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Demographic transition

Feb 16, 2017

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Page 1: Demographic transition
Page 2: Demographic transition

Group “E”

Presented By-Md. Tanvir Islam

Dr Ashraful IslamSheikh Jakia

SultanaTanjina Akhter

TanmiMost Angur Akter

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Aim of this presentation

• To explain human population growth historically

• To explain transition of population worldwide

• Try to see what will happen in future

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IntroductionDemographic and epidemiologic changes that have occurred in the last five decades in many developing countries and that are characterized by major growth in the number and proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons and in the frequency of the diseases that occur in these age groups. The health transition is the result of efforts to improve maternal

and child health via primary care and outreach services and such efforts have been responsible for a decrease in the birth rate; reduced maternal mortality; improved preventive services; reduced infant mortality, and the increased life expectancy that defines the transition.

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Demographic Transition

Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson.

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Human Population Growth Historically

Early Hunter Gatherers

Rise of Agriculture Industrialization High Technology

Era

Pre-Industrial Period

Transitional Period Industrial Period Post-Industrial

Period

Demographic Transition

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Early Hunter Gatherers

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Nomadic, With a Strong Sense of the Earth

Crude Birth Rate: High Crude Death Rate:

High Rate of Natural

Increase: Fluctuating

Birth Rate is high due to:• Lack of family planning • High Infant Mortality

Rate• Need for workers in

collecting of foods• Religious beliefs• Children as economic

assets• Lack of future planning

about heath sector

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Death Rate is high due to: Disease Animal Attack Famine Lack of clean water

and sanitation Lack of health care War Limited food supply Lack of education

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Rise of agriculture

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• Necessary for Survival• Animals became extinct

via predation and altered habitat

• Humans began to cultivate own food

• Crude Birth Rate: High• Crude Death Rate:

Decreasing• Rate of Natural Increase:

Increasing

Birth Rate remains high due to:• People are used to

having many children. Takes time for culture to change

• Religious beliefs• Lack of family planning

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Death Rate decreasing due to:•Improved hygiene•Improve health care system•Improved sanitation•Improved food production and storage•Improved transport for food

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Industrialization

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• View of Children During Early Phases of Industrial Growth: Valued as cheap source of income and cheap labor, Exponential growth of populations

• Population Control in Medieval Societies (Infanticide, Plagues etc.)

• Crude Birth Rate: Decreasing

• Crude Death Rate: Continues to decrease

• Rate of Natural Increase: Increasing but at a slower rate

Birth Rate decreasing due to:• Improve maternal and

child health• Improvements in

contraceptive technology • Changes in values about

children and sex• Parents need fewer

children

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• Rising costs of dependent children to a family

• Valuation of women beyond motherhood

• Working women have less time to devote to child rearing Death Rate low due to:

• Better Health Care- Vaccinations- Better understanding

of the spread of diseases- Pre-natal care- Control of

communicable diseases.• Improved sanitation (i.e.

indoor plumbing)• Improved quality and

quantity of food

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High Technology Era

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• Waste of Populations Concentrated in Cities

• Food Produced in Country, Consumed in City

• Soil becomes less productive

• Crude Birth Rate: Low• Crude Death Rate: Low• Rate of Natural Increase:

Stable

Birth Rate low due to:• Family planning• Good health• Improved status of

women• Later marriages• Safe and inexpensive

means of birth control introduced

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Death Rate low due to:•Improved health care•High quantity and quality of food supply•Rise in standards of living

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Worldwide

Projection

for 2100

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Where they

will live?

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AT 2010

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AT 2050

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AT 2100

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