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Chapter 1 Overview of Using Computer
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CSC1100 - Chapter01 - Overview of Using Computers

Nov 11, 2014

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Page 1: CSC1100 - Chapter01 - Overview of Using Computers

Chapter 1 Overview of Using

Computer

Page 2: CSC1100 - Chapter01 - Overview of Using Computers

Chapter 1 Objectives

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Recognize the importance of computer literacy

Define the term, computerDefine the term, computer

Identify and describe the componentsof a computer

Identify and describe the componentsof a computer

Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers

Describe the various types of computer users

Describe the various types of computer users

Discuss various computerDiscuss various computer

Discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof using computers

Discuss the advantages and disadvantagesof using computers

Recognize the purpose of a networkRecognize the purpose of a network

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

Distinguish between system softwareand application software

Distinguish between system softwareand application software

Discuss various computerapplications in society

Discuss various computerapplications in society

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Learning Outcome

Successful students will be able to:

Describe the characteristics of computer hardware devices and explain their functionalities.

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Computers are everywhere…

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Computers are everywhere…

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A World of Computers

COMPUTER LITERACY

� Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

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How is a computer defined?

What Is a Computer?

� Electronic deviceoperating under the control of operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory

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What Is a Computer?

AcceptsdatadataRaw facts, figures, and symbols

- Collection of unprocessed items

- Text, numbers, images, audio & video

Processes data into informationinformation

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

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A computer holds data, information & instructions in storage for future use.

What are instructions?

What Is a Computer?

� They are the steps that tell computer how to perform a particular task.

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What Is a Computer?

What is the information processing cycle?� Input� Process� Output� Storage� Communication� Communication

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The Components of a Computer

What is an input device?

� Hardware used to enterdata and instructions

� control pointer movement

� allow user to speak into computer

� converts printed material into data and instructions� converts printed material into different form the computer can understand

� take pictures & transfer the image to computer or printer

� create movie or take still photographs electronically

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Input Devices

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The Components of a Computer

What is an output device?

� Hardware that conveys information to one or

� produce text & graphics on a physical medium (paper)

� display text, graphics & videos on information to one or more people

� display text, graphics & videos on screen

� allow user to hear music, voice & other audio

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Output Devices

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The Components of a Computer

What is the system unit?

�Case containing electronic components used to process data� its circuitry usually is part of or is connected to

p. 8 Fig. 1-3

part of or is connected to a circuit board called motherboard

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The Components of a Computer

What are TWO (2) main components on the motherboard?

Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Also called a processorThe electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructionsthat operate the computerout the basic instructionsthat operate the computer

MemoryMemoryConsists of electronic components that store instructionswaiting to be executed and dataneeded by those instructions (some stored permanently & most temporarily)

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Processor

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The Components of a Computer

What is storage?

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored

� Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

floppy disks, hard disks, CDs, DVDs, memory cards, ...and information are storedand information are stored

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium

memory cards, ...

CD drive, card reader/writer

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Storage Devices

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The Components of a Computer

What is a communications device?

send and receive data, instructions,

Hardware component that enables a computer to

send and receive data, instructions, and information

Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,

satellites, and other transmission media

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Communication Device

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Quick Quiz

1) What is computer literacy?Answer: Having a knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

Answer: Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information

2) How is data different from information?

Data is a collection of unprocessed items; information conveys meaning and is useful to one or more people.

Answer: d

3) Which of the following is not an example of a storage medium? a) DVD b) memory card c) USB flash drive d) system unit

Answer: False

4) A CD-ROM can hold from 1 million to 650 million characters. True or false?

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Consists of a series of instructionsthat tells the computer

Computer Software

What is software?

Also called a program

that tells the computerwhat to do

Two categories:System software

Application software

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Computer Software

What is system software?� Programs that control or maintain the

operations of the computer and its devices

� Serves as the interface between the user, the application sw, & the comp’s user, the application sw, & the comp’s hw

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Computer Software

TWO (2) types of System Software:

Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates all activitiesamong

Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates all activitiesamong activitiesamong computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

activitiesamong computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs

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Computer Software

What is application software?

SpreadsheetWord

Processing

� Programs that perform specific tasks for users

Presentation Graphics

Database

Processing

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Application Software

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Application Software

� What is application software?

� Programs designed to make users more productive

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Application Software

� How is software distributed?� Packaged software, mass-produced

� Custom software, performs functions specific to a business or industry

� Open source software, provided for use, modification, and redistribution

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modification, and redistribution

� Shareware, distributed free for trial period

� Freeware, copyrighted software provided at no cost

� Public-domain software, freeware with no copyright restrictions

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Application Software

� What is system software?� Programs that control

the operations of the computer

� Serves as the interface between the user, the

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between the user, the application software, and the computer’s hardware

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Application Software

� How do you start an application?� From the desktop, click the Start button, point to All

Programs, and click the name of the application� The program’s instructions load into memory

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Start button All Programs

Application

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Application Software

� What is a window?

Menu Bar

� A rectangular area of the screen that displays a program, data, and/or information

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Application Software

� What is a dialog box?� A special window that provides information, presents

available options, or requests a response

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Business Software

� What is business software?� Software that assists people in becoming more

effective and efficient

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Business Software

� What is word processing software?� Allows users to createand

manipulate text and graphics� Clip art is a collection

of graphics that you can

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that you caninsert indocuments

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Business Software

�What are popular word processing features?

AutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoFormatAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrectAutoCorrect CollaborationCollaborationCollaborationCollaboration

ColumnsColumnsColumnsColumns MacrosMacrosMacrosMacrosInk InputInk InputInk InputInk InputGrammarGrammarCheckerChecker

GrammarGrammarCheckerChecker

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Mail MergeMail MergeMail MergeMail Merge ResearchResearchResearchResearchReadingReadingLayoutLayoutReadingReadingLayoutLayout

Smart TagsSmart TagsSmart TagsSmart Tags ThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusThesaurusTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTemplatesTablesTablesTablesTables

Voice Voice RecognitionRecognition

Voice Voice RecognitionRecognition

TrackingTrackingChangesChangesTrackingTrackingChangesChanges

Web PageWeb PageDevelopmentDevelopment

Web PageWeb PageDevelopmentDevelopment

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Business Software

� What is a font?� A name assigned to a specific design of characters� Font sizeindicates the size of the characters in a

particular font in points (a single point is about1/72 of an inch in height)

� Font style adds

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� Font style adds emphasis to a font such as bold, italic, and underline

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Business Software

What is spreadsheet software?� Organizes data

� Performs calculations andrecalculates when data changes

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= SUM (C12:Y12)

= A1+B2 (*C12) = D1+E2 (*F12)

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Business Software

� How is a spreadsheet organized?� Columns identified by letters� Rows identified by numbers� A cell is the intersection of a

column and row

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Business Software

� What is a function?� A predefined formula

that performs common calculations=C4+C5+C6+C7+C8

=SUM(C4:C8)

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=SUM(C4:C8)

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Business Software

� What is charting?� Allows you to display spreadsheet data in graphical form

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Business Software

� What is database software?

Allows you to create and manage data

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Add, change, delete, sort, and retrieve data

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Business Software

� What are the parts of a database?� A table contains records� A record is a row in a

table that contains information about a given person, product, or event

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or event� A field is a column in

a table that contains a specific piece of information within a record

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Business Software

� How do you extract information from a database?

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Can be sent as a report to the printer

Run queriesto retrieve data

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Business Software

� What is presentation graphics software?� Used to create visual aids for presentations

� A presentation is sometimes called a slide show

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Business Software

� What is note taking software?

� Enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhere on the page

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page� Notes are organized like a

notebook

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Business Software

� What is Personal Information ManagerSoftware?� Includes a calendar, address book, synchronization with desktop computer

� Most PDAs and many

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� Most PDAs and many smart phones include PIM functionality

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Business Software

� What is a software suite?

A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package

A collection of individualprograms sold asa single package

Two major advantages:Two major advantages:

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a single packagea single package

lower cost ease of use

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Business Software

� What is project management software?� Allows you to plan, schedule, track, and analyze

the events, resources, and costs of a project

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Business Software

� What is accounting software?� Helps companies record and report their financial transactions

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Business Software

� What is enterprise computing software?� Large organizations require special computing

solutions� Each functional unit has specialized software

requirements

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Marketing Sales DistributionCustomerService

IT

HumanResources

Accounting EngineeringManufacturing

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

�What are some popular graphics and multimedia software products?

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� What is computer-aided design (CAD)?� Sophisticated application software that allows you to

create engineering, architectural, and scientific designs

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� What is desktop publishing software?� Enables you to design and produce sophisticated

documents that contain text, graphics, and many colors

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� What is paint/image editing software?� Used to create and

modify graphical images

� Sometimes called illustration

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illustration software

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� What is video and audio editing software?� Video editing software allows you to modify a

segment of a video, called a clip� Audio editing software allows you to modify

audio clips

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� What is multimedia authoring software?� Allows you to combine

text, graphics, audio, video, and animation into an interactive presentation

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presentation

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Graphics and Multimedia Software

� Allows users of all skill levels to create Web pages� Some application software programs include Web page

authoring programs

What is Web page authoring software?

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animation

graphicalimages

audio

videoorganize

managemaintain

Web pagesand/or

Web sites

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Software for Home, Personal, and Educational Use

�What software products are available for home, personal,and educational use?

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Application Software for Communications

� What software facilitates communication?

VideoVideoconferencingconferencing

Chat roomsChat roomsWebWeb

browsersbrowsersEE--mailmail

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InstantInstantmessagingmessaging

NewsgroupsNewsgroupsFTPFTP

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Popular Stand-Alone Utility Programs

� What are some widely used stand-alone utility programs?

AntivirusProgram

SpywareRemover

InternetFilters

FileCompression

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Program Remover Filters Compression

FileConversion

CD/DVDBurning

PCMaintenance

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Application Software on the Web

� What is a Web application?� A software application that

exists on a Web site, such as maps and directions� Some Web applications

store your data and

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store your data and information at their site

� Some are free

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Applications on the Web

� What is an application service provider (ASP)?

ThirdThird--party organization party organization that manages and that manages and

distributes software distributes software and services and services

Allows companies Allows companies to outsource to outsource information information technology (IT) technology (IT)

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and services and services on the Webon the Web

technology (IT) technology (IT) needsneeds

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Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software

� What is Online Help?� Electronic equivalent of a user manual� Context-sensitive help

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Learning Aids and Support Tools for Application Software

� What is Web-based Help?� A Web site linked from Online Help� Provides updates and more resources to respond

to technical issues about a program� Some Web sites contain

chat rooms where user

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chat rooms where user can talk directly with a technical support person

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� Self-directed, self-paced instruction on a topic on the Web� Distance learning (DL) is

the delivery of education

Learning Aids and Support Tools Within an Application

� What is Web-based training (WBT)?

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the delivery of education at one location while the learning takes place at other locations

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Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?� Allows you to interact

with the software using graphics and icons

� Controls how you enter � Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information

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Computer Software

How do you install and run programs?

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Computer Software

What is a programmer?� Someone who develops

application or system software� Programmer writes

instructions todirect computer to

Javascript program

direct computer toprocess data intoinformation

Resulting Internet application

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Advantages of Using Computers

What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed Reliability Consistency

Storage Communications

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Advantages of Using Computers

Speed

Data, instructions, & information flow along electronic circuit

Incredibly fast speed!

Process huge no. of operations in a second

Organizing

Adding

Subtracting

Multiplying

Dividing

e.g. alphabetizing

Computing SortingOrganizing

Formatting

Showing movie…

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Advantages of Using Computers

ReliabilityThe components are dependable & reliable

Rarely break or failRarely break or fail

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Advantages of Using Computers

ConsistencyGiven same input & processes, computer produces same results

Garbage in, garbage outGarbage in, garbage out- Accuracy of computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input

Correct input + working instructions= ERROR-FREE RESULTS

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Advantages of Using Computers

StorageStore data & make data available for processing at anytime

Storage(store enormous amount

of data)

Processor

data

dataMemory

data

data

set of instructions

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Advantages of Using Computers

Communication

NETWORK

ComputerB

ComputerA

Commdevice

Commdevice

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Disadvantages of Using Computers

What are the disadvantages of using computers?

Violation ofPrivacy

Impact onLabor Force

Impact onEnvironment

Health Risks

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Disadvantages of Using Computers

Violation ofPrivacy

Records stored in computer, not protected properly

Impact onLabor Force

Millions of employees replaced by computers

Companies outsourcing jobs to foreign countries

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Disadvantages of Using Computers

Prolonged/improper computer use lead to injuries/disorder of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, neck, back, …

Need proper work place design, good posture, spaced work breaks

Health Risks

Computer manufacturing processes depleting natural resources

Computer waste discarded in landfills, release toxic materials & polluting the environment –dangerous levels of lead, mercury & flame retardants

Impact onEnvironment

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Networks and the Internet

What is a network?

Transmission Media

Transmission Media

Communications Device

Communications Device

� Collection of computers and devices connected together

One type is a modem

Enables a connection between

computers

Enables a connection between

computers

Cables

Cellular radio

Telephone lines

Satellites

MediaMedia

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To shareTo share

Networks and the Internet

What are the reasons to network?

ResourcesResources

Hardware Hardware Hardware devices

Hardware devices

Software programsSoftware programs

DataDataTo save

time and

money

To save time and

moneyInformationInformation

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Networks and the Internet

What is a server?� A server manages

the resources on a network

� Clients access the resources the resources on the server

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Networks and the Internet

What is the Internet?� Worldwide collection of networks that connects

millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

� Access Providers – offers users & companies access to the Internet free or for a fee.to the Internet free or for a fee.

� People connect to the Internet to exchange info.

� E-mail

� Instant messaging - chat room

� Internet telephony

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Networks and the Internet

Why do users access the Internet?

2. Information

3. Shopping

4. Banking and Investing

5. Classes

1. Communications

5. Classes

6. Entertainment

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Networks and the Internet

What is the World Wide Web (Web)?� One of the most popular services on the

Internet

� A global library of info. available to any one connected to the Internet.

� Billions of documents, called Web pages, � Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet

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Networks and the Internet

A Web siteis a collection of

related Web pages

A Web siteis a collection of

related Web pages

A Web pagecontains A Web pagecontains A Web pagecontains text, graphics, sound,

video, and links to other Web pages

A Web pagecontains text, graphics, sound,

video, and links to other Web pages

You can share information by

creating Web pages or posting photos on

a photo sharingcommunity

You can share information by

creating Web pages or posting photos on

a photo sharingcommunity

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Quick Quiz

1) What does garbage in, garbage out mean?Answer: This phrase means that the accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input.

Answer: Text, graphics, audio, and video

2) What can a Web page contain?

Text, graphics, audio, and video

Answer: False

3) The Web is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals. True or false?

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Categories of Computers

What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers(desktop)

Mobile Computers andMobile Devices

Game Consoles

A computers size, speed, processing power, price determine the category it best fits

Midrange Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers

Game Consoles

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Personal Computers

What are the two most popular series of personal computers?

� PC and PC-compatibles use the Windows operating system

� Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)

Contains a processor, memory, comm., and many input, (Mac OS)and many input, output & storage devices.

PC-compatible refers to any personal computer based on the original IBM personal computer design

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Personal Computers

What is a desktop computer?� Designed so all of the components fit entirely

on or under a desk or table

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a notebook computer?� Portable, small enough

to fit on your lap

� Also called a laptop computer

� Generally more � Generally more expensive than a desktop computer

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a Tablet PC?

� Especially useful for taking

� Resembles a letter-sized slate

� Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

� Especially useful for taking notes

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What are mobile devices?� Small enough to carry in a

pocket� Internet-enabled

telephone is a “smart phone”phone”

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a handheld computer?

Used

Small enough to fit Used

by mobile employees such as meter readers and

delivery people

in one hand

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?� Provides personal organizer

functions

� Calendar

� Appointment book

� Address book� Address book

� Calculator

� Notepad

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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

What are smart phones and smart watches?

A smart watch isan Internet-enabled

watch that automaticallyadjusts to time zone changes

and stores personal

A smart phone isan Internet-enabled

telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities

and stores personal information

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CONSOLES

Game Console� Mobile computing device for single-player or

multiplayer video games – music, video & connect to Internet

Standard Game ConsoleInput device: handheld controller(s)Output device: television screenStorage media: hard disk, CDs, DVDs, & memory cardsMicrosoft’s Xbox 360, Nintendo’s Wii, & Sony’s PlayStation 3.

Handheld Game ConsoleThe controls, screen & speakers built into the deviceSome use cartridges to store games; others use miniature CD or DVD.Can comm. wirelessly with other similar consoles for multiplayer gamingNintendo DS Lite & Sony’s PlayStation Protable (PSP)

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Servers

What types of servers are there?

Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers

Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports expensive computer that supports thousands of computers simultaneously

Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations

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Embedded Computers

What is an embedded computer?� A special-purpose computer that functions as a

component in a larger product

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Elements of an Information System

What are information system elements?� Hardware

� Software

� Data

� People

� Procedures� Procedures

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Examples of Computer Usage

What software is available for a home user?

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Examples of Computer Usage

� Productivity software� Specialty software

What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? (less than 50 employees as well as self-employed who work from home)

� Specialty software� Web usage� E-mail

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� Hardware� Notebook computers� PDAs� Smart phones

Examples of Computer Usage

What is available for a mobile user?

� Software� Word processing� Spreadsheet� Presentation graphics

software

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Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of a power user?� Speed and large amounts of storage

� Types of power users

� Engineers

� Scientists

� Architects� Architects

� Desktop publishers

� Graphic artists

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Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of the large business user?

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Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples of computer applications in society?

� Education� Finance� Government� Government� Healthcare� Science� Publishing� Travel� Industry