Disasters. 9/11 Facts about 9/11: Facts about 9/11: Price tag of $700 million to clear and repair the Pentagon Price tag of $700 million to clear and.

DisastersDisasters

9/119/11

Facts about 9/11:Facts about 9/11: Price tag of $700 million to clear Price tag of $700 million to clear

and repair the Pentagonand repair the Pentagon 91 baseball games were 91 baseball games were

postponed in the six days Major postponed in the six days Major League Baseball suspended play- League Baseball suspended play- longest postponement, excluding longest postponement, excluding work stoppages for regular season work stoppages for regular season games since WWIIgames since WWII

15 million square feet of office 15 million square feet of office space was lost at the WTC, space was lost at the WTC, more than 3x the amount of more than 3x the amount of space at the Sears Tower in space at the Sears Tower in ChicagoChicago

4,600 Pentagon workers had to 4,600 Pentagon workers had to be relocated temporarilybe relocated temporarily

1337 vehicles were crushed 1337 vehicles were crushed when towers collapsedwhen towers collapsed

91 FDNY vehicles crushed 91 FDNY vehicles crushed (more than half of the fire (more than half of the fire vehicles in Louisville)vehicles in Louisville)

1.5 million working hours 1.5 million working hours during 261 days were spent during 261 days were spent removing debris at the WTC removing debris at the WTC sitesite

FBI assigned more than 2500 FBI assigned more than 2500 of its 11,500 agents to anti-of its 11,500 agents to anti-terrorism operationsterrorism operations

Half of Washington’s 25,000 Half of Washington’s 25,000 hotel workers lost their jobs hotel workers lost their jobs in September 2001- half of in September 2001- half of those were eventually rehiredthose were eventually rehired

Kejo- a police and military Kejo- a police and military equipment seller, sold more equipment seller, sold more than 1000 gas masks in than 1000 gas masks in September- up from the usual September- up from the usual 100 a year100 a year

The Salvation Army served The Salvation Army served 3,231,681 meals at the WTC 3,231,681 meals at the WTC site from Sept 11 to May 30site from Sept 11 to May 30

70% of Americans say they 70% of Americans say they have experienced depression have experienced depression since the attackssince the attacks

New York State Office of New York State Office of Mental Health estimates Mental Health estimates more than 33,000 showed more than 33,000 showed symptoms of PTSDsymptoms of PTSD

422,000 of New Yorkers 422,000 of New Yorkers suffering from PSTD as a suffering from PSTD as a result of 9/11result of 9/11

Monthly revenue for airport Monthly revenue for airport limos a month after Sept 11 fell limos a month after Sept 11 fell from $666 million to $333 from $666 million to $333 million nationallymillion nationally

Average daily take of the Afghan Average daily take of the Afghan Grill in Edison , NJ dropped Grill in Edison , NJ dropped from $1300 to $100 a month from $1300 to $100 a month after the attacksafter the attacks

$900 million raised by end of $900 million raised by end of 2002 from Dept of 2002 from Dept of Transportation’s $2.50 passenger Transportation’s $2.50 passenger ticket fee to help pay for aviation ticket fee to help pay for aviation securitysecurity

Emmys postponed twice- Sept Emmys postponed twice- Sept 16, and Oct 7 (when US began 16, and Oct 7 (when US began airstrikes in Afghanistan)airstrikes in Afghanistan)

October of 2001- 55,000 jobs October of 2001- 55,000 jobs were lost nationwide at eateries- were lost nationwide at eateries- nationally, restaurant sales nationally, restaurant sales declined $6 billion in Sept 2001declined $6 billion in Sept 2001

Airline industry lost $5 billion Airline industry lost $5 billion from Sept 11 to Sept 30 and from Sept 11 to Sept 30 and requested $24 billion in aid from requested $24 billion in aid from federal govtfederal govt

Because of tighter restrictions- Because of tighter restrictions- drugs seized along border fell by drugs seized along border fell by 80% in two weeks after terrorist 80% in two weeks after terrorist attacksattacks

Donations of $1.88 billion related Donations of $1.88 billion related to Sept 11 accounted for nearly to Sept 11 accounted for nearly 1% of all charitable giving in 1% of all charitable giving in 20012001

Hotel occupancy dropped to Hotel occupancy dropped to 52.3% Sept 16-Sept 22 down 52.3% Sept 16-Sept 22 down from 25.9% from 2000from 25.9% from 2000

268 marriage licenses issued 268 marriage licenses issued in Hawaii Sept 11 to Sept 18, in Hawaii Sept 11 to Sept 18, down from 732 licenses down from 732 licenses issued the same week in 2000issued the same week in 2000

The Tribute in Light- illuminated The Tribute in Light- illuminated New York skyline nightly from New York skyline nightly from March 11 through April 13- used March 11 through April 13- used $10,000 of electricity$10,000 of electricity

TSA needs 67,000 employees to TSA needs 67,000 employees to screen airline passengers and screen airline passengers and luggage (up from 23,600 from luggage (up from 23,600 from beginning of Sept)beginning of Sept)

New York City’s Verizon- 230 New York City’s Verizon- 230 million calls a day the week after million calls a day the week after Sept 11- normal call volume was Sept 11- normal call volume was half of thathalf of that

New York Stock Exchange- New York Stock Exchange- reopened Sept 17- half of financial reopened Sept 17- half of financial district was without electricity district was without electricity and had to use generatorsand had to use generators

Centers for Disease Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tested air at Ground Prevention tested air at Ground Zero 1,174 times from Sept 18 to Zero 1,174 times from Sept 18 to Oct 4Oct 4

21 office buildings in Lower 21 office buildings in Lower Manhattan (same number of Manhattan (same number of buildings in Southtown section of buildings in Southtown section of Kansas City) were affected by Kansas City) were affected by attacksattacks

By end of 2003- New York City had By end of 2003- New York City had a loss of 57,000 jobs due to the a loss of 57,000 jobs due to the attackattack

More than 700 businesses in the More than 700 businesses in the WTC complex (2x as many in Mall WTC complex (2x as many in Mall of America) either were destroyed of America) either were destroyed or severely damaged- 22,000 or severely damaged- 22,000 people in Lower Man. Had people in Lower Man. Had requested job loss benefits 30 days requested job loss benefits 30 days after Sept 11after Sept 11

Broadway- made $9.6 million Broadway- made $9.6 million for the week ending Sept 9, for the week ending Sept 9, 2001, for the week ending 2001, for the week ending Sept 16, earned $3.5 million, Sept 16, earned $3.5 million, and attendance dropped from and attendance dropped from over 100,000 to 65,155over 100,000 to 65,155

Number of people who lost a Number of people who lost a spouse or partner in attacks- spouse or partner in attacks- 1,6091,609

Estimated number of children Estimated number of children who lost a parent- 3,051who lost a parent- 3,051

% of Americans who knew % of Americans who knew someone hurt or killed in attacks- someone hurt or killed in attacks- 20%20%

Number killed in attacks- Number killed in attacks- 2,8192,819

Firefighters and paramedics Firefighters and paramedics killed- 343killed- 343

NYPD officers- 23NYPD officers- 23 Port Authority police officers- Port Authority police officers-

3737

FDNY retirements Jan to July FDNY retirements Jan to July 2001 was 2742001 was 274

FDNY retirements Jan to July FDNY retirements Jan to July 2002- 6612002- 661

Firefighters on leave for Firefighters on leave for respiratory problems Jan respiratory problems Jan 2002- 3002002- 300

Dow Jones industrial average Dow Jones industrial average when NYSE reopened 6 days when NYSE reopened 6 days after attack dropped 684.81after attack dropped 684.81

Economics loss in New York in Economics loss in New York in month following attacks- $105 month following attacks- $105 billionbillion

Estimated cost of clean up- Estimated cost of clean up- $600 million$600 million

FEMA money spent on the FEMA money spent on the emergency- $970 millionemergency- $970 million

Amount donated to 9/11 Amount donated to 9/11 charities- $1.4 billioncharities- $1.4 billion

Amount of insurance paid worldwide Amount of insurance paid worldwide related to 9/11 was $40.2 billionrelated to 9/11 was $40.2 billion

Amount of money need to overhaul Amount of money need to overhaul lower-Manhattan subways- $7.5 lower-Manhattan subways- $7.5 billionbillion

Apartments in lower Manhattan Apartments in lower Manhattan eligible for asbestos cleanup- 30,000eligible for asbestos cleanup- 30,000

Only 4,110 of those have requested Only 4,110 of those have requested cleanup and testingcleanup and testing

It had cost $1.1 billion in It had cost $1.1 billion in 1970’s dollars to build WTC1970’s dollars to build WTC

Immediately after 9/11- Immediately after 9/11- destruction of physical assets destruction of physical assets was estimated to be around $14 was estimated to be around $14 billion for private businessesbillion for private businesses

$1.5 billion for state and local $1.5 billion for state and local govt enterprises, and $0.7 govt enterprises, and $0.7 billion for federal enterprisesbillion for federal enterprises

Rescue, clean up, and related Rescue, clean up, and related costs- at least $11 billioncosts- at least $11 billion

Total direct cost was around Total direct cost was around $27.2 billion$27.2 billion

Impact was on insurance, airlines, Impact was on insurance, airlines, tourism and other industries tourism and other industries associated with travel, shipping, associated with travel, shipping, and defense/security spendingand defense/security spending

Developments in each of these Developments in each of these areas have had a broader effect on areas have had a broader effect on wide areas of economic activitywide areas of economic activity

Insurance losses from 9/11 Insurance losses from 9/11 estimated between $30 to estimated between $30 to $58 billion (losses from $58 billion (losses from Hurricane Andrew came to Hurricane Andrew came to around $21 billion)around $21 billion)

Long term impacts of 9/11- Long term impacts of 9/11- higher operating costs for higher operating costs for businesses (increase businesses (increase spending on security, spending on security, insurance, and longer wait insurance, and longer wait times)times)

Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina

More than 91% of oil More than 91% of oil production and 83% of gas production and 83% of gas production in the Gulf of production in the Gulf of Mexico region was shut down Mexico region was shut down as a resultas a result

Damage to rigs and refineries Damage to rigs and refineries also caused by hurricanealso caused by hurricane

Major gateway for US Major gateway for US agricultural exports- corn and agricultural exports- corn and soybeanssoybeans

US exports a quarter of all grain US exports a quarter of all grain it produces, and roughly 60% of it produces, and roughly 60% of that leaves the country through that leaves the country through New Orleans and neighboring New Orleans and neighboring portsports

Region contains 5 of the top Region contains 5 of the top 12 US ports- including South 12 US ports- including South Louisiana, country’s top port Louisiana, country’s top port by cargo volumeby cargo volume

Imports arriving at Gulf ports Imports arriving at Gulf ports include steel, rubber, coffee include steel, rubber, coffee and fresh fruitand fresh fruit

Freight transport companies Freight transport companies were estimated to have lost $3 were estimated to have lost $3 million to $4 million a day while million to $4 million a day while ports were closedports were closed

No adequate substitute for No adequate substitute for Mississippi River as a shipping Mississippi River as a shipping routeroute

Cargos had to go by road and rail Cargos had to go by road and rail instead- which drove up costinstead- which drove up cost

Consumers across US faced Consumers across US faced higher prices- Chiquita higher prices- Chiquita bananas and Folgers coffee bananas and Folgers coffee just two of the brand names just two of the brand names affectedaffected

Tourists spent $5 billion in New Tourists spent $5 billion in New Orleans the year before the Orleans the year before the hurricane- this was half of hurricane- this was half of Louisiana’s tourism incomeLouisiana’s tourism income

Mississippi’s gambling industry Mississippi’s gambling industry hit hard- 12 floating casinos hit hard- 12 floating casinos either heavily damaged or either heavily damaged or destroyeddestroyed

Poorer residents who lack Poorer residents who lack insurance- to be neglectedinsurance- to be neglected

Low income housing is Low income housing is usually a low priority for usually a low priority for redevelopersredevelopers

Southern California Southern California WildfiresWildfires

2007- fires could cost insurers 2007- fires could cost insurers $900 million to $1.5 billion$900 million to $1.5 billion

Fire in San Diego- likely to Fire in San Diego- likely to cost $600 million to $1 billioncost $600 million to $1 billion

Burned over 516,356 acres of Burned over 516,356 acres of landland

Destroyed more than 2,013Destroyed more than 2,013

Around 1 million people Around 1 million people forced from homesforced from homes

High value properties were High value properties were most of the claimsmost of the claims

7 deaths directly due to fire, 7 deaths directly due to fire, 7 involving evacuees7 involving evacuees

71 firefighters, 27 civilians 71 firefighters, 27 civilians had injurieshad injuries

1432 people evacuated to 13 1432 people evacuated to 13 sheltersshelters

Harris Fire- $9.7 millionHarris Fire- $9.7 million Witch Fire- $11.3 millionWitch Fire- $11.3 million Poomacha Fire- $5.2 millionPoomacha Fire- $5.2 million Slide Fire- $8 millionSlide Fire- $8 million Grass Valley Fire- $4.6 Grass Valley Fire- $4.6

millionmillion Santiago Fire- $7.9 millionSantiago Fire- $7.9 million Ranch Fire- $9 millionRanch Fire- $9 million

Rice Fire- $3.1 millionRice Fire- $3.1 million Buckweed Fire- $7.4 millionBuckweed Fire- $7.4 million Canyon Fire- $5.8 millionCanyon Fire- $5.8 million

1989 Loma Prieta 1989 Loma Prieta EarthquakeEarthquake

Tuesday October 17, 1989 at 5:04 Tuesday October 17, 1989 at 5:04 p.m.p.m.

7.1 on Richter scale7.1 on Richter scale San Fran Bay area located in San Fran Bay area located in

seismically active region, North seismically active region, North American and Pacific plates American and Pacific plates collidecollide

76 people killed by direct effects 76 people killed by direct effects of quake, hundreds injuredof quake, hundreds injured

Estimated cost of damages Estimated cost of damages ranges from $5 billion to $10 ranges from $5 billion to $10 billionbillion

Most damage was Most damage was concentrated in relatively concentrated in relatively few areas and much of the few areas and much of the Bay area was fineBay area was fine

Marina district- worst impactedMarina district- worst impacted 35 buildings in area destroyed35 buildings in area destroyed 150 structurally damaged150 structurally damaged Santa Cruz- most of downtown Santa Cruz- most of downtown

mall and several hundred mall and several hundred houses were either severely houses were either severely damaged or destroyeddamaged or destroyed

Damage to chimneys, Damage to chimneys, sidewalks, roadways, parking sidewalks, roadways, parking lots widespread in Bay arealots widespread in Bay area

Collapse of Cypress structure Collapse of Cypress structure on Interstate 880 in Oaklandon Interstate 880 in Oakland

Portion of Highway 101 Portion of Highway 101 collapsed and severe damage collapsed and severe damage to supportsto supports

Earthquake related damage Earthquake related damage can be attributed to fault can be attributed to fault rupture, severe ground rupture, severe ground shaking, landsliding, shaking, landsliding, liquefactionliquefaction

Rock avalanche- debris Rock avalanche- debris falling for two daysfalling for two days

Earthquake caused damage Earthquake caused damage for as far as 70 miles awayfor as far as 70 miles away

1000 landslides and rockfalls1000 landslides and rockfalls One slide disrupted traffic for One slide disrupted traffic for

about a monthabout a month Property damage estimated Property damage estimated

at $6 billionat $6 billion

Earthquake interrupted World Earthquake interrupted World Series Series

Quake occurred at rush hour, but Quake occurred at rush hour, but many people had left work early many people had left work early or were participating in World or were participating in World Series after work parties- Series after work parties- crowded highways were very crowded highways were very light at the timelight at the time

Cypress Viaduct collapsed- 42 deathsCypress Viaduct collapsed- 42 deaths Raised freeway sectionRaised freeway section Forced closure and demolition of Forced closure and demolition of

Interstate 480- opened waterfront to Interstate 480- opened waterfront to new development new development

Forced long term closure of Forced long term closure of Interstate 280-Interstate 280-

Highway remained closed for 7 yearsHighway remained closed for 7 years

When Hurricane Hugo struck When Hurricane Hugo struck South Carolina Sept 22, 1989- South Carolina Sept 22, 1989- 40% of residences were damaged, 40% of residences were damaged, FEMA ranked the hurricane 4FEMA ranked the hurricane 4thth in in natural disaster relief costsnatural disaster relief costs

Studied vital statistics for 23 Studied vital statistics for 23 years to determine how natural years to determine how natural disasters affected births, disasters affected births, marriages, and divorces from 75 marriages, and divorces from 75 to 97to 97

Stress- stressful events may Stress- stressful events may initiate or exacerbate processes initiate or exacerbate processes contributing to marital instability- contributing to marital instability- suggests divorce would increase suggests divorce would increase following a natural disaster- the following a natural disaster- the dating couple, the source of dating couple, the source of future marriages, will be more future marriages, will be more likely to break uplikely to break up

Attachment- accessibility of Attachment- accessibility of the partner and relationship the partner and relationship length may have encouraged length may have encouraged more dating couples to more dating couples to transition to marriagetransition to marriage

Economic- when men’s Economic- when men’s employment opportunities or employment opportunities or real wages decline, they are real wages decline, they are less attractive as marriage less attractive as marriage partners, and marriage rates partners, and marriage rates declinedecline

A fourth perspective was then A fourth perspective was then proposed- a natural disaster proposed- a natural disaster mobilized people to take action- mobilized people to take action- life threatening stressor appeared life threatening stressor appeared to be a catalyst for some to take to be a catalyst for some to take significant and relatively quick significant and relatively quick action in their personal lives that action in their personal lives that altered their life course. Natural altered their life course. Natural disaster may have hastened a disaster may have hastened a transition they were already transition they were already moving toward- but at a slower moving toward- but at a slower pacepace

Exxon ValdezExxon Valdez

March 24, 1989 oil spillMarch 24, 1989 oil spill Spilled estimated minimum 10.8 Spilled estimated minimum 10.8

million U.S. gallons of crude oilmillion U.S. gallons of crude oil One of largest spills in U.S. One of largest spills in U.S.

historyhistory One of largest ecological One of largest ecological

disastersdisasters

$30 million of repairs to $30 million of repairs to tankertanker

$507.5 million damages $507.5 million damages rulingruling

Exxon Mobil is supposed to Exxon Mobil is supposed to pay 75% of thispay 75% of this

Led to deaths of hundreds of Led to deaths of hundreds of thousands of seabirds and thousands of seabirds and marine animalsmarine animals

Commercial fishermen, Commercial fishermen, Native Alaskans, landowners, Native Alaskans, landowners, businesses, local govt businesses, local govt “having lives and livelihood “having lives and livelihood destroyed”- emotional destroyed”- emotional distress and damagesdistress and damages

Gulf of Mexico Oil SpillGulf of Mexico Oil Spill

Macondo WellMacondo Well Killed 11 workersKilled 11 workers April 20-July 15, 2010- took until April 20-July 15, 2010- took until

Sept 19 to completely seal the Sept 19 to completely seal the wellwell

62,000 barrels of oil pouring out 62,000 barrels of oil pouring out each day at first- eventually each day at first- eventually slowed to 53,000 barrels per dayslowed to 53,000 barrels per day

4.9 million barrels poured out4.9 million barrels poured out 850,000 barrels of oil were 850,000 barrels of oil were

capturedcaptured Clean Water Act of 1972- max Clean Water Act of 1972- max

penalty could be $4300 per penalty could be $4300 per barrel, for a fine of $21 billionbarrel, for a fine of $21 billion

TornadoesTornadoes

Carolinas Outbreak-Carolinas Outbreak- March 28, 1984March 28, 1984 22 tornadoes22 tornadoes 57 deaths57 deaths 1248 injuries1248 injuries $200 million$200 million 37% fatalities in mobile homes37% fatalities in mobile homes

Pennsylvania-Ohio OutbreakPennsylvania-Ohio Outbreak May 31, 1985May 31, 1985 41 tornadoes, 27 in PA and OH41 tornadoes, 27 in PA and OH 75 deaths75 deaths 1025 injuries1025 injuries $450 million$450 million

Plains OutbreakPlains Outbreak April 26-27, 1991April 26-27, 1991 54 tornadoes54 tornadoes 21 deaths21 deaths 308 injuries308 injuries $277 million +$277 million + 15 deaths in/near mobile homes15 deaths in/near mobile homes 2 deaths in vehicles2 deaths in vehicles

Southern Tornodoes Southern Tornodoes 20112011

http://abcnews.go.com/US/tornadoes-storms-tear-south-292-dead/story?id=13474955

137 tornadoes reported137 tornadoes reported around 300 deadaround 300 dead Throughout southern states- Throughout southern states-

Alabama and Mississippi hit hardAlabama and Mississippi hit hard Whole towns destroyed, major Whole towns destroyed, major

businesses in the areas, businesses in the areas, employersemployers

Other hazards:Other hazards: Flash floods: number 1 weather Flash floods: number 1 weather

killer- 146 deaths annuallykiller- 146 deaths annually lightning- 75-100 people killed lightning- 75-100 people killed

each yeareach year Large hail- can reach size of Large hail- can reach size of

grapefruit causes several grapefruit causes several hundred million $ damage hundred million $ damage annually to property and cropsannually to property and crops

Emotional effects of natural Emotional effects of natural disastersdisasters

Experts have worked with Experts have worked with survivors of disasters ranging survivors of disasters ranging from Boston blizzard of 1978 from Boston blizzard of 1978 to eruption of Mount St. to eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 Helens in 1980

Shock- astonishment and Shock- astonishment and terrorterror

Followed by euphoria at Followed by euphoria at having survivedhaving survived

Depression- ranging from Depression- ranging from mild to extrememild to extreme

recuperationrecuperation

Losing a home is like losing a Losing a home is like losing a limb- says the assistant limb- says the assistant director of emergency services director of emergency services for Red Crossfor Red Cross

You may have worked on your You may have worked on your house for 20 years, may still house for 20 years, may still have mortgage, may never have mortgage, may never have opportunity to own have opportunity to own another home- new home is not another home- new home is not the same as the old homethe same as the old home

Items that can cause the most Items that can cause the most grief are photographsgrief are photographs

People lose their history when People lose their history when photos are lostphotos are lost

Upsurge of stress symptoms Upsurge of stress symptoms at anniversary of event, at anniversary of event, important holidays and important holidays and birthdaysbirthdays

10% of the affected 10% of the affected population will have some population will have some associated problems for two associated problems for two to four yearsto four years

FEMA has whole section FEMA has whole section dedicated to Coping with dedicated to Coping with DisasterDisaster

Lists signs of disaster related Lists signs of disaster related stressstress

Contacts in case of stressContacts in case of stress

Hurricane Andrew- 25% of Hurricane Andrew- 25% of sample met study criteria for sample met study criteria for PTSD 6 months after hurricanePTSD 6 months after hurricane

Symptoms of depression and Symptoms of depression and avoidance remained high as avoidance remained high as late as 30 months after the late as 30 months after the hurricanehurricane

Long after hurricane- many Long after hurricane- many people felt less positive about people felt less positive about quality of their social quality of their social relationships than they had felt relationships than they had felt before the disaster- suggesting before the disaster- suggesting that perceptions of social that perceptions of social support are also harmed by support are also harmed by disaster experiencedisaster experience

Who is least likely to get PTSD? Who is least likely to get PTSD? Experienced, well trained Experienced, well trained emergency response teams emergency response teams such as fire and rescue such as fire and rescue personnel, medical teams, war personnel, medical teams, war veterans, old sailor, mountain veterans, old sailor, mountain climbers, extreme adverse climbers, extreme adverse outdoor experiencesoutdoor experiences

Most vulnerable are people Most vulnerable are people who went through full brunt who went through full brunt of storm, little experience in of storm, little experience in extreme outdoor survival extreme outdoor survival situationssituations

Trauma divides life into two Trauma divides life into two parts- life before and life parts- life before and life after the eventafter the event

Why do some people ignore Why do some people ignore warnings and not evacuate? warnings and not evacuate?

People may be in mild denial, don’t People may be in mild denial, don’t believe anything truly bad will believe anything truly bad will happenhappen

Some don’t comprehend the world Some don’t comprehend the world around them the same way as around them the same way as others- don’t have the coping skills others- don’t have the coping skills or personal resources to get to a or personal resources to get to a safer placesafer place

People who need public People who need public assistance to live during assistance to live during ordinary times, low income ordinary times, low income elderly, handicapped, infirmed, elderly, handicapped, infirmed, bed riddenbed ridden

People who have no means for People who have no means for getting transportation or getting transportation or arranging for a place to goarranging for a place to go

Government defiant individualsGovernment defiant individuals Hardy survivalists, feel confidentHardy survivalists, feel confident Thrill seekersThrill seekers CNN reported on a man who CNN reported on a man who

had flown from California to had flown from California to New Orleans and rented a room New Orleans and rented a room at an ocean front hotel to be at an ocean front hotel to be able to find out what it was like able to find out what it was like to experience a hurricaneto experience a hurricane

Environmental IssuesEnvironmental Issues

Water supplies and sewage Water supplies and sewage systems may be disruptedsystems may be disrupted

Floods have been known to Floods have been known to prompt outbreaks of organisms prompt outbreaks of organisms in waterin water

Safe water and food supplies Safe water and food supplies are of great importance in are of great importance in preventing disease transmissionpreventing disease transmission

Water needs to be boiledWater needs to be boiled Downed power lines, interrupted Downed power lines, interrupted

gas lines, stray animals, toxic gas lines, stray animals, toxic chemicals from strong winds, chemicals from strong winds, rapidly moving waterrapidly moving water

Disasters can lead to wide Disasters can lead to wide ranging air pollution in large ranging air pollution in large citiescities

Uncontrolled forest fires have Uncontrolled forest fires have caused widespread pollution caused widespread pollution over vast expanses of the worldover vast expanses of the world

Dust clouds can cause the Dust clouds can cause the release of chemical or biologic release of chemical or biologic contaminants (asbestos)contaminants (asbestos)