Diesel energy resources and Power Plants

Diesel Energy Resources and Power PlantsBy:Nagarjun Narayan

DieselDiesel fuel is derived from crude oil.Mixture of hydrogen and carbon molecules.Has a Net Calorific Value of 43400 KJ/Kg.

Types of DieselDiesel fuels are broken up into 3 different classes: 1D(#1), 2D(#2) and 4D(#4). The difference between these classes depends on viscosity (the property of a fluid that causes a resistance to the fluid’s flow) and pour point (the temperature at which a fluid will flow).

Crude Oil Reserve-India

45%

1%

23%3%

18%

9% 1%

Estimated Reserves of crude oil in India as on 31.3.12

Western OffshoreAndhra PradeshAssamEastern OffshoreGujaratRajasthanTamil Nadu

Estimated reserves of crude oil in India as on 31.03.2012 stood at 759.59 million tonnes (MT)

Diesel for ElectricityThe diesel electric power plants are chiefly used in the following field:

Peak load Plant- Used in combination with thermal or hydro-plants as peak load units.Mobile Plant.Standby unit.Emergency Plant.Starting Stations- For starting a large steam power plant,

Schematic Diagram of a Diesel Power Plant

Energy Conversions

Diesel fuel

Diesel Engine

Generator

Mechanical Energy

Internal Energy

Electrical Energy

General LayoutA Diesel Electric Plant consists of following elements:

EnginePrime mover.Directly coupled to generator.Can be 2-stroke or 4-stroke.Mostly V-type model

8,000kW HiMSEN engine (Model: 18H32/40V)

Air intake system:It consists of compressor, filter and pipes for thesupply of air.Its work is to supply fresh air to the engine for combustion purpose.

Exhaust system:It discharges the engine exhaust to the atmosphere.It consists of exhaust pipes and silencer.

Fuel System:This includes fuel storage tank, fuel pump, fuel transfer pump, strainers and heaters. Strainers are provided to remove the suspended impurities. Heaters are required to heat the oil to reduce oil viscosity to reduce pumping power, especially during winter seasons.

Cooling System:This includes oil pumps, oil tanks, filters, coolersand connecting pipes.It keeps the temperature of the piston and cylinder surfaces reasonable, thus prevent from the overheating of the engine.Generally water cooled.

Lubricating system:It keeps the moving parts of the engine slide freely past each other thus reduces engine friction and wear.Reduces noise by absorbing vibration, etc.

Starting system: The engine is started byAuxiliary engine mounted near main engine.By using an electric motor.By compressed air.

Generator:The generators used in diesel power plants are of rotating field, speed ranging from 214 to 1000 rpm.The excitation is usually provided at 115 to 230 V from a DC exciter, usually coupled to the engine shaft through a belt.

Mitsubishi (18KU-30) 5.2MW 50Hz Power generator

Efficiency

Highly efficient.Thermal efficiency more than that of Steam Power plant of same size.Efficiency can be given as:

Overall Efficiency

Indian Diesel Power Plants

Power Station State Capacity(MW)

GMR Vasavi Diesel Power Plant Tamil Nadu 200

Kozhikode Diesel Power Station Kerala 128

Yelahanka Diesel Power Station Karnataka 127.92

Brahmapuram Diesel Power Station Kerala 106.6

Suryachakra Diesel Power Station Andaman & Nicobar 20

Bemina Diesel Power Station Jammu & Kashmir 5

Leh Diesel Power Station Jammu & Kashmir 2.18

Ambala Diesel Power Station Haryana 2.18

Upper Sindh Diesel Power Station Jammu & Kashmir 1.7

Keylong Diesel Power Station Himachal Pradesh 0.13

Kamah Diesel Power Station Jammu & Kashmir 0.06

Gangtok Diesel Power Station Sikkim 4

Ranipool Diesel Power Station Sikkim 1

As on July 31, 2010, and as per the Central Electricity Authority the total installed capacity of Diesel based power plants in India is 1,199.75 MW.

Acceptability in Society

Fairly accepted all over the world.Easy way of power generation on small scale.Most reliable form of power generation when it comes to emergency.

Past and Futuristic trendsCompound Annual growth rate of power production in India by high speed diesel from 1970-71 to 2011-12 is -5.13%.Growth rate of 2011-12 over 2010-11 is 1.2%.India is highly dependent on import of crude oil. Both gross and net imports of crude oil have increased from 11.68 MTs during 1970-71 to 171.73 MTs during 2011-12, there has been an annual increase of 4.97% during 2011-12 over 2010-11.

GMR Vasavi power plant inChennai

It is the world's largest diesel power plant possessing a nominal capacity of 200MWHas 4 units of Hyundai-MAN B&W low speed diesel generating set ( 12K90MC-S type) constructed by us in 1998.Each engine is 70,000 horsepower 2- stroke engine, and is as high as a five story building.

Advantage and Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages

Simple design & layout of plant High running charges due to costly price of Diesel

Occupies less space & is compact Generates small amount of power

Can be started quickly and picks up load in a short time

Plant does not work efficiently under prolonged overload conditions

Requires less water for cooling Cost of lubrication very high

Thermal efficiency better that of Steam Power plant of same size

Maintenance charges are generally high

Overall cost is cheaper than that of Steam Power plant of same size

Burning diesel fuel creates greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants

No stand-by losses

Conclusions

The prime mover supplies the energy to the generator system, and requires an accurate governor to produce stable frequency under changing loads. The alternator, voltage regulator, and other controls are required to create and deliver quality AC to the transfer switch to be fed to the critical loads.Weighing the pros and cons they quite efficient but costly and definitely not for long run due to finite reserves of crude oil.

ReferencesIMAGES:http://marcestes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/power.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Electricalgrid.jpghttp://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/100760/100760,1205369058,1/ stock-photo-efficiency-road-sign-with-dramatic-blue-sky-and-clouds-10314556.jpghttp://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/810352/101190463/stock-photo-pixeled-word-production-on-digital-screen-d-render-101190463.jpghttp://s2.hubimg.com/u/3728623_f520.jpghttp://www.power-technology.com/projects/wasa/images/img3.jpghttp://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/v0/107223436/Power_plant_Diesel_Engine_Generator_set_15.jpg

WEB:http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fuels-higher-calorific-values-d_169.htmlhttp://blog.dieselpowerproducts.com/the-different-types-of-diesel-fuelhttp://ayurveda.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Plants-used-for-Generation-of-Electric-Power#

VIDEOS:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfZFPqitQZA

BOOKS:energy statistics 2013Power Plant Engineering by P K Nag

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