Digital Bus

PROJECT TITLE

METRO TRAIN PROTOTYPE USING 8051

MICROCONTROLLER

By-Udit Chaturvedi

Project DescriptionDesigned to understand the technology used

in modern driver less metro train.

Trains are equipped with CPU, which control the train.

Train is programmed for specific path.

Every station on path is defined.

Stoppage timing of train and distance between two stations is predefined.

In This Project We try to make prototype for these type of Metro Trains.

We use 8051 as CPU.

The motion of Train is controlled by a Stepper Motor.

LCD Display of 2*16 characters is used for displaying messages in the train.

The stoppage time at a station is taken to be 3 seconds.

The time taken by train between two consecutive stations is taken as 6 seconds.

In This Project (Contd.)LEDs are used as Indicators to show the train

direction i.e. UP and DOWN path.

It also have BUZZER system. As train is going to leave a station, buzzer blows.

It also have an emergency brake system due to which train stops as soon as brakes are applied.

Can resume journey after emergency situation is over.

Basic CircuitBasically it has four parts

1. POWER SUPPLY

2. 8051 IC

3. DISPLAY UNIT

4. STEPPER MOTOR

List of Components Used

Block Diagram

LCD Interfacing With 8051

WHY WE USE ULN 2003? Microcontroller pins lack sufficient current to drive the

relay. They can provide a maximum of 1-2mA current. While the stepper motor’s coil needs around 10mA to be energized. For this reason, we place a driver so that stepper motor can work efficiently.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PCB Layout

Power Supply Circuit

Working Of ProjectThe 230V AC supply is converted into 9 Volts by the

transformer used in power supply section.

Then it is rectified by the bridge rectifier made up of diodes.

Then the 9 v is regulated by 7805.

1000 micro farad capacitor is used to filter the DC voltage.

After supplying power to the circuit, it works according to the programming done in 8051.

Programming of 8051$mod51data equ p1 ;p0busy equ p0.7 ;p0.7 rs equ p3.2rw equ p3.1 en equ p3.0 org 400h show0: db 'Welcome To All','0‘show1: db 'Current Station','0‘show2: db 'Next Station','0' show3: db 'Aligarh','0' show4: db 'Ghaziabad','0' show5: db 'New Delhi','0‘ org 0000h here: mov p2,#00h

acall ini mov dptr,#show0 acall read clr p3.3 ;p1.0

acall delay mov a,#01h acall command; Now make memory clear cursor home mov dptr,#show1 acall read mov a,#0c0h acall command mov dptr,#show3 ......cjne r1,#00h,loop1 pop p1 pop acc ret end

FUTURE SCOPE OF THIS PROJECT

This Project is useful in developing countries & this project has a bright future as it is being used in countries like Germany, France & Japan. This project helps us to control train without a driver and the stations are shown on the LCD so the passenger doesn’t have any type of difficulty. This project will lead to increase in technological trends & this will help the people in many ways.