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Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim
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Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

Jan 04, 2016

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Page 1: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim

Page 2: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

DIGASTRIC MUSCLE:• Origin: by 2 bellies:1.1. Anterior belly:Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of

mandible2.2. Posterior belly:Posterior belly: from mastoid notch• Insertion: both bellies unite in an

intermediate tendon held by a fibrous loop into the hyoid bone

• Nerve supply: 1.1. Anterior belly:Anterior belly: nerve to myelohyoid2.2. Posterior belly:Posterior belly: facial nerve

Page 3: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

STYLOHYOID MUSCLE:

• Origin: styloid process

• Insertion: hyoid bone

• Nerve supply: facial nerve

Page 4: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

MYELOHYOID MUSCLE:

• Origin: myelohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: the muscles on both sides meet in a median raphe extending from symphysis menti to hyoid bone

• Nerve supply: nerve to myelohyoid

Page 5: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

GENIOHYOID MUSCLE:

• Origin: inferior genial tubercle

• Insertion: hyoid bone

• Nerve supply: ventral ramus of C1

Page 6: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

ACTIONS OF SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

1. Fixation of hyoid bone (acting with infrahyoid muscles) during movement of tongue.

2. Depression of mandible to assist lateral pterygoid in opening of the mouth

3. Elevation of hyoid bone to elevate the floor of mouth & to improve tongue grip

Page 7: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE

STYLOGLOSSUS MUSCLE (MOST SUPERFICIAL):

• Origin: styloid process

• Insertion: whole length of side of tongue

• Action: the muscles on both sides draw the tongue upwards & backwards

Page 8: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE

HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE:

• Origin: hyoid bone

• Insertion: posterior half of side of tongue

• Action: the muscles on both sides depress the tongue

Page 9: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE

GENIOGLOSSUS (DEEPEST MUSCLE):

• Origin: superior genial tubercle

• Insertion: whole length of side of tongue

• Action: the muscles on both sides protrude the tongue

Page 10: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE

PALATOGLOSSUS:

• Origin: soft palate

• Insertion: back of side of tongue

• Action: the muscles on both sides draw the tongue towards soft palate

Page 11: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

NERVE SUPPLY OF EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF TONGUE

• ALL MUSCLES ARE SUPPLIED BY HYPOGLOSSAL (12TH CRANIAL) NERVE EXCEPT: PALATOGLOSSUS (BY CRANIAL PART OF ACCESSORY NERVE)

Page 12: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUBMANDIBULAR REGION(Ramus of mandible is removed)

SubmandibularGland

(Superficial part)

MyelohyoidHyoglossus Sublingual

gland

Styloglossus

Stylohoid

DigastricPosterior belly

Hyoid bone DigastricAnterior belly

MANDIBLE

S.P.

Page 13: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUBMANDIBULAR REGION(Superficial part of submandibular gland is removed)

Deep part ofsubmandibulargland

Myeolohyoid

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Sublingualgland

Hyoid bone DigastricAnterior belly

DigastricPosterior Belly

S.P.

MANDIBLE

Page 14: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

RELATIONS OF HYOGLOSSUS(Myelohyoid & digastric muscles are removed)

Geniohyoid

Genioglossus

Lingualartery

Externalcarotidartery

Lingualnerve

Styloglossus

Stylopharyngeus

Glossopharyngealnerve

Hypoglossalnerve

Submandibularganglion

Submandibularduct

Hyoglossus

Stylohyoidligament

Deep part ofsubmandibulargland

Sublingual gland

Page 15: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUBMANDIBULAR REGION

1

2

3

Page 16: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

LINGUAL ARTERY• BEGINNING: from anterior aspect of external

carotid artery, in the carotid triangle, opposite the tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone

• COURSE: has a tortuous course, divided into 3 parts:

• FIRST PART: forms a loop crossed by hypoglossal nerve

• SECOND PART: runs along upper border of greater cornu of hyoid bone, deep to hyoglossus

• THIRD PART: ascends along anterior border of hyoglossus & runs along the under surface of tongue to reach its tip & anastomoses with artery of opposite side

Page 17: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

BRANCHES OF LINGUAL ARTERY

• FROM FIRST PART: Suprahyoid artery: runs along upper border of greater cornu of hyoid bone, superficial to hyoglossus, supplying adjacent muscles

• FROM SECOND PART: Two dorsal lingual arteries: supply dorsum of tongue

• FROM THIRD PART: Sublingual artery: supplies sublingual gland & mucous membrane of floor of mouth

• N.B.: VEINS CORRESPONDING TO BRANCHES OF LINGUAL ARTERY UNITE TO FORM A SINGLE LINGUAL VEIN THAT DRAINS INTO INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

Page 18: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION• It is a small parasympathetic ganglion lying

superficial to hyoglossus & is connected to lingual nerve by 2 roots (anterior & posterior)

• Origin of fibers: superior salivary nucleus in pons

• Preganglionic fibers: 1. Runs along chorda tympani branch of facial

nerve 2. Chorda tympani transmits fibers to lingual nerve

branch of mandibular nerve 3. Lingual nerve transmits fibers to ganglion

through posterior root

Page 19: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION

• Postganglionic fibers:

1.1. To submandibular gland:To submandibular gland: fibers are distributed directly to the gland

2.2. To sublingual gland:To sublingual gland:

• Fibers pass along anterior root to lingual nerve again

• Lingual nerve transmits fibers to sublingual gland

Page 20: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

RELATIONS OF HYOGLOSSUS

SUPERFICIAL (LATERAL):

• 2 MUSCLES: myelohyoid, styloglossus

• 2 NERVES: lingual, hypoglossal

• 2 GLANDS: superficial & deep parts of submandibular glands

• 2 SUBMANDIBULAR: duct & ganglion

Page 21: Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim. SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DIGASTRIC MUSCLE: Origin: by 2 bellies: 1.Anterior belly: 1.Anterior belly: from digastric fossa of mandible.

RELATIONS OF HYOGLOSSUS

DEEP (MEDIAL):

• 1 MUSCLE: genioglossus

• 1 NERVE: glossopharyngeal

• 1 VESSEL: Lingual

• 1 LIGAMENT: stylohyoid