December 18, 2009 Pierre Cannon Sumon Nandy Amy Nandy.

December 18, 2009

Pierre CannonSumon NandyAmy Nandy

Problem Statement, MissionProblem Statement:

A clean, renewable energy source that provides baseload power without impacting the environment, regardless of seasonal weather conditions, does not exist for supplying power to African nations.

Mission: To develop a feasible architecture and business

strategy for an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion system deployed off the African coast.

OTEC African Deployment12/18/2009 2

Project Team RoleSponsor : Lockheed MartinTeam Role: Research Contractor Sponsor Focus Areas Tasks:

Feasibility study for possible OTEC site off African continent

Investigation of planning activities required for OTEC deployment

Development of location specific requirements for area

Business/Financial plan for profitability in 30 years

12/18/2009 3OTEC African Deployment

OTEC DescriptionOceanic Thermal Energy

ConversionOTEC utilizes the ocean’s 20ºC

natural thermal gradient between the warm surface water and the cold deep sea water to drive a Rankine Cycle

OTEC utilizes the world’s largest solar radiation collector - the ocean. The ocean contains enough energy power all of the world’s electrical needs.


1. Power input to pumps to start process

4. Expanding vapor drive the turbine, and electricity is created by a generator

5. Heat extraction from cold-water sink to condense the working fluid in the condenser.

Cycle begins againReturn to step 2

3. Heat addition from the hot-water source used to evaporate the working fluid within the heat exchanger (Evaporator)

2. Fluid pump pressurizes and pushes working fluid to evaporator

OTEC African Deployment 5

OTEC Project Development Process


Work Products

Cost Model

Risk Management

Strategy

House of Quality

System Description Document Business /

Marketing Approach

System Architecture Views (SV-)

System Functionality

Sequence Model

Technology S-Curves

CPN Simulation

Model

Project Schedule


Stakeholder Needs Analysis

OTEC African Deployment

OTEC Syste

mDesign Team

•Lockheed Martin•GMU SEOR Faculty•Partners / Subcontractors Interfaces

•Ocean Environment•Electric Company•Financing Group

Competitors

•Oil Industry•HydroPower

Local Community•Citizens•Local Gov’t

•Environmental•African Sustainable Energy

Special Interest Groups

12/18/2009 8

Engineering Characteristics Evaluated using House of Quality

Prioritized Stakeholder Needs1. Competitive Energy Cost2. Minimal Time to Market3. Replaces Non-renewable

sources4. Adaptable to Future Markets5. Scalable CapacityRelated Engineering

Characteristics1. High Efficiency Components2. Utilize Commercial Components3. Subsystems powered by

system power output4. Modular design for power

producing systems

Regulations & StandardsPlatform Safety:

Maritime Safety (DOT, USCG 46 CFR)Luminaries (UL 1598A)Electrical Installations on Shipboard (IEEE P45.1, P45.5)Designing & Construction of Floating Platforms (API RP 2FB)

Underwater Cabling: Design & Construction (IEC 60092-350; NAVY OPNAV 11310.3B)Sheathing (IEC 60092-351, -359)Installation & Test (IEC 60092-350, -352; IEEE 45 INT 1-2)

Workforce Safety: Job Hazard Analysis (OSHA 3071)Workplace First Aid (OSHA 3317)Hazardous Waste Operations (OSHA 3172)Occupational Health & Safety (OSHA 29-CFR 1910.1)Habitation on Offshore Installation (ABS Pub. 105)


Other ConsiderationsSupplier Qualification

Several key components to be sourced (Water Pump, Turbine, Generator, Heat Exchangers & Power Cabling)

Institution of Preferred Supplier Qualification System Process/Product control plan to ensure quality components &

participation in the auditing of their processes Suppliers will be empowered - push high standards of quality

to 2nd tier suppliers since their company reputation is at stake Standards Based Procurement - ensure that even the 2nd tier

vendors push for quality - end products delivered to the OTEC system have higher reliability

Integrated Logistics SupportMaintainability support for equipmentSupport team to handle any questions/issues during

program execution, with trained staff to deal with all situational needs


Trade Study Research


Sponsor RequirementsLocation shall be located off the African coast

Humanitarian efforts strengthen US ties with African nations

Sponsor has not conducted in-depth research in this area

Africa is becoming a hot topic in Renewable Resources Locations shall provide:

At least 20° C temperature difference between surface water and 1000 m deep water

Economic Stability Political stability (reduces program risk)Established power infrastructure to I/F with OTECLittle or no coastal pirating crime

OTEC African Deployment 1212/18/2009

Africa Continent OverviewOver 500M people, yet 75%

of landmass uninhabitedHighest birthrate of any

continent with population expected to reach 2B by 2050

Fastest growing region on earth – facing most serious problems of food and water

High potential for commercial OTEC plant off western coast

Political instability & poor Political instability & poor infrastructure plague the infrastructure plague the

continentcontinent12/18/2009 13OTEC African Deployment

Possible OTEC Locations

12/18/2009 OTEC African Deployment 14

3210

Exceeds RequirementsMeets RequirementMay work. Not idealNot possible

Criteria FinalWeight 100%

Location Criteria Val Criteria Val Criteria Val Criteria Val Criteria Val Criteria Val Criteria Val Score

1 Lagos, Nigeria 22.0 3.0 700 3.0 Yes. 2 Yes. 2Yes.

Democratic3

$336.2 billion 5.3%

annual growth

3Pirating in

Niger Delta Region

1 2.5

2Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

20.5 2.0 1000 2.0

Yes. Tanzania Electric Supply

Company, (TANESCO).

2 No. 0 Yes. Democratic 3$20.7 billion7.1% annual

growth1

Medium. High Drug Trafficking

Trade.2 1.75

3Darkar, Senegal

18.0 1.0 1500 1.0 Yes 2

Yes. Established

Captial City of Dakar

2Varying. High

Illegal Drug Trade

1$13.4 billion 2.5% annual

growth1 No. 3 1.5

4Maputo, Mozambique

19.0 1.0 1100 1.0

Yes. Primary - Electricidade de

Mozambique (EDM).

2 No. 0Yes.

Democratic.3

$9.9 billion6.8% annual

growth1

Medium. High Drug Trafficking

Trade.2 1.4

5Walvis Bay, Namibia

13.0 0.014 deg C @

1500m0.0

No. Very

Fragmented.0

Possible Yes. Well

established port city.

2

Yes. Democratic. Good U.S. relations

3$13.2 billion 2.9% annual

growth1 No. 3 1.15

Sea Stability (Pirating)

15%

Max ΔT @ 1000 m (°C)

20% 15% 15% 10%10%15%Political Stability

Min Depth for ΔT=20° (m)

GDP (2008 est.)

Established Power Distribution System

(Y/N)

Installation Facilities Available

(Y/N)

Rank

Technical CaseOperational ConceptScope and ContextArchitecture EvaluationFunctional DecompositionArchitecture DevelopmentDoDAF DiagramsExecutable Architecture


Operational ConceptSystem Boundary

Power PlantControl SystemWarm Seawater is

External Input

Cold Seawater is External Input

Power to Power Plant is System

Output


OTEC System P-Diagram

OTEC System

Controls•Water Pump•Fluid Pump•OTEC CPU

•Turbine•Generator•Heat Exchangers•Pipes•Working fluid

(Noise Factors)•Temperature•Sea state•Weather•Corrosion

(Output Functions)•Power

•Water

(Input Signals)•Water•Startup Power

17OTEC African Deployment

Architecture Evaluation

Closed Cycle OTEC is the Most Feasible and Mature Approach12/18/2009 18OTEC African Deployment

Functional Decomposition

Operate OTEC

System

Generate Power

Monitor Health

Control OTEC

System

Monitor Fluid

Pressure

Monitor Pump Power

Monitor Evaporator temperature

Monitor Condenser temperature

Monitor Generator

Power

Monitor Turbine Speed

Pump Working

FluidPump Water

Drive Turbine

Spin Generator

Condense Working

Fluid

Evaporate Working

Fluid

Start OTEC System

Control System

System Boundary

Provide Power to Customers(Stakeholder)

Power Plant Power Distribution

(Stakeholder)

Personal Generator

Oil Company

Hydroelectric Power

Run OTEC CPU

Stop OTEC System


External Systems/Context Diagrams

Operate OTECSystem

WaterWater

Power

Standards

Provide Power to Power Grid

ConsumerPower

Status

A0

Regulations

Startup Power

Performance Rules

Authorization

EXTERNAL

Context Diagram


OTEC IDEF0


Architecture Development

System Functional Mapping

Architecture Behavior

Business Strategy

OV-1, OV-4, OV-5

SV-3, SV-4, SV-5a

OV-6C, SV-10CPN Tools

SV-8, SV-9Market Analysis


The Six Stage Process: Structured AnalysisL. Wagenhals, A. Levis, SYST 621

DoDAF DiagramsUtilized CORE v5 to develop DoDAF

viewsDeveloped applicable DoDAF diagrams

for an interoperable architecture


OTEC System Requirements


Executable ArchitectureLeads to significant new insights into the

design and operation of the OTEC system The structure CPN model is directly related

to the functionality represented in the architecture


VideoSimulation

Executable Architecture ResultsThe executable CPN model provided

additional input into the logical flow of the system

System Control function benefited the most from the modelHow to can the system be adjusted to maintain

optimum performanceHow can the system be stopped in the event of

an errorLed to additional requirements to perform

control functionality


Market AnalysisWorld Energy Goals

Increase efficiencyDecrease dependence on

foreign oilClean, Carbon Free FuelsRenewable sources

Renewable Market TrendsRenewable energy market will

grow at 431% in the next 10 yearsOil predictions at 26% and natural gas at

46%.

Oil Industry Driving Change due to Rapidly Rising Costs, Limited Resources and Political Instability in Major Supplying Countries

Data Source: OPEC


Investment Strategy

First commercial plant in areas with high $/kWh Investor may have funds up-front or financing agreement Installation timing may impact subsystem technology choicesUtilize Patent process, proprietary markings, and legal teaming

agreements


Deployment Contract Type Risk Profit

Internal IR&D High High

Third Party License Agreement Low Low

Shared Responsibility Power Purchase Agreement Med Med

Alternative Investment Strategies

Market IntroductionHI Pilot

OTEC PlantCommercial OTEC Plant

Establish Investment

Partner Sign PPA

Cost Techical Schedule

Managing R15 CostOTEC Platform

Costs

Perform studies to determine the correct location for the OTEC platform, sizing of heat exchangers, pumps, cold water pipe, and other major subsystem components

9/1/2009 10 1 3 14 75

Impact Overall Imporance

Probability (%)Status ID Category Description Mitigation Strategy

Creation Date

Program Risks16 Risks identified in Risk

Register

Each risk has a Risk Mitigation Strategy, Status, Probability, & Overall Risk Importance – calculated as the sum of Schedule, Cost and Performance Impact

Impact Scores are on a scale of ‘0’ (No Impact) to ‘10’ (Extremely High Impact)


OTEC Program Risk R15OTEC Program Risk R15

OTEC Program Risk RegisterOTEC Program Risk Register

Affordability CalculationsAssumptions

100 MW Capacity, 99% Uptime, 30 year Financing at 8%Power Co. and Investor require 25% of income for internal

costsSponsor sale price for system affordability: $307M


Net Present Value is $1.7B in 30 years

Cash Flow AnalysisDiscrete Chance

NodesSales Income

GrowthO&M Cost Growth

Fixed Expenses$307M Investment

Growth PotentialElectricity Capacity Expansion

Additional OTEC systems could be installedCurrent system could be upgraded to include

more power modulesClean Water System

Use the power created to create clean waterInstall an “Open-Cycle” system to create both at

onceAlternative Technology Solutions

Geo-OTEC to power Oil PlatformsRenewable Fuels – Ammonia as a Carbon CarrierAgriculture – Ammonia as a fertilizer


Summary and ConclusionsConsider methods to reduce system cost, consider:

Sell directly to city to remove “middle-man”Platform cost savings: less-robust design, shorter CWPRecommend Africa installation after OTEC is

‘proven’ at large scaleAlternative technology approaches increase possible

installation area to include colder water regionsWay Forward Recommendations

Meet early and often with environmental policy teams regarding licensing and permits to ensure compliance and a clear path ahead

Begin talks with Nigerian government to express interest in developing OTEC near Lagos; Establish a partnership with power distributor

Verify ocean temperatures & geography; Consider university research


Thank YouLockheed Martin Corporation

Dr. Ted JohnsonKiffin Bryan

GMU SEOR FacultyDr. Thomas SpellerDr. Abbas K. ZaidiFaculty Reviewers


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1.00 0.85 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.65 0.44 0.51 0.45 0.40 0.24 0.22

Relevant Stakeholders

Stakeholder Goals

1 1.00 5 4 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 0 0 2 42 29 1.00

2 1.00 5 2 5 4 5 4 2 5 5 3 1 1 42 27 0.95

3 0.98 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 2 0 2 1 41 26 0.92

4 0.93 5 3 5 2 5 4 3 4 4 2 0 2 39 24 0.83

5 0.93 5 1 5 4 4 5 1 4 4 2 2 2 39 23 0.81

6 0.81 4 3 4 2 3 5 5 0 0 2 5 1 34 17 0.59

7 0.76 4 5 3 5 1 3 2 3 3 1 0 2 32 17 0.58

8 0.71 4 4 5 5 5 3 1 0 0 2 0 1 30 16 0.55

9 0.69 4 5 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 0 29 13 0.47

10 0.43 4 5 1 3 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 18 6 0.20

11 0.36 2 2 5 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 15 4 0.15

12 0.33 3 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 14 4 0.12

13 0.31 5 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 13 3 0.12

55 47 45 42 39 36 24 28 25 22 13 12

Minimize Operations & Maintenance Cost

Minimize System Capital Cost

Column Sum

Relative Weight

Rank

Energy Capacity (MW) meets local needs

High System Availability

High System Efficiency

At least 30 yrs System Lifetime

Jobs Created Locally

Minimal time to Market

Replaces Non-renewable Energy Sources

Adaptable to Future Markets (fuels, water)

Scalable capacity to meet increased Demands

Little/No Environmental Impact

Row

Sum

Goa

ls S

core

Goa

ls S

core

(Ind

exed

)

Lower Cost of Electricy ($/kWh)

Stakeholder Goals Analysis

Rank

Rela

tive

Wei

ght

Des

ign

Team

: Loc

khee

d M

artin

Inte

rfac

es: F

inan

cing

Com

pany

Com

mun

ity: L

ocal

Gov

ernm

ent

Inte

rfac

es: E

lect

ric C

ompa

ny

Com

mun

ity: L

ocal

Citi

zens

Spec

. Int

. Grp

s: S

usta

inab

le E

nerg

y

Spec

. Int

. Grp

s: E

nviro

nmen

tal

Com

petit

ors:

Oil

Indu

stry

Com

petit

ors:

Hyd

ro P

ower

Indu

stry

Des

ign

Team

: LM

Par

tner

s /S

ubs

Inte

rfac

es: O

cean

Env

ironm

ent

Des

ign

Team

: GM

U S

EOR

Facu

lty

Stakeholder Value Mapping



Quality AnalysisQuality Analysis

++ Strong Positive Correlation

+ Positive Correlation

LegendΘ

3

9

▼ Strong Negative Correlation

▬ Negative Correlation

▲Ο Moderate Relationshp

Strong Relationship

Weak Relationship 1

Risk Register


Cost Tech Sch

Active R01 ScheduleAggressive Schedule

Proactively track activities. Reconcile budgeted cost of work performed against acutal cost of work performed on weekly basis. Keep open communication with customer and partners to ensure all parties are aware of any schedule changes or delays. Master

9/1/2009 6 10 0 16 50

Managing R02 TechnicalIncompatible Technologies

Schedule monthly Interface IPT working group with partners and suppliers to understand technology interfacing requirements and interface protocols. Ensure Interface Control Documents(ICDs) are submitted, reviewed, and agreed upon prior to

9/1/2009 5 10 7 22 30

Managing R03 TechnicalRequirements Creep

Work to develop firm and agreed upon stated and derived requirements with customer. Establish Engineering Change review board and engineering change proposals as a vehicle for documenting upscope activities. Monitor activities and only work to

9/1/2009 4 5 4 13 30

Active R04 TechnicalMeeting Requirements

Create a Requirements Integrated Project Team (IPT) with customer. Participants to include stakeholders including: partners, customer, and internal team. IPT will serve to discuss and communicate all requirements changes with team. Project status wil l be

9/1/2009 2 1 2 5 10

Plan R05 TechnicalTraining of Personnel

Ensure that Training and Technology manuals are budgeted and reviewed againt logisitics team for accurracy. Provide training material to the customer for final approval for comments prior to final delivery.

9/1/2009 3 5 3 11 10

Active R06 CostStability of Utility Provider

Work with Utility provider to ensure that proper infastructure is in place prior to Power Purchase Contract is finalized and signed. Provide detailed requirements to local utill ity provider early in development phase such that proper eqiupment may be located

9/1/2009 2 2 1 5 5

Active R07 TechnicalEnvironmental Impacts

Work with local environmental groups to understand concerns and particular ecosystems in area of platform. Establish working dialog with community groups to understand issues and factor these needs into development of the system.

9/1/2009 1 1 3 5 10

Active R08 TechnicalSuitable platform location (Best /

Work with NOAA to fully understand the ocean bathemetry and average monthy temperature at depth. By understanding enviornmental factors, the most feasible location can be selected.

9/1/2009 3 4 2 9 5

Managing R09 TechnicalSelection of subcontractors

Leverage subcontractor research performend by the Lockheed Martin customer and select subcontractors with a history exemplory performance and ethics.

9/1/2009 1 3 1 5 10

Managing R10 TechnicalSelection of major componets

Leverage expertise of partners and involve stakeholders early in process. Perform market and early prototyping analysis.

9/1/2009 6 2 1 9 5

Managing R11Schedule/ Cost

Suitable onshore manufacturing

Work with Nigerian Government to select an apporaprete fanufactoring facil ity. Work with subcontracs team to identify commercially avaible ships, dry docks, tugs, and similar marine construction crafts.

9/1/2009 3 1 3 7 10

Active R12 Technical System security Piracy has been an issue for some Oil Refinaries in the Niger Delta. The OTEC system will best practices to insure crew members are safe during there time on the platform.

9/1/2009 3 1 1 5 20

Managing R13 TechnicalUnderwater marine cable

Size marine cable to handle 15% higher voltage rating that the expected peak power distrobution. Work with local environmental groups to understand the particurlar environment where

9/1/2009 3 2 1 6 10

Plan R14 TechnicalWorking Fluid Leaks

Develop a strict maintenance schedule and procedure for the working fluid subsystem. Crew are to follow the documented procedure and OSHA regulations to ensure ammonia spil ls are handled as mandated in regulations.

9/1/2009 1 4 1 6 10

Managing R15 CostOTEC Platform Costs

Perform studies to determine the correct location for the OTEC platform, sizing of heat exchangers, pumps, cold water pipe, and other major subsystem components

10 1 3 14 75

Managing R16 TechnicalUnfamiliar Design Elements

Leverage expertise of partners and involve stakeholders 9/1/2009 1 6 2 9 20

IDStatusCreation

DateImpact Probability

(%)Overall

ImportanceMitigation StrategyDescriptionCategory

System Components

System Functions Ce

ntra

l Com

pute

r

Cold

Wat

er P

ipe

Cond

ense

r

Ther

mos

tatC

Evap

orat

or

Ther

mos

tatE

Flui

d Pu

mp

Pres

sure

Sen

sor

Gen

erat

or

Pow

er S

enso

r

Hot W

ater

Pip

e

Turb

ine

Tach

omet

er

Wat

er P

ump

Pum

p Po

wer

Sen

sor

Control OTEC System X X X X XStart OTEC System XRun OTEC CPU XControl System X X XStop OTEC System XGenerate Power X X XPump Working Fluids XPump Water X X XEvaporate Working Fluid X X XDrive Turbine X XSpin Generator X XCondense Working Fluid X X XMonitor Health XMonitor Turbine Speed X XMonitor Generator Power

X X X

Monitor Condenser Temperature

X X

Monitor Evaporator Temperature

X X

Monitor Fluid Pressure X XMonitor Pump Power X X X

System Functions to Component Mapping

OTEC African Deployment

Project PlanWBS Developed based on Project Guidance

Tasks organized and linked in MS Project


Architecture Development

L. Wagenhals, A. Levis, SYST 621 Lecture 8


Technology S-Curves Key technology Focus Areas

Cold Water Pipe Turbine Technology


1993 2015TODAY

Steel

Fiber Glass

Carbon Fiber

Thermosetting Polymer

Metal Matrix Composites

MAR

KET P

ENTR

ATIO

N

1970 2020TODAY

Standard Steel Blades

Two Pressure Non-Heating Cycles

Multiple Pressure Re-Heating Cycles

Multiple Pressure Re-Heating w/Nano Coatings

Advanced Steam Bottling

Cold Water Pipe Turbine Technology

CPN Model


CPN Simulation Video


http://mason.gmu.edu/~amccull1/files/OTEC_CPN_Simulation.wmv

December 18, 2009 Pierre Cannon Sumon Nandy Amy Nandy.

Documents

otec african deployment

african coast

african nations

energy power

rankine cycle otec

possible otec site

system power output

working fluid