OPERATOR EXAMPLE specify rep78 variable to be an indicator variable i. regress price i.rep78 specify indicators ib. set the third category of rep78 to be the base category regress price ib(3).rep78 specify base indicator fvset command to change base fvset base frequent rep78 set the base to most frequently occurring category for rep78 c. treat mpg as a continuous variable and specify an interaction between foreign and mpg regress price i.foreign#c.mpg i.foreign treat variable as continuous # create a squared mpg term to be used in regression regress price mpg c.mpg#c.mpg specify interactions o. set rep78 as an indicator; omit observations with rep78 == 2 regress price io(2).rep78 omit a variable or indicator ## regress price c.mpg##c.mpg create all possible interactions with mpg (mpg and mpg 2 ) specify factorial interactions DESCRIPTION CATEGORICAL VARIABLES identify a group to which an observations belongs INDICATOR VARIABLES denote whether something is true or false T F CONTINUOUS VARIABLES measure something Declare Data tsline spot plot time series of sunspots xtset id year declare national longitudinal data to be a panel generate lag_spot = L1.spot create a new variable of annual lags of sun spots tsreport report time series aspects of a dataset xtdescribe report panel aspects of a dataset xtsum hours summarize hours worked, decomposing standard deviation into between and within components arima spot, ar(1/2) estimate an auto-regressive model with 2 lags xtreg ln_w c.age##c.age ttl_exp, fe vce(robust) estimate a fixed-effects model with robust standard errors xtline ln_wage if id <= 22, tlabel(#3) plot panel data as a line plot svydescribe report survey data details svy: mean age, over(sex) estimate a population mean for each subpopulation svy: tabulate sex heartatk report two-way table with tests of independence svy, subpop(rural): mean age estimate a population mean for rural areas tsset time, yearly declare sunspot data to be yearly time series TIME SERIES webuse sunspot, clear PANEL / LONGITUDINAL webuse nlswork, clear SURVEY DATA webuse nhanes2b, clear svyset psuid [pweight = finalwgt], strata(stratid) declare survey design for a dataset svy: reg zinc c.age##c.age female weight rural estimate a regression using survey weights stset studytime, failure(died) declare survey design for a dataset SURVIVAL ANALYSIS webuse drugtr, clear stsum summarize survival-time data stcox drug age estimate a cox proportional hazard model tscollap carryforward tsspell compact time series into means, sums and end-of-period values carry non-missing values forward from one obs. to the next identify spells or runs in time series USEFUL ADD-INS pwmean mpg, over(rep78) pveffects mcompare(tukey) estimate pairwise comparisons of means with equal variances include multiple comparison adjustment webuse systolic, clear anova systolic drug analysis of variance and covariance ttest mpg, by(foreign) estimate t test on equality of means for mpg by foreign tabulate foreign rep78, chi2 exact expected tabulate foreign and repair record and return chi 2 and Fisher’s exact statistic alongside the expected values prtest foreign == 0.5 one-sample test of proportions ksmirnov mpg, by(foreign) exact Kolmogorov-Smirnov equality-of-distributions test ranksum mpg, by(foreign) exact equality tests on unmatched data (independent samples) By declaring data type, you enable Stata to apply data munging and analysis functions specific to certain data types TIME SERIES OPERATORS L. lag x t-1 L2. 2-period lag x t-2 F. lead x t+1 F2. 2-period lead x t+2 D. difference x t -x t-1 D2. difference of difference x t -x t−1 -(x t−1 -x t−2 ) S. seasonal difference x t -x t-1 S2. lag-2 (seasonal difference) x t −x t−2 logit foreign headroom mpg, or estimate logistic regression and report odds ratios regress price mpg weight, robust estimate ordinary least squares (OLS) model on mpg weight and foreign, apply robust standard errors probit foreign turn price, vce(robust) estimate probit regression with robust standard errors rreg price mpg weight, genwt(reg_wt) estimate robust regression to eliminate outliers regress price mpg weight if foreign == 0, cluster(rep78) regress price only on domestic cars, cluster standard errors bootstrap, reps(100): regress mpg /* */ weight gear foreign estimate regression with bootstrapping jackknife r(mean), double: sum mpg jackknife standard error of sample mean Examples use auto.dta (sysuse auto, clear) unless otherwise noted Data Analysis For more info see Stata’s reference manual (stata.com) Cheat Sheet with Stata 14.1 Summarize Data Statistical Tests Estimation with Categorical & Factor Variables Tim Essam ([email protected]) • Laura Hughes ([email protected]) inspired by RStudio’s awesome Cheat Sheets (rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets) geocenter.github.io/StataTraining updated March 2016 CC BY NC Disclaimer: we are not affiliated with Stata. But we like it. display _b[length] display _se[length] return coefficient estimate or standard error for mpg from most recent regression model margins, dydx(length) return the estimated marginal effect for mpg margins, eyex(length) return the estimated elasticity for price predict yhat if e(sample) create predictions for sample on which model was fit predict double resid, residuals calculate residuals based on last fit model test mpg = 0 test linear hypotheses that mpg estimate equals zero lincom headroom - length test linear combination of estimates (headroom = length) regress price headroom length Used in all postestimation examples more details at http://www.stata.com/manuals14/u25.pdf pwcorr price mpg weight, star(0.05) return all pairwise correlation coefficients with sig. levels correlate mpg price return correlation or covariance matrix mean price mpg estimates of means, including standard errors proportion rep78 foreign estimates of proportions, including standard errors for categories identified in varlist ratio estimates of ratio, including standard errors total price estimates of totals, including standard errors ci mpg price, level(99) compute standard errors and confidence intervals stem mpg return stem-and-leaf display of mpg summarize price mpg, detail calculate a variety of univariate summary statistics frequently used commands are highlighted in yellow univar price mpg, boxplot calculate univariate summary, with box-and-whiskers plot ssc install univar returns e-class information when post option is used Type help regress postestimation plots for additional diagnostic plots hettest test for heteroskedasticity estat vif report variance inflation factor ovtest test for omitted variable bias dfbeta(length) calculate measure of influence rvfplot, yline(0) plot residuals against fitted values plot all partial- regression leverage plots in one graph avplots Residuals Fitted values price mpg price rep78 price headroom price weight not appropriate with robust standard errors Diagnostics 2 Postestimation 3 Estimate Models 1 commands that use a fitted model stores results as -class r e r e r e Results are stored as either -class or -class. See Programming Cheat Sheet r e r r r r r r e e e e 0 100 200 Number of sunspots 1950 1850 1900 4 2 0 4 2 0 1970 1980 1990 id 1 id 2 id 3 id 4 4 2 0 wage relative to inflation
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OPERATOR EXAMPLEspecify rep78 variable to be an indicator variablei. regress price i.rep78specify indicators
ib. set the third category of rep78 to be the base categoryregress price ib(3).rep78specify base indicatorfvset command to change base fvset base frequent rep78 set the base to most frequently occurring category for rep78
c. treat mpg as a continuous variable and specify an interaction between foreign and mpg
regress price i.foreign#c.mpg i.foreigntreat variable as continuous
# create a squared mpg term to be used in regressionregress price mpg c.mpg#c.mpgspecify interactionso. set rep78 as an indicator; omit observations with rep78 == 2regress price io(2).rep78omit a variable or indicator
## regress price c.mpg##c.mpg create all possible interactions with mpg (mpg and mpg2)specify factorial interactions
DESCRIPTION
CATEGORICAL VARIABLESidentify a group to which an observations belongs
INDICATOR VARIABLESdenote whether something is true or falseT F
CONTINUOUS VARIABLESmeasure something
Declare Data
tsline spotplot time series of sunspots
xtset id yeardeclare national longitudinal data to be a panel
generate lag_spot = L1.spotcreate a new variable of annual lags of sun spots
tsreport report time series aspects of a dataset
xtdescribereport panel aspects of a dataset
xtsum hourssummarize hours worked, decomposingstandard deviation into between andwithin components
arima spot, ar(1/2) estimate an auto-regressive model with 2 lags
xtreg ln_w c.age##c.age ttl_exp, fe vce(robust)estimate a fixed-effects model with robust standard errors
xtline ln_wage if id <= 22, tlabel(#3)plot panel data as a line plot
svydescribereport survey data detailssvy: mean age, over(sex)estimate a population mean for each subpopulation
svy: tabulate sex heartatkreport two-way table with tests of independence
svy, subpop(rural): mean ageestimate a population mean for rural areas
tsset time, yearlydeclare sunspot data to be yearly time series
TIME SERIES webuse sunspot, clear PANEL / LONGITUDINAL webuse nlswork, clear
SURVEY DATA webuse nhanes2b, clear
svyset psuid [pweight = finalwgt], strata(stratid)declare survey design for a dataset
svy: reg zinc c.age##c.age female weight ruralestimate a regression using survey weights
stset studytime, failure(died)declare survey design for a dataset
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS webuse drugtr, clear
stsumsummarize survival-time datastcox drug ageestimate a cox proportional hazard model
tscollap carryforwardtsspell
compact time series into means, sums and end-of-period valuescarry non-missing values forward from one obs. to the nextidentify spells or runs in time series
USEFUL ADD-INS
pwmean mpg, over(rep78) pveffects mcompare(tukey)estimate pairwise comparisons of means with equal variances include multiple comparison adjustment
webuse systolic, clearanova systolic druganalysis of variance and covariance
ttest mpg, by(foreign)estimate t test on equality of means for mpg by foreign
tabulate foreign rep78, chi2 exact expectedtabulate foreign and repair record and return chi2 and Fisher’s exact statistic alongside the expected values
prtest foreign == 0.5one-sample test of proportions
ksmirnov mpg, by(foreign) exactKolmogorov-Smirnov equality-of-distributions test
ranksum mpg, by(foreign) exactequality tests on unmatched data (independent samples)
By declaring data type, you enable Stata to apply data munging and analysis functions specific to certain data types
TIME SERIES OPERATORSL. lag x t-1 L2. 2-period lag x t-2
F. lead x t+1 F2. 2-period lead x t+2
D. difference x t-x t-1 D2. difference of difference xt-xt−1-(xt−1-xt−2) S. seasonal difference x t-xt-1 S2. lag-2 (seasonal difference) xt−xt−2
logit foreign headroom mpg, orestimate logistic regression and report odds ratios
regress price mpg weight, robustestimate ordinary least squares (OLS) model on mpg weight and foreign, apply robust standard errors
probit foreign turn price, vce(robust)estimate probit regression with robust standard errors
rreg price mpg weight, genwt(reg_wt)estimate robust regression to eliminate outliers
regress price mpg weight if foreign == 0, cluster(rep78)regress price only on domestic cars, cluster standard errors
bootstrap, reps(100): regress mpg /* */ weight gear foreign
estimate regression with bootstrappingjackknife r(mean), double: sum mpg
jackknife standard error of sample mean
Examples use auto.dta (sysuse auto, clear) unless otherwise noted
Data AnalysisFor more info see Stata’s reference manual (stata.com)
Cheat Sheetwith Stata 14.1
Summarize Data
Statistical Tests
Estimation with Categorical & Factor Variables
Tim Essam ([email protected]) • Laura Hughes ([email protected]) inspired by RStudio’s awesome Cheat Sheets (rstudio.com/resources/cheatsheets) geocenter.github.io/StataTraining updated March 2016CC BY NCDisclaimer: we are not affiliated with Stata. But we like it.
display _b[length] display _se[length]return coefficient estimate or standard error for mpgfrom most recent regression model
margins, dydx(length)return the estimated marginal effect for mpg
margins, eyex(length)return the estimated elasticity for price
predict yhat if e(sample)create predictions for sample on which model was fit
predict double resid, residualscalculate residuals based on last fit model
test mpg = 0test linear hypotheses that mpg estimate equals zero
lincom headroom - lengthtest linear combination of estimates (headroom = length)
regress price headroom length Used in all postestimation examples
more details at http://www.stata.com/manuals14/u25.pdf
pwcorr price mpg weight, star(0.05)return all pairwise correlation coefficients with sig. levels
correlate mpg pricereturn correlation or covariance matrix
mean price mpgestimates of means, including standard errors
proportion rep78 foreignestimates of proportions, including standard errors for categories identified in varlist
ratioestimates of ratio, including standard errors
total priceestimates of totals, including standard errors
ci mpg price, level(99)compute standard errors and confidence intervals
stem mpgreturn stem-and-leaf display of mpg
summarize price mpg, detailcalculate a variety of univariate summary statistics
frequently used commands are highlighted in yellow
univar price mpg, boxplotcalculate univariate summary, with box-and-whiskers plot
ssc install univar
returns e-class information when post option is used
Type help regress postestimation plotsfor additional diagnostic plots
hettest test for heteroskedasticityestat
vif report variance inflation factorovtest test for omitted variable bias
dfbeta(length)calculate measure of influence
rvfplot, yline(0)plot residuals against fitted values
plot all partial-regression leverageplots in one graph
avplots
Resid
uals
Fitted values
price
mpg
price
rep78
price
headroom
price
weight
not appropriate with robust standard errorsDiagnostics2
Postestimation3
Estimate Models1
commands that use a fitted model
stores results as -class
r
e
r
e
r eResults are stored as either -class or -class. See Programming Cheat Sheet
r
e
r
r
r
r
r
r
e
e
e
e
0
100
200 Number of sunspots
19501850 1900
4
2
0
4
2
0
1970 1980 1990
id 1 id 2
id 3 id 44
2
0
wage relative to inflation
Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition
ADDITIONAL MODELS
xtline plot
tsline plot
instrumental variablesivregress ivreg2
principal components analysispcafactor analysisfactorcount outcomespoisson • nbregcensored datatobit
difference-in-differencediff
built-in Stata command
regression discontinuityrd
dynamic panel estimatorxtabond xtabond2
propensity score matchingpsmatch2
synthetic control analysissynth
oaxaca
user-writtenssc install ivreg2
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