Group “E”
Presented By-Md. Tanvir Islam
Dr Ashraful IslamSheikh Jakia
SultanaTanjina Akhter
TanmiMost Angur Akter
Aim of this presentation
• To explain human population growth historically
• To explain transition of population worldwide
• Try to see what will happen in future
IntroductionDemographic and epidemiologic changes that have occurred in the last five decades in many developing countries and that are characterized by major growth in the number and proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons and in the frequency of the diseases that occur in these age groups. The health transition is the result of efforts to improve maternal
and child health via primary care and outreach services and such efforts have been responsible for a decrease in the birth rate; reduced maternal mortality; improved preventive services; reduced infant mortality, and the increased life expectancy that defines the transition.
Demographic Transition
Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1929 by the American demographer Warren Thompson.
Human Population Growth Historically
Early Hunter Gatherers
Rise of Agriculture Industrialization High Technology
Era
Pre-Industrial Period
Transitional Period Industrial Period Post-Industrial
Period
Demographic Transition
Early Hunter Gatherers
Nomadic, With a Strong Sense of the Earth
Crude Birth Rate: High Crude Death Rate:
High Rate of Natural
Increase: Fluctuating
Birth Rate is high due to:• Lack of family planning • High Infant Mortality
Rate• Need for workers in
collecting of foods• Religious beliefs• Children as economic
assets• Lack of future planning
about heath sector
Death Rate is high due to: Disease Animal Attack Famine Lack of clean water
and sanitation Lack of health care War Limited food supply Lack of education
Rise of agriculture
• Necessary for Survival• Animals became extinct
via predation and altered habitat
• Humans began to cultivate own food
• Crude Birth Rate: High• Crude Death Rate:
Decreasing• Rate of Natural Increase:
Increasing
Birth Rate remains high due to:• People are used to
having many children. Takes time for culture to change
• Religious beliefs• Lack of family planning
Death Rate decreasing due to:•Improved hygiene•Improve health care system•Improved sanitation•Improved food production and storage•Improved transport for food
Industrialization
• View of Children During Early Phases of Industrial Growth: Valued as cheap source of income and cheap labor, Exponential growth of populations
• Population Control in Medieval Societies (Infanticide, Plagues etc.)
• Crude Birth Rate: Decreasing
• Crude Death Rate: Continues to decrease
• Rate of Natural Increase: Increasing but at a slower rate
Birth Rate decreasing due to:• Improve maternal and
child health• Improvements in
contraceptive technology • Changes in values about
children and sex• Parents need fewer
children
• Rising costs of dependent children to a family
• Valuation of women beyond motherhood
• Working women have less time to devote to child rearing Death Rate low due to:
• Better Health Care- Vaccinations- Better understanding
of the spread of diseases- Pre-natal care- Control of
communicable diseases.• Improved sanitation (i.e.
indoor plumbing)• Improved quality and
quantity of food
High Technology Era
• Waste of Populations Concentrated in Cities
• Food Produced in Country, Consumed in City
• Soil becomes less productive
• Crude Birth Rate: Low• Crude Death Rate: Low• Rate of Natural Increase:
Stable
Birth Rate low due to:• Family planning• Good health• Improved status of
women• Later marriages• Safe and inexpensive
means of birth control introduced
Death Rate low due to:•Improved health care•High quantity and quality of food supply•Rise in standards of living
Worldwide
Projection
for 2100
Where they
will live?
AT 2010
AT 2050
AT 2100