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DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS LIMA - PERU
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DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Mar 27, 2015

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Page 1: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS

Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco

MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURALUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

LIMA - PERU

Page 2: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

PERU

The territory of Peru covers 1,285,256 km².It neighbors Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

Page 3: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Extension: 15 000 000 haExtension: 15 000 000 ha

PERUVIAN YUNGAS

Characteristics:The complex geology of the Andes has generated a landscape rich in biodiversity, endemism and unique ecosystems

Elevation: 800 – 3600 mElevation: 800 – 3600 m

Page 4: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

MAMMALS

Eco region Diversity Endemic sp. %

Oceanic 35 0 0BT Pacific 58 0 0BS Ecuatorial 60 2 3.4Desert 54 6 10.2S. Esteparia 72 12 20.3Paramo 23 4 6.8Puna 60 8 13.6Yungas 210 37 62.7Rainforest 286 13 22Sabana 60 1 1.7

Page 5: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Endemism by Orders

Page 6: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

METHODS

Page 7: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

ORDERS SPECIES

Rodentia 29

Chiroptera 4

Primates 3

Artiodactyla 1

Cingulata 1

Didelphimorphia 1

Paucituberculata 1

40

Endemic Species

7

TYPE A

TYPE B

TYPE C

Page 8: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Habitat-Geographic Barriers

Endemic Species

LANDSCAPE

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS

Species Data RECORDS

Tools

Page 9: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Polygons elaboration

Compilation of Species

Information (literature,

museum records &

observations)

Polygons = Probable

Distribution

Create DataBase

Page 10: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

TYPE A: POLYGONS

Polygon around the species records

Arc View 3

Page 11: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

TYPE B: DEDUCTIVE MODEL

Species records Altitudinal

ranges –

Digital

Elevation

Model (DEM) North and South

limits Arc View 3

Page 12: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

TYPE C: INDUCTIVE MODEL

Environmental variables layer

Elevation MODIS Arc View 3 Maxent

(a statistical mechanics approach)

Page 13: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Bio2 (Mean Temperature Diurnal Range)

Bio3 (Isothermality)

Bio13 (Precipitation of Wettest Month)

Bio14 (Precipitation of Driest Month)

Bio15 (Precipitation Seasonality)

Elevation

Slope

Topographic exposure

Percent tree cover*

Evi_pca1_5*: Principal component axis 1 of  temporal MODIS EVI data

Evi_pca2_5*: Principal component axis 2 of  temporal MODIS EVI data

VARIABLES

*summarized within 5 km moving window

Page 14: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

RESULTS

Page 15: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Distribution along the Yungas

DEPRESION DE HUANCABAMBA

DEPARTMENTS LIMITS

Akodon aerosus

Page 16: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Distribution centered in the North

DEPRESION DE HUANCABAMBA

HUALLAGA RIVER

Akodon orophilus

Page 17: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

PERENE RIVER

INAMBARI RIVER

Oecomys phaeotis

Central Distribution

Page 18: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

INAMBARI RIVER

DEPARTMENT LIMIT

Distribution centered in the South

Akodon kofordi

Page 19: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Sturnira nana

Punctual Distribution

Page 20: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

TAMBO RIVER

DEPARTMENT LIMIT

Carollia manu

Exceptions:

Page 21: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Gracilinanus aceramarcae

Page 22: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

Gracilinanus aceramarcae

Page 23: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

PRIORITY AREAS

Deductive Model

•Yungas Centrales de Bolivia

Inductive model

•Norwest of Huánuco

Above Inambari River

•Cordillera occidental de Vilcabamba

•Cordillera de Paucartambo

Page 24: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

The species distribution model allows us to minimize errors by collecting specimens nearer to the roads and rivers.

Identify the remote natural areas in which it is likely that a species is located, based on the characteristics that they share with previously sampled sites.

The polygons around the points don’t provide the necessary precision for regional conservation in Peru.

CONCLUSIONS

Page 25: DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC MAMMALS IN THE PERUVIAN YUNGAS Heidi Quintana & Victor Pacheco MUSEO DE HISTORIA NATURAL UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS.

THANK YOU!

SCGIS Heidi Quintana [email protected]