Dna Cryptography

AN ENCRYPTION SCHEME USING DNA TECHNOLOGY

ByDept. of Control of Science & Engineering, Houzang Uni. China

Delivered By

BILAL TANOLI

SCHEME OF PRESENTATION

Introduction to DNAStructure of DNAWhy DNA Computing …?Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)DNA Digital CodingEncryption SchemeConclusion

INTRODUCTION TO DNA

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA represents the genetic blueprint of living creatures

DNA is organized into chromosomes , which are present within the nuclei of the cells.

A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein and thus determines a trait.

STRUCTURE OF THE DNA

DNA is made of 2 long strands of nucleotides arranged in a specific way called the "Complementry Rule”

Sides”Sugar-phosphate backbones

“ladders”complementary base pairsAdenine & ThymineGuanine & Cytosine

STRUCTURE OF DNA

Two strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs

GENETIC DIVERSITY

Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms.

WHY DNA COMPUTING…?

Limitations of Moor’s law

Life cycle of silicon chip will come to an end.

Intel scientists say it will happen in about the year 2018

Require a successor to silicon.

WHY DNA COMPUTING…?

It provides massive parallel processing.

Huge storage capability.

A super computer can achieve 10^12 ops /sec. In sharp contrast the DNA computers can achieve speeds up to 10^17 ops/ sec.

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is scientific technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies a particular DNA sequence.

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

DNA DIGITAL CODING binary digital coding has a base of 2, and

anything can be encoded by two state 0 or 1 DNA Digital Coding has four kinds of bases,

which are adenine (A) and thymine (T) or cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA sequence.

The simplest coding patterns to encode the 4nucleotide bases (A, T, C, G) is by means of 4digits: 0(00),1(01), 2(10), 3(11).

DNA DIGITAL CODING

DNA digital coding follows a Watson-Crick complementary rule i.e. (~0)=1, and (~1=0) .

According to this complementary rule, DNA digital code 0(00) complements to 3(11) and 1(01) complements to 2(10).

ENCRYPTION SCHEME

Key Generation

The message-sender Alice designs a forward primer for PCR amplification & sends it to bob

Bob also designs a reverse primer for PCR amplification and transmits it to Alice over a secure channel.

ENCRYPTION SCHEME

The exchange of pair of PCR primers gives:

Encryption key KA that is a pair of PCR primers

Bob’s public key e, decryption key KB that is a pair of PCR

primers Bob’s secret key d.

ENCRYPTION

PRETREATMENT DATA PROCESS Convert plain text to hexadecimal Convert hexadecimal into binary plain text M’. M’ is converted into the binary cipher text C’ by

using Bob’s public key e. Binary cipher text C’ is converted into DNA

sequence according to the DNA digital coding technology.

secrete-message DNA sequence is placed among dummies.

DECRYPTION

Bob picks up the secret-message DNA sequence by using the correct primer pairs.

Bob translates the secret-message DNA sequence into the binary ciphertext C ‘.

C’ is decrypted into M ‘by using secret key e.

Applying data post treatment on M’ gives M.

ENCRYPTION SCHEME

CONCLUSION

Technologies used in this scheme: DNA synthesis. PCR amplification DNA digital coding . Traditional cryptography.Security ConcernsPCR two primer pairs used as keyComplex biological operationsCryptographic algorithms

Q & A

THANK YOU