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CASE STUDY: Curitiba, Brazil. It is in the state of Parana in Brazil, its population has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to nearly 2.5 million in 2000. It is in the state of Parana in Brazil, its population has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to nearly 2.5 million in 2000. Curitiba has managed to address the Brown Agenda (this is the range of environmental problems faced by LEDC cities) and establish a model for sustainable urban development.
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Page 1: Curitiba, Brazil

CASE STUDY: Curitiba, Brazil. It is in the state of Parana in Brazil, its population has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to nearly 2.5 million in 2000.

It is in the state of Parana in Brazil, its population has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to nearly 2.5 million in 2000.Curitiba has managed

to address the Brown Agenda (this is the

range of environmental

problems faced by LEDC cities) and

establish a model for sustainable urban

development.

Page 2: Curitiba, Brazil
Page 3: Curitiba, Brazil

From the INTERNET……………….. Curitiba offers the largest proportion of green area per inhabitant - 52m² per person, totalling 21 million m². Pioneering the implementation of recyclable waste exchange schemes in Brazil, Curitiba today separates 13 % of its garbage and is also ranked first among the 4 Brazilian cities that separate recyclable biodegradable waste (cans, glass, metal, plastic, paper). Awarded the highest environmental prize in 1990 by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), the recyclable waste scheme has accomplished the separation of 419,000 tons of recyclable waste since its 1989 start-up. Such volume would fill up 1,200 20-story buildings with 280 m² of trash each. In its newest stage, the recyclable waste scheme reaches the 13 municipalities of Greater Curitiba. These city governments understand that this increase is critical to the preservation of Curitiba's fresh water supply

Page 4: Curitiba, Brazil

Focus for development has been:

Using former quarry sites to become landscape features. Each inhabitant has 52m2 of green area.

Using former quarry sites to become landscape features. Each inhabitant has 52m2 of green area.

Development of cheap, low technology solutions to solve problems. Waste collectors are sold rubbish carts at cost price – they then collect, recycle and sell the waste to private recycling companies

Page 5: Curitiba, Brazil
Page 6: Curitiba, Brazil

Citizens participate in the citywide plans. In the health schemes each sub region has its own outpatient post and these can develop their own plans Innovative solutions to problems – social workers approach migrants from rural areas at the bus stations and offer them free return tickets to return home (so far 23,000 have accepted!). They have provided small farms around the city where people can farm between temporary industrial jobs

Public transport system has been promoted at the expense of the car. They have five main express bus routes that have their own bus lanes. These are flanked by local roads and high capacity one-way streets running in and out of the city. These have become centres of commerce and offices. Other roads circle the city to create a ‘spiders web’. A single bus fare covers the whole city, there are quality bus shelters, wide access doors, comfortable buses, bendy buses, and the bus companies are paid by the number of kilometres of road they serve (encouraging them to serve more of the city)

Page 7: Curitiba, Brazil
Page 8: Curitiba, Brazil

•The preservation of green areas is another central instrument of municipal environmental and sanitation policy. •The 21 million m² of parkland (parks, woods, gardens and squares) maintained within the urban perimeter are visited by over 150,000 people during weekends.. Most of Curitiba's parks, called linear parks, are located along river banks and in valley bottoms. •They work like a kind of barrier that prevents illegal occupation of such areas, subject to floods, in addition to keeping rivers and streams from becoming landfills. The park lakes are used to hold back floods and function as water flow regulators during the rainy season.

Page 9: Curitiba, Brazil

The population's motivation to cooperate with environmental programs increases proportionally to the benefits generated by environmental schemes. Câmbio Verde (Green Exchange), for example, exchanges recyclable trash for sacks of foodstuffs, toys and teaching material

Page 10: Curitiba, Brazil

In the Olho d’Água (Fountain) scheme the community plays an active role in environmental education activities. All 2,600 municipal school students carry out, through water analysis, a complete survey about river quality. The idea is to assess and eventually intervene with concrete actions to recover the quality of the water supply.

Page 11: Curitiba, Brazil

•Curitiba’s collective transportation system is one of the most efficient in Brazil, as evidenced by a series of international awards.

•The most significant edge within Curitiba’s transportation scheme is the availability of an integrated tariff, which allows commutes throughout the whole city for just one fare. Each user can make his or her own intinerary, since the system is integrated by means of terminals and tube-stations. Those commuting long distances, which is the case in most low-income populations, are subsidized by those making shorter trips. It is estimated that around 80 % of users are benefited by the integration.

•Nowadays, the Integrated Transport Network operates with 1,902 buses, making about 14,000 journeys daily, totalling 316,000 km every 24 hours. Integration is supported by conventional bus routes, metropolitan buses, expresses and ligeirinho (speedy) buses transporting about 250,000 passengers daily who either live or work in the neighboring cities

                                              

Page 12: Curitiba, Brazil

MTUBE-STATIONS - There are 223 loading and unloading platforms, at the same height as the doors of the Direct Route (also called "speedy") buses. Fares are paid beforehand, at the station itself, making a fare collector inside the bus unnecessary. Vehicles spend less time commuting between the tube stations, located an average of 800 m apart. Paying fares in advance saves riders up to 60 minutes daily, and if compared to a conventional system, saves up to 18 % of operating costs. In total, 195 tube-stations are equipped with evivators for disabled users

Page 13: Curitiba, Brazil

From 1974 onward, an express bus system - called the "surface subway" - has been operational in Curitiba. It consists of a revolutionary solution for linking downtown to the neighborhoods through exclusive traffic lanes. The trinitarian system of lanes was therefore created, flanking an "express bus only" middle lane with two outer lanes for slower traffic. The express lanes enable a considerably higher average bus speed without jeopardizing passenger safety

Page 14: Curitiba, Brazil

There are now 58 km of exclusive lanes which crisscross the city along its north, south, east, west and southwest axes. The great axes are complemented by 270 km of feeder routes and 185 km of interdistrict routes, servicing about 65 % of the urban area. If added to the conventional routes, Curitiba’s urban transportation system covers the entire municipal area.

Page 15: Curitiba, Brazil

TASK!

• Referring to named examples from LEDC cities, examine the successes of schemes designed to improve the quality of life of urban dwellers

• 10 marks