Dialect (Regiolect, Socilect, Language vs Dialect)

DialectRegional Dialect

Social Dialect

Language vs

Dialect

A variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the

language's speakers.

What is a Dialect ???

Regional

Dialect

So

ci

al

Dialect

Dialect

Regional Dialect

A variety of a language spoken in a particular area of

a country

E.g.: “American English”“British English”

Pronunciation

Lexis

Morphology

Syntax

Pronunciation

Lexis

Morphology

Syntax

Regional Dialects

Am

eric

an E

ngl

ish

Bri

tish

En

glis

h

/ka:r/

gas

dove

I don’t have a book

/ka:/

petrol

dived

I haven’t a book

SocialDialect

It is the variety of language

characteristic of a social background

or status

E.g.: “Upper Class people” and “Lower

Class people” in Bangladesh speak different variety of

“Bangla”

Pronunciation

Lexis

Morphology

Syntax

Pronunciation

Lexis

Morphology

Syntax

Social Dialects

Up

per

Cla

ss

Low

er C

lass

খা�চ্ছি�

জা�না�লা�

করতে�চ্ছি�

আচ্ছি� ভা��খা�ব

খা�ই��চ্ছি�

জা�নালা�

কর��চ্ছি�

আচ্ছি� ভা��খা���

Social Dialects vs Regional Dialects

Social Dialect Regional Dialect

Difference in use of lan-guage due to social class

discrepancies

Different in use of language due to geographical dis-

crepancies

Social Barriers Geographical Barriers

Distance is not an impor-tant factor

Distance is an important factor

The distinction is not clear-cut

The distinction is clear-cut

Can be easily influenced by external factors

Not easily influenced by ex-ternal factors

Language and Dialect • Both terms are often used interchangeably.

• Useally Principle of mutual simplicity differentiate between them.

Any 2 varieties which are

mutually intelligible are

taken to constitute two

dialects of the same

language.

If they are mutually

UNintelligible , then

they are separate

languages.

A language is a dialect with a navy and an army.

Weinreich, 1945:13.

Urdu Hindi

• In most cases, the use of one or another depends NOT on linguistic bases, but rather on socio-political factors.

Language vs DialectLanguage Dialects

Language is prestigious Dialect is not prestigious

Language is often taken as the standard

Dialect is thought to be non-standard

Language has recognized grammar rules, dictionary,

etc.

Dialect doesn’t have this recognition.

Standard language is often termed as the main lan-

guage and it is used in many places.

Dialect doesn’t have thus function

Language can unite a nation by separating it from other

nations

Dialect can create differ-ences within a nation.

CommunityA

CommunityB

BritishEnglish

AmericanEnglish

Mutually intelligibleCommon Cultural history

Same Language

CommunityA

CommunityB

English Hindi

Mutually unintelligibleDifferent Cultural history

Different Language

CommunityA

CommunityB

Norwegian Danish

Mutually unintelligibleDifferent Cultural history

CommunityA

CommunityB

Telegu Marathi

Mutually unintelligibleSame Cultural history

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