Chapter 1 Overview of Using Computer
Nov 11, 2014
Chapter 1 Overview of Using
Computer
Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Define the term, computerDefine the term, computer
Identify and describe the componentsof a computer
Identify and describe the componentsof a computer
Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers
Describe the various types of computer users
Describe the various types of computer users
Discuss various computerDiscuss various computer
Discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof using computers
Discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof using computers
Recognize the purpose of a networkRecognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
Distinguish between system softwareand application software
Distinguish between system softwareand application software
Discuss various computerapplications in society
Discuss various computerapplications in society
Learning Outcome
Successful students will be able to:
Describe the characteristics of computer hardware devices and explain their functionalities.
Computers are everywhere…
Computers are everywhere…
A World of Computers
COMPUTER LITERACY
� Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
� Electronic deviceoperating under the control of operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
What Is a Computer?
AcceptsdatadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols
- Collection of unprocessed items
- Text, numbers, images, audio & video
Processes data into informationinformation
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
A computer holds data, information & instructions in storage for future use.
What are instructions?
What Is a Computer?
� They are the steps that tell computer how to perform a particular task.
What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?� Input� Process� Output� Storage� Communication� Communication
The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
� Hardware used to enterdata and instructions
� control pointer movement
� allow user to speak into computer
� converts printed material into data and instructions� converts printed material into different form the computer can understand
� take pictures & transfer the image to computer or printer
� create movie or take still photographs electronically
Input Devices
The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
� Hardware that conveys information to one or
� produce text & graphics on a physical medium (paper)
� display text, graphics & videos on information to one or more people
� display text, graphics & videos on screen
� allow user to hear music, voice & other audio
Output Devices
The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
�Case containing electronic components used to process data� its circuitry usually is part of or is connected to
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
part of or is connected to a circuit board called motherboard
The Components of a Computer
What are TWO (2) main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processorThe electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructionsthat operate the computerout the basic instructionsthat operate the computer
MemoryMemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructionswaiting to be executed and dataneeded by those instructions (some stored permanently & most temporarily)
Processor
The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
� Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, ...and information are storedand information are stored
Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
memory cards, ...
CD drive, card reader/writer
Storage Devices
The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
send and receive data, instructions,
Hardware component that enables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and other transmission media
Communication Device
Quick Quiz
1) What is computer literacy?Answer: Having a knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
Answer: Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information
2) How is data different from information?
Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people.
Answer: d
3) Which of the following is not an example of a storage medium? a) DVD b) memory card c) USB flash drive d) system unit
Answer: False
4) A CD-ROM can hold from 1 million to 650 million characters. True or false?
Consists of a series of instructionsthat tells the computer
Computer Software
What is software?
Also called a program
that tells the computerwhat to do
Two categories:System software
Application software
Computer Software
What is system software?� Programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its devices
� Serves as the interface between the user, the application sw, & the comp’s user, the application sw, & the comp’s hw
Computer Software
TWO (2) types of System Software:
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates all activitiesamong
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates all activitiesamong activitiesamong computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
activitiesamong computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Computer Software
What is application software?
SpreadsheetWord
Processing
� Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Presentation Graphics
Database
Processing
Application Software
Application Software
� What is application software?
� Programs designed to make users more productive
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Application Software
� How is software distributed?� Packaged software, mass-produced
� Custom software, performs functions specific to a business or industry
� Open source software, provided for use, modification, and redistribution
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modification, and redistribution
� Shareware, distributed free for trial period
� Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no cost
� Public-domain software, freeware with no copyright restrictions
Application Software
� What is system software?� Programs that control
the operations of the computer
� Serves as the interface between the user, the
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between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware
Application Software
� How do you start an application?� From the desktop, click the Start button, point to All
Programs, and click the name of the application� The program’s instructions load into memory
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Start button All Programs
Application
Application Software
� What is a window?
Menu Bar
� A rectangular area of the screen that displays a program, data, and/or information
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Application Software
� What is a dialog box?� A special window that provides information, presents
available options, or requests a response
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Business Software
� What is business software?� Software that assists people in becoming more
effective and efficient
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Business Software
� What is word processing software?� Allows users to createand
manipulate text and graphics� Clip art is a collection
of graphics that you can
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that you caninsert indocuments
Business Software
�What are popular word processing features?
AutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrect CollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaboration
ColumnsColumnsColumnsColumns MacrosMacrosMacrosMacrosInk InputInk InputInk InputInk InputGrammarGrammarCheckerChecker
GrammarGrammarCheckerChecker
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Mail MergeMail MergeMail MergeMail Merge ResearchResearchResearchResearchReadingReadingLayoutLayoutReadingReadingLayoutLayout
Smart TagsSmart TagsSmart TagsSmart Tags ThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTablesTablesTablesTables
Voice Voice RecognitionRecognition
Voice Voice RecognitionRecognition
TrackingTrackingChangesChangesTrackingTrackingChangesChanges
Web PageWeb PageDevelopmentDevelopment
Web PageWeb PageDevelopmentDevelopment
Business Software
� What is a font?� A name assigned to a specific design of characters� Font sizeindicates the size of the characters in a
particular font in points (a single point is about1/72 of an inch in height)
� Font style adds
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� Font style adds emphasis to a font such as bold, italic, and underline
Business Software
What is spreadsheet software?� Organizes data
� Performs calculations andrecalculates when data changes
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= SUM (C12:Y12)
= A1+B2 (*C12) = D1+E2 (*F12)
Business Software
� How is a spreadsheet organized?� Columns identified by letters� Rows identified by numbers� A cell is the intersection of a
column and row
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Business Software
� What is a function?� A predefined formula
that performs common calculations=C4+C5+C6+C7+C8
=SUM(C4:C8)
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=SUM(C4:C8)
Business Software
� What is charting?� Allows you to display spreadsheet data in graphical form
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Business Software
� What is database software?
Allows you to create and manage data
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Add, change, delete, sort, and retrieve data
Business Software
� What are the parts of a database?� A table contains records� A record is a row in a
table that contains information about a given person, product, or event
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or event� A field is a column in
a table that contains a specific piece of information within a record
Business Software
� How do you extract information from a database?
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Can be sent as a report to the printer
Run queriesto retrieve data
Business Software
� What is presentation graphics software?� Used to create visual aids for presentations
� A presentation is sometimes called a slide show
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Business Software
� What is note taking software?
� Enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on the page
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page� Notes are organized like a
notebook
Business Software
� What is Personal Information ManagerSoftware?� Includes a calendar, address book, synchronization with desktop computer
� Most PDAs and many
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� Most PDAs and many smart phones include PIM functionality
Business Software
� What is a software suite?
A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package
A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package
Two major advantages:Two major advantages:
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a single packagea single package
lower cost ease of use
Business Software
� What is project management software?� Allows you to plan, schedule, track, and analyze
the events, resources, and costs of a project
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Business Software
� What is accounting software?� Helps companies record and report their financial transactions
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Business Software
� What is enterprise computing software?� Large organizations require special computing
solutions� Each functional unit has specialized software
requirements
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Marketing Sales DistributionCustomerService
IT
HumanResources
Accounting EngineeringManufacturing
Graphics and Multimedia Software
�What are some popular graphics and multimedia software products?
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
� What is computer-aided design (CAD)?� Sophisticated application software that allows you to
create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
� What is desktop publishing software?� Enables you to design and produce sophisticated
documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
� What is paint/image editing software?� Used to create and
modify graphical images
� Sometimes called illustration
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illustration software
Graphics and Multimedia Software
� What is video and audio editing software?� Video editing software allows you to modify a
segment of a video, called a clip� Audio editing software allows you to modify
audio clips
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
� What is multimedia authoring software?� Allows you to combine
text, graphics, audio, video, and animation into an interactive presentation
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presentation
Graphics and Multimedia Software
� Allows users of all skill levels to create Web pages� Some application software programs include Web page
authoring programs
What is Web page authoring software?
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animation
graphicalimages
audio
videoorganize
managemaintain
Web pagesand/or
Web sites
Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use
�What software products are available for home, personal,and educational use?
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Application Software for Communications
� What software facilitates communication?
VideoVideoconferencingconferencing
Chat roomsChat roomsWebWeb
browsersbrowsersEE--mailmail
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InstantInstantmessagingmessaging
NewsgroupsNewsgroupsFTPFTP
Popular Stand-Alone Utility Programs
� What are some widely used stand-alone utility programs?
AntivirusProgram
SpywareRemover
InternetFilters
FileCompression
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Program Remover Filters Compression
FileConversion
CD/DVDBurning
PCMaintenance
Application Software on the Web
� What is a Web application?� A software application that
exists on a Web site, such as maps and directions� Some Web applications
store your data and
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store your data and information at their site
� Some are free
Applications on the Web
� What is an application service provider (ASP)?
ThirdThird--party organization party organization that manages and that manages and
distributes software distributes software and services and services
Allows companies Allows companies to outsource to outsource information information technology (IT) technology (IT)
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and services and services on the Webon the Web
technology (IT) technology (IT) needsneeds
Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software
� What is Online Help?� Electronic equivalent of a user manual� Context-sensitive help
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Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software
� What is Web-based Help?� A Web site linked from Online Help� Provides updates and more resources to respond
to technical issues about a program� Some Web sites contain
chat rooms where user
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chat rooms where user can talk directly with a technical support person
� Self-directed, self-paced instruction on a topic on the Web� Distance learning (DL) is
the delivery of education
Learning Aids and Support Tools Within an Application
� What is Web-based training (WBT)?
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the delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other locations
Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?� Allows you to interact
with the software using graphics and icons
� Controls how you enter � Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
Computer Software
What is a programmer?� Someone who develops
application or system software� Programmer writes
instructions todirect computer to
Javascript program
direct computer toprocess data intoinformation
Resulting Internet application
Advantages of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed Reliability Consistency
Storage Communications
Advantages of Using Computers
Speed
Data, instructions, & information flow along electronic circuit
Incredibly fast speed!
Process huge no. of operations in a second
Organizing
Adding
Subtracting
Multiplying
Dividing
e.g. alphabetizing
Computing SortingOrganizing
Formatting
Showing movie…
Advantages of Using Computers
ReliabilityThe components are dependable & reliable
Rarely break or failRarely break or fail
Advantages of Using Computers
ConsistencyGiven same input & processes, computer produces same results
Garbage in, garbage outGarbage in, garbage out- Accuracy of computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input
Correct input + working instructions= ERROR-FREE RESULTS
Advantages of Using Computers
StorageStore data & make data available for processing at anytime
Storage(store enormous amount
of data)
Processor
data
dataMemory
data
data
set of instructions
Advantages of Using Computers
Communication
NETWORK
ComputerB
ComputerA
Commdevice
Commdevice
Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation ofPrivacy
Impact onLabor Force
Impact onEnvironment
Health Risks
Disadvantages of Using Computers
Violation ofPrivacy
Records stored in computer, not protected properly
Impact onLabor Force
Millions of employees replaced by computers
Companies outsourcing jobs to foreign countries
Disadvantages of Using Computers
Prolonged/improper computer use lead to injuries/disorder of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, back, …
Need proper work place design, good posture, spaced work breaks
Health Risks
Computer manufacturing processes depleting natural resources
Computer waste discarded in landfills, release toxic materials & polluting the environment –dangerous levels of lead, mercury & flame retardants
Impact onEnvironment
Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Transmission Media
Transmission Media
Communications Device
Communications Device
� Collection of computers and devices connected together
One type is a modem
Enables a connection between
computers
Enables a connection between
computers
Cables
Cellular radio
Telephone lines
Satellites
MediaMedia
To shareTo share
Networks and the Internet
What are the reasons to network?
ResourcesResources
Hardware Hardware Hardware devices
Hardware devices
Software programsSoftware programs
DataDataTo save
time and
money
To save time and
moneyInformationInformation
Networks and the Internet
What is a server?� A server manages
the resources on a network
� Clients access the resources the resources on the server
Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?� Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
� Access Providers – offers users & companies access to the Internet free or for a fee.to the Internet free or for a fee.
� People connect to the Internet to exchange info.
� Instant messaging - chat room
� Internet telephony
Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
1. Communications
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
Networks and the Internet
What is the World Wide Web (Web)?� One of the most popular services on the
Internet
� A global library of info. available to any one connected to the Internet.
� Billions of documents, called Web pages, � Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
Networks and the Internet
A Web siteis a collection of
related Web pages
A Web siteis a collection of
related Web pages
A Web pagecontains A Web pagecontains A Web pagecontains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
A Web pagecontains text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to other Web pages
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
You can share information by
creating Web pages or posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
Quick Quiz
1) What does garbage in, garbage out mean?Answer: This phrase means that the accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input.
Answer: Text, graphics, audio, and video
2) What can a Web page contain?
Text, graphics, audio, and video
Answer: False
3) The Web is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. True or false?
Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers(desktop)
Mobile Computers andMobile Devices
Game Consoles
A computers size, speed, processing power, price determine the category it best fits
Midrange Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Game Consoles
Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal computers?
� PC and PC-compatibles use the Windows operating system
� Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
Contains a processor, memory, comm., and many input, (Mac OS)and many input, output & storage devices.
PC-compatible refers to any personal computer based on the original IBM personal computer design
Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?� Designed so all of the components fit entirely
on or under a desk or table
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?� Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
� Also called a laptop computer
� Generally more � Generally more expensive than a desktop computer
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
� Especially useful for taking
� Resembles a letter-sized slate
� Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
� Especially useful for taking notes
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are mobile devices?� Small enough to carry in a
pocket� Internet-enabled
telephone is a “smart phone”phone”
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?
Used
Small enough to fit Used
by mobile employees such as meter readers and
delivery people
in one hand
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?� Provides personal organizer
functions
� Calendar
� Appointment book
� Address book� Address book
� Calculator
� Notepad
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones and smart watches?
A smart watch isan Internet-enabled
watch that automaticallyadjusts to time zone changes
and stores personal
A smart phone isan Internet-enabled
telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities
and stores personal information
CONSOLES
Game Console� Mobile computing device for single-player or
multiplayer video games – music, video & connect to Internet
Standard Game ConsoleInput device: handheld controller(s)Output device: television screenStorage media: hard disk, CDs, DVDs, & memory cardsMicrosoft’s Xbox 360, Nintendo’s Wii, & Sony’s PlayStation 3.
Handheld Game ConsoleThe controls, screen & speakers built into the deviceSome use cartridges to store games; others use miniature CD or DVD.Can comm. wirelessly with other similar consoles for multiplayer gamingNintendo DS Lite & Sony’s PlayStation Protable (PSP)
Servers
What types of servers are there?
Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports expensive computer that supports thousands of computers simultaneously
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer?� A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product
Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?� Hardware
� Software
� Data
� People
� Procedures� Procedures
Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
Examples of Computer Usage
� Productivity software� Specialty software
What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? (less than 50 employees as well as self-employed who work from home)
� Specialty software� Web usage� E-mail
� Hardware� Notebook computers� PDAs� Smart phones
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for a mobile user?
� Software� Word processing� Spreadsheet� Presentation graphics
software
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?� Speed and large amounts of storage
� Types of power users
� Engineers
� Scientists
� Architects� Architects
� Desktop publishers
� Graphic artists
Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples of computer applications in society?
� Education� Finance� Government� Government� Healthcare� Science� Publishing� Travel� Industry