Dairy farming presentation

DAIRY FARMING

Dairy Farming Report1

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

• Objective

• Industry Situationer

• Major Dairy Breeds

• Production Cycle of a Cow

• Land Requirement

• Housing Requirement

• Equipment for Small/Medium Scale Farm

• Financial Analysis


OBJECTIVE

To apprise the Board of Directors re Dairy Industry


INDUSTRY SITUATIONER

21.1

16.4

1.6

21.6

16.8

1.9

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Cattle Carabao Goat

Dairy Animal by Type (In Thousands)

2013 2014

As of January 1, 2014,the total dairy animalpopulation was 40,322head. This was 3.21percent higher than lastyear’s headcount.

Dairy cattle stocks grewby 2.55 percent. Dairycarabao and dairy goatpopulation went up by2.84 percent and 15.26percent respectively.




DAIRY AREAS



North Luzon

2,878 Farmers

20 Coops

Central Visayas

970 Farmers

35 Coops

Eastern Visayas

38 Farmers

7 Coops

Bicol

824 Farmers

9 Coops

Northern Mindanao

452 Farmers

17 Coops

Southern Mindanao

749 Farmers

22 Coops

South Luzon

512 Farmers

16 CoopsWestern Visayas

4,228 Farmers

29 Coops

Small Holders

Dairy

Operations

The Local Dairy

Farmers

• 10,651 farmers• 155 coops


Demand and production of dairy milk products (as of December 2013)

Net Supply of Milk Products = 1,916.63M li.

Local Production = 19.46M li. higher by 35% of milk output 5

years ago

Net imports of Milk Products = 1,897.17 li.

Number of Producers = 31,232 farm families

Number of primary cooperatives and institutions = 408


MAJOR DAIRY BREEDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Brahman

Color varies from gray towhite, brown, red, and blackwith occasional spots.

They are resistant to toinsects due to their thickskin.

This breed is resistant todiseases and can withstand

heat better.



Ongole or Nellore

Usually colored white but itshump and neck are darkgray.

They are known for theirtoughness, rapid growthrate and natural toleranceto tropical heat and diseaseresistance.



Zebu

This breed is used for itsmilk, meat and as draftanimal.



Batangas Cattle


PRODUCTION CYCLE OF A COW


Born• Heifer calves

retained for herd

Weaned• 6-8 weeks

Bred• 15 months

First Calf• 24 months

Calving• 280 days after

breeding

Dries off• Dry for

60 days

Milking• 10-14

months

Breeding• 90-120 days

post-calving



BIRTH

The calf is usually removed from her dam after only a few hours afterbirth. A newborn calf is fed colostrum milk for the first three days of life.

Calves are usually fed milk or milk replacer starting at 3 days of age. Theyare also fed calf starter, a grain, beginning at 7 to 10 days of age.

WEANING

Prior to weaning at 6 to 8 weeks, calves are vaccinated, dehorned, haveextra teats removed, and male calves may be castrated to be raised as steers.At weaning, calves are moved to group housing. The six month old heifer isusually fed silage, hay, and grain. These heifers may also graze in a pasture.



BREEDINGOn the 15th month, a calf is bred. Following breeding, heifers are

maintained until moving to the dairy farm for calving

CALVING

Heifers and dry cows are usually moved to a close-up dry area for closeobservation beginning at 3 weeks prior to calving. When calving appearsimminent, cows are moved to individual maternity pens or an open calving area.

Efforts are made to keep these areas clean. Even cows raised on pastureare sometimes moved to pens for calving to allow close observation in case thedelivery must be assisted, to keep the calf out of cold drafts, and to allow carefulattention to the calf immediately after birth.



MILKING

Normally cows begin to produce milk only after calving, but some heifersmay be milked early to reduce stress and udder edema. Each period of productionor lactation lasts for 12 to 14 months or longer and spans the time period fromcalving to dry-off, which is when milking is terminated about 60 days before thenext anticipated calving.

Cows are bred while they are producing milk, usually beginning atabout 60 days after calving to maintain a yearly calving schedule.

Following the 2-month dry period, the cow calves again andlactation cycle begins anew.

LAND REQUIREMENT


A one-hectare with improved grazing field (planted with forage grasseslike napier and pakchong) can accommodate up to 4 animal units per year.

Milking Cow 1 animal unit

Bull 1.25 animal unit

Heifer 0.75 animal unit

Yearling 0.50 animal unit

Calf 0.25 animal unit

For cut and carry, a one-hectare area planted with napier or pakchong can sustain 10-15 cattle per year.

LAND REQUIREMENT


For a 25-dairy cattle farm, the following is the land requirement:

3ha of land for cut and carry forage production 8 ha of land for animal grazing 130 sq meters housing for the animals and feed storage 20 sq meters area for milking and milk room

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE CUBICLES (RESTING AREA)

must be covered with a roof made of iron sheets, grass thatch or makuti

has a length of 210 cm (7ft) and a width of 120 cm (4 ft). Cubicles areseparated from each other by two timbers.

should not be too small for the cow or too big to allow the cow to turnaround inside the cubicle.

floors are raised and filled with plain soil such as murrum; A softbedding provides comfort to a cow and prevents wounds on its skin

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


Sample cubicle

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE WALKING AREA

about 3 meters wide i.e. between the resting area

where the feed and water troughs are located. No roofing is requiredfor this area except under very hot conditions.

Floor is made of concrete; for possible collection of urine andmanure.

surface of the floor should be rough so that animals cannot slip on it

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


Sample walking area

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE FEED AND WATER TROUGHS

Feed troughs should run along the length of the walking area with a watertrough in the middle

Total length of the feed trough should be such that each animal has 2.5-3 feetto itself

inside measurements of the feed trough should be 60 cm (2 ft) wide at thebottom and should be raised at least 15 cm (1/2 ft) above the ground level ofthe walking area

water trough should be placed such that both the young stock and the maturecows have access to it instead of constructing separate trough for each side

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


Sample feed trough

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE MILKING PLACE

should be constructed next to the cubicles

should also be of same dimensions as cubicles i.e. 120 cm (4 ft) by 210 cm (7ft)

The floor should be flat and made of firm concrete and slope towards thewalking area. The direction of slope of the floor would ensure that dirtcollected from the floor can flow through the walking area onto the manurepit.

feed trough should also be placed at the head of milking place for cowfeeding during milking

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


Milk area with a feed trough and neck yoke

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE CALFPEN (optional)

recommended when free suckling is not permitted like in the case of zero-grazing system

Situated opposite the milking place or on the side of a cubicle or milkingplace; can also be movable or fixed

Floor surface of 4x5ft and should be slatted and raised by ½ to 1 foot abovethe concrete floor to make cleaning easier

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


Sample calf pen

HOUSING REQUIREMENT


THE MANURE STORAGE

Manure can be stored in a small pit dug out of the soil. The pit mayor maynot be cemented.

Manure can also be stored as compost made from dung, urine and plantmaterials. In this case the compost is heaped next to the unit. Compost maybe covered with soil or plastic.

EQUIPMENT FOR SMALL/MEDIUM SCALE

Milking Equipment

Milking machine with Single Cluster

Milking machine with Two Clusters and Two Cans



Tractor


Semen Container


Green Fodder Chaff Cutterwith Motor

Feed Grinder with Motor(Optional)



Mist Cooling System



Milk Cooling Tank Milk Cans



Generator

Borewell with Motor

Weighing Scale

Trolly

Ropes, chains, tagging equipment, water pipes


FINANCIAL ANALYSIS


Capital costs 4,123,000.00 Pasture establishment 220,000.00 Farm and Infrastructure Facilities 165,000.00

Purchase and installation of farm equipment 243,000.00 Purchase of dairy animals 1,295,000.00 Land 2,200,000.00

Initial working capital 934,973.00 Total capital investment 5,057,973.00 Average annual net income 644,010.29 Internal rate of return 22%Net present value at 15% discount rate 923,617.15 Payback Period 5.9 years

Summary of Financial Analysis for a 25-dairy cattle module

THANK YOU


Dairy farming presentation

Food

dairy carabao

dairy cattle stocks

dairy goat population

total dairy animal population

milk output

colostrum milk

milk replacer

days of age