Diversity. Three Domains of Living Things The Tree of Life The Three Domains of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary History.

DiversityDiversity

Three Domains of Living ThingsThree Domains of Living Things

The Tree of LifeThe Tree of Life

The Three The Three DomainsDomains of Life Represent the Earliest of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary HistoryBranches in Evolutionary History

ArchaeaArchaeaBacteriaBacteria

Protists: AlgaeProtists: AlgaePhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic

Using ChloroplastsUsing Chloroplasts

Single-celled Single-celled AlgaeAlgae

Euglenoids have Euglenoids have a single flagelluma single flagellum

Dinoflagellates move Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. with two whiplike flagella.

Diatoms have silica shells.Diatoms have silica shells.

Protists: AlgaeProtists: AlgaePhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic

Using ChloroplastsUsing Chloroplasts

Multicellular Multicellular AlgaeAlgae

Fungus-Like Fungus-Like ProtistsProtists

Heterotrophic by Heterotrophic by AbsorptionAbsorption

Water mold Water mold Slime moldSlime mold

Animal-Like Animal-Like Protists: ProtozoaProtists: Protozoa

•HeterotrophicHeterotrophic by Ingestion by Ingestion•Distinguished byDistinguished by Locomotion Locomotion

Sporozoans have noSporozoans have nomeans of locomotionmeans of locomotion

Sarcodines moveSarcodines movewith pseudopodiawith pseudopodia

Animal-Like Animal-Like Protists: ProtozoaProtists: Protozoa

•HeterotrophicHeterotrophic by Ingestion by Ingestion•Distinguished byDistinguished by Locomotion Locomotion

Zooflagellates use Zooflagellates use flagella for movement.flagella for movement.

Ciliates use ciliaCiliates use ciliafor movement. for movement.

Zygote FungiZygote Fungi• Live in soil and on decaying plant matterLive in soil and on decaying plant matter

• Zygoporangia = reproductive structuresZygoporangia = reproductive structures producing spores producing spores

Sac FungiSac Fungi• Ascus = sac that surrounds sporesAscus = sac that surrounds spores

Club FungiClub Fungi• Basidium = club-shaped reproductive Basidium = club-shaped reproductive

structure that produces sporesstructure that produces spores

Imperfect FungiImperfect Fungi• Sexual reproduction has not been Sexual reproduction has not been

observedobserved

Evolutionary Evolutionary TreeTree

of Major of Major Plant Plant

GroupsGroups

Ancestral AlgaeAncestral AlgaeAncestral AlgaeAncestral Algae

Liver-Liver-wortsworts MossesMosses

BryophytesBryophytes

True vascular tissueTrue vascular tissue& lignin appear& lignin appear

FernsFerns Gymno-Gymno-spermssperms

Seeds andSeeds andpollen appearpollen appear

Flowers &Flowers &Fruits appearFruits appear

Seed PlantsSeed Plants

Angio-Angio-spermssperms

TracheophytesTracheophytes

Shows Shows increasing increasing

adaptations adaptations for land for land dwellingdwelling

BryophytaBryophyta PterophytaPterophyta Conifero-Conifero-phytaphyta

AnthophytaAnthophyta

MossesMosses

FernsFerns

GymnospermsGymnospermsSeed Plants without FlowersSeed Plants without Flowers

AngiospermsAngiospermsFlowering PlantsFlowering Plants

Categories of AngiospermsCategories of Angiosperms

Evolutionary Developments Leading to Present-Day Animal

Phyla

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

Protist Protist AncestorAncestor

P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges

P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals

tissues

Phylum PoriferaPhylum PoriferaSpongesSponges

Phylum CnidariaPhylum CnidariaCoral,Coral, Hydra, Anemones Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfishand Jellyfish

Body SymmetryBody Symmetry

Body PlansBody Plans

DiploblasticDiploblastic TriploblasticTriploblastic

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

P. PlatyhelminthesP. PlatyhelminthesflatwormsflatwormsProtist Protist

AncestorAncestorP. PoripheraP. Poriphera

spongessponges

P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals

tissues

triploblastic

bilateral symmetry

cephalization

Body Plan DevelopmentsBody Plan Developments

CephalizationCephalization SegmentationSegmentation

Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum PlatyhelminthesTapeworms, Flukes , FlatwormsTapeworms, Flukes , Flatworms

Phylum NematodaPhylum NematodaRoundwormsRoundworms

Phylum AnnelidaPhylum AnnelidaSegmented WormsSegmented Worms

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Coelom: body cavity lined on all sidesCoelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells by a layer of mesodermal cells

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented

wormsworms

P. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms

P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam

Protist Protist AncestorAncestor

P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges

P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals

P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms

tissues

triploblastic

bilateral symmetry

cephalization

cuticle

segmentation

Coelom?

Phylum MolluscaPhylum MolluscaClams, Chitons, Snails, SquidClams, Chitons, Snails, Squid

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

P. ArthopodaP. Arthopodainsectsinsects

chitin

jointed appendages

P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms

tissuesP. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms

Protist Protist AncestorAncestor

P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges

P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals

P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented

wormsworms

P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam

triploblastic

bilateral symmetry

cephalization

cuticle

segmentation

Coelom?

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropodainsects, crabs, spidersinsects, crabs, spiders

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermatasea stars, sand dollars,sea stars, sand dollars,

sea urchinssea urchins

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

P. EchinidermataP. Echinidermatasea starssea stars

P. ChordataP. Chordata

deuterostome developmental pattern

Protist Protist AncestorAncestor

P. PoripheraP. Poripheraspongessponges

P. CnidariaP. Cnidariacoralscorals

P. PlatyhelminthesP. Platyhelminthesflatwormsflatworms

P. AnnelidaP. Annelidasegmentedsegmented

wormsworms

P. NematodaP. Nematodaroundwormsroundworms

P. ArthopodaP. Arthopodainsectsinsects

P. MolluscaP. Molluscasnail, clamsnail, clam

tissues

triploblastic

bilateral symmetry

cephalization

cuticle

segmentation

chitin

jointed appendages

Coelom?

Comparison of Protostomes to DeuterostomesComparison of Protostomes to Deuterostomes

cleavage = cell divisions following fertilizationcleavage = cell divisions following fertilizationblastopore = first opening in embryoblastopore = first opening in embryo

Mouth forms from first opening

Mouth forms from second

opening

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal GroupsEvolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups

P. EchinidermataP. Echinidermatasea starssea stars

P. ChordataP. Chordata

Sub P. UrochordataSub P. Urochordata

Sub P. Cephalochodata Sub P. Cephalochodata

Sub P. Vertebrata Sub P. Vertebrata

FishesFishes(5-7 classes) (5-7 classes)

C. Amphibia C. Amphibia frogfrog

C. MammaliaC. Mammaliawhale, mouse whale, mouse

C. “Reptilia”C. “Reptilia”lizards lizards

C. AvesC. Avesbirds birds

Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata

SubphylumSubphylum Urochordata Urochordata

tunicates, sea squirtstunicates, sea squirts

SubphylumSubphylum Cephalochordata Cephalochordata

lanceletslancelets

Class AgnathaClass Agnathajawless fishesjawless fishes

Class ChondrichhthyesClass Chondrichhthyes cartilaginous fishcartilaginous fish

Class OsteichthyesClass Osteichthyesbony fishbony fish

Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

5-7 classes of fish, including5-7 classes of fish, including

Class AmphibiaClass Amphibiafrogs, toads, salamandersfrogs, toads, salamanders

Class AvesClass Avesbirdsbirds

Class Reptilia Class Reptilia lizards, snakes, lizards, snakes,

turtles, alligatorsturtles, alligators

Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

Class Mammalia:Class Mammalia:monotremes, marsupials, placentals monotremes, marsupials, placentals

Phylum ChordataPhylum ChordataClasses of Sub-Phylum VertebrataClasses of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata