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DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02 Feature Configuration Guide Issue 01 Date 2009-03-20 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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DBS3900 WiMAX Feature Configuration Guide(V300R002C02_01)

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Page 1: DBS3900 WiMAX Feature Configuration Guide(V300R002C02_01)

DBS3900 WiMAX

V300R002C02

Feature Configuration Guide

Issue 01

Date 2009-03-20

Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Page 2: DBS3900 WiMAX Feature Configuration Guide(V300R002C02_01)

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. For anyassistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................1

1 HARQ Feature.............................................................................................................................1-11.1 Overview of the HARQ Feature......................................................................................................................1-21.2 Availability of the HARQ Feature..................................................................................................................1-41.3 Description of the HARQ Feature...................................................................................................................1-4

1.3.1 Fundamental Principles of the HARQ...................................................................................................1-51.3.2 HARQ Types..........................................................................................................................................1-61.3.3 HARQ Processing in the Signaling Plane..............................................................................................1-61.3.4 HARQ Processing in the User Plane......................................................................................................1-81.3.5 HARQ Allocation Algorithm and Buffer Management.........................................................................1-91.3.6 Power Control and AMC Processing for HARQ Connections..............................................................1-9

1.4 Implementation of the HARQ Feature............................................................................................................1-91.4.1 Activating the HARQ Feature..............................................................................................................1-101.4.2 Deactivating the HARQ Feature..........................................................................................................1-11

1.5 Maintenance Information About the HARQ Feature....................................................................................1-111.6 Reference Information About the HARQ Feature........................................................................................1-13

2 Multi-Antenna Feature..............................................................................................................2-12.1 Overview of the Multi-Antenna Feature.........................................................................................................2-22.2 Availability of the Multi-Antenna Feature......................................................................................................2-42.3 Functions of the Multi-Antenna Feature.........................................................................................................2-5

2.3.1 Key Multi-Antenna Technologies..........................................................................................................2-52.3.2 Strategy of Multi-Antenna Applications................................................................................................2-9

2.4 Implementation of the Multi-Antenna Feature................................................................................................2-92.4.1 Activating the Multi-Antenna Feature...................................................................................................2-92.4.2 Deactivating the Multi-Antenna Feature..............................................................................................2-14

2.5 Maintenance of the Multi-Antenna Feature..................................................................................................2-152.6 Reference Information of the Multi-Antenna Feature...................................................................................2-16

3 Power Control and AMC Feature............................................................................................3-13.1 Overview of the Power Control and AMC Feature.........................................................................................3-23.2 Availability of the Power Control and AMC Feature.....................................................................................3-43.3 Description of the Power Control and AMC Feature......................................................................................3-43.4 Implementation of the Power Control and AMC Feature...............................................................................3-7

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3.4.1 Activating the Power Control and AMC Feature...................................................................................3-73.4.2 Deactivating the Power Control and AMC Feature...............................................................................3-8

3.5 Maintenance Information of the Power Control and AMC Feature................................................................3-83.6 Reference Information of the Power Control and AMC Feature....................................................................3-9

4 Idle Mode Feature......................................................................................................................4-14.1 Overview of the Idle Mode Feature................................................................................................................4-24.2 Availability of the Idle Mode Feature.............................................................................................................4-44.3 Description of the Idle Mode Feature.............................................................................................................4-5

4.3.1 Entering Idle Mode.................................................................................................................................4-54.3.2 Paging.....................................................................................................................................................4-74.3.3 Location Update.....................................................................................................................................4-84.3.4 Exiting Idle Mode.................................................................................................................................4-10

4.4 Implementation of the Idle Mode Feature.....................................................................................................4-134.4.1 Activating the Idle Mode Feature.........................................................................................................4-134.4.2 Deactivating the Idle Mode Feature.....................................................................................................4-13

4.5 Maintenance Information of the Idle Mode Feature.....................................................................................4-144.6 Reference Information of the Idle Mode Feature..........................................................................................4-15

5 QoS Feature.................................................................................................................................5-15.1 Overview of the QoS Feature..........................................................................................................................5-25.2 Availability of the QoS Feature......................................................................................................................5-35.3 Description of the QoS Feature.......................................................................................................................5-4

5.3.1 QoS Network Model..............................................................................................................................5-55.3.2 QoS Mechanism and Parameters............................................................................................................5-55.3.3 QoS Transmission Control...................................................................................................................5-10

5.4 Implementation of the QoS Feature..............................................................................................................5-115.4.1 Activation of the QoS Feature..............................................................................................................5-115.4.2 Deactivation of the QoS Feature..........................................................................................................5-14

5.5 Maintenance Information of the QoS Feature...............................................................................................5-145.6 Reference Information of the QoS Feature...................................................................................................5-15

6 Handover Feature.......................................................................................................................6-16.1 Overview of the Handover Feature.................................................................................................................6-26.2 Availability of the Handover Feature..............................................................................................................6-36.3 Description of the Handover Feature..............................................................................................................6-36.4 Implementation of the Handover Feature........................................................................................................6-5

6.4.1 Activating the Handover Feature...........................................................................................................6-56.4.2 Deactivating the Handover Feature........................................................................................................6-8

6.5 Maintenance Information of the Handover Feature........................................................................................6-86.6 Reference Information of the Handover Feature.............................................................................................6-9

7 Automatic Discovery Feature...................................................................................................7-17.1 Overview of the Automatic Discovery Feature...............................................................................................7-27.2 Availability of the Automatic Discovery Feature...........................................................................................7-3

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7.3 Description of the Automatic Discovery Feature............................................................................................7-47.4 Implementation of the Automatic Discovery Feature.....................................................................................7-5

7.4.1 Activating the Automatic Discovery Feature.........................................................................................7-57.4.2 Deactivating the Automatic Discovery Feature.....................................................................................7-9

7.5 Maintenance Information of the Automatic Discovery Feature....................................................................7-107.6 Reference Information of the Automatic Discovery Feature........................................................................7-10

8 FFR Feature..................................................................................................................................8-18.1 Overview of the FFR Feature..........................................................................................................................8-28.2 Availability of the FFR Feature......................................................................................................................8-38.3 Description of the FFR Feature.......................................................................................................................8-38.4 Implementation of the FFR Feature................................................................................................................8-6

8.4.1 Activating the FFR Feature....................................................................................................................8-68.4.2 Deactivating the FFR Feature................................................................................................................8-7

8.5 Maintenance Information of the FFR Feature.................................................................................................8-78.6 Reference Information of the FFR Feature.....................................................................................................8-7

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Figures

Figure 1-1 SAW hybrid ARQ solution.................................................................................................................1-5Figure 1-2 Fundamental principles of the HARQ................................................................................................1-6Figure 1-3 HARQ processing flow chart in the user plane..................................................................................1-8Figure 2-1 Transmit matrix of Matrix A..............................................................................................................2-5Figure 2-2 Transmit matrix of Matrix B..............................................................................................................2-6Figure 2-3 Principle of four-antenna CDD...........................................................................................................2-6Figure 2-4 CDD transmission mode.....................................................................................................................2-7Figure 2-5 Transmit matrix of Matrix A..............................................................................................................2-7Figure 2-6 Transmit matrix of Matrix B..............................................................................................................2-8Figure 2-7 Principle of uplink CSM.....................................................................................................................2-8Figure 4-1 Network model of the idle mode feature............................................................................................4-2Figure 4-2 Idle mode entry initiated by the SS/MS..............................................................................................4-6Figure 4-3 Idle mode entry initiated by the BS....................................................................................................4-6Figure 4-4 Paging process....................................................................................................................................4-7Figure 4-5 Secure location update process...........................................................................................................4-8Figure 4-6 Insecure location update process........................................................................................................4-9Figure 4-7 Idle mode exiting after the timer expires..........................................................................................4-11Figure 4-8 Idle mode exiting before the timer expires.......................................................................................4-12Figure 5-1 External interfaces of the WiMAX DBS3900....................................................................................5-5Figure 7-1 DHCP Configuration Tool interface................................................................................................7-9Figure 8-1 PUSC with all SC(1,3,3) networking mode.......................................................................................8-4Figure 8-2 PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode..........................................................................................................8-5Figure 8-3 FFR(1,1,3) networking mode.............................................................................................................8-5

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Tables

Table 1-1 Network elements involved in the HARQ feature...............................................................................1-4Table 1-2 Versions that support the HARQ feature.............................................................................................1-4Table 1-3 Parameters in the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command...........................................................1-11Table 1-4 Parameters in the MOD ULCHANPARA command.........................................................................1-11Table 1-5 Parameters in the MOD DLCHANPARA command.........................................................................1-12Table 1-6 Parameters in the MOD OFDMACAPABILITAY command...........................................................1-12Table 1-7 Parameters in the MOD MACCAPABILITY command...................................................................1-12Table 1-8 Parameters in the MOD MACCAPABILITY command...................................................................1-13Table 1-9 Parameters in the MOD RRMSOFT command.................................................................................1-13Table 2-1 Requirements of the multi-antenna feature for the network elements.................................................2-4Table 2-2 Versions that support the multi-antenna feature..................................................................................2-5Table 2-3 Downlink PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone, uplink PUSC 1/3.......................................................2-11Table 2-4 Downlink PUSC with All + PUSC with All STC zone, uplink PUSC with All................................2-12Table 2-5 Down link PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone + PUSC with All + PUSC with All STC Zone, uplinkPUSC 1/3 + PUSC with All................................................................................................................................2-12Table 2-6 Downlink PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone + PUSC with All + PUSC with All STC Zone, uplink PUSCwith All................................................................................................................................................................2-13Table 2-7 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command...........................................................................2-14Table 2-8 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command...........................................................................2-14Table 2-9 Parameters of the MOD SECTOR command....................................................................................2-15Table 2-10 Parameters of the MOD OFDMACAPABILITY command...........................................................2-15Table 2-11 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command.........................................................................2-15Table 2-12 Parameters of the MOD RRMSOFT command...............................................................................2-16Table 3-1 Network elements involved in the power control and AMC feature...................................................3-4Table 3-2 Versions that support the power control and AMC feature.................................................................3-4Table 3-3 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command.............................................................................3-9Table 3-4 Parameters of the MOD ULAMCTHRESH command........................................................................3-9Table 3-5 Parameters of the MMOD ULPERTHRESH command......................................................................3-9Table 4-1 Network elements involved in the idle mode feature...........................................................................4-4Table 4-2 Versions that support the idle mode feature.........................................................................................4-5Table 4-3 Parameters of the MOD MACCAPABILITY command.................................................................4-14Table 4-4 Parameters of the ADD PAGINGINF command.............................................................................4-14Table 4-5 Performance measurement items related to the idle mode feature.....................................................4-15Table 5-1 NEs involved in the QoS feature..........................................................................................................5-4

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Table 5-2 Versions that support the QoS feature.................................................................................................5-4Table 5-3 QoS scheduling types and corresponding typical services...................................................................5-6Table 6-1 Network elements involved in the handover feature............................................................................6-3Table 6-2 Versions that support the handover feature..........................................................................................6-3Table 6-3 Parameters of the ADD NBR command..............................................................................................6-8Table 6-4 Parameters of the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command............................................................6-8Table 6-5 Parameters of the MOD HOPARA command.....................................................................................6-9Table 7-1 Network elements involved in the automatic discovery feature..........................................................7-3Table 7-2 Versions that support the automatic discovery feature........................................................................7-3Table 7-3 DHCP parameters.................................................................................................................................7-6Table 7-4 Parameters of the SET DHCPFUNC command.................................................................................7-10Table 8-1 Requirements of the FFR feature for network elements......................................................................8-3Table 8-2 Versions that support the FFR feature.................................................................................................8-3Table 8-3 Parameters of the MOD FFRPARA command....................................................................................8-7

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About This Document

Overview

This document describes the features of the DBS3900 WiMAX in terms of their definitions,principles, service flows, and implementation.

Product Versions

The following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Product Version

DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

Intended Audience

This document is intended for:

l Network planning engineers

l System engineers

l Commissioning engineers

l Network operators

Change History

Version Description

01 (2009-03-20) Initial release.

Organization

1 HARQ Feature

This describes the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), which is a technology that usesboth Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) to improve thecommunications reliability.

2 Multi-Antenna Feature

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This describes the functions, application strategies, and engineering of the multi-antennatechnologies that the Huawei WiMAX products adopt.

3 Power Control and AMC Feature

Power control and AMC algorithms are core algorithms of WiMAX. The MS and BS cooperateover the R1 interface to achieve power control and AMC.

4 Idle Mode Feature

This describes the basic concepts, functions, and implementation method of the idle modefeature.

5 QoS Feature

The WiMAX BS can provide users with five different Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Usersneed to choose the desired QoS level when subscribing to services.

6 Handover Feature

This describes the handover feature of the WiMAX BS. The WiMAX BS supports hardhandovers, including intra-BS handovers and inter-BS handovers.

7 Automatic Discovery Feature

This describes the automatic discovery feature, which is the application of DHCP in the WiMAXsystem.

8 FFR Feature

FFR is an enhanced function of the WiMAX system.

ConventionsSymbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if notavoided,will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, whichif not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if notavoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss,performance degradation, or unexpected results.

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or savetime.

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

General Conventions

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The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are inboldface. For example, log in as user root.

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are inCourier New.

Command Conventions

The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italics.

[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. One item is selected.

[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated byvertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of allitems can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated byvertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.

GUI Conventions

The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titlesare in boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder .

Keyboard Operations

The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

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Format Description

Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.

Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.

Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A meansthe two keys should be pressed in turn.

Mouse Operations

The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Action Description

Click Select and release the primary mouse button without movingthe pointer.

Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously andquickly without moving the pointer.

Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move thepointer to a certain position.

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1 HARQ Feature

About This Chapter

This describes the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), which is a technology that usesboth Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) to improve thecommunications reliability.

1.1 Overview of the HARQ FeatureThis provides an overview of the HARQ feature. In an adverse radio channel environment, theHARQ technology enables the system to adapt to channel fading and rapid interferenceenvironment change, hence, effectively decreasing the error rate in data transmission.

1.2 Availability of the HARQ FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in and version information about the HARQfeature.

1.3 Description of the HARQ FeatureThis describes the fundamental principles of HARQ. To understand the HARQ feature, you needto know how HARQ works. The HARQ feature is a hybrid ARQ solution that enablesretransmission of error data to decrease the impact of error bits on ongoing services.

1.4 Implementation of the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the HARQ feature.

1.5 Maintenance Information About the HARQ FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the HARQ feature.

1.6 Reference Information About the HARQ FeatureThe HARQ feature complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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1.1 Overview of the HARQ FeatureThis provides an overview of the HARQ feature. In an adverse radio channel environment, theHARQ technology enables the system to adapt to channel fading and rapid interferenceenvironment change, hence, effectively decreasing the error rate in data transmission.

DefinitionHARQ is a PHY/MAC-layer technology that uses both hybrid ARQ and forward error correction(FEC).

After HARQ is enabled, the transmitter decides whether to retransmit a data packet accordingto the received ACK or NACK message from the receiver. If data retransmission is required,the receiver combines the data packet with the previously received packet and then retransmitsthe data packet for error correction decoding.

Through data retransmission, the receiver can obtain the time diversity gain, coding gain, andpower gain to enhance the decoding performance and spectrum efficiency and intensify coverageeffect.

PurposeFeaturing the advantages of both FEC and ARQ, HARQ is aimed at improving quality andreliability in signal transmission. In an adverse radio environment, HARQ can reduce theimpaction of channel fading and interference fluctuation, thereby achieving high system gains,lowering the BER, and improving data transmission performance.

SpecificationThe Huawei specifications of the HARQ feature are described as follows:l The UL HARQ delay and DL HARQ delay can be four frames.

l A maximum of 16 HARQ channels can be allocated to each DL subscriber and each ULsubscriber. The supported highest HARQ capability set is HARQ set 3.

l A DL single-subscriber frame supports a maximum of four subbursts, and an UL single-subscriber frame supports a maximum of three subbursts.

Influencel HARQ improves spectrum efficiency and enhances coverage.

l The data retransmission and combination during HARQ increase transmission delay to asmall extent.

l Relation between the HARQ feature and other features:– The HARQ feature is related to power control and AMC feature. HARQ and AMC are

used together to combat the fading of radio channels and time-variable interference.AMC provides rough and slow adaptive control within a large dynamic range. HARQprovides precise and fast adaptive control within a small dynamic range.

– The HARQ feature is related to the QoS feature. During service establishment, the BSdecides whether HARQ is enabled for a connection according to the service flowparameter for QoS feature.

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TermTerm Definition

Stop-and-waitmechanism

The transmitter processes another data block only after the previouslytransmitted data block is correctly received.

Retransmission For an incorrect data block, the transmitter retransmits the check bitsfirst. If error occurs again, the transmitter retransmits the entire datablock.

Chase combing The transmitter transmits system information and redundancyinformation, and the receiver corrects errors in the data packet. If anyerror bit fails to be corrected, the receiver sends a packet requestingretransmission from the transmitter. Then, the transmitter uses the sameerror correction code and includes the same redundancy information inthe retransmitted packet as that the previously packet uses and includes.After receiving an error packet, the receiver does not discard the errorpacket, but directly decodes the retransmitted code words or combinesthe retransmitted code words with buffered code words, and thendecodes them.

IncrementalRedundancy

The data transmitted by the sending send for the first time containssystem information and some redundancy information. Theretransmitted data, however, does not contain system information bitexcept new redundancy information. After the receiver receives an errorpacket, it does not discard the error packet but combines the error packetwith the retransmitted redundancy information and then decodes thecombined information.

Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviationsand Acronyms Full Spelling

ARQ Automatic Retransmission Request

AMC Automatic Modulation Control

BS Base Station

CC Chase Combining

CTC Convolutional Turbo Code

DSA/DSC Dynamic Service Addition/Chang

FEC Forward Error Correction

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request

IR Incremental Redundancy

MAC Medium Access Control

MS Mobile Station

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Abbreviationsand Acronyms Full Spelling

PDU Protocol Data Unit

SAW Stop And Wait

SS Subscriber Station

1.2 Availability of the HARQ FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in and version information about the HARQfeature.

Network Element InvolvedThe HARQ feature requires the coordination of the SS/MS, BS, and M2000. Table 1-1 lists thenetwork elements involved in the HARQ feature.

Table 1-1 Network elements involved in the HARQ feature

SS/MS BS ASN-GWAAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ - - - √

NOTE

In Table 1-1, √ is used to mark network elements that are involved in the HARQ feature, and - is used tomark network elements that are not involved in the HARQ feature.

Supporting VersionsTable 1-2 lists the versions that support the HARQ feature.

Table 1-2 Versions that support the HARQ feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License SupportThis feature does not require the license support.

1.3 Description of the HARQ FeatureThis describes the fundamental principles of HARQ. To understand the HARQ feature, you needto know how HARQ works. The HARQ feature is a hybrid ARQ solution that enablesretransmission of error data to decrease the impact of error bits on ongoing services.

In the IEEE 802.16 standard, two types of HARQs are defined: CC-HARQ and IR-HARQ. Asdefined in Mobile System Profile Release 1.0, the base station must support the CC-HARQ

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feature that uses Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC) coding and need not support the IR-HARQfeature. Hence, this document describes mainly the functions and working principles of the CC-HARQ feature.

The CC-HARQ feature involves the processing for network access and service establishment inthe signaling plane, processing for the UL and DL HARQ in the user plane, HARQ allocationmanagement, and buffer management.

1.3.1 Fundamental Principles of the HARQThe HARQ feature defined by IEEE 802.16 standard is applied to air interface links of the basestation and mobile station (MS). In fact, it is a Stop-and-Wait (SAW) hybrid ARQ solution.

1.3.2 HARQ TypesIn the IEEE 802.16 standard, two types of HARQs are defined: CC-HARQ and IR-HARQ.

1.3.3 HARQ Processing in the Signaling PlaneHARQ processing in the signaling plane involves the initial network entry of the MS, handover,idle-mode network reentry, location update, and service flow establishment.

1.3.4 HARQ Processing in the User PlaneThe BS performs HARQ processing in the user plane on the PHY layer and MAC layer.

1.3.5 HARQ Allocation Algorithm and Buffer Management

1.3.6 Power Control and AMC Processing for HARQ Connections

1.3.1 Fundamental Principles of the HARQThe HARQ feature defined by IEEE 802.16 standard is applied to air interface links of the basestation and mobile station (MS). In fact, it is a Stop-and-Wait (SAW) hybrid ARQ solution.

After a transmitter sends a packet to the receiver, it sends the next packet only when it receivesthe ACK message from the receiver. If the transmitter fails to receive the ACK message, itretransmits the packet that fails to be received, as shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 SAW hybrid ARQ solution

Both the UL and DL over the R1 interface of the WiMAX network support the HARQ. DLHARQ: After a base station (BS) sends a HARQ data packet, the MS responds with the ACKor NACK message based on whether the correct data packet is received. UL HARQ: After anMS sends an HARQ data packet, the BS decides whether to retransmit according whether theUL decoding is correct.

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HARQ enables selective retransmission of error data to decrease the impact of error codes overthe channel on services. Figure 1-1 shows how HARQ is implemented at the base station side(the HARQ implementation at the MS side is similar).

Figure 1-2 Fundamental principles of the HARQ

1.3.2 HARQ TypesIn the IEEE 802.16 standard, two types of HARQs are defined: CC-HARQ and IR-HARQ.

When the CC-HARQ is adopted and data retransmission is required, the transmitter uses thesame modulation and coding (MC) mode to retransmit the burst. After the receiver receives thedata, it combines the data with its previously received one to raise the Signal Noise Ratio (SNR)before decoding, hence, increasing the probability of correct decoding.

When the IR-HARQ is adopt and data retransmission is required, the transmitter can use differentMC mode and can add redundancy information different from previous one to the errorcorrection (EC) block for data retransmission. After the receiver receives the data, it combinesthe data with its previously received one to raise the SNR or adds redundancy information tothe decoding code, hence, increasing the probability of correct decoding. The IR-HARQ featureperformance is slightly better than the CC-HARQ feature performance but requires higherhardware capability.

According to the WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile Release 1.0, the base station mustsupport the CC-HARQ feature that uses Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC) coding and need notsupport the IR-HARQ feature.

1.3.3 HARQ Processing in the Signaling PlaneHARQ processing in the signaling plane involves the initial network entry of the MS, handover,idle-mode network reentry, location update, and service flow establishment.

The HARQ parameter renegotiation procedures during MS handover, idle-mode networkreentry, and location update are similar to that during the initial network entry of the MS. Thefollowing describes the HARQ parameter negotiation procedure during the initial network entryof the MS.

1. HARQ parameter configuration during sector carrier establishment

The HARQ related parameter configuration at the BS side is performed on the M2000 orWeb LMT. The HARQ parameter configuration procedure is described as follows:

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(1) On the M2000 or Web LMT, configure the OFDMA support capability parameter ofthe BS. This parameter indicates the HARQ support capability of the BS. The HARQrelated OFDMA support capability parameters are:l Demodulation Mode: The BIT#4 (the fifth bit from the least significant bit to the

most significant bit) set to 1 is one of the prerequisites for enabling the HARQ.When the BIT#4 is set to 0, HARQ is disabled.

l Modulation Mode: The BIT#5 (the sixth bit from the least significant bit to themost significant bit) set to 1 is one of the prerequisites for enabling the HARQ.When the BIT#5 is set to 0, HARQ is disabled.

l Uplink Control Support: HARQ retransmission requires the UL ACK channelto transmit the DL ACK or NACK message. The BIT#2 (the third bit from theleast significant bit to the most significant bit) set to 1 indicates supporting the ULACK channel and enabling the HARQ. When the BIT#2 is set to 0, HARQ isdisabled.

(2) During sector carrier establishment, the BS decides whether to enable the HARQfunction according to the HARQ capability parameters and records the decision forthe sector. The result is used during the network entry negotiation of the MS.

2. SBC processing procedure during the initial network entry of the MSDuring the initial network entry of the MS, whether the BS supports the HARQ functionis negotiated through the SS basic capability (SBC) processing procedure. The SBCprocessing procedure is described as follows:

(1) The MS initiates the SBC processing procedure to negotiate whether to support theHARQ function by sending a message to the BS.

(2) The BS negotiates with the MS on whether to support the HARQ parameters HARQBuffer Capability, Number of UL/DL HARQ Channels, and Maximum NumberOf Bursts Per Frame Capability In HARQ according to the HARQ Chase indicatorbit in parameters Modulation Mode and Demodulation Mode. Through negotiation,the BS decides whether to enable HARQ for a connection, the number of HARQchannels to be used, and whether to enable the PDU SN subheader in MAC Headerand Extended Subhead Support.l HARQ Buffer Capability: The value of this parameter indicates the maximum

size of buffer that a sub-burst can occupy. The value of this parameter impacts thetransmission rate of the MS that enables the HARQ function.

l Number of UL/DL HARQ Channels: The value of this parameter needs to benegotiated between the BS and the MS and set to the smallest value supported bythe BS and the MS. The value of this parameter and the value of HARQ BufferCapability together determine the peak rate of the MS that enables the HARQ.

l Maximum Number Of Bursts Per Frame Capability In HARQ: The value ofthis parameter indicates the maximum number of bursts in each frame supportedby the HARQ. The value of this parameter impacts the number of MSs that a framecan process synchronously.

(3) The BS saves the negotiation result. The DSA processing procedure during serviceestablishment is started.

3. DSA processing procedure during service establishmentDuring the service establishment, whether the BS supports the HARQ function is negotiatedthrough the Dynamic Service Addition (DSA) procedure. The DSA processing procedureis described as follows:

(1) The BS decides whether to enable HARQ according to MS service flow QoSparameters, negotiated Number of UL/DL HARQ Channels and HARQ Buffer

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Capability supported by the MS during SBC processing procedure, and service flowdelay threshold of the BS.

(2) The BS saves related negotiation parameters and sets up the HARQ connectionaccording to the negotiation parameters.

1.3.4 HARQ Processing in the User PlaneThe BS performs HARQ processing in the user plane on the PHY layer and MAC layer.

Figure 1-3 shows the HARQ processing flow chart in the user plane.

Figure 1-3 HARQ processing flow chart in the user plane

The HARQ processing in the user plane is classified into DL processing in the user plane andUL processing in the user plane.

1. HARQ DL processing in the user planeAs shown in Figure 1-3, the BS packs, fragments, and then assembles the data packetsfrom the classifier into a subburst, adds the CRC16 code, performs coding and modulation,and then sends the subburst to the MS.After an HARQ ACK Delay for DL Burst, the MS responds with an ACK or NACKmessage through the ACK channel. The BS demodulates the message on the ACK channel,and then performs HARQ allocation according to the demodulation result.HARQ ACK Delay for DL Burst: It indicates the time an MS takes to responds with anACK or NACK message after receiving a sub-burst. The value of this parameter impactsdata transmission performance and system overhead over the air interface.

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2. HARQ UL processing in the user planeDuring UL processing in the user plane, the MS sends HARQ data according to the MAPmessage sent by the BS. Then, the BS demodulates UL data. If the BS receives HARQ datafor the first time, its demodulation module decodes the data. If the BS receives theretransmitted HARQ data, it combines the retransmitted data with the previously receivedone and overwrites the original data in the buffer. Then, the decoding module performsdata decoding. The BS decides whether to allocate related resources for the retransmissionof the next frame of HARQ data according to the decoding result.

1.3.5 HARQ Allocation Algorithm and Buffer Management

The HARQ allocation algorithm and buffer management are performed on the PHY layer andMAC layer of the BS.l The PHY layer supports fast ACK channel demodulation and UL buffer management.

l The MAC layer supports HARQ burst allocation and DL buffer management.

The BS uses the HARQ ACK Delay for DL Burst parameter in the UCD message to definehow soon an MS responds with an ACK or NACK message after receiving a DL sub-burst.

The BS performs fast ACK channel demodulation for the ACK or NACK message receivedfrom the MS, performs HARQ allocation according to the demodulation result andretransmission times, and decides whether to empty the buffer corresponding to the DL HARQsubchannel.

1.3.6 Power Control and AMC Processing for HARQ Connections

AMC Processing for the DL HARQThe BS supports AMC processing for the DL HARQ, including the DL AMC processing for anMS that uses both HARQ connections and non-HARQ connections. The demodulationthresholds of HARQ and non-HARQ connections are different. Therefore, different AMC outer-loop thresholds are used.

The MAC layer selects the DL MC mode for the HARQ connection according to the DL outer-loop threshold and the CINR measured by the MS.

Power Control and AMC Processing for the UL HARQThe BS supports power control and AMC processing for the UL HARQ, including UL powercontrol and AMC processing for an MS that uses both DL HARQ links and non-HARQ links.

The MAC layer periodically adjusts the UL outer-loop threshold for enabling an HARQconnection according to the CRC16 result on the PHY layer.

The MAC layer selects the UL MC mode and calculates the UL power control result for theHARQ connection according to the UL outer-loop threshold and the CINR and RSSImeasurement result on the PHY layer.

1.4 Implementation of the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the HARQ feature.

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1.4.1 Activating the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to activate the HARQ feature. On the M2000 or Web LMT, you can performrelated configurations for the BS to activate the HARQ feature.

1.4.2 Deactivating the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the HARQ feature. You can deactivate the HARQ feature bysetting demodulation mode parameter BIT#5 and modulation mode parameter BIT#4 to 0.

1.4.1 Activating the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to activate the HARQ feature. On the M2000 or Web LMT, you can performrelated configurations for the BS to activate the HARQ feature.

ContextThe HARQ parameter configuration at the BS side is as follows:

NOTEBefore performing the HARQ parameter configuration at the BS side, ensure that the sector carrier is indeactivate state. Step 2 to step 6 of the following configuration steps are not in a particular sequence.

Procedure

Step 1 Run MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG to deactivate the sector carrier.

For example,MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, BLOCKFLAG=Blocked;

Step 2 Run MOD OFDMACAPABILITY to enable the HARQ UL/DL modulation mode,demodulation mode, MAP capability, and UL ACK channel support. Modulation mode enabled(BIT#4 set to 1) and demodulation mode enabled (BIT#5 set to 1) are the prerequisites forenabling the HARQ.

For example,MOD OFDMACAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DEMODULATION=37, MODULATION=20, ULCTRLSUPP=4, OFDMAMAPCAP=6;

Step 3 Run MOD MACCAPABILITY to enable the BS to support the PDU SN extended subheader,to set the BS-supported HARQ buffer size (5140 bits are recommended), and to set the HARQ-supported maximum number of subbursts (65 is recommended) in a frame.

For example,MOD MACCAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, HEADERTYPESUPP=327647, EXTCAP=1, HARQCHASEBUFCAP=5140, MAXBURINHARQ=65;

Step 4 Run MOD ULCHANPARA and MOD DLCHANPARA to configure the UL/DL HARQmaximum retransmission times and HARQ DL ACK delay.。

For example,MOD ULCHANPARA: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, HARQDELAYFORDLBURST=1, ULHARQMAXRETRAN=4;MOD DLCHANPARA: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLMAXHARQRETRAN=4;

Step 5 Run MOD RRMSOFT to enable the service flow priority threshold and service flow delaythreshold at the BS side. HARQ can be enabled for the service flow only when the previous twothresholds are smaller than those thresholds in the QoS parameters set for the MS.

For example,MOD RRMSOFT: PARANO=21, VALUE=0;MOD RRMSOFT: PARANO=22, VALUE=8;

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Step 6 Run MOD RRMSOFT to configure the UL public-area mode of the BS. The UL public-areasupports five modes (mode 0 to mode 4). Where, mode 3 does not support UL HARQ ACKchannels. Therefore, to enable the HARQ, do not configure mode 3.

For example,MOD RRMSOFT: PARANO=5, VALUE=4;

Step 7 Run MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG to activate the sector carrier.

For example,MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, BLOCKFLAG=Unblocked;

----End

1.4.2 Deactivating the HARQ FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the HARQ feature. You can deactivate the HARQ feature bysetting demodulation mode parameter BIT#5 and modulation mode parameter BIT#4 to 0.

ProcedureRun MOD OFDMACAPABILITY to set demodulation mode parameter BIT#5 andmodulation mode BIT#4 to 0 to deactivate the HARQ feature.For example,MOD OFDMACAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DEMODULATION=5,MODULATION=4,ULCTRLSUPP=2,OFDMAMAPCAP=6;

----End

1.5 Maintenance Information About the HARQ FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the HARQ feature.

Related ParametersTable 1-3, Table 1-4, Table 1-5, Table 1-6, Table 1-7, Table 1-8 and Table 1-9 list theparameters related to the HARQ feature.

Table 1-3 Parameters in the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

BLOCKFLAG Block flag

Table 1-4 Parameters in the MOD ULCHANPARA command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

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Parameter Meaning

HARQDELAYFORDLBURST HARQ delay frames for the downlink burst

ULHARQMAXRETRAN Maximum retransmission times of the uplinkHARQ

Table 1-5 Parameters in the MOD DLCHANPARA command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

HARQACKDELAYFORULBURST HARQ ACK delay frames for uplink BURST

DLMAXHARQRETRAN Maximum retransmission times of downlinkHARQ

Table 1-6 Parameters in the MOD OFDMACAPABILITAY command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

DEMODULATION Demodulation mode

MODULATION Modulation mode

ULCTRLSUPP Uplink control support

OFDMAMAPCAP OFDMA MAP capability

Table 1-7 Parameters in the MOD MACCAPABILITY command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

HEADERTYPESUPP MAC header and extended subheader support

HARQCHASEBUFCAP HARQ chase combining and buffercapability

EXTCAP Extended subheader capability

MAXBURINHARQ Maximum number of burst per framecapability in HARQ

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Table 1-8 Parameters in the MOD MACCAPABILITY command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

HEADERTYPESUPP MAC header and extended subheader support

HARQCHASEBUFCAP HARQ chase combining and buffercapability

EXTCAP Extended subheader capability

MAXBURINHARQ Maximum number of burst per framecapability in HARQ

Table 1-9 Parameters in the MOD RRMSOFT command

Parameter Meaning

PARANO Software parameter number

Related Performance Measurement ItemsThe related performance measurement items related to the HARQ feature are as follows:l HARQ RETRANSMISSION TIMES

l HARQ TOTAL TRANSMISSION TIMES

1.6 Reference Information About the HARQ FeatureThe HARQ feature complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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2 Multi-Antenna Feature

About This Chapter

This describes the functions, application strategies, and engineering of the multi-antennatechnologies that the Huawei WiMAX products adopt.

2.1 Overview of the Multi-Antenna FeatureMulti-antenna is a technology that uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Multi-antenna systems can be categorized into single input multiple output (SIMO) diversity, multipleinput single output (MISO) diversity, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) diversity. Allthese systems are called the MIMO systems.

2.2 Availability of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the license and version information about the multi-antenna feature and theinvolved network elements.

2.3 Functions of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the principles and application strategy of the key multi-antenna technologies.

2.4 Implementation of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the multi-antenna feature.

2.5 Maintenance of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance counters related to the multi-antenna feature.

2.6 Reference Information of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThe multi-antenna feature complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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2.1 Overview of the Multi-Antenna FeatureMulti-antenna is a technology that uses multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Multi-antenna systems can be categorized into single input multiple output (SIMO) diversity, multipleinput single output (MISO) diversity, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) diversity. Allthese systems are called the MIMO systems.

Definition

The IEEE 802.16e system supports multiple multi-antenna technologies, including downlinktransmitter diversity (such as Matrix A and CDD), space division multiplexing (such as MatrixB), and uplink multi-antenna receiver (MRC), and uplink collaborative MIMO (collaboratespatial multiplex: CSM).

l If the BS uses two transmit antennas, two-antenna Matrix A or Matrix B transmission canbe adopted. For common channels like the Preamble, two-antenna CDD transmission canbe adopted.

l If the BS uses four transmit antennas, Matrix A+CDD or Matrix B+CDD transmission canbe adopted. For common channels like the Preamble, four-antenna CDD transmission canbe adopted.

l If the terminal supports demodulation under Matrix A or Matrix B, the BS transmits signalsto the terminal in these two MIMO modes.

The multi-antenna technologies are defined as follows:

l Downlink transmitter diversity: The BS uses multiple antennas for transmission. Signalsare processed (such as STC) by the transmitter and then sent through multiple antennas.Using transmitter diversity can achieve diversity gain and power gain from multi-antennatransmission.

l Downlink space division multiplexing: Different streams are transmitted through the sametime and frequency resources. These streams are identified with their antennas. Using spacedivision multiplexing can achieve multiplexing gain.

l Uplink multi-antenna receiver: Also called diversity receive, the most frequently usedsignal receive mode in mobile communication systems. The BS receives data from differentantennas and combines them to cancel the fading effect. Through diversity receiving, arraygain and diversity gain can be obtained.

l Uplink CSM: A transmit mode in which multiple SSs, which are identified with theirtransmitter antennas, use the same time and frequency resources. Using this technologycan achieve multiplexing gain.

Purpose

The multi-antenna technology can help significantly increase the system capacity or expand thecoverage so that the spectrum resources can be fully used or the number of sites can be reduced.With this technology, the customers can reduce the CAPEX for the WiMAX market and protecttheir investment, thus bringing better service experience to their subscribers.

Specifications

System peak throughput:

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l Under the configuration of 4T4R, the peak downlink throughput in each sector carrier is45 Mbit/s. Conditions: 10 MHz bandwidth, PUSC/all sc, and 35:12 subframe ratio.

l Under the configuration of 4T4R, the peak uplink throughput in each sector carrier is 10Mbit/s. Conditions: 10 MHz bandwidth, PUSC/all sc, and 26:21 subframe ratio.

ImpactMulti-antenna technologies do not affect each other. When used together with other features,the multi-antenna feature has the following impact on the system.

Two-antenna Matrix A and two-antenna Matrix B:l On the signaling system: The system must support the MAP format of MIMO.

l On Zone management: The system must support the allocation and management of the STCZone.

Four-antenna Matrix A + CDD and four-antenna Matrix B + CDD:l On the signaling system: The system must support the MAP format of MIMO.

l On Zone management: The system must support the allocation and management of the STCZone.

TermTerm Definition

Throughput Throughput is the maximum transmission rate that a measured objectcan reach. The measured object may be a system, a piece of equipment,a connection, or a service type. Throughput can be measured bybandwidth.

Space-timecoding

Space-time coding (STC) is a signal coding technology that can be usedto obtain enhanced data transmission rates. It combines the spacetransmitted signals and time transmitted signals. In essence, it is a two-dimension (space dimension and time dimension) processing method. Ina new-generation communication system, space diversity achievedthrough multiple transmit and receive antennas raises the systemcapacity and information rate. Meanwhile, different signals aretransmitted in different timeslots by the same antenna, and thereforereceive diversity can be implemented at the receiver. In this way,diversity and coding gains are obtained to achieve high-speedtransmission. This technology is used in 3G communication systems toincrease spectrum utilization.

mTnR The BS or SS have m transmit antennas and n receive antennas.

m*n The uplink or downlink links have m transmit antennas and n receiveantennas.

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Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviationsand Acronyms Expansion

MS Mobile Station

CSM Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing

CDD Cyclic Delay Diversity

MIMO Multi-In Multi-Out

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

SS Subscriber Station

MAC Medium Access Control

BS Base Station

STC Space Time Coding

MRC Maximum Ratio Combining

2.2 Availability of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the license and version information about the multi-antenna feature and theinvolved network elements.

Network Element InvolvedThe multi-antenna feature requires the interoperation between the SS/MS and the BS. Table2-1 lists the network elements involved.

Table 2-1 Requirements of the multi-antenna feature for the network elements

SS/MS BSASN-GW

AAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ - - - √

NOTE

In Table 2-1, √ is used to mark network elements that must meet specific requirements, and - is used tomark network elements that do not have to meet specific requirements.

Supporting VersionsTable 2-2 lists the versions that support the multi-antenna feature.

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Table 2-2 Versions that support the multi-antenna feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License SupportTo use this feature, you need to apply for a license that supports it.

2.3 Functions of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the principles and application strategy of the key multi-antenna technologies.

2.3.1 Key Multi-Antenna TechnologiesThe major multi-antenna application is based on the MIMO + CDD transmit mode and MRC/CSM receive mode.

2.3.2 Strategy of Multi-Antenna ApplicationsThis describes the strategy of multi-antenna applications supported by the current HuaweiWiMAX BSs.

2.3.1 Key Multi-Antenna TechnologiesThe major multi-antenna application is based on the MIMO + CDD transmit mode and MRC/CSM receive mode.

Downlink MIMODownlink MIMO is a multi-antenna open-loop technology in which multiple antennas are usedto transmit signals without knowing downlink channel condition. The WiMAX system profiledefines that the major downlink MIMO technologies are Matrix A and Matrix B, which featuresvertical coding.

In Matrix A, the two links of transmitted signals are content-related. Under the impact (reflectionand refraction) of physical space environment, a transmitted signal is dispersed into multiplesignals with different phases. In optimum conditions, two receiving signals may be combinedinto one signal with the power doubled. In this way, the receiving diversity can increase by 3dB to enhance the system coverage. Figure 2-1 shows the transmit matrix of Matrix A.

Figure 2-1 Transmit matrix of Matrix A

In the scenario of Matrix A transmission, the recommended number of receive antennas at thereceiver side is two or more. Although only one antenna can also demodulate data, suchconfiguration is not recommended because the performance is poor.

Matrix B: Different streams are transmitted through two antennas over the same time andfrequency resources. Figure 2-2 shows the transmit matrix of Matrix B.

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Figure 2-2 Transmit matrix of Matrix B

In the scenario of Matrix B transmission, the receiver must be equipped with two or more receiveantennas to demodulate data because it must separate the two streams using the same resources.Matrix B cannot provide diversity gain. Instead, it brings space multiplexing diversity becausetwo streams use the same time and frequency resources. The performance of Matrix B can beensured when the signal-to-noise ratio is high and the channels of the two channels of the twostreams must be uncorrelated.

The system can perform self-adaptive switching between Matrix A and Matrix B through theadaptive MIMO switching (AMS) algorithm, which helps maximize the spectrum gain.

Downlink CDDCDD is implemented through the transmission of data duplicate with different delays throughdifferent antennas. This technology can provide diversity gain and improve performance. TheIEEE 802.16e standard specifies that the downlink preambles and the first downlink zone cannotuse STC coding. However, the CDD can be used to improve the demodulation performance ofthe common channel, thus improving the coverage of common channels. With the CDDtechnology, the power gain can be obtained from multi-antenna transmission. In the scenario ofchannel fading, this technology can even bring a small amount of diversity gain. In the scenarioof LOS, no diversity gain can be obtained.

Figure 2-3 shows principle of CDD.

Figure 2-3 Principle of four-antenna CDD

Downlink MIMO + CDDFor downlink non-STC Zone, CDD can be used to obtain diversity gain. The CDD technologycan logically combine multiple physical antennas into a virtual antenna, thus realizing four-antenna downlink MIMO, that is, Matrix A + CDD and Matrix B + CDD.

There are two modes of four-antenna downlink transmission.

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1. The Preamble and data on common channels are transmitted in CDD mode. Figure 2-4shows the transmission mode.

Figure 2-4 CDD transmission mode

2. Transmission mode of traffic channel. On the traffic channel, the four-antenna MIMO +

CDD transmission mode is Matrix A+CDD/Matrix B+CDD self-adaptive switching.l Figure 2-5 shows the mapping between the Matrix A + CDD baseband data and antenna.

l Figure 2-6 shows the mapping between the Matrix B + CDD baseband data and antenna.

Figure 2-5 Transmit matrix of Matrix A

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Figure 2-6 Transmit matrix of Matrix B

Uplink Multi-Antenna Technologies

There are two uplink multi-antenna technologies.

1. Uplink diversity receiving. Uplink receive diversity is the most commonly used multi-antenna technology. The BTS performs coherent combination for the signals received bymultiple antennas. In this way, array gains and four-way receiver diversity are obtained.The receive algorithm is maximum ratio combining (MRC). In MRC, coherent combinationis performed for the signals received by multiple antennas. Through MRC, array gains anddiversity gains can be obtained.

2. Uplink CSM. In uplink CSM, the terminals of two transmit-only antennas are fixed to thesame time or frequency resources. The BS uses multiple antennas to receive signals, thusdistinguishing between subscribers and improving uplink capacity. Figure 2-7 showsprinciple of uplink CSM.

Figure 2-7 Principle of uplink CSM

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2.3.2 Strategy of Multi-Antenna ApplicationsThis describes the strategy of multi-antenna applications supported by the current HuaweiWiMAX BSs.

With the MIMO License, the BS uses MIMO transmission by default regardless of the multi-antenna transmission configuration.l If the SS does not support MIMO or the downlink transmission is on a non-STC Zone,

CDD is used. The system reserve a Zone dedicated for this transmission mode. The SSs inthis Zone automatically use CDD mode to transmit data.

l If the MS supports Matrix A and Matrix B, the system determines to MIMO mode to beused according to the channel environment. The switching between Matrix A and MatrixB is performed automatically.

The performance of a four-antenna system varies with the scenario.l If the scenario is sensitivity-limited, the four-antenna configuration can significantly

improve the performance.l If the scenario is interference-limited, the four-antenna configuration contributes little in

performance improvement.

2.4 Implementation of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the multi-antenna feature.

2.4.1 Activating the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to activate the MIMO feature and the CSM function.

2.4.2 Deactivating the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the multi-carrier feature and the CSM function.

2.4.1 Activating the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to activate the MIMO feature and the CSM function.

Prerequisitel The M2000 has issued the License to the NE.

l The basic configurations related to sector carriers have been implemented.

Contextl You can set the parameters through the background maintenance tool Web LMT or the

M2000.l The parameters used in steps 2–6 and step 8 can be changed only during the deactivation

of sector carriers. The changes take effect after the sector carriers are activated again.

Procedure

Step 1 Query and set the License information.

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1. Run the LST CARRIERLICENSEINFO command to query the information about theLicense of a carrier.Example:LST CARRIERLICENSEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0;

2. Run the MOD CARRIERLICENSEINFO command to set the four-antenna MIMOcontrol parameters for a carrier.Example:MOD CARRIERLICENSEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, FOURANTENNAMIMO=1;

Step 2 Query and set the numbers of transmit antennas and receive antennas of a BS.1. Run the LST SECTOR command to query the numbers of the transmit antennas and

receive antennas of a sector.Example:LST SECTOR: SECTORID=0;

2. Run the MOD SECTOR command to set the numbers of the transmit antennas and receiveantennas of a sector.Example:MOD SECTOR: SECTORID=0, TXANTNUM=4, RXANTNUM=4;

NOTE

The values of TXANTNUM and RXANTNUM are both 4.

Step 3 Query and set the antenna mode of a BS.1. Run the LST CARRIERBASICINFO command to query the antenna mode of a sector

carrier.Example:LST CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0;

2. Run the MOD CARRIERBASICINFO command to set the antenna mode of a sectorcarrier.Example:MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, ANTBITMAP=2;

NOTE

The value range of ANTBITMAP is 0–2. 0 means using the antennas A and B of a 4T4R RRU to setup a 2T2R configuration. 1 means using the antennas C and D of a 4T4R RRU to set up a 2T2Rconfiguration. 2 means using the antennas A, B, C, and D of a 4T4R RRU to set up a 4T4Rconfiguration.

Step 4 Query and set the iCSD switch.1. Run the LST RRMSOFT command to query the iCSD switch.

Example:LST RRMSOFT: PARANO=47;

2. Run the MOD RRMSOFT command to set software parameter 47 to 1.Example:MOD RRMSOFT: PARANO=47, VALUE=1;

NOTE

Software parameter 47 is the iCSD switch. 0 means disable, and 1 means enable.

Step 5 Query and set the SBC negotiation capability.1. Run the LST OFDMACAPABILITY command to query the BS's capability in MIMO

negotiation.Example:

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LST OFDMACAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0;2. Run the MOD OFDMACAPABILITY command to set the BS's capability in MIMO

negotiation.Example:MOD OFDMACAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DEMODULATIONMIMOSUPP=3, MODULATIONMIMOSUPP=64;

Step 6 Query and set the STC Zone capability of a BS.1. Run the LST CARRIERZONEINFO command to query the BS's STC Zone capability.

Example:LST CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0;

2. Run the MOD CARRIERBASICINFO and MOD CARRIERZONEINFO commandsto set the BS's STC Zone capability.The 10 MHz bandwidth supports the subframe ratios of 35:12, 32:15, 29:18, and 26:21.Take 29:18 as an example. Table 2-3, Table 2-4, Table 2-5, and Table 2-6 list the mappingbetween the parameters and the STC Zones.

Table 2-3 Downlink PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone, uplink PUSC 1/3

Sector Parameter Setting

0 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =0, DLBITMAP="00000003", ULBITMAP="000000000000000FFF";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=1, DLZONEIND=3, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=17, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=0, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=1, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

1 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =1, DLBITMAP="0000000C ", ULBITMAP="000000000000FFF000";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=1, DLZONEIND=3, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=17, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=0, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=1, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

2 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =2, DLBITMAP="00000030 ", ULBITMAP="0000000007FF000000";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=1, DLZONEIND=3, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=17, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=0, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=1, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

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Table 2-4 Downlink PUSC with All + PUSC with All STC zone, uplink PUSC with All

Sector Parameter Setting

0 Three sectors use the same parametersetting. The values of SECTORID andDLSEGMENTNO must be set accordingto the actual conditions.MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =0, DLBITMAP="0000003F", ULBITMAP="0000000007FFFFFFFF";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=1, DLZONEIND=24, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=17, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=0, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=4, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

1

2

Table 2-5 Down link PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone + PUSC with All + PUSC with AllSTC Zone, uplink PUSC 1/3 + PUSC with All

Sector Parameter Setting

0 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =0, DLBITMAP="00000003", ULBITMAP="000000000000000FFF";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=2, ULZONEIND=5, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=15, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=35;

1 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =1, DLBITMAP="0000000C ", ULBITMAP="000000000000FFF000"; MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=2, ULZONEIND=5, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=15, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=35;

2 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =2, DLBITMAP="00000030 ", ULBITMAP="0000000007FF000000"; MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=2, ULZONEIND=5, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=15, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=35;

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Table 2-6 Downlink PUSC 1/3 + PUSC 1/3 STC Zone + PUSC with All + PUSC with AllSTC Zone, uplink PUSC with All

Sector Parameter Setting

0 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =0, DLBITMAP="00000003", ULBITMAP="0000000007FFFFFFFF ";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=4, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

1 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =1, DLBITMAP="0000000C ", ULBITMAP="0000000007FFFFFFFF ";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=1, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=4, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

2 MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =2, DLBITMAP="00000030 ", ULBITMAP="0000000007FFFFFFFF ";MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=2, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=27, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=1, ULZONEIND=4, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=0, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=0;

NOTE

l The 5 MHz bandwidth supports the subframe ratios of 35:12, 32:15, 29:18, and 26:21 andsupports only the configuration of all subcarriers (downlink PUSC with ALL + PUSC with AllSTC zone, uplink PUSC with All). Configuration method: Three sectors use the same parametersetting, and the values of SECTORID and DLSEGMENTNO must be set according to the actualconditions.

l The 7 MHz bandwidth supports the subframe ratio of 21:12. Table 2-3 and Table 2-4 list theconfiguration method of subcarriers.

Step 7 Query and set the MIMO and the AMS switches.

1. Run the LST RRMSWITCH command to query the MIMO switch of a sector carrier.Example:LST RRMSWITCH: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0;

2. Run the MOD RRMSWITCH command to set the MIMO switch of a sector carrier.Example:MOD RRMSWITCH: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLAMCSWITCH=ON, DLMIMOSWITCH=ON, DLAMSSWITCH=ON, MIMOBAMCSWITCH=ON;

Step 8 Activate the uplink CSM function. To activate the uplink CSM function, run MODRRMSWITCH to set Switch of uplink CSM to ON.Example:

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MOD RRMSWITCH: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, ULCSMSWITCH=ON;

----End

2.4.2 Deactivating the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the multi-carrier feature and the CSM function.

Procedure

Step 1 To deactivate the downlink MIMO feature, run MOD RRMSWITCH to set Switch ofdownlink MIMO to OFF. To deactivate the Matrix A and Matrix B adaptive function, setSwitch of the AMS algorithm on the downlink to OFF.Example:MOD RRMSWITCH: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLMIMOSWITCH=OFF, DLAMSSWITCH=OFF;

Table 2-7 lists the parameters of the command.

Table 2-7 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command

Parameter Meaning Value Range

SECTORID Sector ID 0、1、2

CARRIERID Carrier ID 0、1

DLMIMOSWITCH Switch of downlink MIMO On: 1 (enabled); OFF: 0(disabled)

DLAMSSWITCH Switch of the AMS algorithmon the downlink

On: 1 (enabled); OFF: 0(disabled)

Step 2 To deactivate the uplink CSM function, run MOD RRMSWITCH to set Switch of uplinkCSM to OFF.

NOTE

If the command does not take effect, deactivate the sector carrier, and then activate it again.

Example:MOD RRMSWITCH: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, ULCSMSWITCH=OFF;

Table 2-8 lists the parameters of the command.

Table 2-8 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command

Parameter Meaning Value Range

SECTORID Sector ID 0、1、2

CARRIERID Carrier ID 0、1

ULCSMSWITCH Switch of uplink CSM On: 1 (enabled); OFF: 0(disabled)

----End

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2.5 Maintenance of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance counters related to the multi-antenna feature.

Related ParametersTable 2-9, Table 2-10, Table 2-11, and Table 2-12 list the parameters related to the multi-carrier feature.

Table 2-9 Parameters of the MOD SECTOR command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

TXANTNUM Number of transmit antennas

RXANTNUM Number of receive antennas

Table 2-10 Parameters of the MOD OFDMACAPABILITY command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

DEMODULATION Demodulation scheme

MODULATION Modulation scheme

DEMODULATIONMIMO-SUPP

Supported MIMO demodulation mode

MODULATIONMIMOSUPP Supported MIMO modulation mode

Table 2-11 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

DLMIMOSWITCH Switch of downlink MIMO

DLAMSSWITCH Switch of the AMS algorithm on the downlink

ULCSMSWITCH Switch of uplink CSM

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Table 2-12 Parameters of the MOD RRMSOFT command

Parameter Meaning

PARANO Software parameter No.

VALUE Software parameter value

Related Performance Measurement ItemsNone.

2.6 Reference Information of the Multi-Antenna FeatureThe multi-antenna feature complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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3 Power Control and AMC Feature

About This Chapter

Power control and AMC algorithms are core algorithms of WiMAX. The MS and BS cooperateover the R1 interface to achieve power control and AMC.

3.1 Overview of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the definition, purpose, specifications, and impact of the power control and AMCfeature.

3.2 Availability of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the power control and AMC feature and theearliest versions that support this feature.

3.3 Description of the Power Control and AMC FeatureAccording to the IEEE 802.16 REV2 standard, the WiMAX system supports only uplink powercontrol, which applies to the transmit power of the MS. Downlink AMC works as a substitutefor downlink power control, and uplink AMC works as a supplement to uplink power control.

3.4 Implementation of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the power control and AMC feature.

3.5 Maintenance Information of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the power controland AMC feature.

3.6 Reference Information of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the reference information about the power control and AMC feature. The powercontrol and AMC feature complies with the R1 interface standard, namely IEEE 802.16 REV2.

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3.1 Overview of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the definition, purpose, specifications, and impact of the power control and AMCfeature.

DefinitionPower control is a process in which the MS or BS uses certain rules to adjust and control thetransmit power according to the change in the channel condition and the power of the receivedsignal. In the WiMAX system, power control is implemented mainly to control the transmitpower of the MS.

In AMC, an appropriate MCS is chosen according to the channel quality and system capacity.

PurposeThe purpose of power control is to control the transmit power of the MS, thereby ensuring thedata transmission quality in various radio environments.

In AMC, an appropriate MCS is chosen according to the channel quality and system capacity.In this way, data transmission efficiency is maximized, and a high rate is achieved.

Power control and AMC can be used together to raise the system average throughput andtransmission quality. When the system capability is limited, the primary goal is to lower the PERto the target value and minimize reverse interference.

SpecificationsThis feature supports uplink closed-loop power control, uplink open-loop power control, uplinkAMC, and downlink AMC.

This feature supports the following uplink MCSs:l QPSKCC1/2

l QPSKCC3/4

l 16QAMCC1/2

l 16QAMCC3/4

l QPSKCTC1/2

l QPSKCTC3/4

l 16QAMCTC1/2

l 16QAMCTC3/4

This feature supports the following downlink MCSs:l QPSKCC1/2

l QPSKCC3/4

l 16QAMCC1/2

l 16QAMCC3/4

l 64QAMCC1/2

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l 64QAMCC2/3

l 64QAMCC3/4

l QPSKCTC1/2

l QPSKCTC3/4

l 16QAMCTC1/2

l 16QAMCTC3/4

l 64QAMCTC1/2

l 64QAMCTC2/3

l 64QAMCTC3/4

l 64QAMCTC5/6

NOTE

Not all MCSs must be used.

Impact

None.

Terms

Term Definition

Uplink An uplink is a channel on which data is transmitted from the terminal tothe BS.

Downlink A downlink is a channel on which data is transmitted from the BS to theterminal.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation orAcronym Full Spelling

AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

BS Base Station

BWA Broadband Wireless Access

CINR Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio

FEC Forward Error Correction

MC Modulation and Coding

MCS Modulation Coding Scheme

MS Mobile Station

PER Packet Error Rate

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3.2 Availability of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the power control and AMC feature and theearliest versions that support this feature.

Network Elements InvolvedThe power control and AMC feature requires the joint work of the SS/MS and the BS. Table3-1 lists the network elements involved in the power control and AMC feature.

Table 3-1 Network elements involved in the power control and AMC feature

SS/MS BS ASN-GWAAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ - - - √

NOTE

In Table 3-1, √ is used to mark the network elements involved in this feature, and - is used to mark thenetwork elements not involved in this feature.

Supporting VersionsTable 3-2 lists the versions that support the power control and AMC feature.

Table 3-2 Versions that support the power control and AMC feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 V300R002C02

License SupportThis feature is not subject to license restrictions.

3.3 Description of the Power Control and AMC FeatureAccording to the IEEE 802.16 REV2 standard, the WiMAX system supports only uplink powercontrol, which applies to the transmit power of the MS. Downlink AMC works as a substitutefor downlink power control, and uplink AMC works as a supplement to uplink power control.

Power ControlBy control mode, power control is classified into closed-loop power control and open-loop powercontrol. Closed-loop power control is further classified into inner-loop power control and outer-loop power control.

l Closed-loop power controlThe BS measures the signal quality on the uplink and sends power control instructions tothe MS.

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– Inner-loop power controlThe BS measures the signal quality on the uplink and adjusts the transmit power of theMS according to Cinr Target Value.

– Outer-loop power controlThe BS properly adjusts Cinr Target Value, Cinr Low Threshold, and Cinr UpThreshold to ensure the signal quality.

l Open-loop power controlThe uplink and downlink channels are basically symmetrical to each other. In open-looppower control, when detecting that the CINR on the downlink is poor, the MS regards theuplink transmission quality to be poor. In this case, the MS raises its transmit power. Whendetecting that the CINR on the downlink is good, the MS regards the uplink transmissionquality to be good. In this case, the MS lowers its transmit power.

Uplink Inner-Loop Power Control

In inner-loop power control, the BS compares the measured CINR on the uplink with CinrTarget Value to determine whether the quality of the uplink signal is good.l When the measured CINR on the uplink is greater than Cinr Target Value, the quality of

the uplink signal is good, the BS instructs the MS to lower its transmit power.l When the measured CINR on the uplink is smaller than Cinr Target Value, the quality of

the uplink signal is poor, the BS instructs the MS to raise its transmit power.The BS sends the adjusted value to the MS over the air interface.

NOTE

You can run the MOD ULAMCTHRESH command to configure the values of Cinr Target Value for allthe MSs under a carrier. For details, see Step 2.

Uplink Outer-Loop Power Control

In outer-loop power control, the BS measures the actual value of the PER and adjusts the valuesof Cinr Target Value, Cinr Up Threshold, and Cinr Low Threshold for the MS accordingto the values of Per Target Value for different services. The Cinr Up Threshold and CinrLow Threshold after adjustment are used for decision on inner-loop power control and AMCso that the measured values of the PER for different services are close to the values of Per TargetValue for different services.

NOTE

l Different service scheduling types (UGS, eRTPS, RTPS, NRTPS, and BE services) have differentvalues of Per Target Value.

l You can run the MOD ULPERTHRESH command to configure the values of PER Target Value forall the MSs under a carrier. For details, see Step 2.

The thresholds are adjusts by steps. The adjustments are accumulated. CINR threshold currentlyused for inner-loop power control and AMC = Initial values of Cinr Target Value for all theMSs under a carrier/Cinr Low Threshold/Cinr Up Threshold + accumulated adjusted valuel If the measured value of the PER is greater than Per Target Value, the Cinr Target

Value, Cinr Low Threshold, or Cinr Up Threshold is too low, and the BS automaticallyraises Cinr Target Value, Cinr Low Threshold, or Cinr Up Threshold for the MS.

l If the measured value of the PER is smaller than Per Target Value, the Cinr TargetValue, Cinr Low Threshold, or Cinr Up Threshold is too high, and the BS automaticallylowers Cinr Target Value, Cinr Low Threshold, or Cinr Up Threshold for the MS.

This process is outer-loop power control.

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Uplink Open-Loop Power Control

The MS adjusts its transmit power according to the quality of the downlink signal. Open-looppower control is fast and causes low overheads over the air interface. The drawback of open-loop power control is low precision.

Shift Between Uplink Power Control Modes

The uplink power control mode can shift between closed-loop power control and open-looppower control. Closed-loop power control is precise. This type of power control, however, isslow and causes high overheads over the air interface. Open-loop power control is fast and causeslow overheads over the air interface. This type of power control, however, is not precise.

A shift between the uplink power control modes is originated by the BS or MS. When the shiftis originated by the BS, the BS sends the PMC-RSP message to the MS, and the MS respondswith the PMC-REQ message acknowledging the receipt of the shift instruction. When the powercontrol mode shifts from closed-loop power control to open-loop power control, the MS canstart transmitting data on the uplink only if it has received both the PMC-RSP and UL noise andinterference level IE messages from the BS.

AMC

Uplink AMC

The basic principle of uplink AMC is that the BS instructs the MS to use a low-level MCS whenthe measured CINR is below the Cinr Low Threshold for the FEC. The BS instructs the MSto use a high-level MCS when the measured CINR is above Cinr Up Threshold for the FEC.

NOTE

You can run the MOD ULAMCTHRESH command to configure the values of Cinr Lower Thresholdand Cinr Upper Threshold for all the MSs under a carrier. For details, see Step 2.

Generally, uplink inner-loop power control is used together with AMC. In this way, powercontrol is implemented to adjust the actual CINR, and MCS is adjusted so that the uplink CINRof the MS stays in the required range. Uplink inner-loop power control and uplink AMC areimplemented at the same time. When the uplink signal is poor, the MCS is lowered or the transmitpower of the MS is raised to ensure correct signal demodulation on the uplink. When the uplinksignal becomes good, the MCS is raised or the transmit power of the MS is lowered to ensurecorrect signal demodulation on the uplink.

Downlink AMC

Closed-loop power control is used together with the mode of the MS requesting the MCS. TheMS reports the downlink CINR, and the BS decides the downlink MCS. If the value of theparameter DownLink MS AMC Switch is set to ON, the system prefers and uses the downlinkMCS reported by the MS if possible. If the MS does not report the MCS, the BS determines thedownlink MCS. If the value of the parameter DownLink MS AMC Switch is set to OFF, theBS decides the downlink MCS.

NOTE

You can run the MOD RRMSWITCH command to configure the value of the parameter DownLink MSAMC Switch. For details, see .

You can run the MOD DLAMCTHRESH command to configure the values of Cinr Lower Thresholdand Cinr Upper Threshold for all the MSs under a carrier. For details, see Step 2.

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3.4 Implementation of the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the power control and AMC feature.

3.4.1 Activating the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to activate the power control and AMC feature. On the M2000 or web LMT,you can run associated MML commands to set specific parameters to activate the power controland AMC feature.

3.4.2 Deactivating the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the power control and AMC feature. On the M2000 or webLMT, you can run an associated MML command to deactivate the power control and AMCfeature.

3.4.1 Activating the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to activate the power control and AMC feature. On the M2000 or web LMT,you can run associated MML commands to set specific parameters to activate the power controland AMC feature.

Procedurel Activate uplink inner-loop power control

1. To activate uplink inner-loop power control, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command,with the value of the parameter UpLink Inner Loop Power Control Switch(ULINNERLOOPPOWERSWITCH) set to NEWPCALG.

l Activate uplink outer-loop power control.1. To activate uplink outer-loop power control, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command,

with the value of the parameter UpLink Outer Loop Power Control Switch(ULOUTERLOOPPOWERSWITCH) set to ON.

2. If necessary, run the MOD ULPERTHRESH command to change the target PERvalue and maximum adjustment step of each service. Generally, the default value isrecommended.For example, the target PER and maximum adjustment step of the BE service areBePer Target Value (BEPERTARGET) and BePer Maximum Adjust Step(BEMAXADJSTEP) respectively.

l Activate uplink open-loop power control.1. Run the MOD RRMSWITCH command to set the value of the parameter UpLink

Power Control Change MS Switch (ULPOWERCTRLMODEMSSWITCH) toON. After the value is set in this way, the BS starts open-loop power control if the MSsends an open-loop power control request and the BS responds with a messageindicating that the power control mode is successfully changed.By default, the BS starts closed-loop power control.

l Activate uplink AMC.1. To activate uplink AMC, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command, with the value of

the parameter UpLink AMC Switch (ULAMCSWITCH) set to ON.2. If necessary, run the MOD ULAMCTHRESH command to modify the initial values

of the parameters Cinr Target Value (CINRTARGET), Cinr Up Threshold(CINRUPTHRE), Cinr Low Threshold (CINRLOWTHRE), and Maximum

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Adjust Step(MAXADJUSTSTEP) for all the MSs under a carrier. Generally, thedefault value is recommended.

l Activate downlink AMC.1. To activate downlink AMC, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command, with the value

of the parameter DownLink AMC Switch (DLAMCSWITCH) set to ON.2. If necessary, run the MOD DLAMCTHRESH command to modify the initial values

of the parameters Cinr Target Value (CINRTARGET), Cinr Up Threshold(CINRUPTHRE), Cinr Low Threshold (CINRLOWTHRE), and MaximumAdjust Step(MAXADJUSTSTEP) for all the MSs under a carrier. Generally, thedefault value is recommended.

----End

3.4.2 Deactivating the Power Control and AMC FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the power control and AMC feature. On the M2000 or webLMT, you can run an associated MML command to deactivate the power control and AMCfeature.

Procedurel Deactivate uplink inner-loop power control.

1. To deactivate uplink inner-loop power control, run the MOD RRMSWITCHcommand, with the value of the parameter UpLink Inner Loop Power ControlSwitch (ULINNERLOOPPOWERSWITCH) set to OFF.

l Deactivate uplink AMC.1. To deactivate uplink AMC, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command, with the value

of the parameter UpLink AMC Switch (ULAMCSWITCH) set to OFF.l Deactivate uplink outer-loop power control.

1. To deactivate uplink outer-loop power control, run the MOD RRMSWITCHcommand, with the value of the parameter UpLink Outer Loop Power ControlSwitch (ULOUTERLOOPPOWERSWITCH) set to OFF.

l Deactivate uplink open-loop power control.1. Run the MOD RRMSWITCH command to set the value of the parameter UpLink

Power Control Change MS Switch (ULPOWERCTRLMODEMSSWITCH) toOFF. After the value is set in this way, the BS does not support the power controlmode change, which is initiated by the MS.

l Deactivate downlink AMC.1. To deactivate downlink AMC, run the MOD RRMSWITCH command, with the

value of the parameter DownLink AMC Switch (DLAMCSWITCH) set to OFF.

----End

3.5 Maintenance Information of the Power Control andAMC Feature

This describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the power controland AMC feature.

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Related ParametersTable 3-3, Table 3-4, and Table 3-5 list the parameters related to the power control and AMCfeature.

Table 3-3 Parameters of the MOD RRMSWITCH command

ID Name

ULINNERLOOPPOWERSWITCH Switch for the uplink inner-loop power control

ULOUTERLOOPPOWERSWITCH Switch for the uplink outer-loop power control

ULAMCSWITCH Switch for uplink AMC

DLAMCSWITCH Switch for downlink AMC

Table 3-4 Parameters of the MOD ULAMCTHRESH command

ID Name

CINRTARGET Target CINR value

CINRUPTHRE Upper threshold of the CINR

CINRLOWTHRE Lower threshold of the CINR

Table 3-5 Parameters of the MMOD ULPERTHRESH command

ID Name

BEPERTARGET Target BEPER value

NRTPSPERTARGET Target NRTPSPER value

RTPSPERTARGET Target RTPSPER value

ERTPSPERTARGET Target ERTPSPER value

UGSPERTARGET Target UGSPER value

Related Performance Measurement ItemsNone.

3.6 Reference Information of the Power Control and AMCFeature

This describes the reference information about the power control and AMC feature. The powercontrol and AMC feature complies with the R1 interface standard, namely IEEE 802.16 REV2.

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4 Idle Mode Feature

About This Chapter

This describes the basic concepts, functions, and implementation method of the idle modefeature.

4.1 Overview of the Idle Mode FeatureIdle mode is a mature technology developed for optimum allocation of network resources andreduced power consumption of an MS.

4.2 Availability of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the idle mode feature and the versions thatsupport the idle mode feature.

4.3 Description of the Idle Mode FeatureThe idle mode feature provides functions of idle mode entry, paging, location update, and idlemode exiting.

4.4 Implementation of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the idle mode feature.

4.5 Maintenance Information of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the idle modefeature.

4.6 Reference Information of the Idle Mode FeatureThe R1 interface protocol and R6 interface protocol that the idle mode feature complies withare IEEE 802.16 REV2 and WiMAX NWG 1.2 respectively.

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4.1 Overview of the Idle Mode FeatureIdle mode is a mature technology developed for optimum allocation of network resources andreduced power consumption of an MS.

DefinitionIdle mode allows an MS to move within a paging group (PG) composed by multiple BSs withoutregistration at a specific BS. After an MS enters idle mode, the MS periodically receives DLbroadcast messages. The BS deletes all the link information of the MS, and the ASN-GW retainsonly the connection information of the MS on the paging controller (PC).

PurposeWhen the SS/MS in idle mode roams to another cell, no handover process is triggered, thussaving air interface resources and reducing the power of the SS/MS.

The idle mode feature also saves resources that may be wasted during handover of an SS/MS toanother BS when the SS/MS roams across a border of a BS. If the SS/MS is in idle mode, theBS releases the resources reserved for the SS/MS, thus maximizing the use of the resources.

Network ModelFigure 4-1 shows the network model of the idle mode feature.

Figure 4-1 Network model of the idle mode feature

The BS incorporates a paging agent (PA), and the ASN-GW incorporates a paging controller(PC)/location registration (LR).

A PG is a logical group composed by multiple BSs. A BS can belong to multiple PGs.

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The PA interfaces with the SS/MS on the R1 interface and with the PC on the R6 interface.

Specifications

A BS supports three PGs.

Impacts

The idle mode feature saves air interface resources and network resources and improves thecapacity of a network.

The idle mode feature reduces the power of an SS/MS.

The idle mode feature prolongs the service activation time.

TermsTerm Definition

Paging A process in which an MS in idle mode is instructed to exit idle modeor to update the location information through a message broadcast overthe air interface.

Paging Group A logical group composed by multiple BSs. In the coverage of a PG, anSS/MS can be periodically paged by a BS for location update or networkre-entry without establishment of an air interface link to the BS. A PGis generally managed and deployed by the network management systemand is identified with a PG ID.

Paging Controller A function entity that implements the idle mode feature. The PC storesthe status and operation parameters of SSs/MSs in idle mode and controlsthe paging operations of SSs/MSs in idle mode. PCs can be categorizedinto two types: anchor PC and relay PC.

Paging Cycle A period in which a paging process is completed through broadcastingof paging messages. An SS/MS synchronizes its paging cycle with theBS to receive broadcast messages that instruct the SS/MS to exit idlemode or to perform location update.

Paging Offset Paging frame offset. It is used together with a paging cycle to determinethe number of frames of a paging message. An SS/MS synchronizes itspaging cycle with the BS to receive broadcast messages that instruct theSS/MS to exit idle mode or to perform location update.

Paging Agent A functional entity incorporated on the BS. It is used to implementfunctions of the idle mode feature, for example, periodic paging of SSs/MSs, instructing SSs/MSs to enter or exit idle mode or to performlocation update.

LocationRegistration

A functional entity that stores the status and operation data of SSs/MSsin idle mode.

Location Update A process initiated when an SS/MS detects changes in the paging groupor the SS/MS is powered off.

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Term Definition

Anchor PC A PC uniquely associated with an SS/MS in idle mode. An anchor PCretains the information of an SS/MS, controls idle mode entry or exitingof the SS/MS, and updates the location information of the SS/MS.

Relay PC A PC associated with an SS/MS together with other PCs. A relay PCforwards control messages between an anchor PC and a PA.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym Description

SS/MS Subscriber Station/Mobile Station

BS Base Station

PA Paging Agent

PG Paging Group

PC Paging Controller

LR Location Registration

LU Location Update

4.2 Availability of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the idle mode feature and the versions thatsupport the idle mode feature.

Network Element

The idle mode feature requires the joint work of the SS/MS, BS, and ASN-GW. Table 4-1 liststhe network elements involved in the idle mode feature.

Table 4-1 Network elements involved in the idle mode feature

SS/MS BSASN-GW

AAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ √ √ √ -

NOTE

In Table 4-1, √ indicates network elements that are involved in the idle mode feature, and - indicatesnetwork elements that are not involved.

Version

Table 4-2 lists the versions that support the idle mode feature.

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Table 4-2 Versions that support the idle mode feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

LicenseA license is not required for the idle mode feature.

4.3 Description of the Idle Mode FeatureThe idle mode feature provides functions of idle mode entry, paging, location update, and idlemode exiting.

4.3.1 Entering Idle ModeThis describes the idle mode entry process of an SS/MS.

4.3.2 PagingThis describes the paging process initiated by the ASN-GW.

4.3.3 Location UpdateThis describes the location update process of an SS/MS.

4.3.4 Exiting Idle ModeThis describes the idle mode exiting process of an SS/MS.

4.3.1 Entering Idle ModeThis describes the idle mode entry process of an SS/MS.

After the SS/MS enters idle mode, the BS notifies the paging controller of the SS/MS idle modeand sends the connection information such as SBC-related context, security-related context, andtraffic stream information to the paging controller for storage. At the same time, the BS initiatesa management resource holding timer. Before the timer expires, the BS saves the connectioninformation for the SS/MS. After the timer expires, the BS deletes the saved connectioninformation and releases R6 interface resources.

The SS/MS enters idle mode in the following situations:l The SS/MS sends a message to the BS to request for idle mode entry.

l The BS puts the SS/MS into idle mode if the UL or DL data related to the SS/MS does notexist.

Idle Mode Entry Initiated by the SS/MSFigure 4-2 shows the idle mode entry process initiated by the SS/MS.

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Figure 4-2 Idle mode entry initiated by the SS/MS

1. The SS/MS sends a DREG-REQ message to the BS to request for idle mode entry.l If the UL or DL data related to the SS/MS exists, the BS performs 2 .l If the UL or DL data related to the SS/MS does not exist, the BS performs 4.

2. The BS sends a DREG-CMD message to the SS/MS to notify the SS/MS of later requestfor idle mode entry after the REQ-duration expires.

3. After the REQ-duration expires, the SS/MS sends a DREG-REQ message to the BS torequest for idle mode entry.

4. The BS sends an IM_Entry_State_Change_Req message to the ASN-GW.5. The ASN-GW returns an IM_Entry_State_Change_Rsp message to the BS.6. The BS sends a DREG-CMD message to the SS/MS.7. The BS sends an IM_Entry_State_Change_Ack message to the ASN-GW to indicate the

SS/MS idle mode entry.8. The SS/MS exits the network, and the resources are released.

Idle Mode Entry Initiated by the BSFigure 4-3 shows the idle mode entry process initiated by the BS.

Figure 4-3 Idle mode entry initiated by the BS

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1. When the BS detects that the SS/MS needs to enter idle mode, the BS sends anIM_Entry_State_Change_Req message to the ASN-GW.

2. The ASN-GW sends an IM_Entry_State_Change_Rsp message to the BS.3. The BS sends a DREG-CMD message to the SS/MS.4. The SS/MS sends a DREG-REQ message and enters idle mode.5. The BS sends an IM_Entry_State_Change_Ack message to the ASN-GW to indicate the

SS/MS idle mode entry.6. The SS/MS exits the network, and the resources are released.

4.3.2 PagingThis describes the paging process initiated by the ASN-GW.

Paging is a process in which a broadcast message is sent to notify an SS/MS in idle mode oflocation update or network re-entry when the location information of the SS/MS needs to beupdated or data related to the SS/MS is present on the ASN-GW.

Paging ProcessFigure 4-4 shows the paging process.

Figure 4-4 Paging process

1. The ASN-GW sends a Paging_Announce message to all BSs in the PG where the SS/MSresides.l If Paging Cause contained in the Paging_Announce message is 0x01, SS/MS location

update is required.l If Paging Cause contained in the Paging_Announce message is 0x02, SS/MS network

re-entry from idle mode is required.2. The paged BS sends an MOB_PAG-ADV message to the SS/MS.3. Based on Action Code contained in the MOB_PAG-ADV message, the SS/MS determines

whether to perform location update or to re-enter the network from idle mode.l If Action Code is 0b01, the SS/MS performs location update.

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l If Action Code is 0b10, the SS/MS re-enters the network from idle mode.

4.3.3 Location UpdateThis describes the location update process of an SS/MS.

Location update is a process in which an SS/MS in idle mode reports its location information tothe network.

Location update can be initiated by the SS/MS or the ASN-GW.l When the PG changes, the timer expires, or the SS/MS is powered off, the SS/MS in idle

mode initiates location update.l The ASN-GW can also initiate SS/MS location update through paging.

Location update can be classified into secure location update and insecure location update.l If a valid secure context exists between the SS/MS and the BS, that is, the BS receives a

valid authentication key, secure location update is initiated. After the secure location updateis complete, the SS/MS remains in idle mode.

l If a valid secure context does not exist between the SS/MS and the BS, that is, the BS doesnot receive a valid authentication key, insecure location update is initiated. Insecurelocation update is actually a location update failure. After the insecure location update iscomplete, the SS/MS re-enters the network from idle mode.

Secure Location Update ProcessFigure 4-5 shows the secure location update process.

NOTE

If the location update is initiated by the ASN-GW, the process starts from 1.

If the location update is initiated by the SS/MS, the process starts from 5.

Figure 4-5 Secure location update process

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1. The ASN-GW sends a Paging_Announce message to all BSs in the PG where the SS/MSresides.

2. The paged BS sends an MOB_PAG-ADV message to the SS/MS.3. The SS/MS sends ranging codes at an assigned ranging region to the BS.4. The BS sends an RNG-RSP message to the SS/MS.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is continue, the process returnsto 3.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is success, the process goes to5.

5. The SS/MS sends an RNG-REQ message to the BS for location update.6. The BS sends an LU-Req message to the ASN-GW to request for the SS/MS location

update.7. The ASN-GW sends an LU-Rsp message to the BS to acknowledge the SS/MS location

update.8. The BS sends an RNG_RSP message to the SS/MS to indicate successful location update

after the BS verifies the RNG_REQ message.9. The BS sends an LU-Cnf message to the ASN-GW to indicate successful location update.

Insecure Location Update ProcessFigure 4-6 shows the insecure location update process.

NOTE

If the location update is initiated by the ASN-GW, the process starts from 1.

If the location update is initiated by the SS/MS, the process starts from 5.

Figure 4-6 Insecure location update process

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1. The ASN-GW sends a Paging_Announce message to all BSs in the PG where the SS/MSresides.

2. The paged BS sends an MOB_PAG-ADV message to the SS/MS.

3. The SS/MS sends ranging codes at an assigned ranging region to the BS.

4. The BS sends an RNG-RSP message to the SS/MS.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is continue, the process returnsto 3.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is success, the process goes to5.

5. The SS/MS sends an RNG-REQ message to the BS for location update.

6. The BS sends an LU-Req message to the ASN-GW to request for the SS/MS locationupdate.

7. The ASN-GW sends an LU_Rsp message to the BS.

8. The BS sends an RNG_RSP message to the SS/MS to indicate a location update failure ifany of the following conditions is met:

l The ASN-GW sends the LU-Rsp message to reject the SS/MS location update.

l The LU_Rsp message does not contain the SS/MS-related context.

l The BS fails to verify the RNG_REQ message.

9. The BS sends an LU-Cnf message to the ASN-GW to indicate location update failure.

10. The SS/MS re-enters the network from idle mode.

4.3.4 Exiting Idle ModeThis describes the idle mode exiting process of an SS/MS.

When the SS/MS enters idle mode, the BS starts a management resource holding timer for theSS/MS. Depending on whether the timer expires, the SS/MS has different processes of networkre-entry from idle mode.

An SS/MS in idle mode re-enters the network in the following situations:

l The UL data is present on the SS/MS side, or the user of the SS/MS wants to re-enter thenetwork.

l The DL data related to the SS/MS is present on the ASN-GW side, and the paging controllerpages the BS in the PG and instructs the BS to broadcast a paging message for SS/MSnetwork re-entry from idle mode.

Idle Mode Exiting After the Timer Expires

Figure 4-7 shows the idle mode exiting process after the management resource holding timerexpires.

NOTE

If the SS/MS idle mode exiting is initiated by the ASN-GW, the idle mode exiting process starts from 1.

If the SS/MS idle mode exiting is initiated by the SS/MS, the idle mode exiting process starts from 5.

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Figure 4-7 Idle mode exiting after the timer expires

1. The ASN-GW sends a Paging_Announce message to all BSs in the PG where the SS/MSresides.

2. The paged BS sends an MOB_PAG-ADV message to the SS/MS to instruct the SS/MS tore-enter the network from idle mode.

3. The SS/MS sends ranging codes at an assigned ranging region to the BS.

4. The BS sends an RNG-RSP message to the SS/MS.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is continue, the process returnsto 3.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is success, the process goes to5.

5. The SS/MS sends an RNG-REQ message to the BS for network re-entry from idle mode.

6. The BS sends an IM_Exit_State_Change_Req message to the ASN-GW after the BS detectsthat the management resource holding timer expires.

7. The ASN-GW sends an IM_Exit_State_Change_Rsp message to the BS.

8. The BS sends an RNG-RSP message to the SS/MS after the BS verifies the validity of theSS/MS.

9. The BS sends a Path_Reg_Req message to the ASN-GW for establishment of data links.

10. The ASN-GW sends a Path_Reg_Rsp message to the BS.

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11. The SS/MS initiates network re-entry from idle mode.12. During SS/MS network re-entry from idle mode, the BS sends a

CMAC_Key_Count_Update message to the ASN-GW for update of the CMAC Key Count.13. The ASN-GW returns a CMAC_Key_Count_Update_Ack message to the BS.14. After network re-entry is complete, the BS sends a Path_Reg_Ack message to the ASN-

GW to acknowledge the establishment of data links.

Idle Mode Exiting Before the Timer ExpiresFigure 4-8 shows the idle mode exiting process before the management resource holding timerexpires.

NOTE

If the SS/MS idle mode exiting is initiated by the ASN-GW, the idle mode exiting procedure starts from 1.

If the SS/MS idle mode exiting is initiated by the SS/MS, the idle mode exiting procedure starts from 5.

Figure 4-8 Idle mode exiting before the timer expires

1. The ASN-GW sends a Paging_Announce message to all BSs in the PG where the SS/MSresides.

2. After the BS receives the Paging Announce message, the BS sends an MOB_PAG-ADVmessage to the SS/MS to instruct the SS/MS to re-enter the network from idle mode.

3. The SS/MS sends ranging codes at an assigned ranging region to the BS.4. The BS sends an RNG-RSP message to the SS/MS.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is continue, the process returnsto 3.

l If Raging Status contained in the RNG-RSP message is success, the process goes to5.

5. The SS/MS sends an RNG-REQ message to the BS for network re-entry from idle mode.6. The BS sends a RNG_RSP message to the SS/MS after the BS detects that the management

resource holding timer does not expire.

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7. The BS sends an IM_Exit_State_Change_Req message to the ASN-GW.

8. The ASN-GW sends an IM_Exit_State_Change_Rsp message to the BS.

4.4 Implementation of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the idle mode feature.

4.4.1 Activating the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to activate the idle mode feature. You can activate the idle mode feature ona web LMT or the M2000.

4.4.2 Deactivating the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the idle mode feature. You can deactivate the idle mode featureon a web LMT or the M2000.

4.4.1 Activating the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to activate the idle mode feature. You can activate the idle mode feature ona web LMT or the M2000.

Procedure

Step 1 Run the DSP CARRIERSTATUS command to query the status of carriers.

l If carriers are unblocked, run the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command to block thecarriers.

l If carriers are blocked, go to Step 2.

Step 2 Run the MOD MACCAPABILITY command to configure MOBFEATURESUPP.Example:MOD MACCAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, MOBFEATURESUPP=7;

NOTE

The value range of MOBFEATURESUPP is 0 to 7.

The BS supports the idle mode feature when MOBFEATURESUPP is set to 4, 5, 6, or 7.

Step 3 Run the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command to unblock carriers.

Step 4 Run the ADD PAGINGINF command to add a PG for the BS.

Parameters to be configured in this command are SectorID, CarrierID, PagingGroupID,PagingControllerID, PagingCycle, PagingOffset, PagingIntervallen,PagingAnnounceTimer, and IdleModeRetainInf. The configuration of PagingGroupID,PagingCycle, and PagingOffset must be consistent with the configuration of correspondingparameters of the PG on the ASN-GW.

----End

4.4.2 Deactivating the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the idle mode feature. You can deactivate the idle mode featureon a web LMT or the M2000.

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Procedure

Step 1 Run the DSP CARRIERSTATUS command to query the status of carriers.l If carriers are unblocked, run the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command to block the

carriers.l If carriers are blocked, go to Step 2.

Step 2 Run the MOD MACCAPABILITY to configure MOBFEATURESUPP.Example:MOD MACCAPABILITY: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, MOBFEATURESUPP=0;

NOTE

The value range of MOBFEATURESUPP is 0 to 7.

When the MOBFEATURESUPP parameter is set to 0, 1, 2, and 3, you can infer that the BS does supportthe idle mode feature.

Step 3 Run the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command to unblock carriers.

----End

4.5 Maintenance Information of the Idle Mode FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the idle modefeature.

Related Parameters

Table 4-3 and Table 4-4 list the parameters related to the idle mode feature.

Table 4-3 Parameters of the MOD MACCAPABILITY command

Parameter Description

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

MOBMODESUPP Support for mobility

Table 4-4 Parameters of the ADD PAGINGINF command

Parameter Description

CarrierID Carrier ID

SectorID Sector ID

PagingGroupID PG ID

PagingControllerID PC ID

PagingCycle Paging cycle

PagingOffset Paging offset

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Parameter Description

PagingIntervallen Paging interval

PagingAnnounceTimer Paging announcement timer

IdleModeRetainInf Resource reservation flag

Related Performance Measurement ItemsTable 4-5 lists the performance measurement items related to the idle mode feature.

Table 4-5 Performance measurement items related to the idle mode feature

Item Description

Idle entry success timestriggered by MS

See Successful Idle Entries Triggered by the MS.

Idle entry success timestriggered by BS

See Successful Idle Entries Triggered by the BS.

Idle entry rejected times byMS times

See Idle Entry Rejected Times by MS Times.

Times of the BS sendingpaging messages

See Paging Messages Sent by the BS.

Location update times dueto normal

See Location Updates (Normal).

Location update times dueto power off

See Location Update Times Due to Power Off.

Location update successtimes

See Location Update Success Times.

Re-entry network timesfrom idle

See Re-Entry Network Times From Idle.

Re-entry network successtimes from idle

See Re-Entry Network Success Times From Idle.

4.6 Reference Information of the Idle Mode FeatureThe R1 interface protocol and R6 interface protocol that the idle mode feature complies withare IEEE 802.16 REV2 and WiMAX NWG 1.2 respectively.

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5 QoS Feature

About This Chapter

The WiMAX BS can provide users with five different Quality of Service (QoS) levels. Usersneed to choose the desired QoS level when subscribing to services.

5.1 Overview of the QoS FeatureThis describes the purpose, specifications, impact, and terms of the Quality of Service (QoS)feature.

5.2 Availability of the QoS FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the QoS feature and the versions that supportthe QoS feature.

5.3 Description of the QoS FeatureThe Huawei DBS3900 WiMAX BS provides an end-to-end QoS solution, including the QoSmechanism of the R1 and R6 interfaces.

5.4 Implementation of the QoS FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the QoS feature.

5.5 Maintenance Information of the QoS FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the QoS feature.

5.6 Reference Information of the QoS FeatureThe R1 interface protocol and R6 interface protocol that the QoS feature complies with are IEEE802.16 REV2 and WiMAX NWG 1.2 respectively.

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5.1 Overview of the QoS FeatureThis describes the purpose, specifications, impact, and terms of the Quality of Service (QoS)feature.

QoS is an end-to-end processing mechanism used to guarantee the quality of communicationservices. On a WiMAX network, QoS ensures that users obtain expected service levels in termsof the packet loss rate, delay, jitter, and bandwidth. The QoS feature supported by the HuaweiWiMAX solution is deployed over the R1 and R6 interfaces.

PurposeQoS is used to guarantee the end-to-end service quality. When the network is congested, QoSguarantees reliable data transmission of important services and ensures efficient use of networkresources.

QoS offers operators with effective control over the use of network resources. With QoS, thenetwork supports existing and emerging multimedia services and applications. At the same time,the network can distinguish between services and provide corresponding quality guarantee. Inthis way, multiple services such as voice, video, and data can be converged on the same network.

With QoS, operators can divide users into detailed groups and provide user-specificdifferentiated and value-added services.

SpecificationsThe IEEE 802.16e standard defines five service flow QoS sheduling types, that is, the UGS,ertPS rtPS, nrtPS, and BE.

ImpactNone.

TermTerm Definition

Throughput Throughput refers to the rated throughput on a specified medium,protocol, or connection. Throughput can be interpreted as the maximumtransmission rate when no packet is lost.

Latency Latency refers to the time it takes for the original data to go through aseries of processing steps such as coding, to be transmitted through thechannel, to arrive at the receiver, and to be decoded.

Jitter Generally, signals are not simply transmitted on communicationchannels from the transmitter to the receiver in a point-to-point manner.Instead, signals may be amplified or forwarded by repeaters. There is aprocess of storing, processing, and forwarding. In addition, the networkconditions affect the transmission of signals. Therefore, the delay in thesame service flow varies. The variation of packet delay is known aspacket jitter.

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Term Definition

Packet loss rate Because of the limited buffer size of network switching equipment andthe interfering signals on the transmission links, packets may get lost onthe transmission links. The packet loss rate is the ratio of the number oflost packets to the number of transmitted packets. The packet loss rateis an important yardstick for measuring the quality of communicationlinks.

Service flow A service flow is a uni-directional transmission service that is providedby the MAC layer and used to transmit packets. A service flow may bea downlink or uplink service flow and provides specific QoS functions.Each service flow can be described with a set of QoS parameters, suchas delay, jitter, and throughput.

IP PATH An IP path is an end-to-end manageable transmission path between theBS and the gateway. The IP path is only a concept and management entityon the control plane, and it is invisible to service flows on the user plane.

Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviationsand Acronyms Expansion

QoS Quality of Service

MS Mobile Station

SS Subscriber Station

MAC Medium Access Control

BS Base Station

UGS Unsolicited grant service

rtPS Real-time polling service

ertPS Extended rtPS

nrtPS Non-real-time polling service

BE Best effort

TOS Type of Service

DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point

5.2 Availability of the QoS FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the QoS feature and the versions that supportthe QoS feature.

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Network Element InvolvedThe QoS feature requires the joint work of the SS/MS, BS, and ASN GW. If authentication isrequired, the AAA server must be configured. Table 5-1 lists the network elements (NEs)involved in the QoS feature.

Table 5-1 NEs involved in the QoS feature

SS/MS BSASN-GW

AAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ √ √ - -

NOTE

√: involved. -: not involved.

Supporting VersionsTable 5-2 lists the versions that support the QoS feature.

Table 5-2 Versions that support the QoS feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License RestrictionThis feature is not subject to license restrictions.

5.3 Description of the QoS FeatureThe Huawei DBS3900 WiMAX BS provides an end-to-end QoS solution, including the QoSmechanism of the R1 and R6 interfaces.

The IEEE802.16e defines the QoS mechanism of the R1 interface in the WiMAX system. TheQoS mechanism specifies the association between data packets on the MAC layer and aconnection-oriented service flow. Each service flow is granted QoS parameters such as theservice type, delay, jitter, and data rate. Efficient management and scheduling of service flowsguarantees the satisfaction of QoS requirements.

The QoS mechanism of the R6 interface focuses on transmission resources. It involves thefollowing technologies: mapping between the QoS parameters and the R6 interface transmissionpriority, IP Differentiated Service, and IP flow shaping.

5.3.1 QoS Network ModelThis describes the QoS network model in the Huawei WiMAX network.

5.3.2 QoS Mechanism and ParametersThis describes the QoS mechanism and parameters.

5.3.3 QoS Transmission ControlThis describes the QoS transmission control mechanism.

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5.3.1 QoS Network ModelThis describes the QoS network model in the Huawei WiMAX network.

Figure 5-1 shows the subsystems and NE interfaces involved in the QoS feature.

Figure 5-1 External interfaces of the WiMAX DBS3900

Upon subscription, the QoS profile is configured for subscribers through the Web ManagementAccess System (WMAS) of the AAA or the LMT of the ASN-GW. When a subscriber accessesthe network, the QoS profile is delivered to the WiMAX DBS3900 along with the pre-provisioned service flow established. The DBS3900 is responsible for service flow managementand QoS scheduling.

See 5.3.3 QoS Transmission Control for the differentiated service, admission control, and loadcontrol functions in Figure 5-1.

5.3.2 QoS Mechanism and ParametersThis describes the QoS mechanism and parameters.

QoS Application Objectsl Service flow QoS scheduling

The IEEE802.16e defines five types of service flows: UGS, rtPS, ertPS, nrtPS, and BE.Each type of service flows is associated with different QoS parameters. The schedulingpolicy depends on the type of service flow and its associated QoS parameters. Eachscheduling type supports different typical services, as listed in Table 5-3.

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Table 5-3 QoS scheduling types and corresponding typical services

QoS SchedulingService Type Typical Service

UGS l E1/T1 services with fixed bit rates

l VoIP without silence suppression

rtPS MPEG video service flow

ertPS VoIP with silence suppression

nrtPS High-bandwidth FTP service flow

BE Web browsing service of the Internet

l User-oriented QoSDifferent user priorities are defined to provide users with differentiated services. There arefour user priorities: golden, silver, copper, and common.

QoS ParametersIn the WiMAX system, QoS parameters are defined to describe scheduling rules for serviceflows over the air interface. Each type of scheduling service is configured with a set of QoSparameters: delay, tolerant jitter, and bandwidth. Each type of scheduling service matches witha QoS parameter set.

UGS

The UGS is designed to support real-time uplink service flows that transmit fixed-size packetson a periodic basis.

The BS assigns fixed bandwidth to the preceding service flows on a real-time and periodic basis.In this way, the overheads consumed by requests from the SSs are reduced, and the real-timerequirements of the service flows are met. Therefore, in a UGS service flow, data is sent throughthe bandwidth granted periodically by the BS, and the SS does not request bandwidth from theBS.

The QoS parameters of the UGS are as follows:

l Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate (Maximum sustained rate, ADD QOSTEMP)This parameter indicates the average peak rate of data service flows. On the uplink, the SSensures that the average rate of the service flows does not exceed the value of this parameter.On the downlink, the BS limits the rate at the entry of the network. The value range of thisparameter is subject to restrictions due to the transmission capabilities of the air interfaceand R6 interface. In addition, the value range of this parameter is related to the uplink anddownlink transmission capabilities of the SS. If the value of this parameter is too large ortoo small, calculation is performed during the actual process of establishing the serviceflow according to the resource management algorithm, and the calculation result determineswhether the service flow can be successfully established. Based on the current capabilitiesof the SS and actual service requirements, the recommended value of this parameter isbetween 256 kbit/s and 8 Mbit/s. Operators can provide services of different rates, forexample, 512 kbit/s, 1 Mbit/s, and 2 Mbit/s.

l Request/Transmission Policy (Transmission policy, ADD QOSTEMP)This parameter is used to configure the attributes of service flows. In the latest IEEE 802.16eR2D7, this parameter can indicate the following policies:

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– Whether to support broadcast bandwidth requests (whether requests for uplinkbandwidth use the opportunities broadcasted by the BS)

– Whether to support multicast bandwidth requests (whether requests for uplinkbandwidth use the opportunities granted by the BS in multicast mode)

– Whether to support piggyback bandwidth requests (whether to use a tag in the protocoldata header of the uplink services to request bandwidth for the SS; if piggybackbandwidth requests are supported, the uplink resource efficiency is improved)

– Whether to support segmentation (whether to divide service data units (SDUs) thatexceeds the available resource length into multiple schedulable SDUs duringscheduling; if segmentation is supported, overlong SDUs can be scheduled quickly)

– Whether to support PHS (whether to support load header compression; if load headercompression is supported, bandwidth is saved because only one load header istransmitted when the same loads and SDUs are transmitted)

– Whether to support packing (whether to merge multiple small SDUs into a large protocoldata unit; if packing is supported, the transmission of protocol data headers is reduced,and bandwidth is saved)

– Whether to support CRC (whether to perform CRC during the transmission of data; ifCRC is supported, the check results are appended to the protocol data units)

– Whether to support ROHC (ROHC is a highly effective method of compressing RTP/UDP/IP headers)

In the current versions of Huawei WiMAX BS and ASN-GW, this parameter can indicatethe following policies:– Whether to support broadcast bandwidth requests

– Whether to support piggyback bandwidth requests

– Whether to support segmentation

– Whether to support PHS

– Whether to support packing

– Whether to support six types of CRC

l Maximum Latency (Maximum latency, ADD QOSTEMP)This parameter indicates the maximum interval between the reception of a packet at the BSor SS and the transmission of the packet through the RF port. If the value of this parameteris too large, the scheduling priority is lowered, and the transmission rate is reduced.

l Tolerated Jitter (Maximum tolerant variation time, ADD QOSTEMP)This parameter indicates the maximum change in the latency. Generally, signals are notsimply transmitted on communication channels from the transmitter to the receiver in apoint-to-point manner. Instead, signals may be amplified or forwarded by repeaters. Thereis a process of storing, processing, and forwarding. In addition, the network conditionsaffect the transmission of signals. Therefore, the delay in the same service flow varies. Thevariation of latency is measured with jitter. The largest variation that can be tolerated is thevalue of Tolerated Jitter. The value of this parameter should be set according to the actualsituations. If the value is too large, the rate is not stable, thereby affecting the service quality.

l SDUFLG (SDU flag, ADD QOSTEMP)The value of this parameter may be fixed or variable. If the parameter is set to fixed, thesize of the SDU needs to be set. Generally, IP traffic is carried, and the sizes of IP packetsare variable. Therefore, the parameter is set to variable.

l SDUSZ (SDU size, ADD QOSTEMP)

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When the value of SDU flag is set to fixed, this parameter must be set. The size of the SDUcannot exceed 254 bytes.

rtPS

The real-time polling service (rtPS) is designed to support real-time uplink service flows thattransmit variable-size packets on a periodic basis, such as MPEG video.

In the rtPS, the BS offers real-time, periodic, and unicast request opportunities, which enablethe service flow to inform the BS of its variable requirements for bandwidth on a periodic basisso that the BS can grant variable burst bandwidth on a periodic basis for the service flow totransmit variable-size packets. The rtPS requires more request overheads than the UGS butsupports variable grant sizes for optimum data transport efficiency.

The QoS parameters of the rtPS are as follows:

l Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate (Minimum guaranteed rate, ADD QOSTEMP)This parameter indicates the minimum data rate reserved by the service flow. The BS offersthe bandwidth required by the minimum data rate reserved by the service flow. If thebandwidth required by the service flow is less than the reserved bandwidth, the BS can usethe remaining part of the reserved bandwidth for other purposes.

l Request/Transmission Policy (Transmission policy, ADD QOSTEMP)

l Maximum Latency (Maximum latency, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUFLG (SDU flag, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUSZ (SDU size, ADD QOSTEMP)

l MAXLEN (Maximum burst length, ADD QOSTEMP)Burst transmission is a type of intermittent data transmission mode. In burst transmission,data generated at a low rate is buffered by the transmitter. When the buffered data is enoughto form a data group, the data is transmitted at a rate tens of times the rate at which the datais generated. The receiver buffers the received data and forwards the data to users at normalrates. The maximum burst length is determined according to the buffering capabilities andmaximum continuous service rate. Within a proper range, an increase in the buffers raisesthe transmission rate.

ertPS

The extended real-time polling service (ertPS) is designed to support real-time service flowsthat generate variable-size packets on a periodic basis, such as VoIP with silence suppression.

The ertPS is a scheduling mechanism that is built on the benefits of both the UGS and the rtPS.The BS offers unicast grants in an unsolicited manner like in UGS, thus reducing the delay ofrequests for bandwidth. Whereas UGS allocations are fixed in size, ertPS allocations aredynamic. The BS can provide periodic uplink bandwidth allocations that can be used forrequesting bandwidth and data transmission. By default, the sizes of allocations correspond tothe current value of Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate of the service flow. The SS may requesta change in the size of the uplink allocation by using the Extended Piggyback Request fieldof the grant management subheaders or the BR field of the MAC signaling headers or by sendinga codeword over the channel quality indicator channel (CQICH). The BS does not change thesize of uplink allocations until it receives another request for bandwidth change from the SS.

The QoS parameters of the ertPS are as follows:

l Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate (Maximum sustained rate, ADD QOSTEMP)

l Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate (Minimum guaranteed rate, ADD QOSTEMP)

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This parameter indicates the minimum data rate reserved by the service flow. The BS offersthe bandwidth required by the minimum data rate reserved by the service flow. In the ertPS,the reserved traffic rate is generally configured to be identical to the maximum sustainedtraffic rate. On the downlink, bandwidth is allocated according to the data amount butcannot exceed the maximum sustained traffic rate. On the uplink, the maximum sustainedtraffic rate is always allocated. If the remaining bandwidth of the BS is below the maximumsustained traffic rate when a service flow is established, the service flow cannot besuccessfully established.

l Request/Transmission Policy (Transmission policy, ADD QOSTEMP)

l Maximum Latency (Maximum latency, ADD QOSTEMP)

l Tolerated Jitter (Maximum tolerant variation time, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUFLG (SDU flag, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUSZ (SDU size, ADD QOSTEMP)

l MAXLEN (Maximum burst length, ADD QOSTEMP)

nrtPS

The non-real-time polling service (nrtPS) is designed to support non-real-time uplink serviceflows that transmit variable-size packets on a non-periodic basis, such as high-bandwidth FTPservice flows.

The BS offers unicast polls on a regular but not necessarily periodic basis, which ensures thatthe service flow receives request opportunities even during network congestion. The serviceflow can also send requests for bandwidth in a manner of competition.

The QoS parameters of the nrtPS are as follows:

l Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate (Minimum guaranteed rate, ADD QOSTEMP)If the bandwidth required by the service flow is less than the reserved bandwidth, the BScan use the remaining part of the reserved bandwidth for other purposes.

l Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate (Maximum sustained rate, ADD QOSTEMP)

l Request/Transmission Policy (Transmission policy, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUFLG (SDU flag, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUSZ (SDU size, ADD QOSTEMP)

l MAXLEN (Maximum burst length, ADD QOSTEMP)

BE

The best-effort (BE) service is designed to offer best-effort transmission and has the lowestpriority.

A BE service flow can use transmission opportunities offered by unicast polls or send bandwidthrequests in a manner of competition. The chance of the BE service flow using opportunitiesoffered by unicast polls depends on the load on the network. If the load on the network is light,the BE service flow may probably have transmission opportunities. If the load on the networkis heavy, the chance of transmission opportunities is slim or even none. Therefore, whentransmitting BE service flows, the SS cannot relay on transmission opportunities offered byunicast polls. The network provides no QoS guarantee for BE service flows.

The QoS parameters of the BE service are as follows:

l Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate (Maximum sustained rate, ADD QOSTEMP)

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l Request/Transmission Policy (Transmission policy, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUFLG (SDU flag, ADD QOSTEMP)

l SDUSZ (SDU size, ADD QOSTEMP)

In addition, the BE service has another parameter that indicates the transmission attribute of theservice flow, that is, Traffic Priority (Flow priority, ADD FLOW).

This parameter defines the priority of the transmission. The bigger the parameter is, the higherthe priority is. For example, two service flows having the same QoS parameters except thepriority, so the service flow with a higher priority has lower latency and higher bufferingpreference. If some other QoS parameters of the two service flows have different values, thepriority determined by these parameters is preferably considered.

For the detailed attributes and value ranges of the previous parameters, see#wimax-9-73_table1.

5.3.3 QoS Transmission ControlThis describes the QoS transmission control mechanism.

The QoS transmission control mechanism defines the mapping relation between the transmissionbearer priorities and the WiMAX R6 interface transmission resource configuration and traffic.It addresses many problems, for example, how to guarantee the service QoS, bandwidth utilityrate, and user fairness in the scenarios such as fixed transmission bandwidth, dynamicallychanging bandwidth, branching transmission, and load balance. The QoS transmission controlinvolves the transmission differentiated service, transmission admission control, andtransmission overload control.

Differentiated Transmission Service

In the differentiated transmission service, different priorties are assigned to the user data,including five types of scheduling service data, signaling data, and maintenance data. Thisenables different transmission priorities. Under the circumstance of network congestion, thetraffic with higher priority will take precedence in transmission.

Differentiated transmission services use two types of rules. One is based on the priority indicatorin TOS field of the IP header; the other is the DSCP value in TOS. Currently, only the latter ruleis supported.

Transmission Admission Control

Transmission admission control: Uplink and downlink admission control is implementedaccording to the admission thresholds of different types and levels of services. High-priorityservices (such as the UGS) of high-priority users (such as handover users) are admitted on apreferential basis. The number of admitted users is limited with the aim of guaranteeing thequality of ongoing services.

Transmission Overload Control

In the case of system overload, the transmission overload control mechanism enables the systemto remove low-priority service connections according to the transmission overload treshold andclearance threshold. When the system load becomes normal, the system congestion isautomatically and quickly cleared.

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5.4 Implementation of the QoS FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the QoS feature.

5.4.1 Activation of the QoS FeatureWhen authentication is required, you need to perform operations on the graphic user interface(GUI) of the Web Management Access System of the AAA to activate the QoS feature for theR1 interface. For the detailed procedure, refer to the documentation shipped with the AAA.When authentication is not required, you need to run MML commands on the ASN-GW toactivate the QoS feature for the R1 interface. You need to run MML commands on the M2000or the LMT of the WiMAX BS to activate the QoS feature for the R6 interface.

5.4.2 Deactivation of the QoS FeatureThe QoS is a mandatory feature, so never deactivate the QoS feature.

5.4.1 Activation of the QoS FeatureWhen authentication is required, you need to perform operations on the graphic user interface(GUI) of the Web Management Access System of the AAA to activate the QoS feature for theR1 interface. For the detailed procedure, refer to the documentation shipped with the AAA.When authentication is not required, you need to run MML commands on the ASN-GW toactivate the QoS feature for the R1 interface. You need to run MML commands on the M2000or the LMT of the WiMAX BS to activate the QoS feature for the R6 interface.

Procedurel Run MML commands on the ASN-GW or the AAA to activate the QoS feature for the R1

interface. The procedure for running MML commands on the ASN-GW to activate the QoSfeature for the R1 interface is as follows:

Data collection

– QoS templates for traffic flows– Template index: 1

– Direction (upward or downward): UPWARD

– Media flow type: VOD

– Scheduling type: UGS

– Transmission policy:NOBCREQ-0&NOPIGGYBACK-0&NODEFRAG-0&NOSUPPRESS-0&NOPACK-0&NOCRC-0 (No transmission policy is employed.)

– SDU flag: Variable

– Maximum sustaining rate: 1171200 bit/s

– Minimum guaranteed rate: 1171200 bit/s

– Maximum jitter duration: 50 ms

– Maximum delay time: 5 ms

– Template index: 2

– Direction (upward or downward): DOWNWARD

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– Downlink paging flag: ENABLE (Paging is allowed.)– Media flow type: VOD– Scheduling type: UGS– Transmission policy:

NOBCREQ-0&NOPIGGYBACK-0&NODEFRAG-0&NOSUPPRESS-0&NOPACK-0&NOCRC-0 (No transmission policy is employed.)

– SDU flag: Variable– Maximum sustaining rate: 1171200 bit/s– Minimum guaranteed rate: 1171200 bit/s– Maximum jitter duration: 50 ms– Maximum delay time: 5 ms

– Classifier parameters– Classifier index: 1– Protocol type: TCP– Destination IP address mask: 255.255.255.0– Destination IP address: 10.1.1.1– Source IP address mask: 255.255.255.0– Source IP address: 10.2.2.2– IP service type/lower limit for DiffServ code point: 0– IP service type/upper limit for DiffServ code point: 240– IP service type/DiffServ code point mask: 255– Classifier index: 2– Protocol type: TCP– Destination IP address mask: 255.255.255.0– Destination IP address: 10.10.10.1– Source IP address mask: 255.255.255.0– Source IP address: 10.20.20.2– IP service type/lower limit for DiffServ code point: 0– IP service type/upper limit for DiffServ code point: 240– IP service type/DiffServ code point mask: 255

– Traffic flow templates– Flow sequence number: 1 and 2– Direction (upward or downward): UPWARD and DOWNWARD– Classifier priority: The priority of the classifier with the index 1 is 1 and that of the

classifier with the index 2 is 2.– QoS template index: 1– QoS priority: 6 (The value ranges from 0 to 7. A larger value indicates a higher

priority.)

Example scriptADD QOSTEMP: INDEX=1, DIRECT=UPWARD, FLWTYPE=VOD, SDTYPE=UGS, TSPLCY=NOBCREQ-0&NOPIGGYBACK-0&NODEFRAG-0&NOSUPPRESS-0&NOPACK-0&NOCRC-0,

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SDUFLG=Variable, MAXRATE=1171200, MINRATE=1171200, MAXTRTM=50, MAXDLY=5;ADD QOSTEMP: INDEX=2, DIRECT=DOWNWARD, PGFLG=ENABLE, FLWTYPE=VOD, SDTYPE=UGS, TSPLCY=NOBCREQ-0&NOPIGGYBACK-0&NODEFRAG-0&NOSUPPRESS-0&NOPACK-0&NOCRC-0, SDUFLG=Variable, MAXRATE=1171200, MINRATE=1171200, MAXTRTM=50, MAXDLY=5;ADD CLASSIFIER: INDEX=1, PROTOTYPE=TCP, DSTIP="10.1.1.1", DSTIPMASK="255.255.255.0", SRCIP="10.2.2.2", SRCIPMASK="255.255.255.0", TOSLOW=0, TOSHIGH=240, TOSMASK=255;ADD CLASSIFIER: INDEX=2, PROTOTYPE=TCP, DSTIP="10.10.10.1", DSTIPMASK="255.255.255.0", SRCIP="10.20.20.2", SRCIPMASK="255.255.255.0", TOSLOW=0, TOSHIGH=240, TOSMASK=255;ADD FLOW: SEQNUM=1, DIRECTION=UPWARD, CLASSIFIERINDEX=1, PRECEDENCE=1, CLASSIFIERINDEX2=2, PRECEDENCE2=2, QoSINDEX=1, FLOWPRI=6;ADD FLOW: SEQNUM=2, DIRECTION=DOWNWARD, CLASSIFIERINDEX=1, PRECEDENCE=1, CLASSIFIERINDEX2=2, PRECEDENCE2=2, QoSINDEX=2, FLOWPRI=6;

l Configure four user priorities, that is, golden, silver, copper, and common, on the AAA.For the detailed configuration modes, see the document shipped with the AAA. By default,all subscribers are regarded as common subscribers.

l Run the MOD QOSFACTOR command on the M2000 or the LMT of the WiMAX BS toconfigure the weighing factors corresponding to the user priorities (namely golden, silver,copper, and common) based on the operation strategy of the customer.By default, the weighing factors of the golden, silver, copper, and common subscribers are4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively.

l Run MML commands on the M2000 or the LMT of the WiMAX BS to activate the QoSfeature for the R6 interface.When activating the QoS feature for the R6 interface, you need to configure the logicalinterface for transmission, IP path, and priorities of differentiated services. Moreover, thetransmission differentiated service, transmission admission control function, andtransmission overload control function can be configured to meet requirements of thecustomer.1. Run the ADD LGCPORT command to configure the logical interface.

For example,ADD LGCPORT: CN=0, SRN=0, SN=7, LPN=6, SSN=0, PT=ETH, PN=1, TXBW=150000, RXBW=150000, TXCBS=200000, TXEBS=200000, TXSSW=OFF, RTMP=6, TXRTFC=26, RXRTFC=24;

2. Run the ADD IPPATH command to configure the IP path and QoS parameters of theR6 interface.For example,ADD IPPATH: PATHID=128, CN=0, SRN=0, SN=6, LPN=0, LOCALIP="172.16.12.251", PEERIP="192.168.1.155", PATHTYPE=ANY, PATHCHK=ENABLED;

NOTE

The IP path is configured at a specific logical port, the IP address of the BS is the IP address of theport, and the IP address of the gateway is the physical or logical IP address of the gateway.

3. Run the SET DIFPRI command to configure the priorities of differentiated services.NOTE

l Configuring the priorities of differentiated services refers to specifying the DSCP priorities ofservices. If this step is not performed, the system uses the default DSCP priorities for services.

l The BS needs to be restarted for the configuration of differentiated services to take effect.

For example, to configure the priorities of differential services (the priority rule isDSCP, the signaling priority is 48, the VLAN priority for signaling is 6, the OAMpriority is 32, the OAM VLAN priority is 3, the OAMFTP priority is 1, the OMFTPVLAN priority is 0), run the following command:SET DIFPRI: PRIRULE=DSCP, SIGPRI=48, SIGVLANPRI=6, OAMPRI=32, OAMVLANPRI=4, OAMFTPPRI=1, OAMFTPVLANPRI=0, DT1PRI=46, DT1VLANPRI =6

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, DT2PRI=34, DT2VLANPRI=4, DT3PRI=46, DT3VLANPRI=6, DT4PRI=10, DT4VLANPRI=1, DT5PRI=18, DT5VLANPRI=2, DT6PRI=26, DT6VLANPRI=3, DT7PRI=0, DT7VLANPRI=0;

4. Run the SET TACALG command to configure transmission admission control.

For example, you need to configure transmission admission control. The uplink anddownlink admission thresholds of high-priority subscribers (handover subscribers)are 85%, and the uplink and downlink admission thresholds of new subscribers are75%. That is, when the system load is lower than 75%, all subscribers are admitted.When the system load is higher than 75% and lower than 85%, only the high-prioritysubscribers are admitted. When the system load is higher than 85%, all subscribersare not admitted. The value of USERDATATYPE5GBR is the fixed bandwidth thatis reserved for non-real-time services such as BE services. To make the precedingconfigurations, run the following command:

SET TACALG: TRMULCACSWITCH=ON, TRMDLCACSWITCH=ON, TRMULVIPUSERCACTH=85, TRMULUSERCACTH=85, TRMDLVIPUSERCACTH=75, TRMDLUSERCACTH=75, USERDATATYPE5GBR=100, USERDATATYPE1ACTFACTOR=100, USERDATATYPE2ACTFACTOR=100, USERDATATYPE3ACTFACTOR=100, USERDATATYPE4ACTFACTOR=100, USERDATATYPE5ACTFACTOR=100;

5. Run the SET TOLCALG command to configure transmission overload control.

For example, to configure the OLC algorithm (the UL OLC algorithm switch is OFF,the DL OLC algorithm switch is ON, the UL OLC trigger threshold is 100, the ULOLC release threshold is 0, the DL OLC trigger threshold is 100, the DL OLC releasethreshold is 0, OLC time trigger is 0, the OLC action period is 100, the OLC releasebearer No. is 0), run the following command:

SET TOLCALG: TRMULOLCSWITCH=OFF, TRMDLOLCSWITCH=ON, TRMULOLCTRIGTH=100, TRMULOLCRELTH=0, TRMDLOLCTRIGTH=100, TRMDLOLCRELTH=0, TRMOLCTIMETRG=0, TRMOLCACTIONPRD=100, TRMOLCRELBEARERNUM=0;

----End

Verifying the QoS FeatureYou need to access the network with a WiMAX SS and check whether service flows can beestablished. If service flows can be established, the QoS feature is successfully activated. Ifservice flows cannot be established, the QoS feature is not successfully activated.

5.4.2 Deactivation of the QoS FeatureThe QoS is a mandatory feature, so never deactivate the QoS feature.

5.5 Maintenance Information of the QoS FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the QoS feature.

Related Parameters

For the detailed information of the QoS parameters, see the documents delivered with theWASN9770 packet service gateway.

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Related Performance Measurement ItemsHandover Performance Measurement lists the performance measurement items related to theQoS feature.

5.6 Reference Information of the QoS FeatureThe R1 interface protocol and R6 interface protocol that the QoS feature complies with are IEEE802.16 REV2 and WiMAX NWG 1.2 respectively.

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6 Handover Feature

About This Chapter

This describes the handover feature of the WiMAX BS. The WiMAX BS supports hardhandovers, including intra-BS handovers and inter-BS handovers.

6.1 Overview of the Handover FeatureThis describes the basic information of the handover feature.

6.2 Availability of the Handover FeatureThis describes the license and version information of the handover feature and the networkelements involved in it.

6.3 Description of the Handover FeatureThis describes handover scenarios and handover processes.

6.4 Implementation of the Handover FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the handover feature.

6.5 Maintenance Information of the Handover FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the handoverfeature.

6.6 Reference Information of the Handover FeatureThis describes the reference information of the handover feature. The handover feature complieswith the protocol Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems 802.16Rev2/D2.

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6.1 Overview of the Handover FeatureThis describes the basic information of the handover feature.

DefinitionWhen the MS moves from one cell to another, the signal strength of the source cell becomesweak whereas that of the target cell becomes strong, because of reasons such as distance. Toobtain better signal quality and ensure service continuity, the MS switches to the target cell. Thisprocess is known as a handover, which is a major function enabling mobility management inwireless communications.

The Huawei WiMAX BS supports handovers between the same frequency points of differentsectors. Intra-frequency handovers can be initiated by the MS or BS.

The Huawei WiMAX BS supports handovers between different frequency points of the samesector or different sectors. Inter-frequency handovers can be initiated by the MS or BS.

PurposeThe purpose of handovers is to provide better service quality and ensure service continuity.

When the radio channels change or the BS is overloaded, the BS requires the terminal to initiatea handover so that the terminal obtains better signal quality or service continuity. The MS itselfcan also initiate handovers.

SpecificationsNone.

ImpactImproper network planning may cause frequent handovers, which affect subscriber services.

TermsTerm Definition

R6 interface This is the interface between the BS and the GW.It supports signalingexchange between the BS and the GW and the setup of R6 tunnel to carrythe traffic of the MS.

Hard handover A hard handover is a handover in which the terminal is disconnected fromthe source cell before a connection is established between the terminal andthe target cell.

Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviation or Acronym Full Spelling

MS Mobile Station

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Abbreviation or Acronym Full Spelling

BS Base Station

BWA Broadband Wireless Access

6.2 Availability of the Handover FeatureThis describes the license and version information of the handover feature and the networkelements involved in it.

Network Elements Involved

The handover feature requires the joint work of the SS/MS and the BS. Table 6-1 lists thenetwork elements involved in the handover feature.

Table 6-1 Network elements involved in the handover feature

SS/MS BSASN-GW

AAAServer

DHCPServer M2000

√ √ √ - - √

NOTE

In Table 6-1, √ is used to mark the network elements involved in this feature, and - is used to mark thenetwork elements not involved in this feature.

Supporting Versions

Table 6-2 lists the versions that support the handover feature.

Table 6-2 Versions that support the handover feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License Support

This feature is subject to license restrictions.

6.3 Description of the Handover FeatureThis describes handover scenarios and handover processes.

Handover Processes

An entire handover consists of the following processes:

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1. Handover preparation2. Handover triggering3. Network reentry

MS-Initiated HandoverHandover Preparation

1. The MS obtains the information of the neighboring BSs.2. The serving BS sends the broadcast message MOB_NBR_ADV, which carries the

information of the neighboring BSs, to the MS.3. The MS obtains the information of neighboring BSs through scanning.4. The MS receives the broadcast message MOB_NBR-ADV from the BS, scans the signals

of the neighboring cells, obtains the downlink information, and issues a neighboring cellscanning report. According to quality comparison, the MS selects a proper target cell forthe handover.

Handover Triggering

The MS can initiate a handover request according to the trigger configured by the BS. Themessage carries the list of target BSs, and the MS can identify the measured values of the targetBSs according to the indicator bits.

Network Reentry

Network reentry refers to the process in which the MS enters the network again through thetarget BS after sending the MOB_HO-IND message to the source BS. Different from the initialnetwork entry process, the network reentry process involves optimization. The target BSimplements optimization according to the MS information obtained from the source BS. Thetarget BS sends the optimization instruction to the MS through the RNG RSP message, and thenthe MS performs network reentry optimization according to the optimization instruction. Theoptimization of the process expedites network reentry and reduces the handover delay.

BS-Initiated HandoverHandover Preparation

In a scanning handover initiated by the BS, the BS detects that specific conditions are met andthen sends a scanning response to the MS. The response message carries a recommended list oftarget BSs. After receiving the scanning response, the MS starts a scanning process and sendsthe scanning report to the BS. After receiving the scanning report, the BS checks whether theconditions for an outgoing handover are met. If the conditions are met, the BS sends a handoverrequest to the MS, which triggers a handover. Currently, the BS supports scanning triggered bythe following three conditions:

l When the BS detects that the uplink CINR of the MS is below the value ofSCANCINRBADTHRESH, a scanning process is triggered.

l When the BS detects that the PER of the MS is below the value ofSCANPERRBADTHRESH, a scanning process is triggered.

l When the BS detects that the load on a BS is above the value of LOADOUTTHRESH, ascanning process is triggered by an MS that is heavily loaded. The scanning process isstopped when any of the following conditions is met:– The load on the BS is below the value of LOADOUTSTOPTHRESH.

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– The value of LOADOUTMAXUSERNUM is exceeded.

The preceding three conditions can be used as the same time. In this case, the BS triggers ahandover process using the method whose condition is met first. A new handover process is nottriggered before the current handover process is complete.

Handover Triggering

A scanning handover process is triggered if the thresholds are properly set, scanning handoversare enabled, and conditions are met. See detailed steps on how to perform proper configurations.

Network Reentry

Network reentry refers to the process in which the MS enters the network again through thetarget BS after sending the MOB_MSHO-IND message to the source BS. Different from theinitial network entry process, the network reentry process involves optimization. The target BSimplements optimization according to the MS information obtained from the source BS. Thetarget BS sends the optimization instruction to the MS through the RNG RSP message, and thenthe MS performs network reentry optimization according to the optimization instruction. Theoptimization of the process expedites network reentry and reduces the handover delay.

6.4 Implementation of the Handover FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the handover feature.

6.4.1 Activating the Handover FeatureThis describes how to activate the handover feature. Handover requires neighboring cells. Atpresent, a maximum of 30 neighboring cells is supported. The configured active neighboringcells must be available so that the coverage environments required by handovers are available.At the same time, the following configurations must be complete, and the MS must be able toenter the network through the configured neighboring cells.

6.4.2 Deactivating the Handover FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the handover feature.

6.4.1 Activating the Handover FeatureThis describes how to activate the handover feature. Handover requires neighboring cells. Atpresent, a maximum of 30 neighboring cells is supported. The configured active neighboringcells must be available so that the coverage environments required by handovers are available.At the same time, the following configurations must be complete, and the MS must be able toenter the network through the configured neighboring cells.

Prerequisite

The licenses are activated.

NOTEFor details on how to upload, distribute, and query licenses for the DBS3900 WiMAX, see the M2000Online Help.

Procedurel Activate MS-initiated handovers.

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1. On the M2000 client or Web LMT, run the MOD MACCAPABILITY command,with the value of the parameter Support for mobility (MOBFEATURESUPP) setto 1, which indicates that the BS supports handovers.Check the value of bit 0 of the parameter Support for mobility(MOBFEATURESUPP). If the value of the bit is 1, the handover feature is supported.If the value of the bit is 0, the handover feature is not supported.

NOTEThe value range of the parameter Support for mobility (MOBFEATURESUPP) is 0–7.

l Bit 0: Mobility (HO) support

l Bit 1: Sleep mode support

l Bit 2: Idle mode support

If the value of the parameter Support for mobility (MOBFEATURESUPP) is 7, the BSsupports the handover, sleep mode, and idle mode.

2. Configure sector carriers on the M2000 client or Web LMT.

Run the DSP CARRIERSTATUS command to query the status of source sectorcarriers and target sector carriers.

NOTE

The coverage environment required by handovers can be guaranteed only when the sourcesector carrier and target sector carrier are active and available. In addition, the MS must be ableto enter the network through the configured sector carriers successfully.

3. Run the LST NBR command to query the configured neighboring cells.For example, you need to query the neighboring relations, the BSID of the central BSis 0000-2E00-6400, and the BSID of the neighboring BS is 0000-2F00-7000. Run thefollowing command: LST NBR: CBSID="0000-2E00-6400",NBRBSID="0000-2f00-7000";

4. Run the ADD NBR command to add the neighboring cell relations.For example, to add the neighboring cell relation between the central BS with BSID0000-2E00-6400 and the neighboring BS with BSID 0000-2F00-7000, run thefollowing command: ADD NBR: CBSID="0000-2E00-6400",NBRBSID="0000-2F00-7000";

5. Run the LST TRIGGER command to query the trigger information.For example, to query the information of trigger 0 of carrier 0 under sector 0, run thefollowing command: LST TRIGGER:SECTORID = 0,CARRIERID =0,TRIGGERID = 0;

6. Run the ADD TRIGGER command to configure the trigger information.For example, to add the trigger information in a case where the sector number is 0,the carrier number is 0, the trigger type is 1, the trigger function is 1, the trigger actionis 1, the trigger value is 1, and the trigger interval is 1, run the following command:ADD TRIGGER: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, TRIGGERID=1,TRIGGERTYPE=1, TRIGGERFU NCTION=1, TRIGGERACTION=1,TRIGGERVALUE=1, TRIGGERAVERDURATION=1;

l Activate BS-initiated handovers.To activate BS-initiated handovers, you need to perform the preceding six steps and thenperform the step that follow.

1. Run the LST HOPARA command to query the handover parameters of the BS.

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For example, you need to query the handover parameters of a BS, the sector ID is 0,and the carrier ID is 0. Run the following command:

LST HOPARA:

The following information is displayed:

MML% LST HOPARA:SECTORID = 0,CARRIERID = 0;+++ HUAWEI 2008-03-30 07:34:52O&M #42%%LST HOPARA:SECTORID = 0,CARRIERID = 0;%%RETCODE = 0 Operation succeeded HO PARA ------- SECTORID = 0 CARRIERID = 0 LOADOUTTHRESH(Unit:1/100) = 90 LOADINTHRESH(Unit:1/100) = 60 LOADOUTSTOPTHRESH(Unit:1/100) = 80 LOADOUTMAXUSERNUM = 5 SCANCINRBADTHRESH(Unit:dB) = 15 SCANPERRBADTHRESH(Unit:1/100) = 5 HOCINRTHRESH(Unit:dB) = 3 HOPERRTHRESH(Unit:dB) = 3 HODIFFREQTHRESH(Unit:dB) = 3 ULCINRHOSWITCH = OFF ULPERHOSWITCH = OFF LOADHOSWITCH = OFF DIFFREQPRIORHOSWITCH = OFF PERWEIGHT = 5 MEAREPTIMELEN(Unit:ms) = 1000 LOADHOTIMELEN(Unit:ms) = 120000 HOPINGPANGDELAYLEN(Unit:ms) = 60000 SCANDURATION(Unit:Frame) = 20 SCANINTERVAL(Unit:Frame) = 10 SCANITERATION = 3 (Number of results = 1)--- END

NOTE

l When the value of the parameter DIFFREQHOSWITCH is set to ON and the frequencypoint of the target BS detected by the MS belongs to an inter-frequency neighboring cell,handover decision is performed according to the value of the parameterHODIFFREQTHRESH, and an intra-frequency handover is initiated.

l When the value of the parameter DIFFREQHOSWITCH is set to OFF, an inter-frequencyhandover is not initiated even if the MS detects an inter-frequency neighboring cell.

l If the MS detects an intra-frequency neighboring cell, an inter-frequency handover is notperformed, regardless of the value of the parameter DIFFREQHOSWITCH.

2. Run the MOD HOPARA command, with the value of the parametersULCINRHOSWITCH, ULPERHOSWITCH, LOADHOSWITCH, andDIFFREQHOSWITCH set to ON.

For example, you need to modify the handover parameters of a BS, the sector ID is 0,and the carrier ID is 0. Run the following command:

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MOD HOPARA: ULCINRHOSWITCH=ON, ULPERHOSWITCH=ON, LOADHOSWITCH=ON, DIFFREQHOSWITCH=ON;

----End

6.4.2 Deactivating the Handover FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the handover feature.

Procedure

Step 1 On the M2000 client or Web LMT, run the MOD MACCAPABILITY command, with thevalue of the parameter Support for mobility (MOBFEATURESUPP) set to 0, which indicatesthat the BS does not support handovers.

Step 2 Run the RMV NBR command to remove the neighboring cell relations so that the MS cannotfind target neighboring cells for handovers.For example, you need to remove the neighboring cell relations, the central BSID is0000-2E00-6400, and the BSID of the neighboring cell is 0000-2F00-7000. Run the followingcommand:CBSID="0000-2E00-6400", NBRBSID="0000-2F00-7000";

Step 3 Run the MOD HOPARA command, with the value of the parametersULCINRHOSWITCH, ULPERHOSWITCH, LOADHOSWITCH, andDIFFREQHOSWITCH set to OFF.

----End

6.5 Maintenance Information of the Handover FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the handoverfeature.

Related Parameters

Table 6-3, Table 6-4, and Table 6-5 list the parameters related to the handover feature.

Table 6-3 Parameters of the ADD NBR command

Parameter Meaning

CBSID BSID of the central BS

NBRBSID BSID of the neighboring cell

Table 6-4 Parameters of the MOD CARRIERBLOCKFLAG command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

BLOCKFLAG Block flag of the carrier

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Table 6-5 Parameters of the MOD HOPARA command

Parameter Meaning

LOADOUTTHRESH Threshold for load balance outgoing handovers

LOADINTHRESH Threshold for load balance incoming handovers

LOADOUTSTOPTHRESH Threshold for stopping load balance outgoinghandovers

LOADOUTMAXUSERNUM Maximum number of subscribers for load balanceoutgoing handovers

SCANCINRBADTHRESH Threshold for BS initiating scanning triggered by theuplink CINR

SCANPERBADTHRESH Threshold for BS initiating scanning triggered by theuplink PER

HOCINRTHRESH Threshold for outgoing handovers triggered by theuplink CINR

HOPERTHRESH Threshold for outgoing handovers triggered by theuplink PER

HODIFFREQTHRESH Switch for outgoing inter-frequency handovers

ULCINRHOSWITCH Switch for decision on uplink CINR handovers

ULPERHOSWITCH Switch for decision on uplink PER handovers

LOADHOSWITCH Switch for load balance hard handovers

DIFFREQHOSWITCH Switch for inter-frequency handovers

Related Performance Measurement ItemsHandover Performance Measurement lists the performance measurement items related to thehandover feature.

6.6 Reference Information of the Handover FeatureThis describes the reference information of the handover feature. The handover feature complieswith the protocol Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems 802.16Rev2/D2.

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7 Automatic Discovery Feature

About This Chapter

This describes the automatic discovery feature, which is the application of DHCP in the WiMAXsystem.

7.1 Overview of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the basic information of the automatic discovery feature.

7.2 Availability of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the automatic discovery feature and the earliestversions that support this feature.

7.3 Description of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the principle, application scenarios, and process of the automatic discoveryfeature.

7.4 Implementation of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the automatic discovery feature.

7.5 Maintenance Information of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the automaticdiscovery feature.

7.6 Reference Information of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the protocols and specifications that the automatic discovery feature complieswith.

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7.1 Overview of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the basic information of the automatic discovery feature.

DefinitionAutomatic discovery is a function that automatically assigns OM IP addresses to the BSs throughthe DHCP function and establishes OMLs between the M2000 and the BSs so that the BSs areautomatically managed by the M2000 in a centralized manner.

PurposeThe automatic discovery feature effectively simplifies local maintenance of the BSs. With thisfeature, local software commissioning is not necessary during site deployment.

After the BS is powered on, the DHCP server automatically assigns the BS the parametersrequired for the establishment of the OML. Then, the OML between the M2000 and the BS isautomatically established. All the software commissioning work on the BS can be performedon the management center in a centralized manner. In this way, the maintenance cost is lowered.

SpecificationsNone.

Impactl The automatic discovery feature is mainly used during site deployment. If automatic

discovery fails during site deployment, local software commissioning must be performed.In this case, remote centralized configuration is not possible.

l The automatic discovery feature does not interfere with the daily operation of the system.

l The information about the OML established through the automatic discovery feature is notsaved to the data configuration file. Therefore, engineers need to use MML commands onthe M2000 to manually configure the OML information of the network element for futureuse and maintenance.

l If the OML parameters need to be configured manually, the DHCP function must bedisabled first, and the parameter configuration must be consistent with that on the DHCPserver. Otherwise, the DHCP function modifies the manually configured parameter valuesin the case of intermittent interruptions of the OML, and the OML may malfunction.

TermsTerm Definition

OML Link between the BS and the M2000 for operation and maintenance

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Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviation orAcronym Full Spelling

BS Base Station

DHCP Dynamic host configuration protocol

EMS Element management system

MS Mobile Station

OM Operation and maintenance

SS Subscriber Station

ESN Electronic Serial Number

7.2 Availability of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the network elements involved in the automatic discovery feature and the earliestversions that support this feature.

Network Element InvolvedThe automatic discovery feature requires the joint work of the SS/MS and the BS. Table 7-1lists the network elements involved in the automatic discovery feature.

Table 7-1 Network elements involved in the automatic discovery feature

SS/MS BSASN-GW AAA Server M2000

- √ - - √

NOTE

In Table 7-1, √ is used to mark network elements that are involved in this feature, and - is used to marknetwork elements that are not involved in this feature.

Supporting VersionsTable 7-2 lists the versions that support the automatic discovery feature.

Table 7-2 Versions that support the automatic discovery feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License SupportThis feature is not subject to license restrictions.

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7.3 Description of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes the principle, application scenarios, and process of the automatic discoveryfeature.

Principle DescriptionThe automatic discovery feature is achieved through the DHCP server configured on the M2000.The DHCP server configured on the M2000 server is responsible for allocating IP addresses forthe BSs. This server is different from the DHCP server that is responsible for allocating IPaddresses for the terminals. The DHCP server is responsible for assigning BSs configurationparameters related to the operation and maintenance links (OMLs), for example, OM IPaddresses. After a BS configures its own OM transmission parameters, it can establish an OMLto communicate with the M2000. Meanwhile, with the cooperation of the DHCP server, the BSand M2000 can interact to achieve mutual discovery. In this way, the M2000 manages the BSsin a centralized manner.

This feature enables the following functions:

l After a BS is powered on, it automatically obtains the OML parameters through the DHCPprotocol to establish the OML.

l The M2000 automatically discovers and manages network elements.

Application ScenariosGenerally, the BSs are converged on the bearer network and connected to the ASN-GW andM2000.

When the M2000 and the BS are configured in the same network segment, the DHCP broadcastmessages from the BS can be sent to the DHCP server on the M2000 directly through the IPbearer network.

When the M2000 and the BS are not configured in the same network segment, the DHCP relayservice needs to be configured on the layer 3 switching device that is configured on the IP bearernetwork and closest to the BS. The broadcast messages are sent to the DHCP server on theM2000 through the layer 3 switching network.

After a BS is powered on, it requests its own OM transmission parameters from the DHCP serveron the M2000 through the DHCP protocol. These parameters are used to establish the OMLbetween the BS and the M2000. In order for the DHCP broadcast packets from the BS to be sentover the IP bearer network and received by the M2000, the DHCP relay service needs to beconfigured on the layer 3 switching equipment closest to the BS on the bearer network so thatthe broadcast packets from the BS are converted to unicast packets and sent to the DHCP serveron the M2000 through the layer 3 switching network. The detailed configuration is related tothe network segment information of the subnetwork served by the relay server and the IP addressof the destination DHCP server. For details on the configuration commands and procedure, seethe manuals of the specific equipment.

PrincipleThe automatic discovery feature is used mainly during site deployment. The user needs to planthe OM transmission parameters of the BSs. After each BS is powered on at the site, itautomatically establishes an OML between itself and the M2000. In this way, the maintenance

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personnel can perform centralized maintenance for the BSs on the M2000. The principle of thisfeature is as follows:

1. The user plans OM transmission parameters for each BS on the network according to theactual situations of the bearer network and the details of network planning. Table 7-3 liststhe OM transmission parameters.

2. The user types the information in the parameter table on the DHCP server on the M2000.The parameter table can take the form of an Excel worksheet, which can be imported tothe DHCP server. At this time, the DHCP already can provide services. This Excel templatecan be obtained from the DHCP server configuration tool. The user only needs to exportthe worksheet from the tool.

3. The user installs the hardware and powers on the BS.NOTEIf the ESN of the BS cannot be determined, the user needs to report the ESN and physical locationto the personnel at the network management center and ask them to record the ESN on the DHCPserver.

4. By interacting with the DHCP server, the BS obtains its own OM transmission parameters.5. The BS validates the OM transmission parameters that it obtains.6. The M2000 automatically creates the BS in the topology view and establishes an OM

management link between itself and the BS.7. The user manages the BS in remote mode and performs software commissioning through

the M2000.

The parameters listed in Table 1 are crucial to the establishment of the OML. If parameterplanning is incorrect, the network management center may fail to manage the BS. In this case,the configurations of the DHCP server on the M2000 and of the topology on the M2000 needto be modified so that the BS can be managed through the network management center in remotemode. Some parameters, mainly the OM IP address of the BWA, listed in Table 1 need to bemodified.

If the DHCP switch is set to ON, the BS originates a DHCP request to reconnect to the M2000after detecting that it is disconnected from the M2000 for a period of time. The OML parametersobtained through the DHCP protocol are not written into the configuration data of the BS andtherefore not permanently saved after the BS is powered off. If the OML parameters need to bewritten into the configuration data after automatic discovery is performed, you need to runassociated MML commands to configure OML parameters the same as those planned on theDHCP server. Otherwise, the BS automatically uses the parameters saved in the configurationdata and may break away from the management of the M2000.

7.4 Implementation of the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the automatic discovery feature.

7.4.1 Activating the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to activate the automatic discovery feature.

7.4.2 Deactivating the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the automatic discovery feature.

7.4.1 Activating the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to activate the automatic discovery feature.

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Prerequisitel The M2000 works properly, and the M2000 client is functional.

l The DHCP server assigning IP addresses for the BSs is already deployed, and the DHCPsoftware is already installed. The DHCP server can be deployed on the same computer asthe M2000.

l The DHCP relay service is available on the layer 3 switch that is closest to the BS amongall the layer 3 switches between the BS and the M2000, and the relay parameters areconfigured. After the configuration, DHCP broadcast messages from the BSs can reach theM2000, and response messages from the M2000 can be received by the BSs.

Data PreparationWhen configuring the BS data through the WCS, you need to create NEs on the M2000 topology.Fill the planned NE information in the DHCP Parameter Template, and then create NEs inbatches through the DHCP tool.

NOTE

l You do not need to fill BWA_IP_ALLOC_STATUS in the DHCP Parameter Template.

l All the parameters except BWA_IP_ALLOC_STATUS and DBS3900 WiMAX Esn are mandatoryfor creating NEs.

l If you fail to obtain the ESN of an NE, create the NE on the topology by using the default ESN. Afterobtaining the ESN of the NE, fill the ESN.

l If you fill the correct ESN when creating an NE, the OM links between the BS and the M2000 areautomatically set up after the BS is powered on.

Table 7-3 DHCP parameters

Parameter Description Example

DBS3900 WiMAX Name It is an NE name. wimax

DBS3900 WiMAX ESN It is the ESN of an NE and isused uniquely for identifyingan NE. The ESN is attachedon the BBU before delivery.During engineeringinstallation, the installationengineer reports the mappingbetween the position of eachsite and the ESN.

2102120275P08A000109

ASN-GW IP It is the IP address of thegateway server.

172.16.45.10

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Parameter Description Example

DBS3900 WiMAX OMChannel VLAN ID

It is the VLAN ID used forthe OM channel. If themaintenance network isVLAN networking, and thebroadcast messages withoutthe VLAN ID cannot betransmitted on the OMchannel, you need toconfigure the VLAN ID.

Default value: 0

DBS3900 WiMAX InterfaceIP

It is the ITFIP of the OMchannel.

172.16.12.123

DBS3900 WiMAX InterfaceIP Mask

It is the mask of the ITFIP ofthe OM channel.

255.255.255.0

DBS3900 WiMAX OM IP It is the logical IP address ofthe OM channel and can bethe same as the ITFIP. It isused for the connectionbetween the BTS and theM2000.

172.16.12.11

DBS3900 WiMAX OM IPMask

It is the mask of the OM IPaddress.

255.255.255.0

M2000 IP It is the IP address of theM2000.

192.168.10.105

BWA_M2000_NETMASK It is the mask of the IPaddress of the M2000.

255.255.255.255

DBS3900 WiMAX OM NextIP

It is the IP address of the nextequipment of the OMchannel and is provided bythe network planner oroperator.

172.16.12.1

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Parameter Description Example

DBS3900 WiMAX OMChannel Detection IP

It is the detection IP addressof the OM channel and isused to check whether theroute from an NE to theM2000 is operational.Generally, the detection IPaddress of the OM channel isthe same as the IP address ofthe M2000. If the M2000 isconfigured with the firewall,you cannot successfully pingthe M2000 through thecomputer connected to theBTS. In this case, thedetection IP address of theOM channel is the IP addressof the switching equipmenton the lower layer, forexample, the IP address of theswitch closest to the M2000.

192.168.10.105

Procedure

Step 1 Copy the filled DHCP parameter template to a folder under a path of the M2000 client.

Step 2 On the iManager M2000 Mobile Element Management System, choose Configuration >DHCP Configuration Tool. The DHCP Configuration Tool interface is displayed, as shownin Figure 7-1.

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Figure 7-1 DHCP Configuration Tool interface

If the login fails, the system displays the following message Server may be not running. Systemwill be exit!. In this case, log in to the M2000 server as the superuser in Telnet mode, and thenrun the start_dhcpserver command to start the DHCP service.

If the system displays the following message DHCPServer start succeed!, you caninfer that the DHCP service is started successfully.

Step 3 In the DHCP Configuration Tool interface, click , select the DHCP parameter template,and then import the DHCP parameters to the DHCP server.Click the DBS3900 Wimax tab to view the imported data.

Step 4 On the iManager M2000 Mobile Element Management System, choose Topology > MainTopology to view the Main Topology tab page.

Step 5 On the Main Topology tab page, select the ASN-GW to be connected to the NE, right-click theASN-GW, and then select Search BTS from the shortcut menu.All the NEs imported by the DHCP tool are displayed on the Main Topology tab page. CreatingNEs is complete.

----End

7.4.2 Deactivating the Automatic Discovery FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the automatic discovery feature.

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ProcedureRun the SET DHCPFUNC command, with the value of the parameter STRFLG set toDISABLE.

CAUTIONIf this command is successfully run, the BS does not automatically originate DHCP requests. Inthis case, if the manually configured OM IP address is faulty, the network management centercannot manage the BS. Therefore, you should be cautious about running this command.

----End

7.5 Maintenance Information of the Automatic DiscoveryFeature

This describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the automaticdiscovery feature.

Related ParametersTable 7-4 lists the parameters related to the automatic discovery feature.

Table 7-4 Parameters of the SET DHCPFUNC command

Parameter Meaning

STRFLG DHCP function switch

TMTHD OML detection cycle

By default, the DHCP function is enabled for the BS. Unless necessary, do not disable the DHCPfunction of a BS by using this command.

Related Performance Measurement ItemsNone

7.6 Reference Information of the Automatic DiscoveryFeature

This describes the protocols and specifications that the automatic discovery feature complieswith.

l RFC2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol R. Droms [March 1997]

l RFC2132 DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions S. Alexander, R. Droms [March1997]

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8 FFR Feature

About This Chapter

FFR is an enhanced function of the WiMAX system.

8.1 Overview of the FFR FeatureFFR is an enhanced function of the WiMAX system.

8.2 Availability of the FFR FeatureThis describes the network elements and version information involved in the FFR feature.

8.3 Description of the FFR FeatureThis describes the principle of the FFR feature in terms of networking modes and zone switching.

8.4 Implementation of the FFR FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the FFR feature.

8.5 Maintenance Information of the FFR FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the FFR feature.

8.6 Reference Information of the FFR FeatureThe FFR complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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8.1 Overview of the FFR FeatureFFR is an enhanced function of the WiMAX system.

DefinitionFFR is an enhanced function of the WiMAX system. With this function, one frequency pointcan have PUSC zones and PUSC with all SC zones on the uplink or downlink. The BS instructsthe MS to switch between different zones according to the signal quality.

PurposeThe FFR networking mode is a hybrid networking mode. In this mode, all the BSs uses the samefrequency point. At the borders of cells, only some of the sub-carriers are used to guaranteecoverage. In areas where the signal quality is good, all the sub-carriers are used to guaranteeefficient use of frequency spectrum resources.

SpecificationsNone.

ImpactNone.

TermsTerm Definition

Zone A zone comprises a group of OFDMA symbols that uses the samesubstitution formula. The PUSC zone is an example.

Zone switching In FFR networking mode, the BS instructs the MS to switch betweenpartial use of sub-carriers and use of all sub-carriers according to thesignal quality.

PUSC(1,1,3)networking mode

In PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode, the entire network uses onefrequency point, and only PUSC sub-channels are configured on theuplink or downlink for each sector. In PUSC(1,3,3) networking mode,the entire network uses three frequency points, and only PUSC with allSC sub-channels are configured on the uplink or downlink for eachsector.

FFR(1,1,3)networking mode

In FFR(1,1,3) networking mode, the entire network uses on frequencypoint. PUSC sub-channels and PUSC with all SC sub-channels areconfigured on the uplink or downlink for each sector.

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Abbreviations and AcronymsAbbreviation orAcronym

Full Spelling

PUSC Partial Usage Of Subchannels

CINR Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio

RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indicator

FFR Fractional Frequency Reuse

BS Base Station

8.2 Availability of the FFR FeatureThis describes the network elements and version information involved in the FFR feature.

Network Element InvolvedTable 8-1 lists the requirements of the FFR feature for the network elements.

Table 8-1 Requirements of the FFR feature for network elements

SS/MS BS ASN-GW AAA Server M2000

√ √ - - -

NOTE

In Table 8-1, √ is used to mark network elements that are involved in this feature, and - is used to marknetwork elements that are not involved in this feature.

Supporting VersionsTable 8-2 lists the versions that support the FFR feature.

Table 8-2 Versions that support the FFR feature

Product Version

BS DBS3900 WiMAX V300R002C02

License SupportThis feature is not subject to license restrictions.

8.3 Description of the FFR FeatureThis describes the principle of the FFR feature in terms of networking modes and zone switching.

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The WiMAX BTS supports networking modes such as PUSC(1,1,3), PUSC with all SC(1,3,3),and FFR(1,1,3). In FFR networking mode, the zone switching function is used to ensure that theMS can switch between different zones. In this way, co-channel interference is avoided.

Networking ModesPUSC with all SC(1,3,3) Networking Mode

In PUSC with all SC(1,3,3) networking mode, the three sectors of a BTS use different frequencypoints, and each sector uses the PUSC with all SC method on the uplink and downlink. Thisnetworking mode is applicable to operators that have sufficient frequency resources. In thismode, co-channel interference between BTSs is avoided, and the throughput of each sector andthe entire network is guaranteed.

Figure 8-1 PUSC with all SC(1,3,3) networking mode

PUSC(1,1,3) Networking Mode

In PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode, each of the three sectors of a BTS use one-third of the sub-channels at the same frequency point. Assume that the bandwidth is 10 MHz, and there are totally30 downlink sub-channels and 35 uplink sub-channels. In PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode, eachsector uses 10 downlink sub-channels, and the three sectors use 12, 12, and 11 uplink sub-channels respectively.

This networking mode is applicable to operators that have only one frequency point. In thismode, co-channel interference does not occur between BTSs. The drawback to this networkingmode is reduced sector throughput because each sector uses only one-third of the sub-channels.

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Figure 8-2 PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode

FFR(1,1,3) Networking Mode

In FFR(1,1,3) networking mode, the entire network uses one frequency point. Areas far fromthe BTS uses the PUSC substitution mode, and each of the three sectors of a BTS use one-thirdof the sub-channels at the same frequency point, as shown by the blue area in Figure 8-3. Zonesclose to the BTS uses the PUSC with all SC substitution mode, and the three sectors of the BTSuses all the sub-channels at a frequency point.

The FFR(1,1,3) networking mode is superior to the PUSC(1,1,3) networking mode in that theformer can both guarantee coverage at borders and improve the throughput of the entire BTS.

The FFR(1,1,3) networking mode requires a precise and fast zone switching algorithm. The BTSswitches the MS to a proper zone according to the uplink and downlink conditions of the MS.

Figure 8-3 FFR(1,1,3) networking mode

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Zone SwitchingZone Switching Process

1. In FFR networking mode, the MS enters the PUSC zone by default after entering thenetwork. If the PUSC zone resources are not sufficient, the MS enters the PUSC with allSC zone.

2. When the MS is in the PUSC zone, it reports the CINR of the downlink PUSC zone in realtime. After receiving the CINR from the MS, the BS decides whether the CINR exceedsthe zone switching measurement threshold. If the CINR exceeds the zone switchingmeasurement threshold, the BS requires the MS to measure the CINR of the PUSC withall SC zone. If the average CINR of all the sub-channels in a period of time exceeds thethreshold for switching from one-third of the sub-carriers to all the sub-carriers, the BSswitches the MS from the 1/3-sub-carrier zone to the all-sub-carrier zone.

3. When the MS is in the PUSC with all SC zone, it reports the CINRs of all the downlinksub-carriers in real time. After receiving the CINRs reported by the MS, the BS decideswhether they exceed the threshold for switching from all the sub-carriers to one-third ofthe sub-carriers. If they exceed the threshold for switching from all the sub-carriers to one-third of the sub-carriers, the BS switches the MS from the all-sub-carrier zone to the 1/3-sub-carrier zone.

Settings of Parameters Related to Zone Switching

1. You can run the MOD CARRIERZONEINFO command to set the zone type.MOD CARRIERZONEINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLZONENUM=2, DLZONEIND=9, DL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=21, DL2NDZONESCHNUM=30, ULZONENUM=2, ULZONEIND=5, UL2NDSTARTSYMBOL=15, UL2NDZONESCHNUM=35;

2. You can run the MOD CARRIERBASICINFO command to configure the basicinformation of the carriers.MOD CARRIERBASICINFO: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, DLSEGMENTNO =0, DLBITMAP="00000003", ULBITMAP="000000000000000FFF";

3. You can run the MOD FFRPARA command to configure the measurement threshold.MOD FFRPARA: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, PUSCTOALLMEATH=18;

4. You can run the MOD FFRPARA command to configure the switching threshold.MOD FFRPARA: SECTORID=0, CARRIERID=0, PUSCTOALLSWITCHTH=20, ALLTOPUSCSWITCHTH=16;

8.4 Implementation of the FFR FeatureThis describes how to activate and deactivate the FFR feature.

8.4.1 Activating the FFR FeatureThis describes how to activate the FFR feature.

8.4.2 Deactivating the FFR FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the FFR feature.

8.4.1 Activating the FFR FeatureThis describes how to activate the FFR feature.

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Procedure

This is an inherent feature of the system, and activation is not required.

----End

8.4.2 Deactivating the FFR FeatureThis describes how to deactivate the FFR feature.

Procedure

This is an inherent feature of the system, and deactivation is not possible.

----End

8.5 Maintenance Information of the FFR FeatureThis describes the parameters and performance measurement items related to the FFR feature.

Related Parameters

Table 8-3 lists the parameters related to the FFR feature.

Table 8-3 Parameters of the MOD FFRPARA command

Parameter Meaning

SECTORID Sector ID

CARRIERID Carrier ID

PUSCTOALLDELTACINR Pusc to All Zone Handoff Cinr Delta

ALLTOPUSCDELTACINR All Zone to Pusc Handoff Cinr Delta

PUSCTOALLMEATH Pusc To All Measure Threshold

PUSCTOALLSWITCHTH Pusc To All Handoff Threshold

ALLTOPUSCSWITCHTH All To Pusc Switch Threshold

Related Performance Measurement Items

None.

8.6 Reference Information of the FFR FeatureThe FFR complies with the IEEE 802.16e standard.

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