone want tickets for the boxing match?16. Do you grow your own vegetables?17. What train are you going to get?18. How many sleeping pills have you taken?19. Have you seen my new hat?20. Will the taxi be here at 10 o ’clock?21. Did you have to wait for her?22. Were you allowed to read the letter?23. Were you able to find them?24. What would happen if you didn’t meet him?

Exercise 62. Put the following into indirect speech, with the introduc­ing verbs in the past tense:

1. Where do you live?2. Have you been to town today?3. It is cold in here.4. Do you think it will rain?5. Where shall we be tomorrow?6. I must write some letters now.7. My watch has stopped.8. Can you tell me where I can find Mr Smith?9. Do you know the way to the station?

10. The dog has eaten the meat.11. You are late home. What have you been doing?12. I have read this book before. Have you got something else I can

read?13. May I take an apple? They look so nice.14. Where did you leave your coat?15. Why didn’t you get up earlier?16. Have you always lived in that place?

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17. Did you answer all the questions?18. Will they let us know tomorrow?19. May I use your telephone?20. Are you enjoying yourself?21. I am sorry I can’t finish it at once.22. You must go home at once.23. They had to go away last month.24. I don’t know what he will say.25. It is the first time I have been in this town.

Exercise 63. Change the following from indirect to direct speech:

1. I said I would spend my summer in a little fishing village.2. Everybody wondered why Jim had failed the exam.3. I asked them what they were going to do.4. I wonder if you have ever travelled by plane.5. I don’t know where he lives and I wonder how much time it

takes him to get to the college.6. I’d like to know when she usually does her homework, if she

does her homework in the morning or in the evening.7. He said he had arrived the day before.8. She said she had studied there for three years.9. They wrote to us that they would pass through Budapest the fol­

lowing week.10. She told me she hoped I hadn’t forgotten that there would be a

welcome party that night.11. I asked her when we should have dinner.12. I wondered why you had chosen this hat.13. I asked him if he was translating an article and he said he was.14. He asked me if I had broken his cup ant I said I hadn’t.15. They asked us if we would join them and we said we would.16. He said that he had been fishing all day yesterday.17. I wondered if they had arrived already.18. He asked if I loved you and I said I did.19. He asked if I would have done it if I had had more time.20. He said he would help me if he could.

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21. He asked if I knew when the train would leave.22. I thought we should go on an outing to the mountains next week

ifit was fine.23. I asked why she had had to stay at home.24. The teacher asked if we had been able to translate the sen­

tences.25. She wanted to know if Jim had been allowed to come with us.

Exercise 64. Change the following direct commands into indirect commands according to the patterns:

a) “Brush your hair.”He told me to brush my hair.

b) “D on’t touch that switch, Joe .”He told Joe not to touch that switch.

1. D on’t read in bad light, boys.2. Put some coal on the fire.3. D on’t be afraid.4. Sit down, children.5. D on’t drop the watch, Tom.6. Clean the blackboard, Peter.7. D on’t speak until you are spoken to.8. D on’t believe everything you hear.9. Fill in this form, Mary.

10. D on’t hurry.11. Please do as I say.12. Do whatever you like.13. D on’t miss your train, boys.14. Read the form before you sign it.15. D on’t drive too fast.16. Cook it in butter.17. D on’t argue with me, Charlie.18. Make a list of what you want, Eve.19. See if you can find any eggs.20. Think carefully before you answer.

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21. Please help me to mend the fuse.22. Translate the first 20 lines.23. Please pass the salt.24. D on’t bathe here, children.25. Meet me here at the same time tomorrow.

Exercise 65. Put the following sentences into indirect speech ac­cording to the patterns:

a) I must go now.He said he had to go at once.

b) I needn’t go yet.He said he didn’t have to go.

c) I mustn’t go there.He said he wasn’t to go there.

Note that “must” as a true present will change to past.

1. You mustn’t open the windows.2. I needn’t clean this room.3. I must find my English book.4. You needn’t ask him for a pen.5. You mustn’t buy this old car.6. You must dance with her.7. You mustn’t eat this apple.8. She needn’t come back yet.9. You mustn’t look at her.

10. You must leave the luggage here.11. You needn’t read this page.12. We must return now.13. You mustn’t show this photo to her.14. You needn’t turn the radio off.15. You must tell me the truth.16. You needn’t wait for them.17. You mustn’t choose this one.18. I must fill in this form.

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19. You needn’t cut the potatoes into pieces.20. We mustn’t follow him.

Exercise 66. Put these sentences into indirect speech according to the patterns:

a) I must go again on Monday.He said he would have to go again on Monday.

b) I needn't do it again next week.He said he wouldn't have to do it again the following week.

c) I mustn't go again on Monday.He said he wasn't to go again on Monday.

Note that “must” as future (= shall/will have to) changes to should/ would have to.

1. You needn't meet me here tomorrow.2. I must help my parents on Saturday.3. You mustn't miss your train tomorrow morning.4. We must buy a new car next year.5. You mustn't go alone at the weekend.6. You mustn't climb in through the window again.7. You must wait for me at the bridge tomorrow evening.8. You mustn't forget your sandwiches.9. 1 must be at the docks at six p. m. tomorrow.

10. 1 must go to the dentist tomorrow.11. You must work harder next term.12. We needn't get up till nine tomorrow.13. You needn’t come in tomorrow.14. They must return to London next Tuesday.15. We needn't come to school next Monday.16. You needn't work in the garden tomorrow afternoon.17. We must help them next week.18. You needn’t pay for what you eat and drink on Monday.19. You m ustn’t use my car next Sunday.20. 1 must iron my shirt tomorrow morning.

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Exercise 67. Put the following questions into indirect speech accord­ing to the patterns:

a) Shall we ever know the answer? (Pure Future Time)He wondered if he would ever know the answer.

b) Shall I open the window? (Request)He asked if he should open the window.

1. Shall I write it again?2. Shall 1 be able to hear what she is saying?3. Shall I call for you?4. Shall we have time to finish?5. Shall 1 send the money to you by post?6. Shall I help you pack?7. Shall I like the concert?8. Shall I leave the camera in the car?9. Shall I live to be a hundred?

10. Shall I be in your way?11. Shall 1 ask the policeman how to get there ?12. Shall I hurry on and get the tickets?13. Shall 1 ask him for a pencil?14. Shall I give the key to you?15. Shall we live in this town?16. Shall we miss the train?17. Shall we post these letters?18. Shall I examine you?19. Shall I iron your skirt?20. Shall I be ill?

Exercise 68. Put the following into indirect speech according to the patterns:

If you go out, leave the key under the mat.a) He told me to leave the key under the mat if I went out.b) He said that if I went out I was to/should leave the key under

the mat.

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Note that was to expresses a definite command; should implies advice.

1. If it gets cold, give him another blanket.2. If he arrives before I get back, give him something to eat.3. When you are at the butcher’s, remember to get a bone for the

dog.4. If anyone rings up, say that Til be back shortly.5. When you are driving, always look in your driving mirror before

turning left.6. If you think the room is cold, shut the windows.7. If you feel lonely any time, ring me up.8. If I am not back by this time tomorow, take this letter to the

police.9. When you see the headmaster, don’t forget to greet him.

10. When you get home, take the meat out of the oven.11. When you hear (he fire alarm, shut all the windows and go

downstairs as quickly as possible.12. If he gets worse, send for the doctor.13. If she is thirsty, give her something to drink.14. When you are at home, help your mother clean the rooms.15. If you find the money, give it back to him.16. When you are in London, don't forget to visit the British Mu­

seum.17. If you meet him, tell him not to wait for me.18. When you sweep the floor, open all the windows.19. If you drink, don’t drive.20. If you drive, don’t drink.

Exercise 69. Rewrite the following sentences according to the pat­terns:

a) "W hat!How about going by car?" he said.He suggested going by car.

b) "W hy don't you ask the headmaster?” I said.I advised him to ask the headmaster.

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c) "Could I have a cup of coffee?” she said.She asked (me) for a cup of coffee.

d) ”W ould you m ind waiting?” he said.He asked me to wait. (Or: He asked if I would mind waiting.)

e) (<W ouldyou like a drink?” he said.He offered me a drink.

1. Would you mind getting out of the car?2. Could you sign the book, please?3. Why don’t you go to the dentist?4. Would you like a cup of tea?5. What about going to that place she is always talking about?6. Could you give me a lift to the next village?7. Why don’t you take all this foreign money to the bank and get it

changed?8. Would you like a cigarette?9. Would you like another pencil?

10. Why don’t you wake him up and ask him who he is?11. Could you wait a few minutes?12. Would you mind taking off your hat?13. Could I have your name and address, please?14. Could you help me with my luggage, please?15. Could you do without me today, Mr Trim? (An ordinary

question!)

Exercise 70. Compare the following pairs of sentences and comment on the use of verb forms in italics:

1. ”My father is ill.”She told me this morning that her father is ill. (He is still ill.)

2. ”1 never get up early.”He said that he never gets up early.

3. ”The earth moves round the sun.”The teacher told his pupils that the earth moves round the sun.

4. ” I’m playing football this afternoon.”He said he is playing football this afternoon.

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5. "1 was in Budapest yesterday."She told me that she was in Budapest yesterday.

6. "I was born in 1966."She said that she was born in 1966.

7. "We weren't at home when the postman came."He said that they weren't at home when the postman came.

8. "When I saw her last, she was playing tennis."He said that when he saw her last she was playing tennis. But also: He said that when he had seen her last she had been playing tennis.

9. "If 1 had time, I should go with you."He said that if he had time he would come with us.

10. "1 wish I were there."She said that she wished she were there.

11. "I’d rather you went."He said that he’d rather 1 went.

12. "It's time we went home."He said that it was time they went home.

13. "I would help you if I could."He said that he would help me if he could.

14. "1 ought to do it."She said that she ought to do it.

15. "We must work hard."He said that they must work hard.

Exercise 71. Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate tenses, observ ing the rules of the sequence of tenses:

1. He said that he (leave) town on the following day.2. He promised that he (bring) us all the necessary books.3. He did it better than I (expect) he (will).4. I didn’t know that you already (receive) the letter.5. The boy didn’t know that water (boil) at 100 °C.6. Tom noticed that she (cry).7. She asked me whether Joe (be) in class the next day.8. 1 wondered why he (do) it.

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9. We know that this word (be) rarely used nowadays.10. She has just told me that she (not like) modern music.11. He has just said that she (not be) at home tomorrow.12. I thought he (be) asleep.13. He asked if I (know) when the train (leave).14. He wrote that he (be) very ill for five days.15. I asked him how long they (wait) for the bus.16. I thought we (go) out to the mountains next week ifit (be) fine.17. He asked if 1 (help) him if he (ask) me to.IS. He said that he (repair) my watch by tomorrow.19. When the teacher asked me why 1 (not do) the homework, 1 told

him that I (be) ill all week.20. He wrote that he (bring) me both books on Monday, but he (not

bring) them yet.21. He said it (be) high time 1 (pass) my test.22. She said that if 1 (see) her father I (recognize) him at once.23. He said that their house (build) in 1910.24. He said he (wish) he (have) his own car.25. She said that she (must stay) at home.

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THE VERBALS

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Excrcise 72. Insert the particle to before the infinitives where neces­sary:

1. I saw them . . . walk to school.2. He made me . . . do it all over again.3. He came to the city . . . work on a building site.4. Joe was the l a s t . . . make his report.5. What made her . . . cry?6. You may . . . take the map.7. You needn’t . . . change the speed.8. You o u g h t . . . know how . . . spell this word.9. He asked me . . . let him . . . start the machine.

10. We had better . . . stop . . . rest a little.11. We must . . . go to the country.12. The children watched the plane . . . take off.13. I would rather . . . stay here.14. He was made . . . clean her shoes.15. Make them . . . run faster.16. The weather seemed . . . be getting worse.17. He wants . . . see you.18. We invited him . . . sit down with us.19. Didn’t you hear him . . . speak English?20. She was heard . . . repeat his name several times.2 1. Why n o t . . . take care of his children?22. Let me . . . live in peace.23. He was too i l l . . . really carry out his duty.24. 1 used . . . live in a caravan.25. How dare you . . . open my letters!

Exercise 73. Complete the following sentences by adding suitable in­finitive phrases:

1. It is im p o r tan t . . . .2. It wasn’t necessary for you . . . .3. It would be worse . . . .4. It was very difficult. . .

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5. It is good . . . .6. It is possible . . .7. It is very bad . . . .8. It was a pleasure . . . .9. It would have been much better . . .

10. It is impossible . . . .11. It was a great joy . . .12. It was fun . . .13. It pleased me . . .14. It will be easy . . . .15. It is useless . . . .16. It is a sad thing . . .17. It would be a luxury . . .18. It wasn’t kind of you . . .19. It would be foolish of you . . .20. It would be no use for you . . .21. Was it clever of you . . .?22. Did it shock you . . .?23. W ouldn’t it be nice of him . . .?24. Was it polite of you . . .?25. Did it take you a long time . . .?

Exercise 74, Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence according to the patterns:

a) It is very cold. We can’t bathe.It is too cold to bathe .

b) I am very rich. I could buy this big house.I am rich enough to buy this hig house.

1. It is very cold. We can’t go out.2. I am rather old. I can’t wear that kind of hat.3. The fire isn’t very hot. It won’t boil a kettle.4. He is very ill. He can’t eat anything.5. The floor wasn’t strong. We couldn’t dance on it. (Omit ”it’\ )6. The coffee isn't strong. It won’t keep us awake.

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7. It was rather cloudy. We couldn’t see the castle properly.8. The oranges were very hitter. We couldn't eat them. (See No.

5.)9. It was very dark. We couldn’t see the signpost.

10. Our mice are very clever. They can’t be caught in traps.11. Iam quite old. I could be your father.12. The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. (See No. 5.)13. It is very cold. We can’t have breakfast in the garden.14. You aren't very old. You can’t understand these things.15. This book is very difficult. I can't read it. (See No. 5.)16. She came very late. She couldn’t hear his lecture.17. You are quite clever. You can do it by yourself.18. You are quite old now. You can have a watch.19. It is very big. It won’t go into my pocket.20. This mountain is very high. We can’t climb it. (See No. 5.)21. The news is very good. It can't be true.22. I am very tired. I can sleep all night.23. Are you very tall? Can you reach that apple?24. I am very rich. I can pay the bill.25. This carpet is quite big. It will cover the whole floor.

Exercise 75. Complete the following sentences with suitable infinitive phrases:

1. 1 haven’t heard anyone . . .2. He made me . . .3. I will try to get him . . .4. Then I asked him . . .5. I will let them . . .6. Let no one . . .7. Tell them not . . .8. I saw Jim . . . .9. We know you . . .

10. Everybody expected her . . .11. I didn’t advise you . . .12. He recommended us . . .

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13.1 can't bear you . . .14. He ordered the children . . . .15. The noise caused him . . . .16. Ask him . . . .17. What made you . . .?18. I warn you not . . . .19. Joe wants his brother not . . .20. She won't allow her husband . . .21. Did you watch him . . . ?22. They supposed me . . . .23. Would you help me . . .?24. Have you ever known him . . .?25. Observe the man . . . .

Exercise 76. Complete these sentences by adding suitable gerundial phrases:

1. . . . is very pleasant.2. . . . is good for us.3. . . . makes you fat.4. . . . is useless.5. . . . is no good.6. It wouldn’t be any good . . . .7. It is worth . . . .8. It is no use . . . .9. What a bore . . .!

10. How annoying . . .!11. . . . is hard work.12. . . . is the work 1 enjoy most.13. It doesn't seem much good . . . .14. It isn't much use . . .15. . . . suits her.16. What a nuisance . . .!17. . . . is a pleasant way of spending an evening.18. . . . is not his system.19. It isn't much good . . . .

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20. There is no . . .21. . . . was difficult.22. His hobby is . . . .23. My job will be . . . .24. I don’t mind . . . .25. I am thinking of . . . .

Exercise 77. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive):

1. Stop (argue) and start (work).2. He finished (speak) and sat down.3. I wish (see) the manager.4. D on’t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed.5. She prefers (sleep) to (read).6. We are looking forward to (see) you.7. I t’s no use (wait).8. I am beginning (understand) what you mean.9. I suggested (go) home.

10. If you can’t turn the key, try (put) some oil in the lock.11.1 arranged (meet) them here.12. My mother told me (not speak) to strange men.13. I tired (explain) but she refused (listen).14. They don’t allow (smoke) in this theatre.15. You are expected (know) the laws of your own country.16. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?17. The boys like (play) games but hate (sit) in the classroom.18. Is there anything here worth (buy)?19 I don’t enjoy (go) to the dentist.20. Your windows need (clean). Would you like me (do) them for

you?21. I can’t help (sneeze); 1 caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a

draught.22. My watch keeps (stop).23. I don’t feel like (work); what about (go) to a cinema instead?

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24. People used (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.25. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can’t do

anything (help) the people who have (stay) there.

Exercise 78. Change the construction of the sentences using infini­tives or gerunds. Insert prepositions if necessary:

1. He claims that he knows everything.2. She promised that she would be home early.3. 1 forgot that 1 had done it.4. I remember that 1 went there.5. We expect that we shall be back on Saturday.6. 1 regret that 1 gave you so much trouble.7. 1 prefer that we should make use of the tape-recording before

we read the text.8. 1 hope that I will be there.9. We forgot that we had to do it.

10. 1 shall remember that 1 must go there.11. We didn’t claim that we had preserved it undamaged.12. 1 hope I haven’t hurt you.13. The boy decided that he wouldn't become a teacher.14. 1 remember that you reported yourself to the secretary.15. Why do you insist that you should be present there?16. He denied that I had seen him.17. She determined that she would study Italian.18. Nobody objects that they live with us.19. He admitted that he was wrong.20. She objected that we should start so early.21. He quite understood that I disliked it.22. I propose that he shall do the work.23. The doctor insists that 1 should give up smoking.24. I regret that I wasn’t able to see this play.25. 1 was afraid that I might hurt his feelings.

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Exercise 79. Complete the following using infinitives or gerunds as objects. (Where there is more than one possibility, explain each use.)

1. D on’t forget . . .2. I’d like . . . .3. Has he given up . . .?4. Do you like . . .?5. 1 enjoy . . .6. Would you mind . . .?7. He kept on . . . .8. We decided . . . .9. We didn’t want . . . .

10. I can’t afford . . .11. We can’t avoid . . . .12. Excuse . . . .13. Why do you insist on . . .?14. I don’t mind in the least . . .15. I don’t care . . . .16. My shoes need . . .17. She would prefer . . .18. He didn’t want to try . . .19. He means . . . .20. I can’t understand . . . .21. She is thinking o f . . . .22. Your hair wants . . . .23. The children enjoyed . . .24. He stopped . . .25. She began . . . .

Exercise 80. Identify ing-forms as gerunds or participles, stating their functions:

1. Knowing is easier than guessing.2. I heard him talking to himself.3. They were looking at the burning house.4. After having shaken hands they parted.

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5. He felt proud of having been seen in company with his director.6. He stood watching her across the room.7. He stopped smoking.8. On hearing the sound she hurried to the door.9. When reading the book I came across a number of unfamiliar

words.10. People enjoy speaking on the phone and they keep on talking

for hours.11. There is somebody hiding or being hidden in the house.12. Would you mind waiting a moment in the hall?13. Writing quickly tires my hand.14. It is no use discussing it now, we must act.15. She heard the sound of the receiver being replaced.16. What he loves best in the world is playing football.17. The running water carried the boat away.18. Looking out of the window, I saw her passing the house.19. The work being done, we went home.20. The pouring rain prevented my coming home.21. Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read.22. I am surprised at your having done it.23. We learnt of your having been decorated.24. He left without having paid the bill.25. Not having been faced with such difficulties, he was at a loss.

Exercise 81. Replace the sub-clause in the following sentences by participial phrases:

1. Bring me the book which lies there.2. Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if

every one were more careful.3. The child that was left alone in the garden began to scream.4. They were all pleased with the results w'hich were achieved by

the end of the year.5. The students have lots of exams which are held at the end of

each term.6. The man who is repairing my car is very good at his job.

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7. This is the man who wants to speak to you.8. I asked the librarian to show me the magazines which were sent

from England.9. There lay a loaf of brown bread which was divided into two

halves.10. Tennis is one of the most popular games in England which is

played all the year round.11. The car which is standing outside the front door is mine.12. The girl who is arriving at the door now is always late.13. People who do such things are fools.14. It is a house which was built some hundred years ago.15. He was a man who was trusted by everybody.

Exercise 82. Complete the following sentences by adding (present or past) participial phrases:

1. I can't see the woman . . .2. Do you know the actor . . .?3. Who is that lady . . .?4. The book . . . was written by H. G. Wells.5. The man . . . is my uncle.6. He climbed up the big tree . . .7. My friend . . . got a letter from London.8. Help that old man . . . .9. Look at the c a t . . .

10. He will marry the actress . . . .11. Go to the policeman . . .12. The photos . . . are beautiful.13. The bridges . . . have been rebuilt.14. The plays . . . are well-known in Hungary.15. We looked at the children . . .16. This is a house . . .17. He is a teacher . . .18. We ate all the food . . . .19. Whose is the pen . . .?20. The girl . . . is my sister.

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21. The shirts . . . were very expensive.22. The child . . . began to scream.23. The language . . . is called Welsh.24. The pencil . . . belongs to Peter.25. The three weeks . . . were wonderful.

Exercise 83. Complete the following sentences using suitable (present or past) participial phrases:

1. In the dark we could feel the morning . . .2. If the others heard me . . . they would think I am crazy.3. He d idn’t care that they saw him . . .4. We felt the bridge . . .5. I heard the doors . . .6. We noticed him . . .7. How often do you have your carpets . . .?8. Have you got your watch . . .?9. I want it . . . as soon as possible.

10. Get the rooms . . . by the time we arrive.11. Could you make yourself . . .?12. I saw the horse . . . .13. Did you watch the lady . . .?14. We heard the cook . . .15. I listened to the actor . . . .16. Can you smell i t . . .?17. Did they notice us . . .?18. I couldn’t catch him . . . .19. We found them . . .20. D on’t keep us . . .21. Why did you leave the water . . .?22. I will have them all . . .23. I want this work . . .24. I heard your name . . . .25. This news started me . . .

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Exercise 84. Change the following sentences front active into passive according to the patterns below:

1. a) They saw him run away,b) He was seen to run away.

2. a) They believe him to be absent,b) He is believed to be absent.

3. a) They heard her talking to herself,b) She was heard talking to herself.

1. People heard the bell ring.2. We suppose you to know these rules.3. They heard him walking on the stairs to the cellar.4. They heard him speak in the next room.5. They ordered him to return home.6. Everybody supposed the young man to have died.7. He declared the whole story to be false.8. We expected them to lose the game.9. We don’t expect this fine weather to continue.

10. We saw them leave the house early in the morning.11. We could hear the girl typing in the next room.12. They know him to be a good doctor.13. They heard him repeat those words several times.14. We saw the children playing in the garden.15. They saw them walking along the street.16. They forced him to leave the country.17. People saw him climb over the wall.18. They don’t allow their son to smoke.19. We thought it to be the signal to start.20. We didn’t expect you to come back so soon.

Exercise 85. Complete the following verbal phrases by adding a clause:

1 . . . . in order to study English.2. . . . to save time.

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3. After leaving the cinema . . . .4. Since returning to Hungary . . .5. . . . to take him to the theatre.6. On seeing me . . . .7. When reading the n o v e l . . .8. . . . in order to pass his examination.9. There being nobody at home . . . .

10. Feeling bad . . . .1 1 . . . . without her seeing it.12. . . . to warm the room.13. . . . in order not to miss the train.14. By running very quickly . . . .15. Besides doing the housework . . . .16. Without working hard . . .17. . . . in order to be heard all over the room.18. . . . to fetch a piece of chalk.19. Through eating too much . . . .20. Having cooked dinner . . . .21. Having left our luggage at the station . . . .22. . . . in order to help you.23. After catching a few fish . . . .24. Before answering my question . . . .25. On opening the box . . . .

Exercise 86. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form (infinitive, gerund, or present participle). Where there is more than one possi­bility, explain each use:

1. I hate (see) a girl (cry).2. It was very unpleasant (wake) up and (hear) the rain (beat) on

the windows.3. The snow kept (fall) and the workmen grew tired of (try) (keep)

the roads clear.4. Do you remember (hear) the bombs (drop)?5. Her small son used (like) (sit) beside the railway line and

(watch) the trains (go) by. He got very good at (know) the dif­ferent types of engine.

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6. It’s no good (write) to him; he can’t read. The only thing (do) is (go) and (see) him.

7. The enemy began (fire). He felt bullets (strike) the wall behind him.

8. He heard the clock (strike) six and knew it was time for him (get) up.

9. I didn’t know how (get) to your house so I stopped (ask) the way.

10. I wish my fridge would stop (make) that horrible noise. You can’t hear anyone (speak).

11. I can hear the bell (ring) but nobody seems (be coming) (open) the door.

12. I caught him (climb) over my wall. I asked him (explain) but he refused (say) anything, so in the end I had (let) him (go).

13. Ask him (come) in; don’t keep him (stand) at the door.14. It’s no use (try) (interrupt) him. Y ou’ll have (wait) till he stops

(talk).15. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at

home?

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THE NOUN PHRASE; NOUN SUBSTITUTES

Page 85: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Exercise 87. Write the plural of the following nouns:

1. box 7. potato 13. foot 19 .church2. story 8. sportsman 14. child 20. dish3. photo 9. piano 15. woman 21. mouth4. house 10. knife 1 6 .sheep 22. shelf5. tooth 11. dress 17. wife 23. postman6. man 12. brother-in-law 18. half 2 4 .key

25. hero

Exercise 88. Form the plural of these nouns, grouping them into the following three columns:

[z] e.g.: girls [s] e.g. : forks [izje.g.: boxes

1. buses 11. streets 21. tables 31. dishes2 .desks 12.shoes 22. suits 3 2 .days3 . cups 13.churches 23. stamps 33. teachers4 . eggs 14. centuries 2 4 .seasons 34. diaries5. classes 15. dresses 2 5 . roads 35. bridges6. actors 16. places 26. offices 36. chairs7. actresses 17. pictures 27. lakes 3 7 .coaches8. apples 18. dogs 28. families 38. glasses9. blouses 19. daughters 2 9 .houses 3 9 .beds

10. cars 2 0 .sons 30. jackets 40. flats

Exercise 89. Put the following sentences into the plural:

1. This is an engineer.2. That is a schoolgirl.3. He is a policeman.4. She is a nurse.5. She is a young woman.6. He is an old man.7. It is a child.8. I am a typist.

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9. You arc a good footballer.10. What is his name?11. Where does he live?12. I don’t know this man.13. Where is he from?14. What does she do?15. What is this?16. What is that?17. Who is he?18. What is she?19. Is my book still on the floor?20. Is this an English book?21. What make is this car?22. The baby likes milk.23. A baby likes milk.24. This pen is blue.25. What colour is that pencil?26. There is a box on the table.27. When was he born?28. Was he American?29. How much is it?30. He looks unhappy.

Exercise 90. Make these sentences singular:

1. Who are they?2. What are these?3. What are those?4. We are actors.5. They are exercise-books.6. These are boxes.7. Those are old churches.8. They are English children.9. You are John’s daughters.

10. We are Joe’s friends.11. What are their names?

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12. Where do they work?13. Where are they from?14. They look happy.15. How much are these oranges?16. Are they Hungarians?17. When were they born?18. There are some eggs in the box.19. Children like apples.20. What colour are her skirts?21. Those boys are good friends.22. These are simple sentences.23. These aren’t your tickets.24. The children are at school.25. These are my jackets.26. My friends want to study French.27. Her brothers work hard all day.28. They live in small houses.29. There are some pictures on the walls.30. They are farmers and these are their wives.

Exercise 91. Change the quantitative value of the words in italics, making any other necessary changes:

1. She is an actress.2. What is her nam e?3. These are books .4. That is a box.5. How old is he?6. What make is this carl7. Does this baby like milk?8. What have I got in my hand?9. Whose pencil is ifi

10. Who lives in the first house?11. He lives in this new flat.12. Open the window of the bedroom.13. Can I have some bananas?

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14. How much was itl15. He looks like a gangster.16. She has got long and dark hair.17. Is that woman reading?18. Does this man look angry?19. My hobbies are stamp collecting.20. Will he come alone?21. He was a writer.22. She is having her lunch.23. It is Mary’s pencil.24. They are big houses.25. There is a cat under the bed.

Exercise 92. Form derivative nouns by adding the affixes -al, -ance/- ence, -er/-or, -ess, -ist, -ity, -ment, -ship, -tion, -ure and dis- to the following words:

1. actor2. art3. explain4. develop5. organise6. arrive7. foreign8. depart9. correspond

10.announce

11. conduct12. national13.enter14 .receive15.hard16. compose17.approve18 .agree19.appear20. advertise

21. perform22. examine2 3 .argue24. collect25. govern26. accommodate27. friend28. inform29. found30. piano

Exercise 93. Form derivative nouns from the following verbs, adjec­tives, and nouns:

1. to act2. to sing3 . to teach4. to build

11. free12.good13.happy 14.il!

21. chemist22. cosmetic23. custom24. library

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5. to type6. to serve7. to meet8. to weigh9. to discover

10. to invent

15. long16. true17. warm18. difficult19. possible20. strong

25. music2 6 .scene27. tour28. universe29. address30. king

Exercise 94. Give nouns -

a) Corresponding to the following verbs:1. to welcome 6. to change 11. to begin2. to record 7. to dance 12. to choose3. to practise 8. to die 13. to succeed4. to stop 9. to dream 14. to believe5. to present 10. to exchange 15. to travel

b) Corresponding to the following adjectives:1. careless 6. foolish 11. lucky2. different 7. southern 12. continental3. original 8. foggy 13. fashionable4. national 9. beautiful 14. talented5. successful 10. dangerous 15. peaceful

Exercise 95. Combine the words in capital letters with each word of the list below it, putting it either before or after according to the meaning:

SCHOO Lgrammarboygirl

SHOPbookwindowwork

PAPERbagnewsmoney

TABLEtimetenniscloth

MASTERpieceheadschool

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MAN H O U SE W ORK LAND DAYwork hold home lord birthpolice work day father paykind wife shop lady boy

Exercise 96. Add a or an where necessary:

1. We e a t . . . soup with . . . spoon.2. I like . . . jam on . . . piece of . . . bread.3. . . . cigarette is made of . . . tobacco and . . . paper.4. . . . milk comes from . . . cow.5. We make . . . butter and . . . cheese from . . . milk.6. . . . cow eats . . . grass in . . . summer.7. . . . sugar is nice in . . . cup of tea.8. . . . piano makes . . . music.9. We can write . . . letter on . . . paper.

10. . . . cat eats . . . meat.11. . . . chair is made o f . . . wood.12. . . . teacher is . . . man or . . . woman.13. . . . dog hates . . . cat.14. . . . chicken is . . . bird.15. . . . writer writes . . . book.16. . . . table has four legs.17. I have . . . hour and . . . half for lunch.18. In . . . moment he closed his eyes and was fast asleep.19. Was i t . . . girl or . . . boy?20. How much do you earn . . . month?21. . . . elephant never forgets.22. . . . fish can swim.23. We saw . . . interesting film.24. . . . ring is made of . . . gold or . . . silver.25. We can write on . . . paper or on . . . blackboard.

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1. I would like to see . . . Mr Smith, please.2. . . . youngest boy has just started going to . . . schoo l; . . . eldest

boy is a t . . . college.3. She lives on . . . top floor of an old house.4. Do you know . . . t im e ? - Y e s , . . . clock in . . . hall has just struck

nine.5. He was sent to . . . prison for six months for shop-lifting. - Do

you go to . . . prison to visit him?6. I went to . . . school to talk to . . . headmaster.7. There will always be a conflict between . . . old and . . . young. .

. . young people want . . . change but . . . old people want . . . things to stay . . . same.

8. . . . most o f . . . stories t h a t . . . people tell a b o u t . . . Irish aren’t true.

9. Did you come by . . . air? - No, I came by . . . sea. I had a lovely voyage on . . . Queen Elizabeth II.

10. We have a very good train service from here to . . . city centre and . . . most people go to . . . work by train.

11. . . . gymnastics are not necessary for . . . girls; it is much more useful to be able to play . . . piano.

12. I am on . . . night duty. When you go to . . . bed, I go to . . . work.13. Peter is a t . . . office but you could get him on . . . phone. There

is a telephone box just round . . . corner.14. . . . darkness doesn’t worry . . . c a ts ; . . . cats can see in . . . dark.15. He got . . . bronchitis and was taken to . . . hospital.16. On . . . Sundays my father stays in . . . bed till ten o ’clock.17. Then he gets up, puts on . . . old clothes, has . . . breakfast and

starts . . . work in . . . garden.18. . . . teacher took much interest in . . . little Charles.19. Do you like . . . coffee for . . . breakfast?20. . . . boy will be sent to . . . school . . . next year.

Exercise 97. Insert the if necessary:

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1. W hat I enjoyed most was crossing . . . English Channel. It was . . . first time I had seen . . . sea. There was . . . English boy on . . . boat. He could play . . . guitar and sing.

2. . . . night before la s t . . . Roger’s parents took me t o . . . theatre.3. There was . . . knock on . . . door. I opened it and found . . .

small dark man in . . . overcoat and . . . soft hat.4. . . . fog was so thick that we couldn’t s e e . . . side o f . . . road. We

followed . . . car in front of us and hoped we were go ing . . . right way.

5. My aunt lived on . . . ground floor o f . . . old house on . . . River Thames. She was very much afraid of . . . burglars and always locked up . . . house very carefully before she went to . . . bed.

6. . . . Post Office was founded in 1657. At f irs t . . . post was carried by . . . horsemen, but in 1784 . . . mail coach was introduced.

7. In . . . Scotland there is . . . lake which contains one of . . . big­gest mysteries of . . . 20th century. For somewhere in . . . deep waters o f . . . Loch Ness . . . monster is hiding.

8. . . . British Isles are situated to . . . north-west o f . . . coast of Europe.

9. . . . climate o f . . . British Isles is neither too hot nor too c o ld . . . Biritish winters are mild and . . . summers are cool because . . . winds that blow from . . . Atlantic Ocean are mild . . . winter and cool in . . . summer. But, of course, in . . . different parts o f . . . country . . . climate varies.

10. In . . . p a s t . . . people travelled on . . . foot or on . . . horseback, and suffered many hardships. Fortunately . . . science has made . . . progress and now . . . travelling is rapid, safe and pleasant.

Exercise 99. Put in a, an or some if necessary:

1. There is . . . cat on the fence.2. There is . . . milk in the jug.3. Buy me . . . paper to read.4. In Japan they often use . . . paper for building.

Exercise 98. Add a, an or the where necessary:

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5. We walked through the fields until we came to . . . house.6. 1 don’t like . . . sugar in my tea.7. My mother bought . . . piece of . . . cloth to make . . . skirt for

my sister.8. They grow . . . rice.9. I w a n t . . . rice.

10. I saw . . . dog in the garden.11. . . . horse is very strong.12. Bring me . . . wood.13. They would like to play . . . football but they haven’t g o t . . . foot­

ball.14. . . . wood comes from . . . trees.15. 1 m e t . . . old friend of yours, and heard . . . interesting stories.16. She wears . . . clothes made o f . . . nylon.17. 1 keep . . . dogs.18. . . . women are as strong as . . . men.19. We ate . . . cakes.20. . . . man (or other) telephoned . . . few minutes ago.21. . . . of the milk has turned sour.22. There is . . . armchair at either end of the table.23. The news was . . . great surprise to me.24. . . . wine, Sir?25. . . . young man ought to have . . . interest outside his job.

Exercise 100. Some or any?

1. Have you g o t . . . sugar?2. I have . . . very interesting novels.3. Give me . . . magazines to read.4. There is . . . translation to be done.5. He never writes without making . . . mistakes.6. He didn’t ask me . . . questions.7. You may take . . . stamp you like.8. Spring is finer than . . . other season.9. Give me . . . cold water to drink.

10. May I give you . . . more ham?

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11. I w a n t . . . new potatoes; have you g o t . . .?12. Please give . . . more pudding.13. P u t . . . bread on the table.14. I asked him for . . . soap; but he hadn’t . . . .15. There are . . . pictures in this book.16. I want to buy . . . flowers; we haven’t . . . in the garden now.17. There is . . . tea in the kitchen; but there isn’t . . . milk.18. You can have . . . of my chocolate when you haven’t . . . more

of your own left.19. P u t . . . salt on your meat, the cook hasn’t p u t . . . .20. There aren’t . . . matches left; we must buy . . . more.21. I like those roses; please give me . . . . What a pity there aren’t

. . . red ones.22. Go and ask him for . . . more paper. I haven’t g o t . . . in my desk.23. I can’t e a t . . . more potatoes, but I should like . . . more beans.24. I don’t think there is . . . butter in the house.25. He did the work w ith o u t . . . difficulty.

Exercise 101. Insert some or any making the appropriate compounds if necessary:

1. 1 wanted . . . stamps but there weren’t . . . in the machine.2. Would you like . . . thing to drink? There is . . . very good beer

in the fridge.3. Is there . . . one living in that house?4. Is there . . . one moving about downstairs? I heard . . . thing fall­

ing.5. I ’d like to buy . . . new clothes but I haven’t . . . money.6. I saw hardly . . . one I knew at the party, and I didn’t get . . .

thing to drink.7. When would you like to come? - . . . day would suit me.8. Are there . . . letters for me?9. D on’t l e t . . . one in. I am too busy to see . . . body.

10. . . . thing tells me you have g o t . . . bad news for me.11. I can’t see my glasses . . . where.12. She put her handbag down . . . where and now she can’t find it.

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13. Will you have . . . pudding or . . . fruit?14. . . . one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the

way.)15. Come and have supper with us if you aren’t doing . . . thing to­

night.16. I . . . how imagined the house would be much larger.17. He lives . . . where in South America now.18. It isn’t j u s t . . . one who could do it. It is really quite difficult.19. Where shall we sit? - Oh, . . . where will do.20. He asked me if I had seen . . . people there.21. If you have . . . letters, post them now.22. It is hopeless to explain . . . thing of the kind to them.23. Has . . . body else ready this book?24. There is . . . body else outside.25. I have . . . thing important to tell you.

Exercise 102. Use many, much, a lot of, (a) few, or (a) little in the blanks:

1. I have . . . friends.2. She has . . . money.3. He has j u s t . . . friends.4. We had only . . . time.5. I doubt whether there will be . . . time for doing shopping.6. Did Sue make . . . tea?7. I have g o t . . . plans.8. We need . . . help.9. I wrote . . . letters.

10. We saw . . . people.11. They drank . . . beer.12. How . . . pupils are there in your class?13. How . . . money have you got on you?14. He makes . . . baskets.15. She doesn’t have . . . patience.16. Paul had . . . whisky.17. Do you have . . . free time?

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18. We don’t have . . . time to lose/waste.19. . . . time was lost during the strike.20. I have . . . ties.21. . . . people think so.22. His son gives him . . . trouble.23. I wonder if . . . people will take part in the demonstration.24. Students have to do . . . private reading.25. You have got quite . . . bad spelling mistakes in your paper.

Exercise 103. Use each, every, all, or all the in the blanks:

1. . . . person may have three tries.2. He gets up early . . . day.3. I tried a t . . . house in the street, but they didn’t live there.4. . . . his money was gone.5. . . . eyes were fixed on her.6. . . . student was present.7. . . . of his novels is interesting.8. Why do you write on . . . other line?9. . . . cars have engines.

10. He gave . . . woman the drink she asked for.11. He gave . . . man a beer.12. We s p e n t . . . last month abroad.13. It was raining . . . day.14. . . . elephant can remember things easily.15. There are shops on . . . sides of the town hall.16. . . . child has hair, but n o t . . . child has brown hair.17. . . . these pencils are yellow, . . . those pencils are green.18. Have you drunk . . . milk?19. I have read . . . lines of this long poem.20. Are . . . roses red?21. He gave them 50p . . .22. I have got a pencil in . . . hand.23. . . . birds have two wings.24. . . . houses in this street have television aerials.25. Jack spends . . . free hour reading science fiction.

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1. . . . girls are happy.2. We saw . . . film.3. . . . method is good.4. You can take . . . apple; I don’t mind which.5. . . . women stayed for tea.6. . . . job is difficult.7. . . . book is suitable.8. I can see both of the boys.9. . . . of them were hungry.

10. Read . . . these poems.11. . . . of the boys goes fishing.12. . . . of the children is at fault.13. . . . of his legs were broken.14. You can take . . . orange.15. . . . children are ill.16. . . . his sons were at home.17. There are big houses on . . . side of the road.18. There is an armchair a t . . . end of the table.19. Did you like . . . of these novels?20. We . . . went out.21. . . . teams played very badly.22. Do birds always stand on . . . legs?23. You can have . . . book, the blue one or the red one.24. The Po and the Danube . . . rise in the Alps, b u t . . . river flows

into the Atlantic.25. Can I meet you on Tuesday or Wednesday? - No, . . . day suits

me.

Exercise 104. Fill in the blanks with both, either or neither.

Exercise 105. Complete the following sentences with suitable indefi­nite pronouns:

1. . . . is well that ends well.2. . . . is good in its season.3. . . . must do his best.

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4. You can take . . . .5. . . . of them is ill.6. I like . . . .7. I don’t like . . . .8. . . . were agreed on that point.9. . . . is lost.

10. . . . has a book.11. If you have no money I can lend you . . . .12. I like flowers but we haven’t . . . now.13. . . . wants to speak to you.14. Was there . . . at home?15. . . . was there.16. There is . . . for you to eat.17. Has . . . seen it?18. This is . . . else’s hat.19. . . . are welcome.20. . . . walked to the s ta t io n , . . . took a bus.21. . . . depends on what answer you give to my question.22. . . . pleases him.23. . . . is here.24. There was . . . I could say.25. I have . . . else to tell you.

Exercise 106. Choose the correct form of the possessive pronouns in brackets:

1. This dog is (my, mine).2. Where is (my, mine) passport?3. Is (hers, her) family large or small?4. Is this book (mine, my) or (your, yours)?5. This is (my, mine) jacket.6. (her, hers) is the best homework.7. (my, mine) pen won’t write, please give me (yours, your).8. D on’t stay at (their, theirs) house; stay at (our, ours).9. What have you got in (your, yours) hand?

10. This doesn’t look like (mine, my) toothbrush.

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11. He says he has lost (yours, your) ticket.12. This house is (ours, our); we have lived here for ten years.13. She left (her, hers) gloves in the train.14. I left (my, mine) car at the station. Where did you leave (yours,

your)?15. Take (your, yours) bag; I have taken (mine, my).16. 1 have found a red pencil. Is it (your, yours)?17. (hers, her) is a green one.18. May we have (our, ours) coats, please?19. W here does (their, theirs) father work?20. This garden is (their, theirs).21. He is a friend of (mine, my).22. (her, hers) skates are better than (yours, your).23. (their, theirs) is in the garage.24. She is in bed in (her, hers) room.25. (mine, my) parents are older than (hers, her).

Exercise 107. Put who, whose, what or which in these sentences; giveseveral variants wherever possible:

1____ is your brother?2___ is your favourite game?3___ did you see?4___ did you open it with?5___ is it made of?6. . .. can I do for you?7___ have you done?8___ are you talking about?9___ is that on your desk?

10___ are these pencils?11____ of these poems did you like best?12____ lives in this house?13___ would like another cup of tea?14____ have you given my pen to?15___ do you buy your milk from?16___ is happening?

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17.. . . is the matter?18. . . do you think he is?19. . . . one do you think is mine?20. . . . did you say you had met?21. . . . is this cat?22. . . . is the weather like?23. . . . is mine?24. . . . do you think it is made of?25. . . . house do you live in?

Exercise 108. Place a relative pronoun in the spaces only where it is necessary:

1. The novel . . . you lent me is very interesting.2. This is the hotel in . . . I stayed last summer.3. The sailor . . . we met yesterday is standing near the office.4. The s t r e e t . . . leads to the station is very narrow.5. The dress . . . she is wearing is lovely.6. The eggs . . . you have bought today are bad.7. The book . . . he is reading is a detective story.8. This is Tom Smith, a b o u t . . . I spoke to you.9. Paul, . . . wife is ill, can’t come to the party.

10. Where is the h a t . . . I wore last night?11. The man . . . you talked to is my father.12. This is the re s ta u ra n t . . . was built last year.13. There is a student downstairs . . . wants to see you.14. The first thing . . . we must do is to have a meal.15. I love to chat with Margaret, . . . is a clever girl.16. Yesterday I saw your sister . . . told me the good news.17. Bring me the exercise-book . . . lies there.18. Are these all the exercises . . . you have done?19. This is the s u i t . . . I wore yesterday.20. My grand fa the r , . . . is over eighty, still likes a good walk.21. Is this the picture . . . you are laughing at?22. The pen . . . I lost wasn’t a good one.

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23. The Thames, . . . runs through London, is quite wide at its mouth.

24. The house in . . . he lives isn’t far from here.25. The notebook . . . I am looking for has a blue cover.

Exercise 109. Complete each of the following sentences by adding a relative clause:

1. The man . . . has just left.2. The doctor . . . is famous.3. The horse . . . won the race.4. The letter . . . had no stamp on it.5. The boy . . . will be punished.6. The picture . . . has been sold.7. The house . . . is very old.8. The elderly man . . . is my uncle.9. The flowers . . . have died.

10. The dog . . . is following us.11. There is the lady . . . .12. Can you rem ember the person . . .?13. W here is there a shop . . .?14. This is the house . . . .15. There is a student downstairs . . . .16. She is a good ty p is t , . . . .17. My sister M a ry , . . ., won’t come with us.18. My b r o th e r , . . ., wants to speak to you.19. G ra m m a r , . . ., is good for you.2 0 .1 met T o m , . . . .21. My f a th e r , . . ., has just returned.22. B u d a p e s t , . . ., is a beautiful city.23. The man . . . has gone to England.24. She is the most beautiful g i r l . . . .25. We sleep in a room . . . .

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Exercise 110. Change the number of the pronouns in italics, making any other necessary changes:

1. I am reading a newspaper.2. This is an interesting book.3. These aren’t good pencils.4. Who did you find at home?5. Id s correct.6. He is sitting on a chair.7. Those were very beautiful flowers.8. She is eating an apple.9. We are teachers.

10. What is that?11. Are you an engineer?12. Do you know him?13.1 could do it by myself.14. What is he?15. Whose is this cap?16. They are in the garden.17. Ask them to come here.18. They invited us to their party.19. This house is mine.20. You yourselves will do it.21. He saw him self in the mirror.22. Who was at home?23. Which is mine?24. Send them to him.25. I am talking about those black ones , near that green one.

Exercise 111. Put in the right numbers:

1. There are . . . months in a year.2. January is the . . . month.3. February is the . . .4. The . . . letter is C.5. There are . . . or . . . days in a year.

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6. December is the . . . month of the year.7. November is the . . . month.8. How many days are there in a week? - . . . .9. There are . . . letters in the English alphabet.

10. L is the . . . letter in the alphabet.11. Wednesday is the . . . day of the week.12. May is the . . . month of the year.13. Friday is the . . . day of the week.14. There are . . . or . . . days in February.15. There are . . . weeks in a year.16. There are . . . seasons in a year.17. There are . . . minutes in a quarter of an hour.18. There are . . . minutes in half an hour.19. July is the . . . month of the year.20. September is the . . . month of the year.21. Six and two are/make . . .22. Seven from ten leaves . . . .23. . . . two is four.24. Three into . . . goes four (times).25. Seven into . . . goes three times and three over.26. Shakespeare was born in . . . .27. Dickens died in . . . .28. The Second World War broke out in . . . .29. November . . . is Guy Fawkes Day.30. February . . . is Valentine’s Day.

Exercise 112. Put suitable determiners into the spaces. Give several variants wherever possible:

1. . . . o f . . . books have you read?2. Where is . . . English calendar?3. Have you read . . . short story?4. . . . pictures are beautiful.5. Can you see . . . boys?6. Have you ever m e t . . . people?7. You are . . . man I want to see.

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8. This is . . . car.9. He loves . . . sister.

10. . . . dog was running after . . . child.11. I c u t . . . finger.12. He put . . . hand into . . . pocket.13. He was shot in . . . heart.14. Look me in . . . face.15. . . . car is this?16. . . . colours have you got it in?17. . . . foreign languages have you studied?18. . . . of these poems do you like best?19. . . . book in . . . library belongs to . . . college.20. . . . horses are animals but not . . . animals are horses.21. . . . novels on . . . shelf were written by Charles Dickens.22. I spoke to . . . boy separately.23. . . . pupil in . . . class has . . . English book.24. In . . . moment he closed . . . eyes and was fast asleep.25. In Britain today, . . . children start . . . education at . . . age of

five.

Exercise 113. Complete the following sentences by adding suitable premodifiers.

1. It was a very . . . book.2. He was a . . . man with a . . . face.3. Your . . . fault is that you are careless.4. Who is the . . . man in the world?5. He is a . . . doctor.6. He is one of the . . . men who has ever lived.7. I am having a . . . time here.8. Yesterday afternoon I had a cup of . . . tea.9. She said that she had had a very . . . month in America.

10. When I was a . . . man, I worked for a . . . company in New York.

11. I was in love with a . . . girl.

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12. The West End is the . . . quarter of London, with the . . . shops, theatres, clubs and hotels.

13. Many . . . people leave home and go to a . . . town to work or study.

14. What do you do in your . . . time?15. Which . . . places would you like to see in London?16. There is a . . . lady with . . . hair, who is sitting at a . . . desk,

writing . . . letters.17. I want to have a glass o f . . . wine.18. Cycling was a very . . . exercise in those . . . days.19. They were the m o s t . . . group in the world.20. How many . . . channels are there on . . . television?21. I promise to be at the . . . station at 5.15 looking for a . . . girl of

17 with a . . . face and a . . . mouth.22. British school-children have a . . . holiday than children in H un­

gary.23. She won three . . . medals for gymnastics.24. The . . . man in the world was Robert Hughes.25. I am interested in . . . fashion.

Exercise 114. Complete these sentences by adding suitable postmodi­fiers:

1. How tall were you at the age . . .2. I prefer the one . . . .3. What does the man . . . look like?4. Look at the man . . . .5. The tallest man . . . was Robert Wadlow.6. All children . . . must start school at the age of five.7. He read a lot of books . . . .8. The language . . . is called German.9. An actor is a man . . .

10. The one . . . is not Ann.11. Pop is the music . . .12. I want to read all the books . . .13. Jobs . . . are called professions.

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14. My journey . . . was wonderful.15. The telegram was from a friend . . .16. The body . . . was found the following morning.17. A photograph was found next to the body.18. The other interesting thing . . . was a note . . . .19. The man had been hit over the head with something .20. A friend . . . is ill in hospital.21. The climate . . . is neither too hot nor too cold.22. The weather . . . cannot be forecast.23. The sight . . . reminds me of England.24. This is the quickest way . . . .25. The water . . . is special water . . .

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PREPOSITIONS; PARTICLES

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1. They will probably arrive . . . the station by six o ’clock.2. How long have you been waiting . . . us?3. Ask him . . . a pen.4. They died . . . hunger.5. What can I do . . . you?6. I wouldn’t dream . . . doing such a thing.7. Give i t . . . your friend.8. She bought a new s k i r t . . . her daughter.9. We didn’t know . . . that.

10. They are listening . . . the radio.11. We heard i t . . . the radio.12. What do you mean . . . this?13. You must pay . . . what you eat and drink.14. Do you prefer coffee . . . tea?15. Could you agree . . . them?16. How many members does the committee consis t . . .?17. It has been divided . . . two.18. Why are you laughing . . . me?19. She is slowly recovering . . . her illness.20. Your breath smells . . . brandy.21. She reminds me . . . her mother.22. He is very proud . . . his two sons.23. What is this town famous . . .?24. Are you afraid . . . dogs?25. We were surprised . . . the news.26. She is very good . . . languages.27. If you have a car, you are independent . . . trains and buses.28. It was very kind . . . you to help us.29. We are g ra te fu l . . . you . . . your help.30. The town lies e a s t . . . the river.

Exercise 115. Put in the right prepositions:

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1. We have lived here . . . fifteen years.2. We shall be . . . home . . . 5 p. m. . . . 8 p. m.3. She walked . . . the garden . . . the flower beds.4. He took the p a rc e ls ................ his car and carried them . . . the

house.5. He came . . . m e .......................... the bridge.6. I shall have the money s e n t . . . you . . . delay.7. The boy was questioned . . . what he was thinking . . .8. We shall have f is h .............. meat today.9. There is a big tree . . . ( o r : .......................... ) his house.

10. I saw . . . once that the bed hadn’t been s le p t . . .11. They live a few miles . . . the station.12. We sent a b o a t . . . them to come . . . the shore.13. The problem . . . how it is to be done should be solved.14. We have no information . . . where she lives.15. Can it be seen . . . here?16. She was standing . . . herself . . . the corner.17. Is Ann . . . h o m e ? -N o , she is sti l l . . . the park . . . her mother.18. We are going to leave . . . a quarter . . . nine.19. What is the time . . . your watch?20. All the students . . . our group will take p a r t . . . the procession

. . . the fourth . . . April.21. What can you see . . . this picture?22. Were you late . . . school?23. Breakfast is taken . . . seven and e ig h t . . . the morning.24. It was careless . . . you to leave your luggage . . . the train.25. There were crowds . . . people . . . the streets . .. the first . . .

May.

Exercise 116. Put suitable prepositions into the spaces:

Exercise 117. Put in the correct prepositions or adverbs:

1. Look . . . the baby while I am out.2. Is your mother in? - No, she is . . . and won’t be . . . till nine

o ’clock.

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3. He wanted to talk to me but I kept . . . working and refused to listen.

4. Short skirts w e n t . . . years ago.5. The police ran . . . the thief.6. She takes . . . her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair too.7. A young girl shouldn’t need to make . . . her face very much.8. I don’t think they will be . . . yet. It is only five o ’clock in the

morning. „9. The car stopped in front of their house and two men got . . .

10. I am going to Budapest on business and I shall be . . . for a week.11. G e t . . . the bus at Victoria Station.12. How are you getting . . . with your work?13. Look . . .! You nearly knocked my cup out of my hand.14. Why don’t you g o ............... stamp collecting if you want a quiet

hobby?15. If you don’t know the word you can look i t . . . in a dictionary.16. Y ou’d better take . . . your coat if you are too hot.17. A hen ran in front of my car and I am afraid I ran . . . it.18. On his way to work he called . . . the florist’s and ordered a do­

zen red roses.19. War broke . . . in 1939.20. The lift broke . . . and we had to use the stairs.21. I asked him to p u t . . . the lights if he was the last to leave.22. P u t . . . the blue dress.23. You should p u t . . . some weight.24. She took . . . gymnastics.25. I wish I could give . . . smoking.

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SENTENCES

Interrogative and Negative Sentences

Responses

Formal SubjectObjectsAdverbialsConjunctions

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Interrogative and Negative Sentences

Exercise 118. Add a question-word to the following questions:

1.. . does this sign mean?2. . . are you looking at?3. . . do you call him?4. . . do you think he lives?5 . do you think I was born?6. . . can I get to Gloucester Road?7. . . tall are you?8. . . . colour is your hat?9. . . . do you weigh?

10. . . . calories are there in an orange?11. . . . do some girls go on a diet?12. . . . did the washing up yesterday?13. . . . time did you have your breakfast?14. . . . did it take to get there?15. . . . makes you think so?16. . . . one do you prefer?17. . . . does a loaf of bread cost in Hungary?18. . . . does Charlie look like?19. . . . hair has your sister got?20. . . . made this statue?21. . . . are you interested in?22. . . . did you come home last night?23. . . . will they arrive?24. . . . are you today?25. . . . is she?

Exercise 119. Ask questions for the words in italics:

1. They left the car in Calais.2. From Dover they went to London by train.3. The tallest man in the world was Robert Wadlow.

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4. At the age of 8 he was 6 fo o t tall.5. The lessons last forty-five minutes.6. There are three lessons after the lunch break.7. She is interested in athletics.8. His hobby is gardening.9. He wants to be an engineer.

10. Jim has done the high jump since last year.11. Jenny said that she had had a wonderful time in America.12. Charlie was sent to England to do some work there.13. He stayed in England fo r two months.14. He bought a beautiful ring for his wife.15. The first photograph was taken by a local man.16. I f your luggage weighs m ore , you will have to pay extra.17. The first thing you should do is check in when you arrive at the

airport.18. You have to wait some time in the departure lounge before your

flight takes off.19. If you go east of the City, you will find yourself in the East End.20. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren.21. The British Isles consist of two large islands.22. The smell o f fish made him remember the sea.23. The house smells stuffy.24. The car has broken down.25. I am going to replace the fuse.

Exercise 120. Ask yes-or-no questions:

1. This is an exercise-book.2. That is your pen.3. These are English books.4. Those are new houses.5. You are very hungry.6. Mary is happy.7. His father is about fifty.8. New York is in America.9. Your pencil is still on the floor.

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10. His name is Fred.11. The red car is a Ford.12. His son was born in 1962.13. His wife is forty-six.14. His grandfather died in 1986.15. The dog's name is Bob.16. There is an old cinema in Park Road.17. The Browns live in the first house.18. Their flat is on the second floor.19. Sue is sweeping the floor.20. He must take a No. 1 bus.21. His friend weighs about eighty kilograms.22. They wanted to go home.23. Mary ironed the clothes yesterday morning.24. You were very sleepy in the morning.25. John scored three goals.26. They had a good trip.27. He looks like his mother.28. They will drive to Lake Balaton.29. The water looked fine.30. His mother was working in the garden.

Exercise 121. Form all possible questions to the following sentences:

1. They are from Britain.2. He is planning a house.3. She worked a lot yesterday.4. He scored two goals.5. She listened to the radio.6. The children are at school.7. We went home by car.8. They got home after six.9. His name is John White.

10. He is fifteen years old.11. I have got two pens in my hand.12. The chair is in the corner.

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13. The rubbers are on the desk.14. NZ means New Zealand.15. They are Volvos.16. The baby likes milk.17. Their car is green.18. His father was born jn 1906.19. He died in 1979.20. It is M ary’s pencil.21. She lives at 13 Nelson Road.22. They live in the fourth house.23. Mr Cook lives in this new flat with his wife Sue.24. Their flat is very cosy.25. Mr Cook is dream ing of a house with a garden.26. Joe is playing under the table.27. He goes to school by tram .28. Tom weighs 60 kilograms.29. Sue is 170 centim etres tall.30. There are two apples on the table.

Exercise 122. Make these sentences a) interrogative, b) negative:

1. They listen to music in the afternoon.2. Mary sings well.3. You like meat with potatoes.4. Tom comes to school before eight.5. His father gets up at five.6. The bell rings at eight.7. They drink tea with milk.8. Mr Brown speaks Hungarian.9. She watches television every evening.

10. Joe goes to his friend every afternoon.11. She sat down.12. Father came home last week.13. He ate bread and butter for breakfast.14. You closed the windows.15. Mary put the books into the bag.

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16. John did his homework.17. He drank water.18. Tom slept well.19. She spoke French.20. They enjoyed the match.21. He collects stamps.22. You help your mother.23. He sold his car.24. She posted the letter.25. Jim knows her name.26. She loves lying in the sun.27. They missed the train.28. He bought a new car.29. He studies two languages.30. They live in the capital.

Exercise 123. Read the following sentences a) in the negative, b) in the interrogative:

1. He talks in his sleep.2. They live beside the sea.3. H e drank all the milk.4. Joe worked very hard.5. She is lying in the sun.6. He has forgotten to shut the door.7. They are doing the hom ew ork.8. She has thrown the bottle out.9. H e will rem em ber your name.

10. He has been waiting for her for half an hour.11. A new school is being built in our village.12. He would like to stay here.13. You would have missed the train.14. The car has been repaired.15. They have already arrived.16. It is still raining.17. H e enjoys working in the garden.

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18. She stopped smoking.19. They have tea for breakfast.20. We must go home.21. She has got something in her hand.22. We are being followed.23. They were playing football all the afternoon.24. It has been found in the attic.25. You may use my pen.

Exercise 124. Add question-tags to the following sentences:

1. They can come.2. You aren ’t hungry.3. You ought to be there.4. The food wasn’t bad.5. She w on’t be here.6. You didn’t hear me.7. It is very cold.8. Peter has a new car.9. You can come with us.

10. He should drive slowly.11. She died two years ago.12. W e’d better go.13. Y ou’d rather stay here.14. He is used to it.15. You knew that.16. She plays well.17. They used to live in this town.18. He doesn’t know us.19. It isn’t cheap.20. You like them .21. There are so many interesting books in this library.22. You m ustn’t en ter this room.23. You haven’t read this book.24. They would like to spend the summ er with us.25. You don’t smoke.

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26. She can’t swim.27. You had the parcel weighed.28. She couldn’t see us.29. I am ill.30. Somebody will help you.

Page 120: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Responses

Exercise 125. Answer the following questions a) in the affirmative,b) in the negative:

1. Is this a rubber?2. Is that a picture?3. Are these pencils?4. Are those books?5. Is he from Australia?6. Is she fifteen years old?7. Are you a writer?8. Are you students?9. Am I very tall?

10. Are we in front of your school?11. Is it cold in here?12. Are they happy?13. Are you reading an English letter?14. Is Tom at hom e?15. Are the children at school?16. Are the boys playing tennis?17. Can you see that big tree?18. Do you study English?19. Does Peter know you?20. Do the girls like him?21. Have you got a pen in your hand?22. Was she born in 1966?23. Did he die in 1979?24. Is this book yours?25. Is there an apple in your bag?26. A re there three boys in the classroom?27. W ere you at school last week?28. Did you have a good flight?29. W ere you listening to the radio at six?30. Will they arrive tom orrow?

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Exercise 126. Agree with the following remarks, using yes + pro­noun + the auxiliary:

1. You can pronounce this word.2. I think it is an English word.3. You left your car in Calais.4. She does her work well.5. They look very happy.6. The fog is getting thicker.7. They used to have a horse.8. He always wears dark glasses.9. He needs three bottles.

10. You are drunk.11. You gave her my address.12. I know where you went.13. I can use your bicycle.14. There are twelve inches in one foot.15. He should lose a lot o f weight.16. The break is for fifteen m inutes.17. He likes fishing very much.18. A fter her training she returned home.19. Football is the most popular game for boys in winter.20. Liverpool have drawn three of their matches.21. You have been at home all the summer.22. Fred promised to m eet Kitty at the station.23. It will be closed on Sunday.24. You have got the time for that.25. It is difficult to say where he is.

Exercise 127. Agree with the following remarks, using no + pro­noun + the auxiliary + not:

1. You don’t study Spanish.2. The apples didn’t look very good.3. It hasn’t been a bad summer.4. They won’t arrive in time.

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5. He doesn’t collect coins.6. She d idn’t enjoy the film.7. It hasn’t been found yet.8. She doesn’t know where we are.9 . 1 am not ill.

10. We aren’t young.11. They won’t sell their house.12. He wouldn’t like to get m arried.13. He isn’t helping his friend.14. She hasn’t written to him yet15. You haven’t forgetten me.16. There isn’t anything in it.17. It isn’t raining any longer.18. She hasn’t eaten anything for two days.19. They don’t live in the country any more.20. You didn’t speak to him.21. You w on’t give it to her.22. You aren ’t allowed to go to the cinema.23. They aren’t being served.24. He didn’t promise to be here.25. She doesn’t drink too much coffee.

Exercise 128. Disagree with the following remarks, using oh yes -f pronoun -f auxiliary or oh no/but -f pronoun -f negative auxiliary:

e.g. H e’s drunk. - Oh no, he isn’t.It isn’t worth keeping. - Oh yes, it is.

1. I can’t swim.2. We arrived in time.3. They haven’t bought the piano.4. You don’t collect stamps.5. She came home yesterday.6. He will eat everything.7. He won’t be able to repair your watch.

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8. She hasn’t been operated on.9. They w eren’t buried here.

10. The flight will be cancelled.11. They were able to catch the train.12. 1 am being followed.13. You m ustn’t use his pen.14. You have been waiting for her for three hours.15. She would speak to him.16. Johnny would have drunk all the műk.17. Peter doesn’t smoke.18. Mary won’t iron your shirt.19. This car didn’t cost too much.20. Helen has been crying.21. You aren ’t happy.22. The lake was frozen in January.23. She is always playing the piano.24. Eve didn’t kiss Jimmy.25. H er m other won’t be sitting here all the evening.

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Formal Subject

Exercise 129. Fill in the blanks with it or there:

1 . . . were many people present at the meeting.2. . . is high time to begin our work.3. . . . was no wind.4. . . is true that he d idn’t m ention it.5. . . . is fine today.6. . . . can be no doubt about it.7. . . . seems unlikely that he will catch the train.8. . . . was raining fast.9. . . . was a pen on my desk.

10. . . . are some flowers in the garden.11. . . . is a big hole in your stocking.12. . . . is a fact that she isn’t at all well.13. . . . is nearly time to say good night.14. . . . is hard to climb this hill.15. . . . was a typical autum n day.16. . . . was a light in the kitchen when we got home.17. . . . is a post office in the village.18. . . . is cold in winter.19. . . . was a man under that tree some minutes ago20. . . . are no clouds in the sky.21. . . . isn’t true that he is lazy.22. . . . was nobody in this room.23. . . . is something dark on the floor.24. . . . is no place like home.25 is a pity you can’t come.

Page 125: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Objects

1. Please c u t . . . a slice of cake.2. D on’t ask . . . where she is going.3. Henry gave . . . some money.4. Miss Jones is showing . . . some photos.5. Mary has l e n t . . . her bicycle.6. The teacher asked . . . a lot of questions.7. Pass . . . the salt.8. My uncle has been telling . . . why he likes fishing.9. The man threw . . . a bone.

10. M r Hill b o u g h t . . . a necklace.11. R obert fetched . . . the book he wanted.12. Helen offered . . . a seat.13. You ow e...£5.1 4 .1 am going to write . a long letter.15.1 have b o u g h t . . . a pair of shoes.16. The shopkeeper sold . . . three loaves.17. George has told . . . what happened.18. Somebody handed . . . a bunch of flowers.19. M r Lee has s e n t . . . a card.20. M r Brown gave . . . a fur coat.21. W on’t you lend . . . your car?22. She made . . . a new dress.23. Will you do . . . a favour?24. She cooked . . . some sausages.25. H e doesn’t owe . . . anything.

Exercise 130. Put in an appropriate Indirect Object:

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Exercise 131. Put the direct and the indirect object in their proper place; insert to or for wherever necessary. Give several variants wherever possible:

1. Send (it) (him) tom orrow.2. I asked him to bring (us) (coffee).3. Pass (your brother) (it).4. Can 1 do (you) (anything)?5. Show (me) (the capital of Scotland).6. The teacher will explain (it) (you).7. Read (it) (m e).8. Please bring (some milk) (the baby).9. Fred sold (John) (his bicycle).

10. I offered (him) (my help).11. I handed (the docum ents) (the m anager).12. Give (them ) (it).13. He will build (a boat) (us).14. She wrote (me) (a letter).15. Buy (me) (one).16. I must buy (myself) (a new shirt).17. 1 can’t lend (money) (everyone).18. She bought (some sweets) (her m other).19. I told (a story) (my friends).20. I said (good morning) (my teacher).21. Will you explain (this problem ) (m e).22. John will find (her coat) (M ary).23. Give (this one) (the baby).24. The gave (a box of chocolates) (my bro ther and me).25. I told (him) (a story).

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Adverbials

Exercise 132. Put always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, or never in the following sentence:

1. I . . . have breakfast at eight o ’clock.2. Tom . . . works on Saturday, too.3. W hat do cows . . . eat?4. He . . . has bacon for breakfast, but he . . . has an egg.5. Do you . . . use my pen?6. She . . . has a good mark in English, but she . . . has a good mark

in mathematics.7. Mary doesn’t write letters very . . but she sends us a card . . .8. Susan . . . meets the boy who has that red sports car.9. Do you . . . drink coffee?

10. Do you . . . buy English books?11. Do questions . . . have a question mark at the end?12. My father . . . puts up his feet after lunch.13. I have . . . seen the watch you bought in Switzerland.14. I don’t wear it very . . . .15. 1 . . . go into the park after dinner.16. Miss Smith is . . . there, but she is . . . alone.17. Did you . . . go to the cinema in London?18. I . . . study something in bed, but I . . . go to sleep.19. Have you . . . had a dog?20. M r Brown . . . walks to work. He . . . catches the bus.21. Mary . . . helps her sister on Sunday. She . . . reads a book. But

she . . . plays tennis, and she . . . goes to the swimming-pool.22. Do you . . . have tea in the garden? - Yes, we do.23. W hat does the postman . . . bring?24. W hat do men . . . do in the train?25. Do pigs . . . climb trees?

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Exercise 133. Complete the following sentences by adding a preposi­tional phrase:

1. The good man shared his dinner . . . .2. Jill and Jack are going to play tennis . . . .3. Nick bought some flowers . . . .4. Mrs W ood is cooking an om elette . . . .5. Mary showed the letter . . . .6. Tom has sent a pa r c e l . . . .7. She spends a lot of money . . . .8. The teacher read the story . . . .9. Mr Black was playing cards . . . .

10. The old lady thanked the little boy . . . .11. The boys haven’t left any pudding . . . .12. These poems were first published . . . .13. Henry bought his new bicycle . . . .1 4 .1 have just rem inded my sister . . . .15. You can’t take i t . . . .16. Those boys threw stones . . . .17. W hat did the professor explain . . .?18. W hat has M r Miller made . . .?19. W hat is Mrs Brown going to bake . . .?20. W hat is Peter fetching . . .?21. The farm er has driven his tractor . . . .22. Mr Clark congratulated me . . . .23. She hears the latest news . . . .24. . . . did the mechanic fill the thank . . .?25. . . . did M r Blake give his old clothes . . .?

Exercise 134. Supply a suitable adverbial particle in the following sentences:

1. Put your h a t . . . .2. I sent i t . . . .3. Take this c o a t . . . .4. The bus knocked him . . . .

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5. Have you turned the gas . . .?6. The child picked itself . . . .7. He locked himsel f . . . .8 . 1 shall ask him . . . .9. They came . . . .

10. She w e n t . . . .11. It f e l l . . . .12. She walked . . . .13. Bring . . . a few chairs.14. Lock . . . the house.15. He took . . . his overcoat.16 . 1 p u t . . . my best shoes.17. He switched the l ight. . . .18. Look the word . . . in the index.19. Put your books . . . .20. Send i t . . . to him.21. Turn the radio . . . .22. Have they gone . . . yet?23. . . . came the teacher!24. . . . ran the thief!25. . . . he rushed!

Exercise 135. Put the adverbial modifiers into place in the sentences:

1. The bus arrived (yesterday, late).2. They have six lessons a day (always).3. Have you seen her (today, anywhere)?4. It rains (in this part o f the country, seldom ).5. Do you go (there, som etim es)?6. Have you m et him (before, here, ever)?7. I don’t take sugar (in my coffee, usually).8. We went (together, last night, there).9. Will you be working if I come at five (still)?

10. I have m et her (just).11. We have been to the lab (already).12. Have you been to Scotland (ever)?

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13. He came (very early, here).14. You will find him at work (often, at night, late).15. I agree with you (entirely).16. I understand you (quite).17. We lived (for ten years, quietly, in a little village).18. She sat (on the sofa, beside me).19. He works (always, hard, in his garden).20. They sang (in the street, last night, beautifully).21. He admitted his error (yesterday, frankly).22. She did (at the competition, well, in April).23. It happened (in the afternoon, at exactly five o ’clock, in the

capital).24. He answered (on Monday, very well, in the Physics lesson).25. I found it (yesterday, in a drawer, under the books).

Exercise 136. Put the adverbial modifiers suggested in brackets at the head of the sentence. Make all the necessary changes:

1. They go for walks together, (often)2. I shall forget this day. (never)3. We knew about the conditions of life in their country, (little)4. We had time to finish our dinner, (scarcely)5. I had finished my translation when the bell rang, (hardly)6. He had been robbed, (never before)7. His m other warned him. (in vain)8. I thought it possible, (hardly)9. You were warned to be careful, (many times)

10. He has given you good advice, (many a tim e)11. I didn’t say such a thing, (at no tim e)12. We shall visit this town, (never again)13. I have seen such a charming lady, (seldom)14. He will be allowed to come here, (under no circumstances)15. You will see a m ore beautiful garden, (nowhere)16. He regretted his hasty reaction, (bitterly)17. He cares what happens to us. (much)18. You should refuse his advise, (on no account)

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19. We finally reached the summit, (only after climbing for hours)20. We felt the truth of his words, (deeply)21. We would have granted your wish, (gladly)22. These summits are free of snow, (never)23. Sandra had just left the house when the postman arrived, (no

sooner)24. The first act had just begun when the lights went out. (no soon-

er)25. I rem em ber the day when it happened, (well)

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Conjunctions

Exercise 137. Put when, before, after, whenever, or as soon as in the following sentences:

1. . . . Mary has changed her shoes, we shall go for a walk.2. The dogs barks . . . somebody comes to the door.3. The dog will bark . . . the postman comes to the door.4. The dog will bark . . . the postman has rung the bell.5. He smokes a cigar . . . he finishes his lunch.6. Many businessmen read the paper . . . they go to work.7. John will have to change his s u i t . . . he goes out to dinner.8. The lesson will end . . . Roger has done the last sentence.9. . . . Mr Jones comes, we shall order some coffee.

10. . . . we have drunk our coffee, we shall pay and leave.11. I always feel thirsty . . . I have played a game of tennis.12. The police will catch the thief . . . he has spent the money.13. . . . you go, Mary will make you a cup of tea.14. . . . the children go to bed, they often have a game of bridge.15. Jack will go to France for a holiday . . . he has passed his final

examination.16. Please ring me up . . . you come to London.17. That young man will ring Tom . . . he gets home.18. . . . he has washed, he combs his hair.19. . . . he has breakfast, he takes the dog out.20. . . . he leaves the house, he says ’G oodbye’ to his m other.21. He is at the bus stop . . . the bus arrives.22. He gets o u t . . . the bus has stopped.23. He looks at the notice-board . . . he goes into the classroom.24. . . . the visitors had left, everybody went to bed.25. . . . Mr G reen entered the hall, the meeting had already started.

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Exercise 138. Put either . . . or, neither. . . nor, or whether. . . orin the following sentences:

1. John will be here by ten . . . he takes the bus . . . walks.2. I shall go . . . Tom comes . . . not.3. Eyes are . . . blue . . . brown.4. The meeting will take place . . . on Tuesday . . . on Friday.5. Mr Brown is over forty but under fifty, so he is . . . young . . .

old.6. I wonder where my glasses are. They are : . . on my desk . . . in

my pocket.7. W hat that man says is the t r u t h , . . . you believe i t . . . not.8. . . . a man writes books . . . sweeps streets, he must work hard if

he wants to be successful.9. A lthough Mary had been on holiday for two weeks, her parents

had received . . . a letter . . . a card.10. W ho is at the door? - It is . . . Tom . . . Roger.11. . . . you think it is going to rain . . . not, it is better to take an

um brella in case it does.12. O ur team would have won . . . Charles had played . . . not.13. There is an animal in the cellar. It is . . . a r a t . . . a mouse.14. W hat is the date today? - It is . . . the fourth . . . the fifth; I am

not quite sure.15. Susan’s dress is . . . red . . . blue; it is green.16. He never went to school. He can . . . write his name . . . read a

letter.17. W here shall I park the car? - You can . . . leave it in the road

. . . put it in the drive.18. . . . Tom . . . Charles knew the answer to Mr L ee’s question.19. I shall get w e t . . . I walk . . . cycle.20. Janet means to go on the stage . . . her parents want her to . . .

not.

134

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1. I went home . . . had dinner.2. Polly has told me . . . you told her the secret.3. I took some money with me . . . I needed it.4. I was afraid . . . I might hurt his feelings.5. The sun was low . . . we went to the beach.6. I shall believe i t . . . I see it.7. You must w a i t . . . the light changes to green.8. I have written two letters . . . we came back.9. His car is quite o l d ; . . . it is in good condition.

10. You had better close the wi ndow, . . . it is rather cold.11. It is getting late; . . . we had better go to bed.12. She worked hard, . . . she failed.13. It is s t r ange , . . . it is true.14. Please . . . come in . . . go out; don’t stand there in the doorway.15. It was l a t e , . . . we went to bed.16. We went to b e d , . . . it was late.17. He . . . knows . . . cares what happened.18. . . . the river were not so deep, we could cross it.19. We had worked all d a y , . . . we were tired.20. Give me a pen . . . a pencil.21. The box was so heavy . . . I couldn’t lift it.22. I like tea ,...Jo e likes coffee.23. ...she will refuse our offer is unlikely.24. The question is...you are able to do it alone.

Exercise 139. Put suitable conjunctions into the spaces:

135

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Page 136: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

SPELLING

Page 137: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Exercise 140. Add the ending -/e/s; -/e/d; -ing:

a) 1. arrive2. buy3. change4. come5. cross6. do7. enjoy8. fly9. go

10. guess

b) 1. ask2 .book3. arrive4 .change5. close6. collect7. cook8. cross9. dance

10. die

c) l.b u y2. come3. drive4. give5. lie6. plan7. say8. study9. try

10. begin

11. know 21. show 31. write12. leave 22. speak 32. agree13. lie 23. stay 33. become14. like 24. study 3 4 .choose15. miss 2 5 .teach 35. finish16. pay 26. try 36. draw27. post 27. wash 37. lose18. say 28. watch 38. promise19. see 29. weigh 39. throw20. score 30. wish 40. remember

11.enjoy12. enter13. guess14. help15.hope 1 .̂ iron l i l i k é18. listen19. live20. look

11. bring12. dance13. enjoy14. iron15. live16. play17. see18. swim19. wait20. draw

21. include22. mind23. miss2 4 .open25. plan26. point27. prefer28. spell29. start30. study

2 1 .change22. die23. fly24. keep25. make2 6 .read27. sit28. take29. weigh30. forget

31. talk32. thank33. travel34. try35. weigh36. wonder37. agree38. fill39. repair40. finish

31. close32. do3 3 .get34. leave35. pay36. write37. stay38. travel39. agree40. run

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Exercise 141. Add the given element a) retaining -e or dropping it;b) retaining -y or changing it; c) doubling or not doubling the final consonant:

a) 1. smoke -s 6. lie -s 11. large -est2. take -ing 7. hope -ing 12. love -ly3. receive -d 8. safe -er 13. true -ly4. see -ing 9. come -ing 14. strange -er5. nine -th 10. argue -ing 15. write -ing

b )1 .happy -er 6. enjoy -s 11. fifty -eth2. buy -ing 7. hurry -ed 12. fly -es3. say -s 8 .heavy -est 13. play -ing4. try -ed 9. diary -es 14. study -ed5. play -ed 10. boy -s 15. lay -ing

c) 1. prefer -ed 6. forget -ing 11. get -ing2. boil -ed 7. fat -est 12. fulfil -ed3. cut -ing 8. offer -ed 13 .cancel -ing4. big -er 9 .thin -er 14. hot -est5. fog -y 10. Dad -y 15. beat -ing

Exercise 142. Add the endings indicated to the following words:

1. lie -ing 6. buy -s 11. fine -est2. travel -ed 7. carry -ing 12. slim -er3. cry -ed 8. say -ing 13. die -ing4. twenty -eth 9. sleepy -er 14. Jim -yS. mud -y 10. lucky -est 1 5 .happy -ly

139

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Page 140: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

PATTERNS

Page 141: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Make sentences on the following patterns:

1 .

This is a j school.

That isn’t % the teacher’s 1 car.

a(n) !This my j

your 1is his ;

T hat her [ . . . .isn’t our |

It their J. . .’s [. . .’s [

2.

This J is a large house.

It isn’t an old church.

ThisThatItHeShe

is

isn’ta(n)

i

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Page 142: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

This is the door of the school.

That isn’t the window of the dining-room.

ThisThatIt

isisn't

the of

i

the

i

I have (got) three brothers.

Joe has (got) a lot o f books.

IYou We They T h e . . . s

have

've(got)

two

some few a few a lot o fa great num ber o f several

. . . s.HeSheT h e . . .

has's

------ !some bread.

little money.

some little a little a lot o f

Page 143: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

6.

There is somebody in the othei; room.Is there anything behind the cupboard?

There is

somebody something nobody nothing no one

inonbehindnear

There isn’t Is there

anybodyanythinganyone

7.

There is a , car in front of the house.

There are a lot of ; eggs in the basket.

isi

' a(n) ; *•*

There

are

two

some a lot of

111, . . . s11

_J-------------

8.

There isn’t any milk in the fridge.

A re there any glasses on the table?

There isn't Is there anyThere aren 't A re there

. . . s

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Page 144: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

9.

How many schools are there in the capital?

How much sugar is there in the kitchen?

How many . . . s arethere ?

How much......... . . _ i * * *L_.

is

10.

Is this dress new?

Is your car black o r brown?

Is

thisthatyourhisher

?

. . o r . . .?

11.

Are these roads dangerous?A re those blouses cheap or dear?

Are

thesethoseyourhisher

. . . s

?

. . . o r . . .?

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Page 145: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

12.

The cup is on your table.

His sister wasn’t at home.

isfcn’t was wasn’t will be won’t be

13.

The cats are on the roof.

Your clothes won’t be there.

. . .s

are aren’t were weren't will be wont’t be

14.

Johnny is as tall as his father.

This box isn’t as heavy as the other one.

isisn’twaswasn’t

as . . . as . . . .

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Page 146: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

15.

This pencil is longer than that one.

Mary is more beautiful than her sister.

is. . . er

thanmoreless

ii

16.

This boy is the strongest of them all.

That novel is the most famous of all.

is the. . . est of them all.

of all.mostleast

17.

W hat are you doing?

W hat is she reading?

W hatare you

they. . . ing?

isheshe

147

Page 147: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

I am writing an English letter.

They are listening to the radio.

I am*

. . . ing (. • ).

HeShe

is

WeYouThey

are

We often go to the theatre.

He always eats a lot.

IWeThey

always ~neverusually

oftenrarelysometimes

( . . . ) .

HeShe

. . . s

Do you come home late every day?

Does he go to school five times a week?

D o youthey

. . . ( . . . )ev e ry . . . ?. . . times a . . . ?

D oesheshe

Page 148: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

21.

Why do you study this language?

When does he get up on Sundays?

WhyW henW hereWhatHow

doyouthey

(• . .)?

doesheshe

22.

Who knows his name?

Who live in this house?

Who. . . s

. ?

...

Mary does.

The Browns do.

does.

. . . s do.

23.

I don’t like tea with milk.

She doesn’t want to get up early.

IYouWeThey

don’t

HeShe doesn’t

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24.

Joe arrived home yesterdaym om ing.

My brother spent a week in London last summer.

. . . ed yesterday.boijght yesterday morning.found afternoon.left evening.brought last night.made the day before yesterday.did the day before yesterdaywent in the morning.came afternoon.wrote evening.drank the night before last.ate last week.flew month.gave summer.drove year.met Monday.saw January.

: sokf once.spoke at that time.took on that day.began two days ago.lost on Monday.ran In January.spent in 1966.won on 1st June 1962.caught at the end of May.

at the beginning o f July.

150

Page 150: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

When did you dance with Mary?

How did they come home yesterday?

WhenWhyWhatWhereHow

did ( . . . ) ( . . . ) ?

Y our friend did.

My father did.

did.

Who wanted to speak to me?

Who bought this jacket for you?

Who

. . . e dboughtspoke . . .?

The children didn 't i enjoy the film.

We didn 't ! knowI what to do.

d idn 't | . . .

What are these people looking at?

Who did you wait for?

What

Who

areis

. . . ingwith?for?at?on?do

doesdid

151

Page 151: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

29.

I shall buy a new blouse tom orrow.>O ur teacher will go to England next sum mer.

shall arrive tomorrow.I > write tom orrow m orning.

will helplive

afternoon.evening.

We 11 work night.payplay

the day after tom orrow , the day after tom orrow

You post in the m orning.come afternoon.

He cook evening.

Shewill do the night after next.

make next week.

Theygive m onth.study sum m er.speak year

John spendtravel

M onday.January.

stay at once.

11finish very soon.

My friend ask as soon as possible.book on Sunday.bring on M onday m orning.

The girls dance in a few hours.eat in 2000.enjoy on 31st D ecem ber 1999.

in April.

152

Page 152: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

30.

When will your father come hom e?How will you do it?

WhenWhyWhatWhereHow

will ...?

31.

Jim won’t know how to do it.

We won’t arrive home early.

won’t

32.

I have ironed your shirt ; here it is.

Joe has broken the cup; as you can see.

IYouWeThey

have

’ve . . . en

here it is.

look at it!

as you can see.HeShe

has’s

Note that. . . en stands for the third form of the verb.

153

Page 153: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

33.

They have been ill for three days.

Betty has known Tom since 1984.

have has * . . . en for

since

34.

I have already seen this film.

Joe has just had a bath.

havehas

alreadyneverjustoften

. . . en

35.

We haven’t finished our work yet.

Jim hasn’t come home yet.

haven’thasn’t . . . en yet.

36.

Have you ever been to London?

Has your son never met my daughter?

HaveHas

everneveroften

. . . en

154

Page 154: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

37.

Have you spoken to my father yet?

Has the boy eaten his apple yet?

HaveHas

. . . en yet?

38.

It was raining all day yesterday.

The children were playing football when I saw them.

waswere

. . . ing

all day.at ten o ’clock.when . . . .(Simple Past)while . . . .(Past Cont.

or Simple Past)

39.

How long have you been sitting here?

How long has her brother been working in London?

How long havehas been . . . ing ...?

40.

I have j been waiting for her for half an hour.

Peter has j been studying French since Septem ber.i

have ! ,has | been

1_____ 1_____. . . ing for

sinceii________

155

Page 155: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

41.

We shall have finished our work before you come back.

Mary will have done it by threé o ’clock.

shallwill11

. J

have>

Í

. . . en

Í

by . . . o ’clock, by that time.before . . . (Simple Present) by the time . . .

(Simple Present)

42.

I shall | write a letter to him if I have time.

My sister will i read i

this book if she has time.

shall j will j ••• ’ii ;

if

43.

I should write a letter to him if I knew his name.

Tom would buy this novel if he had money.

shouldwould’d

if . . . ed ... .

44.

I should have jjbought it if I had had some money.

Betty would have gone home if she had been ill.

shouldwould’d

haveVe

. . . en if had’d

. . . en ... .

156

Page 156: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

45.

We needn’t stay at home.

My father shouldn’t drink so much coffee.

can (not)could(n’t)must(n’t)may (not)might (not)needn’tshould(n’t)

... .

46.

I had to work a lot.

M r Brown wouldn’t be able to buy such a car.

ought(n’t)havehashadwill have

idon’t !doesn’t ! . . . . . I have didn t jwon’t j

ito

am (not) is(n’t) a re(n’t) was(n’t) w ere(n’t) will be won’t be w ould(n’t) be

able

allowed

157

Page 157: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

We might as well ! have stayed at home.

They shouldn't j have laughed at her.1i

must i ican t > i may (not) » could(n’t) i have might (as well) j should(n 't) i ought(n’t) to ;

i

. . . en . . . .

This book was i written by Scott.

A hospital is being • built in this street.

ami• . . . en

is i askedare (being) . closed ibv )was 1 cooked KLfy - * -j.were 1 eatenwill J drunkshall be i foundwould i madeshould • posted

have i i read

has » 1 seen

had ; ; so w( , taken

will 1 ; been ■ ^ ashedshall ! 1 * beatenwould « have i 1 chosen ( . . . ) .should 1 i

i i i •

• 1 repaired i *

i

Page 158: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

49.

It must be finished in time.

The money may have been found by the police.

mustcan 'tmaycouldmightshouldneedn 'tought to

be

. . . en

(b y . . . ) .

have been

50.

His son told me that he was very happy.

Father wrote that Mary had been in London.

said

to ld . . .

wrote

thought

believed

that

. . . edlwas

w crc ! ine had been • * " 8w ould be I■had . . . en

would . . .

5 1 .1

Robert asked if wc were happy.

They wanted to know when the shop would be open.

asked

wondered

wanted to know

ifw hether

(See above.)whenwhathowwhyw here

159

Page 159: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

I was too tired to dance with her.

This boy is too young to get married.

. . . (s)

amisarewaswere

\o o

Tom is strong enough to lift that box.

She wasn’t clever enough to do that.

• • (s)

am (not), is(n’t)

are(n 't) was(n’t) w ere(n’t)

enough t o . . . (. . .).

It is very difficult for me to find them.

It w on’t be necessary for them to start early.

It

is(n't)

was(n’t)

will be

w on’t be

would(n’t)

goodbetterbadworseimportantdifficulteasynecessarypossibleimpossibleuselessusefulhard

( fo r . . .) ’ to . . . (. . .).

Page 160: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

55.

I don’t know w here to spend the night.

Will you tell me w hat to buy for the children.

I don’t knowI want to know whatI am wondering w hereTell me how to . . . (. . .)■Please tell me w h o se . . .Will you tell me I’ll ask him

which . . .

56.

Will you ask your father to be here by seven.

I told the children not to play football here.

Will you tell Will you ask I allowed He ordered She wants

(not) to . . . (. . .).

57.

She saw the boys break the window.

Robert heard som ebody open the door.

sawheardwatchedfeltnoticed

let

made

161

Page 161: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Youiare supposed to know the traffic rules.

His brother is said to be a good doctor.

>

„be"

saidsupposedbelievedthoughtknownseenheardmadetold

t o . . . . .).

I saw somebody coming down the stairs.

M r Jones heard ^ the thief * opening the window.

. . .

sawheardnoticedwatchedobservedfelt

. . . — in g (— )-

The thief was seen com ing down the stairs.

She was heard singing in the kitchen.

. .. „be”seenheardnoticed

. . . i n g ( . . . ) •

Page 162: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

His parents finished building their house.

Stop worrying about it.

„enjoy”„excuse”„finish”„im agine”„keep”„m ention”„m ind”„miss”„practise”„stop”„suggest”can 't helpcan 't stand

. . . i n g ( .

His sister likes reading English poems.

1 „d’love” to com e w ith you.

„like”„love”„hate”„prefer”„begin”„start”„continue”„rem em ber”„forget”„try”„go on”

t o . . . .).

i n g ( . . . ) .

Page 163: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

I don’t mind your/you opening the windows.

I rem em ber his son('s) speaking G erman well.

my/me v your/you

his/him her our/us their/them . . . f s )• • . s f )

• - • in g ( . . . ) .

Before going to bed. I always brush my teeth.

On seeing the bus. we hurried to the stop.

Before •A fterOnSinceBesidesByW ithout Instead of

How about having dinner in a restaurant?

W hat about going home tomorrow?

HowWhat about . . . i n g ( . . . ) ?

Page 164: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

66.

Subject Verb (+ Adverbial Modifier)

The children H er father They JohnThe two boys

are playing, d ied in 1986. live in the capital, has arrived, have gone to shool.

67.

Subject V erb Subject Complement (+ AdvM)

That old man Jack and Betty HeHer m other They

islook becam e has been seem

my uncle, very happy, a teacher.very ill for two months, better now.

68.

Subject V erb Object ( + AdvM)

They have finished their work.The child broke the cup yesterday.Charlie collects stamps.Mary is helping her mother in the kitchen.My daughter will study French next year.They w on’t laugh at him.His son sent for the doctor.We have w aited for you for two hours.She was looking at me.He thinks of everything.

165

Page 165: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

69.

Subject Verb Object Object (+ AdvM)

He will show you the way.They paid him enough last week.Peter has given M argaret an interesting book.I must buy myself a new pair of shoes.M r White asked him a difficult question.

Tom gave some meat to the dogs.He has sent a letter to his grandfather.The teacher explained it to the students.She made a dress for her daughter.She bought a hat for her husband.

70.

Subject Verb Object Object Complement (+ AdvM)

Mrs WilsonTheyIWeShe

paintedappointedsawfoundhad

the walls him the boy them the parcel

yellow last year, president, cross the street, sleeping under a tree, weighed at the post office.

166

Page 166: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, W. S.: Living English Structure. Practice Book for Foreign Students. London: Longmans, 1958.

Bolitho, R .-B . Tomlinson: Discover English. (A Language Aware­ness Workbook.) London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1984.

Budai L.: English Syntax (Theory and Practice.) Bp.: Tankönyv- kiadó, 1981.

Clarke,D. W .-M . D . M. Mackenzie: The Groundwork o f English Sentence Structure. London: Macmillan, 1963.

Drummond, G.: English Structure Practice. London: Longman, 1972.

French,F.G.: English in Tables. London: Oxford University Press, 1960.

Ridout, R .-S. Mason: Modern English Structures 1—4. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Education Limited, 1968-1970,1972.

Stone: Cambridge Proficiency English. London: Macmillan, 1969.Thompson, A. J. - A. V.Martinet: A Practical English Grammar.

Exercises 1-10. London: Oxford University Press, 1961-1972.Ward, J. M.: Peculiarities in English Grammar. London: Longman,

1970.Whitehall, H.: Structural Essentials o f English. London: Longmans,

1958.

167

Page 167: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

INDEX

(References are to exercises [E] and patterns [P] throughout.)

a, an E96, E98-99 able E43-44 a(n) or some E99 a(n) or the E98Accusative with the Infinitive E84, P56-57 Accusative with the Participle E84, P59 Adverbial Modifiers E135-136, P66-70 Adverbial Particles E134 Adverbs E117,:P19 Affirmative Sentences E125 after EI37Agreement E l26-127 all (the) E l03 a lot o f E102 already P34 always E 132 any E 100-101, P8 Articles E 96-99 as P14as soon as E137Auxiliary Verbs E43-50, P45-47, P49 Bare Infinitive E72, E84, P57 before E l37 both E104

168

Page 168: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

can(not) E43, E48, E50 Causative P57 Comparison P14-16 •Compound Nouns E95 Conditional Sentences E36-42, P42-44 Conjunctions E137, E139 could E43-44, E50 Definite Article E97-98 Derivative Nouns E92-94 Determiners E l 12 Direct and Indirect Commands E64

~ Object E131, P68-70 ~ Questions E60-62 ~ Speech E63

Disagreement E128 each E103 either E104 either. . . o r . . . E138 enough E74, P53 ever P36 every E103 few E102 /or E7, E131, P33 Formal Subject E129, P6-9 For-Phrase P54Frequency Adverbs E132, P19 Front-Position Adverbs E136 Future

~ Continuous E18, E25 ~ Perfect E19.E21.P41 ~ Perfect Continuous E26-27, E30 Simple ~ E17, E20, E23, E25, P29-31, P42 ~ Tenses E30, E34

Genitive P3Gerund E76, E86, P61, P63-65

~ or Infinitive E77-79, E86, P62 ~ or Participle E80, E86

169

Page 169: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

~ or Present Continuous E5 have to E46, E65-66 //-Clause E40-42, P42-44 Indefinite Article E96, E98-99 Indefinite Pronouns E99-105, P4—7 Indirect Commands E64

~ Object E £30-131~ Questions E60-62, E67, E69, E71, P51, P55 ~ Speech E5&-59, E62-63, E65-68, E70-71, P50

Infinitive E49-50, P72-75, E77-79, E84, E86, P45-47, P52-58 Interrogative Pronouns E107, E l 18 Interrogative Sentences E l 18-123, P9-11, P17, P20-22 it E l29 just P34 let P57 little E102 make P57 many E102, P9 may E48Mid-Position Adverbs. E132, P19 might P45, P47, P49 much E102, P9must E45-46, E48, E50, E65-66 mustn’t E45, E65-66 needn’t E45, E50, E65-66Negative Sentences E122-123, E125, P12, P23, P27, P31, P35neither E104neither. . . n o r . . . E138never E132, P34, P36Nominative with the Infinitive E84, P58Nominative with the Participle E84, P60Numbers E l 11Object

~ Complement P70 Direct ~ P68-69

going to E5, E24

170

Page 170: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Indirect ~ E130-131, P69 Prepositional ~ E133

0/-Genitive P3 often E132, P34, P36

-ought to P46-47. P49 Participle E80-81, E84, E86

Present or Past ~ E82-83 Particles E134, P59-60 Passive Voice E53-57, E84, P48-49 Past

~ Conditional E37-38, P44 ~ Continuous E ll-1 2 , P38 ~ Participle E81-83 ~ Perfect E14-15, P44 ~ Perfect Continuous E16 Simple ~ E10, E12-13, E15, P24-27, P43 ~ Tenses E29, E33

Perfect Infinitive E49-50, P47Perfect Tenses E6, E8-9, E13-14, E16, E19, E21-22, E31, P32-37,

P36-41, P44 Personal Pronouns E91, P l-4 Plurals E87-89Possessive Pronouns E106, P l , P10-11Postmodifiers El 14Premodifiers E l 13Prepositions E78, E l 15-117, P28Prepositional Object E l33Prepositional Phrase E l33, P6-9, P64Present

~ Conditional E36, E38, P43 ~ Continuous E3-5, E22-23, P17-18 ~ Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous E22 ~ Continuous or Simple Future E23 ~ Participle E82-83 ~ Perfect E6, E9, E13, E21, P32-37 ~ Perfect or Future Perfect E21

171

Page 171: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

~ Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous E9 ~ Perfect Continuous E8-9, E22, P39-40 Simple ~ E l-2 , E4, E20, PI9-23 ~ Tenses E28, E32

Pronouns E l 10Demonstrative ~ E91, P l-4 Indefinite ~ E99-105, P4-7 Interrogative ~ E107, E l 18 Possessive ~ E106, P l, P10-11 Relative ~ E108-109

Question-tags E124Questions E118-121, P10-11, P20-22, P25-26, P28, P31, P36-37,

P39Indirect ~ E60-62, E67

Question Words E107, E l 18 Relative Clauses E109 Relative Pronouns E108-109 seldom E132 Sentences

Affirmative ~ E125 Conditional ~ E36-42 Interrogative ~ E l 18-123 Negative ~ E122-123, E125

Sequence of Tenses E59, E61-62, E65-66, E68, E70-71, P50-51 shall E67Short Answers E125-128, P22, P26should E67-68Simple

~ Future E17, E20, E23, E25, P29-31, P42 ~ Future or Future Continuous E25 -P a s t E10, E15, P24-26 ~ Past or Past Continuous E12 ~ Past or Past Perfect E15 ~ Past or Present Perfect E13 ~ Present E2, E4, E20, P19-23 ~ Present or Present Continuous E4 ~ Present or Simple Future E20

172

Page 172: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

since E l, P33 Singular E l, E90

~ and Plural E89-91, E l 10 some E100-101 sometimes E l32 Spelling Rules E140-142 Subject P66-70

~ Complement P67 Formal ~ E129, P6-9

Tense E26, E27, E35, E55Future Continuous ~ E18,E25 Future Perfect ~ E19, E21, P41 Future Perfect Continuous ~ E26-27, E30 Past Continuous ~ E ll-1 2 , P38 Past Perfect ~ E14-15, P44 Past Perfect Continuous ~ E16 Present Continuous ~ E3-5, E22-23, P17-18 Present Perfect ~ E6, E9, E13, E21-22, P32-37 Present Perfect Continuous ~ E8-9, P39-40 Simple Future ~ E17, E20, E23, E25, P29-31, P42 Simple Past ~ E10, E12-13, E15, P24-27, P43 Simple Present ~ E l-2 , E4, E20, P19-23

than PI 5 the E97-98 there E129, P6-9this (that, these, those) P l-3 , P10-11 Time Clauses E137, P38, P41 Time Indicators P24, P29 too E74, P52 usually E l32Verbals E49-50, E72-81, E84-86 Voice

Active ~ E54, E56 Passive ~ E53-54, E56-57

was to E65-66, E68 what E l07 when E137

Page 173: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

whenever E137 whether. . . o r . . . E138 which E107 who E107 whose E107 w ishE 5l-52Word Order E135, P66-70 would E67 * yet P35, P37

Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó Rt.A kiadásért felel: dr. Ábrahám István vezérigazgató

Raktári szám: 81334 Felelős szerkesztő: Siórétiné Gyepes Judit

Utánnyomásra előkészítette: Benedek Mihály Műszaki vezető: Babicsné Vasvári Etelka igazgatóhelyettes

Műszaki szerkesztő: Hülber Péter Teljedelem: 11 (A/5) ív

9. kiadás, 1998 Borsodi Nyomda K ft

Felelős vezető: Ducsai György ügyvezető igazgató

Page 174: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

Nyelvvizsgázók, érettségizők figyelmébe lyányuk:

10164 Dr. Budai László-Radványi Tamás:

Angol nyelvtan a középiskolák számára

A gimnáziumi tankönyvek visszatérő hiányossága a kellő terjedelem­ben tárgyalt nyelvtan. A szerzők ezen a hiányosságon próbálnak segí­teni, amikor táblázatos összefoglalásban bemutatják az angol nyelv fo­netikai és alaktani sajátosságait. A kiejtés és írás problémáitól a szófajok és szószerkezetek ismertetésén át jutnak el a mondattanig, mindenütt részletes magyarázatot fűzve a nyelvi jelenségekhez és sajátosságokhoz. A könyv az Angol nyelvtani gyakorlatokkal együtt valóban nagy segít­séget jelent a felkészülésben.

56360 Bajnóczi Beatrix-Kiss Anikó-Haavisto Kirsi:

Tests, U ps and TVicks

Angol nyelvkönyv felvételire és nyelvvizsgára tanácsokkal és magyarázatokkal

A könyv megismertet az írásbeli vizsgák valamennyi feladattípusával, részletes nyelvtani magyarázatokkal megvilágítja, hogy az egyes fel­adatoknál melyik válaszlehetőség miért jó vagy rossz, tippeket ad a további gyakorláshoz. Két teljes próbafelvételi feladatsor segítségével lehetőséget teremt az öntesztelésre. Praktikus tanácsokkal is szolgál a vizsgára készülőknek. A középfokú nyelvvizsgára készülő diákoknak és felnőtteknek, valamint a felsőoktatási intézmények angol szakára jelent­kezőknek ajánljuk.

Page 175: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok

General Communication Skills and Exercises

A gimnázium EH. és IV. osztálya számára készült szöveggyűjtemény. Olyan témaköröket érint a könyv, amelyek a mindennapi élet legfonto­sabb területeit ölelik fel, tehát mindazoknak ajánljuk, akik praktikus, közhasznú és országismereti tudnivalókat szeretnének elsajátítani. Szó­ban és írásban is végezhető gyakorlatok, kommunikációs feladatok, pá­ros és csoportmunkára alkalmas gyakorlatok kaptak helyet a kötetben.

Az 1994-ben megjelenő újabb kiadást a szerzők átdolgozták, kiegé­szítették friss anyagokkal, információkkal és tetszetősebb illusztrációk­kal. A könyvhöz kazetta is készül.

81335 Jobbágy Ilona-Katona Lucia-Kevin Shopland

81335/1/M, 81335/1/H Jobbágy Ilona-Kelemen Ferenc

General Communication Skills and Exercises

Munkafüzet és kazetta

A munkafüzet az alapkönyvhöz hasonlóan 22 fejezetből áll, amelyek a szóbeli angol nyelvvizsgák leggyakoribb témaköreit veszik sorra. Egy- egy fejezet négy egységre tagolódik: a hallás utáni szövegértést szó­kincsfejlesztő és kiejtési gyakorlatok, megbeszélésre szánt feladatok kö­vetik, majd a magnó alapján kitölthető lyukas dalszövegeket találunk, valamint az olvasmányokhoz kapcsolódó feladatok segítségével egy nyelvtani kérdéskört ismételhetünk át. A kazettán az alapkönyv vala­mennyi fejezetének bevezető szövege, valamint egy brit/amerikai nép- dal található a M.É.Z. együttes tolmácsolásában.

Page 176: Dr Budai Laszlo Angol Nyelvtani Gyakorlatok