Top Banner
Crusades
22

Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

Jan 05, 2016

Download

Documents

Dennis Carroll
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

Crusades

Page 2: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•I. Cause

•A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks

•1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem

•a. Take control of Christian shrines

•b. Christians & Jews no longer safe

Page 3: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•2. Turks threaten Constantinople(Byzantine E.)

•a. Look Pope Urban II for help

•b. Pope hopes to unite East & West Rome

Page 4: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•B. Pope’s call to war

•1. Food shortage: Palestine had rich fields

•2. Free of debt & taxes

•3. God to forgive sins of fallen

•4. Soldiers wear red cross

Page 5: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•5. Deus vult! “It is the will of God”

•6. Reasons

•a. Duty

•b. Nobles gain land & fame

•c. Peasants escape hard work

Page 6: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•II. 1096 - Peasants’ Crusade

•A. March to Palestine

•1. Attacked farmers, cottages, fields

•2. Massacred Jews

•3. Retaliation: poison wells, attack camps

Page 7: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•4. 2/3rds make it to Constantinople

•Looting city

•Byzantine Emperor supplies & ships

•Asia Minor to fight Turks

•Killed by bowmen

Page 8: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•III. 1097 - Nobles’ Crusade

•A. March to Palastine

•1. Nobles bring everything

•a. Borrowed $ to pay for supplies

•2. 30K men defeat Turks

Page 9: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•B. 1099 - Crusaders captured Jerusalem

•1. Massacred: Turks, Jews, Christians

•2. Looted city

Page 10: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•C. Outremer - “Kingdom Beyond the Sea”

•1. 4 feudal kingdoms

•a. Takeover of Turk & Arab land

•b. Arab peasants advise & work land

•c. Muslims admire bravery

Page 11: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•2. Changes

•a. New architecture & design

•1) Round towers & walls

•2) Marble walls, painted ceilings, silk hangings, carpets

Page 12: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•b. Fashion

•1) Men: turbans, loose flowing silk & linen

•2) Women: jeweled tunics, gold thread, veils, makeup, perfume

Page 13: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•c. Bathing

•d. Foods: rice, oranges, figs, melons

Page 14: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•IV. Crusade of Kings

•A. 1174 - Saladin ruler of Egypt

•1. Organizes Muslims

•a. Emirs - leaders of armies

•b. Soldiers

•1) Short bows & Crossbows

•2) Calvary

Page 15: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•2. 1187 - Saladin takes Jerusalem

•a. Refused to massacre Christians

•b. Won respect of crusaders

Page 16: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•B. Church urges crusade

•1. Emperor Frederick Barbarosa of Germany

•a. Died in Asia Minor

•b. Troops return home

Page 17: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•2. King Richard I of England “the Lionheart”

•3. King Philip II Augustus of France

•a. 3 yrs against Saladin w/ Richard

•b. Signed treaty w/ Saladin & returned home

Page 18: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•C. 1202 - Pope Innocent III calls for crusade

•1. Venice to replace Constantinople as trade center

•2. Constantinople captured & looted

•3. Conduct shocked w. Europeans

•4. Ideal lost

Page 19: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•V. 1212 - Children’s crusade

•A. Children sail from Marseilles

•B. Died or sold as slaves

Page 20: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•VI. Effects

•A. 1291 - Muslims take back Acre (win)

•B. Church split permanent

•C. Byzantine Empire weakened

Page 21: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•D. Feudalism breaks down

•1. Kings become powerful while Lords away

•2. Greed clouds religious ideals

Page 22: Crusades. I. Cause A. 1071 - Threat of Seljuq Turks 1. Turks Conquer Jerusalem a. Take control of Christian shrines b. Christians & Jews no longer safe.

•E. Eastern influences

•1. Learning interest renewed

•2. Luxuries: spices, sugar, lemons, silk

•3. New trade routes (towns develop)

•4. Military: crossbow, gunpowder