Distribution automation and SCADA

Introduction (What Is SCADA?)Stands for supervisory control And data acquisition.SCADA systems are used in industrial processes: steel making, power generation (conventional and nuclear) and distribution.There Are 4 Components In the SCADA System.

MMI ServerActive ServerHOT StandbyF E P 1

F E P 2SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SCADA SYSTEMLAN 1LAN 2MMIMMIRTURTU RTURTUCOMMUNICATION LINK (PLCC, FOC, DEDICATED BSNL, MICRO WAVE, VSAT)POWER HOUSE / SUBSTATION

SCADA Components Field Instrumentation.Sensors, devices to control.Remote Terminal Units.RTU Vs. PLCCommunications Network.Equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites Central Monitoring StationCollecting information gathered by the remote stations to generate the necessary action

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

4 x Analog OutputsInternal / External power supply Source 0-20mA, 4-20mA(Voltage output with external resistor) Short circuit protected RTU PDS eNET OVERVIEW DIGITAL / ANALOG OUTPUTS

RTUs fuctionsMotorola based CPU 68K seriesAddl Comm Ports (Total 9 nos) for Local. monitoring, printing of SOEs, etc.,Time synchronized with GPSTime stamping Resolution: 1msec (SOE)Storage of events : 500L/R switch status can be monitored at host level Communication to FEP std protocol : 870 5 101CRITICAL (Imp) RTUs with Alternate Commn Channel All connected through PLCC / FOC / M-wave

*FEP ( Front End Processor Gathers all data from field

Communication interface between several RTU channels and the host Master Station computer

*MAN MACHINE INTERFACE COMPUTER USED BY THE SHIFT ENGINEER To view Real time data in different formsTo execute control operationsTo generate instant / periodical reportsTo make modifications in pictures, data base (Programmers console)

*SERVERS Process the raw data received

Display Real Time Engg data on MMIs

Stores Data for future usage

Report Generation etc.,

SCADA EQPT IN

MASTER CONTROL CENTRE

FEPS, SERVERS,MMIsPRINTERS,LANs

PCs / IBM / SUN SYSTEMSUNIX / LYNIX OS

SYBASE / ORACLE RDBMS

AUTOCAD / OTHER DRAWING SW

Power System Simulator ( PSS):The objective of the PSS is to simulate a real power system.Power system should be divide in to three sections , the generator station, transmission line and load ( distribution section ).

PSS PartsGenerator Stations

Transmission lines

The loads

SensorsIn the industry field is now using computers to control and motions and sequences of machines. PLC cannot see, hear, feel or tester processes by themselves but use industrial sensors to give industrial controllers these capabilities. In our project the Sensors are used as feedback to PLC from PSS to enhance the system performance.

SensorsThere were different types of sensor that will be used like Voltage sensor, current sensor, frequency sensor and power sensor.

Current sensor have rating of 0 5 A. Voltage sensor has a rating of 0 - 150 V. Frequency sensor, it has a rating of 0 -100Hz. Power sensor, it has rating of 0- 5 A and 0 150 v. The outputs from all sensors which going to RTU were 4 20 mA. It is used this rating to sense any problem in system .

Wiring

RTU

Input Port

12V

0V

Output Port

Internal Relay

Relay1(External)

Common

0V

Common

Transistor Switch

12V

Auxiliary Switch

R1

220V

Start

ISaGRAF

Future PlansStand by generator.Adding generator 2 to the system.Power factor correction.Load scheduling.Improving the previous SCADA program.

Improving the SCADA programSome blocks will be added to increase the speed of analyses process. This process will be applied on the LADDER program.The Graphical Interface will be enhanced. This process will be applied on Citect.

Advantages Of SCADA systemsEasily programmed or reprogrammed Easy maintained (self diagnostic).Capability to do arithmetic function.The ability to communicate with other controller or a master host computer.PLCs. were able to move past simple on/off control to more complex schemes as PID control.

Applications Of SCADAAlmost every business in the manufacturing sector and many in the service sector AerospaceBottling and CanningChemicals PlantsPetroleum, PetrochemicalPower generation and transmission\Traction

DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION FUNCTIONALITYDistribution Automation means the Automation of Distribution substations, feeder monitoring and control and Consumer metering functions.

HYDERABAD DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION SERVER 1SERVER 2FEP 1FEP 2MMI1MMI2SS 1SS 2SS 3RTURTURTURTURTURTURTURTURTUTDMA(2.3GHZ)EHT SUBSTATIONSMAR(900MHz)110 Nos RTUs AT 33/11 KV SUBSTATIONSLAN 1LAN 2D.A : I, KV, MW, MVAR, ENERGY TAP NO

S.C : CB CLOSE/ OPEN

DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION CONTROL FUNCTIONSCustomer load demandPeak load pricingLoad sheddingSudden load pickupCapacitor controlVoltage regulationFeeder load managemantTranformer load mangement

NEED FOR LOAD DESPATCH CENTRES Electricity cannot be stored ( bulk power) Power Generation & Utilisation have to be simultaneous Hence a Centralised Organisation to Co-ordinate the activities of Generation, Transmission and Distribution is needed to achieve reliability and optimum efficiency and to derive maximum benefit from the available sources of power. This Coordinating Centralised agency is called the Load Despatch Centre.Slide 5

DATA RequiredFor monitoring & timely by action ANALOG INPUTDIGITAL INPUT MW, MVAROF GENS LINES TRS.KV, HZ, PFTr TAPS (OLTC)CURRENTS (3PH)etc.,Status of CBs IsolatorsSOE Alarms

DIGITAL OUTPUTSupervisory controlRemote operationOf breakers

Main taskMatching the total Gen to meetThe total load on grid under SAFEParameters (Hz, Voltage)Involved FactorsGen : - Possible generation(optimal and economical) limitsOf MW / MVAROutages of Units

2. Lines : loading limits (MW, MVAR)Breakdowns / Shunt downs 3. Voltage profile at diff. Buses4. Interstate drawals 5. Drawals of shares from CGS6. Alternate sources of supply toImp loads, Rlys, factories etc.,7. Load shedding & Restoration

Grid network systemOf Area, State, Region,NationPHsEHTTransmission400KV, 220KV132KV, 110KVPower Trs.etc., SubTransmission& Distribution33KV, 11KVDistri.Trans. etc

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