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Digital Integrated Digital Integrated Digital Integrated Digital Integrated Circuits Circuits Introduction Introduction Introduction Introduction EE141 © Digital Integrated Circuits 2nd Introduction 1
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Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Aug 20, 2018

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Page 1: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Digital Integrated Digital Integrated Digital Integrated Digital Integrated CircuitsCircuits

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction1

Page 2: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Wh t i thi l tWh t i thi l t b t?b t?What is this lectureWhat is this lecture about?about?Introduction to digital integrated circuits + low power circuits

Issues in digital designThe CMOS inverterC bi ti l l i t tCombinational logic structuresSequential logic gatesDesign methodologiesInterconnect: R, L and CInterconnect: R, L and CTimingArithmetic building blocksMemories and array structuresL i itLow power circuits

What will you learn?Understanding designing and optimizing digital circuitsUnderstanding, designing, and optimizing digital circuits cost, speed, power dissipation, and reliability

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction2

Page 3: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

M ’ LM ’ LMoore’s LawMoore’s LawIn 1965, Gordon Moore noted that the number of transistors on a ,chip doubled every 18 to 24 months. He made a prediction that semiconductor technology will double its effectiveness every 18 months

1 61 51 41 31 2O

F FUN

CTI

ON

its effectiveness every 18 months

1 21 11 0

987THE

NU

MB

ER O

R IN

TEG

RA

TED

765432

LOG

2 OF

TPO

NEN

TS P

ER

10

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

CO

M

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction3

Electronics, April 19, 1965.

Page 4: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Evolution in ComplexityEvolution in ComplexityEvolution in ComplexityEvolution in Complexity

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction4

Page 5: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Transistor CountsTransistor CountsTransistor CountsTransistor Counts1 Billion1 Billion

1,000,000K

1 Billion 1 Billion TransistorsTransistors

100,000

10,000 Pentium® IIPentium® III1 Million 1 Million

TransistorsTransistors1,000

100 i386i486

Pentium®Pentium® Pro

10

100

808680286

i386

Source: IntelSource: Intel11975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: IntelSource: Intel

P j t dP j t d

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction5

ProjectedProjected

Courtesy, Intel

Page 6: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Moore’s law in MicroprocessorsMoore’s law in MicroprocessorsMoore s law in MicroprocessorsMoore s law in Microprocessors1000

10

100M

T)2X growth in 1.96 years!

386486 Pentium® proc

P61

10

sist

ors

(M

80808085 8086

286386

0.01

0.1

Tran

s

400480088080

0.001

0.01

1970 1980 1990 2000 20101970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

Transistors on Lead Microprocessors double every 2 years

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction6

Courtesy, Intel

Page 7: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Die Size GrowthDie Size GrowthDie Size GrowthDie Size Growth100

mm

)

8080 8086286

386486 Pentium ® procP6

10

e si

ze (m

40048008

80808085

8086

Die ~7% growth per year

~2X growth in 10 years

11970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Die size grows by 14% to satisfy Moore’s Law

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction7

Courtesy, Intel

Page 8: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequency10000

D bl

P6

1000M

hz)

Doubles every2 years

P6Pentium ® proc

4863862868086808510

100

quen

cy (

28680868085

80808008

1Freq

800840040.1

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010YYear

Lead Microprocessors frequency doubles every 2 years

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction8

Courtesy, Intel

Page 9: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Power DissipationPower DissipationPower DissipationPower Dissipation100

P6Pentium ® proc

48610at

ts)

486386

2868086

808580801ower

(Wa

808080084004

1Po

0.11971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000

YearYear

Lead Microprocessors power continues to increase

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction9

Courtesy, Intel

Page 10: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Power will be a major problemPower will be a major problemPower will be a major problemPower will be a major problem5KW

18KW 100000

5KW 1.5KW

500W 1000

10000W

atts

)

80858086

286386

486

Pentium® proc

10

100

ower

(W

4004800880808085 386

1

10P

0.11971 1974 1978 1985 1992 2000 2004 2008

YearYear

Power delivery and dissipation will be prohibitive

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction10

Courtesy, Intel

Page 11: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Power densityPower densityPower densityPower density10000

) Rocket

1000

(W/c

m2

Nuclear

RocketNozzle

100

Den

sity

Reactor

400480088080

8085

8086

286 386486

Pentium® procP610

Pow

er

Hot Plate

8080 286 48611970 1980 1990 2000 2010

YearYear

Power density too high to keep junctions at low temp

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction11

Courtesy, Intel

Page 12: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Not Only MicroprocessorsNot Only MicroprocessorsNot Only MicroprocessorsNot Only Microprocessors

C llCellPhone

Small Signal RF

PowerRF

Digital Cellular Market(Phones Shipped)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Power

Management

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Units 48M 86M 162M 260M 435M Analog Baseband

Digital Baseband

(DSP + MCU)

(data from Texas Instruments)(data from Texas Instruments)

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction12

Page 13: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Challenges in Digital DesignChallenges in Digital DesignChallenges in Digital DesignChallenges in Digital Design

“Microscopic Problems”Ult hi h d d i

“Macroscopic Issues”• Time to Market• Ultra-high speed design

• Interconnect• Noise, Crosstalk• Reliability Manufacturability

• Time-to-Market• Millions of Gates• High-Level Abstractions• Reuse & IP: Portability• Reliability, Manufacturability

• Power Dissipation• Clock distribution.

Reuse & IP: Portability• Predictability• etc.

Everything Looks a Little Different…and There’s a Lot of Them!??

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction13

Page 14: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Productivity TrendsProductivity TrendsProductivity TrendsProductivity Trends10,000,000 100,000,00010,000(M

)100,000

100,000

1,000,000

1,000,000

10,000,000Logic Tr./ChipTr./Staff Month.

1,000

100

r per

Chi

p

1,000

10,000

ty f -M

o.

xity

1,000

10,000

10,000

100,00058%/Yr. compoundedComplexity growth rate10

1

Tra

nsis

tor

10

100

Prod

uctiv

itTr

ans.

/Sta

ff

Com

plex

10

100

100

1,000xxx

xxx

x21%/Yr. compound

Productivity growth rate

x0.1

0.01

0 001

Logi

c

0 01

0.1

1

P(K

) T

1

2003

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2005

2007

2009

100.001 0.01

S S t hSource: Sematech

Complexity outpaces design productivity

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction14

Courtesy, ITRS Roadmap

Page 15: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Why Scaling?Why Scaling?Why Scaling?Why Scaling?Technology shrinks by 0.7/generationTechnology shrinks by 0.7/generationWith every generation can integrate 2x more functions per chip; chip cost does not increasefunctions per chip; chip cost does not increase significantlyCost of a function decreases by 2xCos o a u c o dec eases byBut …

How to design chips with more and more functions?How to design chips with more and more functions?Design engineering population does not double every two years…

Hence, a need for more efficient design methodsExploit different levels of abstraction

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction15

Page 16: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Design Abstraction LevelsDesign Abstraction LevelsggSYSTEM

MODULE

+

GATE

MODULE

CIRCUIT

GATE

GDEVICE

n+n+S

GD

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction16

Page 17: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Design MetricsDesign MetricsDesign MetricsDesign Metrics

H t l t f fHow to evaluate performance of a digital circuit (gate, block, …)?

CostReliabilityyScalabilitySpeed (delay, operating frequency)Speed (delay, operating frequency) Power dissipationEnergy to perform a functionEnergy to perform a function

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction17

Page 18: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

C t f I t t d Ci itC t f I t t d Ci itCost of Integrated CircuitsCost of Integrated Circuits

NRE (non-recurrent engineering) costsdesign time and effort mask generationdesign time and effort, mask generationone-time cost factor

Recurrent costssilicon processing packaging testsilicon processing, packaging, testproportional to volume

ti l t hiproportional to chip area

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction18

Page 19: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

NRE Cost is IncreasingNRE Cost is IncreasingNRE Cost is IncreasingNRE Cost is Increasing

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction19

Page 20: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Di C tDi C tDie CostDie Cost

Single dieg

WaferWafer

Going up to 12” (30cm)

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction20From http://www.amd.com

Page 21: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

C t T i tC t T i tCost per TransistorCost per Transistor

cost: cost: ¢¢--perper--transistortransistor

0.010.01

0.10.111

¢¢ perper transistortransistor

Fabrication capital cost per transistor (Moore’s law)

0.00010.0001

0.0010.001

0.010.01

0.0000010.000001

0.000010.00001

0.00000010.000000119821982 19851985 19881988 19911991 19941994 19971997 20002000 20032003 20062006 20092009 20122012

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction21

Page 22: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

YieldYield%100

per waferchipsofnumber Totalper wafer chips good of No.

×=Ypp

yieldDieper waferDiescostWafer cost Die×

=yieldDieper waferDies ×

( )areadie2

diameterwafer areadie

diameter/2wafer per wafer Dies2

××π

−×π

=areadie2areadie ×

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction22

Page 23: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

DefectsDefectsDefectsDefects

α−⎞⎛ diitd f t⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

α×

+=areadieareaunit per defects1yield die

is approximatel 3 α is approximately 3

4area)(diecostdie f=

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction23

area)(diecost die f=

Page 24: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Some Examples (1994)Some Examples (1994)Some Examples (1994)Some Examples (1994)Chip Metal

lLine id h

Wafer Def./ 2

Area 2

Dies/f

Yield Die layers width cost cm2 mm2 wafer cost

386DX 2 0.90 $900 1.0 43 360 71% $4

486 DX2 3 0.80 $1200 1.0 81 181 54% $12

Power PC 4 0.80 $1700 1.3 121 115 28% $53601

$ $

HP PA 7100 3 0.80 $1300 1.0 196 66 27% $73

DEC Alpha 3 0.70 $1500 1.2 234 53 19% $149

Super Sparc 3 0 70 $1700 1 6 256 48 13% $272Super Sparc 3 0.70 $1700 1.6 256 48 13% $272

Pentium 3 0.80 $1500 1.5 296 40 9% $417

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction24

Page 25: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Reliability―Reliability―Noise in Digital Integrated CircuitsNoise in Digital Integrated Circuits

v(t) VDDi(t)

( ) DD

Inductive coupling Capacitive coupling Power and groundnoise

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction25

Page 26: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

DC OperationDC OperationVoltage Transfer CharacteristicVoltage Transfer CharacteristicVoltage Transfer CharacteristicVoltage Transfer Characteristic

V(y)V(y)

VOH fVOH = f(VOL)VOL f(VOH)VOH f

V(y)=V(x) VOL = f(VOH)VM = f(VM)

VMSwitching Threshold

V(x)

VOL

VV V(x)VOHVOL

Nominal Voltage Levels

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction26

Nominal Voltage Levels

Page 27: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Mapping between analog and digital signalsMapping between analog and digital signalspp g g g gpp g g g g

V

Slope = -1V OH

Vout

V

VOH“1”

OHVIH

UndefinedUndefinedRegion

Slope = -1

V OL“0” V

VIL

V IL V IH V in

OL0 VOL

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction27

Page 28: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Definition of Noise MarginsDefinition of Noise MarginsDefinition of Noise MarginsDefinition of Noise Margins

"1"

VNoise margin high

VIH

VOH NMH

Noise margin lowVIL

UndefinedRegion

VNML Noise margin lowIL

"0"

VOL

Gate Output Gate Input

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction28

Page 29: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

N i B d tN i B d tNoise BudgetNoise Budget

Allocates gross noise margin to expected sources of noiseexpected sources of noiseSources: supply noise, cross talk, interference, offsetDifferentiate between fixed andDifferentiate between fixed and proportional noise sources

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction29

Page 30: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

K R li bilit P tiK R li bilit P tiKey Reliability PropertiesKey Reliability PropertiesAbsolute noise margin values are deceptive

a floating node is more easily disturbed than a g ynode driven by a low impedance (in terms of voltage)

Noise immunity is the more important metric –the capability to suppress noise sourcesKey metrics: Noise transfer functions, Output impedance of the driver and input impedance of the receiver;

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction30

Page 31: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Regenerative PropertyRegenerative PropertyRegenerative PropertyRegenerative Property

Regenerative Non-Regenerative

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction31

Page 32: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Regenerative PropertyRegenerative PropertyRegenerative PropertyRegenerative Property

v0 v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 v6

A chain of inverters

Simulated response

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction32

Page 33: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

FanFan--in and Fanin and Fan--outoutFanFan in and Fanin and Fan outout

MN

M

Fan-out N Fan-in M

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction33

Page 34: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

The Ideal GateThe Ideal Gate

V out

Ri = ∞Ro = 0o Fanout = ∞NMH = NML = VDD/2g = ∞ NMH NML VDD/2

V in

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction34

Page 35: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Delay DefinitionsDelay Definitionsyy

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction35

Page 36: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

Ring OscillatorRing OscillatorRing OscillatorRing Oscillator

T = 2 ´ tp ´ N

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction36

p

Page 37: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

A Fi tA Fi t O d RC N t kO d RC N t kA FirstA First--Order RC NetworkOrder RC Network

voutR

vout

vin C

tp = ln (2) τ = 0.69 RCtp ln (2) τ 0.69 RC

Important model – matches delay of inverter

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction37

Important model matches delay of inverter

Page 38: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

P Di i tiP Di i tiPower DissipationPower Dissipation

Instantaneous power: p(t) = v(t)i(t) = V i(t)p(t) = v(t)i(t) = Vsupplyi(t)

Peak power:Peak power: Ppeak = Vsupplyipeak

Average power: V ( )∫ ∫

+ +==

Ttt

Ttt supply

supplyave dtti

TV

dttpT

P )(1

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction38

Page 39: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

E d EE d E D lD lEnergy and EnergyEnergy and Energy--DelayDelay

Power-Delay Product (PDP) =

E = Energy per operation = Pav × tp

Energy-Delay Product (EDP) =

quality metric of gate = E × tp

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction39

Page 40: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

A Fi tA Fi t O d RC N t kO d RC N t kA FirstA First--Order RC NetworkOrder RC Network

voutR

vin CL

T T Vdd

E0 1→ P t( )dt0

T∫ Vdd isupply t( )dt

0

T∫ Vdd CLdVout

0∫ CL Vdd• 2= = = =

Ecap Pcap t( )dt0

T∫ Vouticap t( )dt

0

T∫ CLVoutdVout

0

Vdd∫

12---C

LVdd•

2= = = =

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction40

Page 41: Digital Integrated Circuits - bandi.chungbuk.ac.krbandi.chungbuk.ac.kr/~bdyang/lecture_digital_integrated_circuits... · Wh t i thi l tWhat is this lectureure a abt?bout? Introduction

SummarySummarySummarySummaryDigital integrated circuits have come a longDigital integrated circuits have come a long way and still have quite some potential left for the coming decadesgSome interesting challenges ahead

Getting a clear perspective on the challenges and g p p gpotential solutions is the purpose of this book

Understanding the design metrics that govern digital design is crucial

Cost, reliability, speed, power and energy di i tidissipation

EE141© Digital Integrated Circuits2nd Introduction41