Country Reports

RCA Annual Report 2007 - Australia

Australia has participated in the following RCA sectors, projects and activities during 2007. The Australian National Project Coordinators are listed in the Attachment.

1. Sector – Agriculture

1.1 RAS/5/043 - Development of Sustainable Land Use and Management Strategies for Controlling Soil Erosion and Improving Soil and Water Quality.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Dr Paula Jones 22-25 Jan 07 Mid Term Review- NEX Beijing China

Dr Greg Hancock

6-17 Aug 07 Expert Assistance Home based

1.2 RAS/5/045 - Improvement of Crop Quality and Stress Tolerance for Sustainable Crop Production by Mutation Techniques and Biotechnology.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Dr Slade Lee 25-29 Jun 07 Project Planning Meeting

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

Dr Chengdao Li

25-29 Jun 07 Project Planning Meeting

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

1.3 RAS/5/046 - Novel Applications of Food Irradiation Technology for Improving Socio-economic Development.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Peter Leach

16-20 Jul 07 Project Planning Meeting

Bali Indonesia

2. Sector - Health Care

2.1 RAS/6/029 - Upgrading Nuclear Medicine Technologist Training

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Ms Heather Patterson

16-18 Apr 07 Project Planning Shanghai China

Prof Brian Hutton

15-16 Aug 07 Consultant Meeting Vienna Austria

Ms Heather Patterson

15-16 Aug 07 Consultant Meeting Vienna Austria

Prof Brian Hutton

1 Sept 07 – 29 Feb 08

Preparation of New Training Materials

Home based

Dr Paul Roach 1 Sept 07 – 29 Feb 08


Home based

Dr Stefan Eberl

1 Sept 07 – 29 Feb 08


Home based

Dr Paul Thomas

1 Sept 07 – 29 Feb 08


Home based

Dr Jocelyn Towson

1 Sept 07 – 29 Feb 08


Home based

2.2 RAS/6/033 - Distance Education in Radiation Oncology.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Prof. Michael Barton

Finalisation of DE CD Home based

Mr Richard Thode

Finalisation of DE CD Home based

2.3 RAS/6/038 - Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Prof John Drew

8-12 Jan 07 Steering Committee Meeting

Vienna Austria

Dr Lisa Duggan


Vienna Austria

Prof Brian Thomas


Vienna Austria

Prof John Drew

24 Jun-2 Jul 07 Regional Meeting Bangkok, Chiang Mai

Thailand

Dr Lisa Duggan

24-28 Jun 07 Regional Meeting Bangkok Thailand

Prof Brian Thomas 24 Jun-2 Jul 07 Regional Meeting Bangkok,

Chiang Mai

Thailand

Prof John Drew

3 Sept–1 Oct 07

Preparation Modules Home based

Dr Lisa Duggan

1-26 Oct 07 Preparation training documentation

Home based

Prof Brian Thomas

1 Oct-2 Nov 07

Preparation training documentation

Home based

Dr Lee Collins 29 Oct-2 Nov 07

Expert Meeting Manila Philippines

Prof John Drew

16-22 Nov 07 Review Modules Home based

2.4 RAS/6/042 - Tumor Imaging Using Radioisotopes.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Prof Brian Hutton

16-20 Apr 07 Midterm Review Meeting

Hanoi Vietnam

3. Sector – Radiation Protection

3.1 RAS/9/032 - Radiological Emergency Response.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Brian Holland

2-5 Apr 07 Expert MissionChernobyl

Vienna

Ukraine

Austria

Mr David Woods

2-5 Apr 07 Expert MissionChernobyl

Vienna

Ukraine

Austria

3.2 RAS/9/042 – Sustainability of Regional Radiation Protection Infrastructure.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Brian Holland

14-18 May 07 Lecturer Regional Field Exercise

Chernobyl Ukraine

Mr Michael Polewski

14-18 May 07 Lecturer Regional Field Exercise

Chernobyl Ukraine

Mr Robert Blackley

14-18 May 07 Participant Regional Field Exercise

Chernobyl Ukraine

Mr Karl Mayman

14-18 May 07 Participant Regional Field Exercise

Chernobyl Ukraine

Mr David Woods

7-11 May 07 Project Planning Meeting

Colombo Sri Lanka

Mr David Woods 15-19 Oct 07 Regional Forum

MeetingVienna Austria

Dr Keith Dessent

15-19 Oct 07 Regional Forum Meeting

Vienna Austria

Mr David Woods

3-5 Dec 07 Regional Meeting ALARA Network

Daejeon R Korea

Mr Keith Baldry

3-5 Dec 07 Regional Meeting ALARA Network

Daejeon R Korea

4. Sector - Energy

4.1 RAS/0/045 - Formulation of Sustainable Energy Development Strategies under Framework of Climate Changes.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Dr. Deepak Sharma

26 Feb – 2 Mar 07

Project Planning Meeting

Colombo Sri Lanka

5. Sector - Industry

5.1 RAS/8/105 - Improvement of production quality and safety in steel, petrochemical and civil industries using Advanced Industrial Radiography and Tomography Techniques.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr David Barnett

2-6 Jul 07 Project Planning Meeting

Goa India

5.2 RAS/8/107 - Intensification of Productivity in Coal, Minerals and Petrochemical Industries using Nucleonic Analysis Systems (NAS) and Radiotracers.

Name

Assignment date

Nature Location

Dr Jacek Charbucinski 5-9 Mar 07 Final Project Review

MeetingDaejeon R Korea

Dr Andrew Rojc 4-8 Jun 07 Expert Instrument

SupportHome Based

Dr Jacek Charbucinski 28 Oct – 1 Nov

07RTC Lecturer Dhaka Bangladesh

6. Sector - Environment

6.1 RAS/7/013 - Improved Information about Urban Air Quality Management in the RCA Region.

NameAssignment Nature Location

dateDr David Cohen 26-27 Mar 07 End Users Conference

Lower Hutt

New Zealand

Dr David Cohen 28-30 Mar 07 Final Assessment

MeetingLower Hutt

New Zealand

6.2 RAS/7/015 - Characterization and Source Identification of Air Particulate Pollution in the Asian Region and its Trans-boundary, Visibility, Climate Change, and Health Impacts and Consequences.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Dr David Cohen 21-24 Aug 07 Project Planning

MeetingGoa India

6.3 RAS/7/016 - Establishing a benchmark for assessing the radiological impact of nuclear power activities on the marine environment in the Asia-Pacific region.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Ron Szymczak 9-13 Jul 07 Project Planning


6.4 RAS/8/095 - Improving Regional Capacity for Assessment, Planning, and Response to Aquatic Environmental Emergencies.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Ron Szymczak 16-18 Apr 07 Expert Consultation

Mission

Jakarta Indonesia

Dr William Glamore 16-18 Apr 07 Expert Consultation

Mission

Jakarta Indonesia

6.5 RAS/8/104 - Assessment of Trends in Freshwater Quality using Environmental Isotopes and Chemical Techniques for Improved Resource Management.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr John Twining 2-5 Apr 07 Project Planning


6.6 RCA-UNDP Project on Post-Tsunami Environmental Impact Assessment.

NameAssignment

dateNature Location

Mr Ron Szymczak 5-9 Feb 07 Regional Training

Workshop

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

Mr Ron Szymczak

12-13 Feb 07

14-16 Feb 07

19-20 Feb 07

Expert Missions Kuala Lumpur

Jakarta

Bangkok/Phuket

Malaysia

Indonesia

Thailand

Mr Ron Szymczak 22-25 Oct 07 Project Review

MeetingPhuket Thailand

Attachment

AUL National Project Coordinators 2007

Agriculture Sector

Project No. Title National Project Coordinator

RAS/5/043 Development of Sustainable Land Use and Management Strategies for Controlling Soil Erosion and Improving Soil and Water Quality.

Dr Paula JonesResearch Programme Leader - Catchment and Communities Cotton Catchment Communities Cooperative Research Centre Australian Cotton Research InstituteLocked Bag 1001Narrabri, NSW 2390 Tel: +61-2-6799 2440Fax: +61-2-6793 1171

Email: [email protected]

RAS/5/045 Improvement of Crop Quality and Stress Tolerance for Sustainable Crop Production by Mutation Techniques and Biotechnology.

Dr Slade Lee Centre ManagerCentre for Tropical Crops and BiocommoditiesQueensland University of TechnologyGardens Point CampusPO Box 2434Brisbane 4001Queensland, Aust.Tel: +61-7-3138 8386Email [email protected]

RAS/5/046 Novel Applications of Food Irradiation Technology for Improving Socio-economic Development

Mr. Peter LeachDepartment of Primary Industries and Fisheries P.O Box 652, Cairns, Queensland 4870Tel: +61-7-4044-1679Fax: +61-7- 4035-4832


mailto:[email protected]



Health Care Sector


RAS/6/029 Upgrading Nuclear Medicine Technologist Training.

Prof. Brian Hutton,Institute of Nuclear Medicine – UCL,University College, London Hospitals NHS Trust,235 Euston Road (T-5),London, NW1 2BU, UKTel: +44-20-7380 9392Fax: +44-20-7436 0603Email: [email protected]

RAS/6/033 Distance Education in Radiation Oncology.

Prof. Michael BartonCollaboration for Cancer Outcomes, Research and Evaluation, Liverpool Health Service, Locked bag 7103, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia Tel: +61-2-9828 6541 Fax: +61-2-9828-6670Email: [email protected]

RAS/6/038 Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training

Prof. John DrewInstitute of Medical Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Tel.: +61-2-9899-5631E-mail: [email protected]

RAS/6/042 Tumor Imaging using Radioisotopes.

Dr Graeme O’KeefeCentre for PETAustin HospitalHeidelberg, Victoria 3084, AustraliaTel: +61-3-9496-5767Fax: +61-3-9458-5023Email: [email protected]

RAS/6/048 Application of 3D conformal radiotherapy for predominant cancers in the RCA region.

A/Prof. Tom Shakespeare Director, Area Cancer Services, Director, North Coast Cancer Institute (NCCI). C/o NCCI@Coffs Harbour, Coffs Harbour Health Campus, Locked Bag 812, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, AustraliaTel: +61-2-6656 5125 Fax: +61-2-6656 5128 Email: [email protected]







Radiation Protection Sector


RAS/9/032 Radiological Emergency Response (RCA).

Mr. Brian HollandSafety and Radiation ServicesAustralian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO)PMB 1 Menai, NSW 2234, AustraliaTel: +61-2-9717-3542Fax: +61-2-9717-9266Email: [email protected]

RAS/9/042 Sustainability of Regional Radiation Protection Infrastructure.

Mr. David WoodsSafety and Radiation ServicesAustralian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO)PMB 1 Menai, NSW 2234, AustraliaTel: +61-2-9717-3578Fax: +61-2-9717-9266Email: [email protected]

Energy Sector


RAS/0/045 Formulation of Sustainable Energy Development Strategies under Framework of Climate Changes.

Dr. Deepak Sharma,Energy Planning and Policy Program, Faculty of Engineering,University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaTel: +61 2 9514 2422Fax: +61 2 9514 2633Email: [email protected]

Industry Sector


RAS/8/105 Improvement of production quality and safety in steel, petrochemical and civil industries using Advanced Industrial Radiography and Tomography Techniques.

Mr David Barnett,Australian Institute of Non-Destructive Testing P.O. Box 52, Parkville 3052Victoria, AustraliaTel.: +61-2-4271-3299Fax: +61-3-9326-7272Email: [email protected]





RAS/8/107 Intensification of Productivity in Coal, Minerals and Petrochemical Industries using Nucleonic Analysis Systems (NAS) and Radiotracers.

Dr Jacek CharbucinskiCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)Exploration and Mining DivisionP.O. Box 883, Kenmore, Queensland 4069, AustraliaTel: +61-7-3212-4625 +61-3-9555-9804Fax: +61-7-3212-4455Email: [email protected] &[email protected]

Environment Sector


RAS/7/013 Improved Information about Urban Air Quality Management in the RCA Region.

Dr. David Cohen,Institute for Environmental Research,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234Tel: +61-2-9717 3042Fax: +61-2-9717 3259Email: [email protected]

RAS/7/015 Characterization and source identification of Air Particulate Pollution in the Asian Region and its trans-boundary, visibility, climate change, and health impacts and consequences.

Dr. David Cohen,Institute for Environmental Research,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234Tel: +61-2-9717 3042Fax: +61-2-9717 3259Email: [email protected]

RAS/7/016 Establishing a benchmark for assessing the radiological impact of nuclear power activities on the marine environment in the Asia-Pacific region.

Mr Ron SzymczakInstitute for Environmental Research,Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO), PMB 1 Menai, NSW 2234 Tel.: +61-2-9717-9221Fax: +61-2-9717-9260 Email: [email protected]

RAS/8/095 Improving Regional Capacity for Assessment, Planning, and Response to Aquatic Environmental Emergencies








RAS/8/104 Assessment of trends in freshwater quality using environmental isotopes and chemical techniques for improved resource management.

Mr John TwiningInstitute for Environmental Research,Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO), PMB 1 Menai, NSW 2234 Tel.: +61-2-9717-3060Fax: +61-2-9717-9260 Email: [email protected]

RCA-UNDP Project on Post-Tsunami Environmental Impact Assessment


TCDC


RAS/0/048 Management of TCDC Dr. John EaseyExecutive DivisionAustralian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation (ANSTO), PMB 1 Menai, NSW 2234 Tel: +61(2) 9717 3649Fax: +61(2) 9717 9108





Annual Report 2007 – China

Promotion Nuclear Medicine in China through the RCA project

of Tumor Imaging using Radioisotopes.(RAS6/042)

1. Background:

The advantages of Nuclear Medicine are well established world-wide. Nuclear Medicine

techniques are non-invasive and provide an added feature of physiologic, metabolic and

molecular information. They are likewise cost- effective and hence should be integrated into

the present health care system of Asia. Nuclear medicine in China has also been well

established since the late of 1950’s and applied in the areas of: cardiovascular disease, cancer,

diabetes mellitus, malnutrition and infection. Cancer is the second or first leading cause of the

death in China , lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women in particular., therefore it is

the most important area of using nuclear medicine techniques.

PET/CT is newly developed technique of nuclear medicine in the area of medical image

which is a good complementary of PET and CT with anatomical display by CT and metabolic

presentation by PET. PET/CT provides accurate lesion localization and good delineation of

structure, therefore significantly improved accuracy of lesion localization, qualitative and

quantitative analysis of lung cancer.

PET /CT procedures are complex to start with and need a well-defined team work. In

Asia there are several Countries which have fully operational PET/CT facilities or planning to

install them in near future. China currently has 100 PET and PET/CT, but we still need share

experiences with RCA member states and send participants to take part in RCA regional

training courses on PET and PET/CT.

Sentinel Lymph Node Detection (SLND) with SPECT radionuclide imaging or γ- probe

counting is a new technique for detecting metastasis of breast cancer. China has not only

started using this technique but also accumulated some experiences. There are more 30

centers in China have carried out sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer. In national

training course of breast cancer SLND are routinely included. China can provides techniques,

radiophamarceuticals and γ- probe for SLND in breast cancer for RCA project of RAS 6/0/42

on tumor image using radioisotopes.

In conclusion China not only want to benefit from RCA project of RAS 6/0/42 but also

shares and contributes some nuclear techniques with other RCA member states.

2. Rationale of the national project

(1) Cancer is the second or leading cause of the death in China and many efforts have

been paid to find positive solution for the management of cancer. (2) Nuclear medicine plays

important role in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the cancer, especially in tumor

imaging using radioisotopes techniques. (3) Nuclear medicine in China has been well

established since the late of 1950’s, but many techniques and methods should be standardized

and harmonized through RCA project of tumor imaging using radioisotopes. (4) New

techniques of nuclear medicine such as SPECT/CT, PET/CT and Sentinel Lymph Node

Detection (SLND) in breast cancer should be introduced.

2. Overall Objective:

To improve the management of cancer patients by transferring radionuclide imaging

techniques of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron

emission computed tomography (PET) for cancer detection and monitoring the efficacies

of therapies.

To train the specialists of nuclear medicine and introduce new techniques in clinical

application of cancer management such as SPECT, PET/CT and SLND in breast cancer.

3. Specific Objectives： 1). To improve standards and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment in cancer management by

using nuclear medicine techniques in China through RCA project of RAS 6/0/42 on tumor

imaging using radioisotopes.

2) To train more nuclear medicine specialist and surgeon to implement Sentinel Lymph

Node Detection ( SNND ) in breast cancer and transfer this technique to RCA member

states.

3) To promote clinical application of PET, PET/CT in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

4) To standardize and harmonize the methods and techniques of tumor imaging using

both SPECT and PET through QA and QC program.

4. Participating Centers

1) Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing

2) Union Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing

3) Beijing Hospital in Beijing

4) Great Wall Hospital in Beijing

5) HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University in Shanghai

6) The First Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University in Xian

5. Expected Outputs

1) .Complete the regional survey of nuclear medicine in Beijing including the studies of

the tumour imaging using radioisotopes.

2)．Run seven national training courses on tumor imaging and PET and PET/CT.

3). Work out a guideline document for routine whole body bone scan

4).Complete acceptance test for 7 PET/CT and annual test for 10 SPECT based on

NEMA 2001 version.

6. Expected Outcome：1).Chinese nuclear medicine specialists and scientists take part in the regional training

courses of the project RAS 6/0/42 and benefit from the training course. The training materials

and experiences of RCA RAS 6/0/42 regional training course on PET will be used to improve

the quality and accuracy of clinical application in some Chinese nuclear medicine centers.

2).The regional training course on Sentinel Lymph Node Detection been hosted by China

will promote the national application of SLND in the management of breast cancer.

Quality assurance and quality control in nuclear medicine in China will be strengthened

through RCA project 6/0/42 on tumor imaging using radioisotopes.

7. National Workplan

1) Planning Meeting of RAS 6/0/42, April, 2005 in Japan, completed

2) Set up work tem, June,2005, completed

3) National training course on PET and molecular image, Oct. 2005, in

Chongqing, 130 Chinese nuclear medicine participants, completed

4) National training course on PET/CT , Nov. 2005 in Shanghai, 70 Chinese

participants, completed

5) RCA regional training course on sentinel lymph node detection in breast

cancer, April 2006, in Beijing ,23 participants from RCA member states,

completed.

6) National training course on breast cancer ,May 2005, in Beijing , 150

participants, completed

7) National training course on advanced PET/CT for physician, Nov. 2006, in

Shanghai, 45 Chinese Participants, completed.

8) Set up Beijing Nuclear Medicine Center for Quality Control and

Improvement.

April 2006, in Beijing, completed

9) Mid-Term Review Meeting of RAS 6/0/42, April, 2007, in Honai,

complted

10) National training course on quality control of tumor imaging for nuclear

medicine technologists, Sep. 2007, in Beijing , 65 Chinese participants,

completed.

11) National training course on PET/CT, Oct. 2007, in Beijing,50 Chinese

participants, completed.

12) National training course on quality control and management of nuclear

medicine for directors of the department of nuclear medicine, Nov. 2007,

in Shanghai, 100 Chinese participants, completed.

13) Final Review Meeting of RAS 6/0/42 Mar 2008, in Japan, in progress.

8. Results:

1).Nine Chinese nuclear medicine specialists and scientists have taken part in the regional

training courses of the project RAS 6/0/42 and benefit from the training course. The training

materials and experiences of the regional training course on PET were very useful and have

been used to improve the accuracy and standards of clinical application of PET and PET/CT.

Most of the participants have given the lectures on the national training course.

2).The regional training course on Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in breast cancer was

hosted by China in April of 2006 in Beijing. The training course was very successful and

productive. 23 specialists of nuclear medicine and surgeons in RCA member states were

taken part in the training course and benefit from the training course in clinical application of

SLND in the management of breast cancer.

3). Seven national training courses on tumor imaging by SPECT, SPECT/CT and PET,

PET/CT were hosted and 610 Chinese participants have taken part in the training courses.

4).Quality assurance and quality control of nuclear medicine in China, especially in

SPECT and PET/CT instrumentation have been strengthened. 5 SPECT and 10 PET/CT have

been passed national certificate examination by acceptance test or routing quality control ,

and all performance specifications have matched manufacture standards.

9. Conclusion:

RCA project of RAS 6/0/42 has been successfully completed within three years in China.

Nine Chinese nuclear medicine specialists have taken part in the regional training courses

under the project of RAS 6/0/42 and given the positive feedback to the national training

course and their own centers of nuclear medicine. One RTC training course on SLND in

breast cancer and seven national training courses on tumor imaging using radioisotopes were

successfully hosted in China. 23 participants from RCA member states and 610 participants

from China have taken part in the training courses.

10. Recommendations； Recommendation from china

1). All participants who take part in RTC training course should come from nuclear

medicine community and relevant department.

2) For SLN detection in breast cancer two technical points should be taken into account :

breast cancer surgery centre and Gamma probe equipment.

3) Image Quality is important indicator for tumor image which should be included in the

new RAS project for QA and QC of PET and PET/CT

4) IAEA should rely on more lectures and experts from RCA member states to participate

in RCA project training courses and expert mission.

Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and

Tomography Techniques (RAS/8/105)

1. Initiation of the Project

In January 12, 2007, during the annual “RCA in China” Conference, Mr. Zheng,

the National RCA Representative, announced the initiation of Project RAS/8/105.

Mr. Ye Chen (NNC) was assigned as National Coordinator of this Project.

The Project Team was nominated by the National Coordinator, and approved by

CAEA.

2. The Project Team

a) Team Leader

Ye Chen (NNC)

b) Team Members:

The Project Team includes major non-destructive testing institutions of nuclear

industry in China:

Nuclear Non-destructive Testing Centre (Shanghai)

Research Institute of Nuclear Power Operation (Wuhan)

Nuclear Power Institute of China (Chengdu)

3. Progress in 2007-2008

a) Promotion of ISO9712:2005

The Official Release of ISO9712-2005 Chinese Version is published. With

cooperation of the National Standard Administration and Chinese Society of Non-

destructive Testing, the process of revision of the national standard GB9445 is started

and in progress.

National Certifying Bodies have set up their quality management system, and

some of them have already achieved the accreditation to ISO17025.

b) Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and

Tomography Techniques

The revision of NDT Qualification and Examination Outline and training

materials to add introduction of above-mentioned techniques is completed.

In October 2007, the Forum on Introduction Digital Radiography to the Training

System is held in Shanghai. The Certifying Bodies like DiNDT and CQCN are

preparing their training material and facilities for the digital radiography.

c) Other NDT Issues

i. The public information system of the Certifying Body in nuclear

industry (CQCN) is in progress and scheduled to be complete before

August 2008.

ii. The discussion between IAEA and CAEA on Joint Research Centre of

Non-destructive Testing in Nuclear Power Plants is started and in

progress.

RCA Annual Report 2007 - India

India extended its active support and made significant contributions for the successful

implementation of the RCA programmes. A brief review of the progress of the RCA

programmes in the year 2007 with specific reference to Indian activities is presented here.

India hosted four RCA regional events, provided four experts in the field of human health

and radiation processing applications and another expert as faculty to deliver lecture in the

field of human health under the RCA programme. 4 RCA events hosted by India are:

1) IAEA-RCA Project final review meeting on Mutant Multi-location trails & mutation enhancements of genetic diversity (RAS/5/040), 15-19 January, 2007, Mumbai.

2) IAEA/RCA Project Planning Meeting on "Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and Tomography Techniques" (RAS/8/105), 2-6 July 2007, Goa.

3) IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course for Radiotherapy Technologists based on the IAEA Syllabus”(RAS/6/040), 20-24 August, 2007, Mumbai

4) IAEA/RCA Project Planning Meeting on "Characterization and Source Identification of Particulate Air Pollution in the Asia Region" (RAS/7/015), Goa, India, 21-25 August, 2007.

A brief outline of national activities under various RCA thematic sectors is given below.

Energy & Research Reactors

The National Project Coordinator and a Team Member attended the Technical Meeting on

“Irradiation Technology” held at Dhaka during May 13 – 15, 2007. India has already

developed the necessary facilities for neutron transmutation doping (NTD) of silicon. The

irradiation technology, specification for the NTD silicon including irradiation parameters,

various methodologies for ensuring homogeneity during irradiation, post irradiation heat

treatment and decontamination techniques have been worked out for the reactor Cirus.

The National Project Team is working towards modifying and finalizing the design for

NTD trial production in the research reactor Dhruva. Experience with the NTD trials

carried out in India was shared with the participants in the project from other RCA

Member States. The IAEA-RCA RR projects RAS /4/026 (2007-2008) on Adding Value

to Materials through Irradiation with Neutrons is being followed up with firm

commitment for application in our research reactors.

Agriculture

Field experiments were conducted at Crop Research Centre of G.B.Pant University of

Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 2005-06 and 2006-2007. Application of

25.0 kg ZnSO4 /ha alone increased the grain yield of rice by 24.26 and 56.3% over control

during 2005-2006 and 2006-07. Among different combination of ZnSO4 doses applied and

cyclic incorporation of varying levels of cereal straw, the highest rice grain yield was

observed under 1.5 t straw incorporation/ha + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha.

In the 2nd year (2006-07) the treatment combination 6 t straw/ha + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha gave

the highest wheat grain yield which was 22.2% higher over the control. Application of

ZnSO4 alone or in combination with different rates of cereal straw incorporation increased

the concentration of Zn in flag leaf, grain and straw of rice. The effect was more

pronounced in combination where 1.5 t wheat straw + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha was used.

Soil pH values after two crop cycles were not significantly influenced by application of

varying levels of straw incorporation and zinc sulphate application.

Soil organic C content after two crop cycles appeared to be more influenced by the levels

of total crop biomass production rather than the quantity of straw incorporated and the

highest accumulation of soil organic matter was recorded in treatment receiving

incorporation of 1.5 t straw + application of 25.0 kg ZnSO4/ha.

Highest level of available N (alkaline KMnO4 hydrolyzable N) in soil after two crop

cycles was recorded in treatment receiving incorporation of 6.0 t straw + application of

6.25 kg ZnSO4/ha which was at par with the treatment receiving incorporation of 1.5 t

straw + application of 25.0 kg ZnSO4/ha. Highest level of available P (Olsen’s P) in soil

after two crop cycles was recorded in treatment receiving incorporation of 3.0 t straw/ha.

Highest level of available K (1 N ammonium acetate extractable K) in soil after two crop

cycles was recorded in treatment receiving incorporation of 1.5 t straw + application of

12.5 kg ZnSO4/ha. Highest level of available (DTPA extractable) micronutrient cations

(Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) after two crop cycles was noted in treatment receiving incorporation

of 3.0 t straw + application of 25.0 kg ZnSO4/ha. Sequential extraction of different

chemical pools of soil Zn after two crop cycles indicated that incorporation of low

quantity (1.5 t/ha) of cereal straw + application of 25.0 kg ZnSO4/ha encouraged build up

of readily available water soluble + exchangeable (F1), organically bound (F3) and

reducible (sesquioxides bound, F4 fraction) of Zn in soil. Incorporation of high quantity

(6.0 t/ha) of cereal straw caused immobilization of readily available water soluble +

exchangeable (F1) but encouraged build up of organically bound (F3) and reducible

(sesquioxides bound, F4fraction) of Zn in soil besides allowing less incorporation of Zn

into non-reversible residual (F5) fraction.

Thus, cyclic incorporation of low quantities (1.5 t/ha) of cereal straw along with

application of recommended dose of Zn (25 kg ZnSO4/ha) in rice-wheat rotation gives

higher grain yields, better availability of applied Zn fertilizer and favourable effect on

accumulation of organic matter in soil and build up of other available primary nutrients

(N, P and K) in soil.

Health

The Department of Radiation Oncology has been actively involved in the IAEA / RCA

activities. IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on Radiotherapy Technologist on the

IAEA syllabus was organised from 20 to 24 August 2007. During the visit of Director

General IAEA, the “Bhabhatron Teletherapy Machine” was handed over to IAEA” under

the PACT Program” on 9th October 2007. The National Project Coordinator was invited

as teacher for IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on Carcinoma Cervix held at Japan

from 10 to 14 September 2007.

The national project team members attended IAEA RTC on “3D Conformal Radiotherapy

and Quality Assurance (Imaging and Treatment Planning) for Radiation Oncologist”

during 20-24 August 2007 and IAEA/RCA RTC on Optimal Management of Locally

Advanced Cervical Cancer during 10–14 September 2007 held at Japan.

Industry

India has carried out a number of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) shielding integrity

investigations on concrete and composite materials. A radiography exposure device with

100 Ci Cobalt – 60 source was designed and developed. The unit is type approved by

competent National Authorities and is under operation. Six training courses on

Radiography Testing level- 2, as per ISO 9712 were conducted. More than 210 candidates

were trained and certified. Eight training courses on Radiography Testing Level – 1 were

also conducted and about 300 candidates were certified during the last 2 years.

Participants from India in the first IAEA/RCA project planning meeting of RAS/8/106 on

Radiation Processing Applications for Health and the Environment held during 23 – 27

April 2007 at Thailand discussed and accepted the work plan of RAS/8/106. Thecore

activities to be undertaken include:

Sewage sludge irradiation for producing pathogen free suitable nutrient rich soil conditioner

Radiation grafted, cross linked and synthesized matrices for uptake of metal ions from aqueous bodies.

Hydrogels for wound and burn dressing. Antibacterial cellulose fibre for health applications In-situ radiation curing of modified nano-composites with epoxy/urethane

acrylates.

Four team members have attended the training course/workshop held on different topics at

Phillipines (09-13 July 2007), Malaysia (6-10 Aug. 2007) and Vietnam (Oct. 22-26,

2007).

A training programme on Industrial Digital Radiography & Computed Tomography conducted in Mumbai, India

A prototype 100 Ci Cobalt exposure device developed for some specific applications

Environment

Sampling of air particulate matter in two size fractions (PM10-2.5 m and PM<2.5 m) has been

carried out using Gent’s air sampler at two sampling locations and about 400 filter

samples have been collected. Daily concentration trends of particulate matter in PM 10-2.5 m

and PM<2.5m size fractions is presented in Fig.1.

Fig.1: Daily Concentrations of PM10-2.5m and PM<2.5m at Vashi site during 2007

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The collected air particulate samples on the nucleopore polycarbonate filter papers were

analysed for trace elements using nuclear analytical techniques (viz. PIXE, NAA and

EDXRF). The average concentration levels of various trace elements analyzed in PM2.5-

10m collected with their range are presented in Fig.2.

A picture showing Control Area of a dedicated DR&VCT Laboratory being setup

An inside view of DR&VCT laboratory. Picture shows a six-axis manipulator, X-ray tube head and an aSi 2D detector

Fig.2 : PM2.5-10m Elemental Concentrations at Vashi

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Radiation Protection

The training material for Radiation Oncology Medical Physicists (ROMPs) was

developed by an Expert Steering Committee (comprising members of different countries

including India) and an in-service clinical training program has been developed which is

competency based, modular in design adaptable to local needs. The guidelines for using

the training material and a scheme for assessment of the trainee ROMP have also been

prepared. Indian project team provided important input in the development of this training

material and the assessment scheme.

the implementation of the programme which was accepted by all the members.

The national project team of RAS/6/038 is working out the material, programme and

assessment scheme for the six months clinical training of the medical physicists as per

national requirement in association with the Coordination Committee for Radiological

Sciences Programme of HBNI. The material, programme and assessment scheme so

developed will be circulated to potential training centres and all the universities of the

countries conducting Medical Physics courses. A formal request to make the clinical

training a mandatory component of the Masters Degree Programmes in Medical Physics

of all the Universities made to the National Authorities has been accepted.

RCA annual report 2007 -Indonesia

RCA annual report2007

1. PROJECT TITLE : Sustainable Land Use and Management Strategies For Controlling Soil Erosion and Improving Soil and

Water Quality (RAS/5/043)

2. PROJECT COUNTERPART : Barokah Aliyanta

3. ACTIVITIES : Regional :

-Participated on the Mid term Review Meeting held in Beijing-China from 22-26 January 2007.-Accepted IAEA expert mission of Prof. DR. Yong Li, 18-22 June 2007.

National : In order to accelerate the use of isotope technique to the end user or stakeholder, we had

organized one day seminar on 21 June 2007 in collaboration between Centre for Application of Isotopes and Radiation Technology – BATAN with Bureau of Forestry of Nganjuk local Government. The venue of seminar was meeting room belong to the local government of Nganjuk, East Java (about 900 km from Jakarta). The main lecture was Prof. DR. Yong Li as a keynote speaker. The Seminar was participated by several institutions. After lecture session, the warm discussion among the participants and keynote speaker held in enthusiast and warmly.

With accompanied and guidance of expert, we have also taken soil samples as recommended during the mid term review meeting. The numbers of soil sample was taken at the location that it considerate as a reference site and the other as a field sloping transect that needed to assess impact of land use to the activity of Cs-137, Pb-210 excess as well as soil quality parameters. Until now, the measurement of Cs-137 and Pb-210 excess have already finished for reference site at the primary forest both profile and core, the other measurement of soil samples is going on.

Activities in taking of soil samples at the primary forest for profile and core, and at the cultivated land since 1976 for core soil sampling.

4. OUTPUTS: A. Depth profile of Cs-137 at the reference site on the 1st and 2nd soil sampling campaign

Depth profile of Cs-137 taken from 1st soil sampling campaign (2006) With mean = (250 ± 50) Bq/m2 , consist of 1 scrap and 10 cores

Depth profile of Cs-137 taken from 2nd soil sampling campaign (2007) With mean inventory = (92 ± 13) Bq/m2 , consist of 1 scrap and 10 cores

B. Depth profile of Pb-210 excess at the reference site on the 1st soil sampling campaign Depth profile of the 1st soil sampling campaign had not be done, except for cores only with mean inventory = (2775 ± 250) Bq/m2 , consist of 15 cores.

Depth profile of Pb-210 excess taken from 2nd soil sampling campaign (2007)

With mean inventory = (5872 ± 1599) Bq/m2 , consist of 1 scrap and 10 cores

From the above figure can be shown the depth interval of 0-6 cm is probably caused by deposition from upper land at surrounding area. Such figure is also obviously observed for Cs-137 inventory profile.US, MS, DS are mixed of soil sample from 2, 3 and 2 soil cores, respectively.1,2,3 are mixed from 0-10 cm, 10-20cm and 20-30 cm depth interval.

5. OUTCOMESFrom the temporary data obtained showed that the fraction of sand at the reference site (RS1 and RS2) has lower value than more eroded area, namely RS3 and TS. It means the erosion process taking place and started from finer particles.Other important result is the inventory of Pb-210 excess has much higher value than Cs-137. It means that Pb-210 excess method has a great potential to be used in the high rainfall region such as the Nganjuk area, even though that from reference site profile could not be described such as expected before.

6. PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION;The main problem after conducted second soil sampling campaign is the contrary result of reference inventory value of 1st and 2nd campaign both for Cs-137 and Pb-210 excess. The Cs-137 inventory is higher on the 1st sampling, but the Pb-210 excess is lower. It is very difficult to understand what the mechanism of soil redistribution process look likes. The other problem is related to the low activity of Cs-137 in soil sample at the investigated area, so we always doubt with data result, even though we applied to use the data from Yong Li’s Laboratory for the secondary standard. To overcome and to make confirm data result we need to send/to measure some soil sample from the expected area to be a reference site to other BATAN facilities or to China.

7. FUTURE PLANThe first priority is to finish the scheduled work plan to measure the remaining soil sample , namely for analyzing both Cs-137 and Pb-210 excess . Continuing to collect the secondary data related to the agriculture production for the last 10 years. To find and collect information dealing with historically land use for location those are expected to be a reference site. We are going to finalize

the problem of value of reference inventory both Cs-137 and Pb-210. It values is needed for us to calculate the erosion rate based on both inventories. With completed data such as secondary, Cs-137 and Pb-210 data; we can continue to assess soil erosion rate-soil quality parameters.

RCA ANNUAL REPORT2007

1. PROJECT TITLE : Improvement of Crop Quality and Stress Tolerance for Sustainable Crop Production Using Mutation Techniques and Biotechnology (RAS5/045)

2. PROJECT COUNTERPART :

Soeranto Human

National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)

Jl. Cinere Pasar Jumat, Jakarta 12070, IndonesiaTel: +62-21-7690709, Fax: +62-21-7691607e-mail: [email protected]

3. ACTIVITIES : Induced mutations using Gamma irradiation and ion-beam have been conducted in

order to increase sorghum genetic variability. Gamma irradiation was done at BATAN Indonesia, while ion-beam was done at Tiara and Riken ion-beam facilities in Japan (under FNCA framework).

Some promising drought tolerant mutant lines have been resulted from previous Gamma irradiation treatments. These promising lines are being included in the national multi location trials.

Some sorghum breeding materials (including the mutants) are being screened for acid soil tolerance in Lampung Province.

Some promising sorghum mutants have been analyzed for quality and physical properties of their starch.

4. OUTPUTS : Sorghum mutant line ZH-30 has been identified to be ideal for alternative food

or to be used in food industry. Its starch properties and quality has been analyzed.

Sorghum mutant line ZH-30 (growing season 2007).

Starch property of mutant ZH-30 (ideal for food industry).

5. OUTCOMES : Some farmers and private companies are now interested in growing and evaluating

the promising mutant lines of sorghum.

6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION : Sorghum is still regarded as minor crop so that budget for research is very limited

compared to that of major crops. The proper growing season is now difficult to predict. Expected sorghum harvest in

dry season was entirely destroyed by heavy rains, causing reduced grain quality.

7. FUTURE PLAN : Preparing data and documents for submission of official releases to the Ministry of

Agriculture. National Seminar on sorghum research and development especially in relation to the

optimal use of marginal land. Expert mission on sorghum breeding is required in July or August 2008 as it has been

proposed to IAEA during IAEA/RCA meeting (RAS/5/045 Project) in Kuala Lumpur 2006.

1. PROJECT TITLE : Characterization and Source Identification of Particulate AirPollution in the Asian Region (RAS/7/015)

2. PROJECT COUNTERPART : Dr. Muhayatun Santoso

3. ACTIVITIES :

- Collecting APM samples both PM2.5 and PM10 at two sites in Bandung and Lembangarea twice a week (total 103 pairs of filters for Bandung area and 102 pairs of filters forLembang area)- Determination of APM masses using gravimetric methods for PM pollution and EELsmoke Stain Reflectometer for black carbon determination in the fine fraction- INAA in elemental analysis for coarse filter of 2004 and 2005 for Bandung and Lembang- Maintenance of national data base with timely submission of data to the data coordinator.- Maintenance on implementing ISO 17025:2005 for this project.- Development of NAA methodology based on K0 method for multi-element analysis- Participating on national and international seminar to disseminate the informationgenerated through this work- Collaboration with the end-user especially to assist the local authorities to developcontrol strategies for improving the air quality management

Other related activities1. Preparing the data for contributing and participating in meeting of making handbook of“Status of Indonesian Environment 2006” (February – April 2007).2. In May, 2007 our laboratory got surveillance for maintaining the accreditation in implementing ISO/IEC 17025: 2005 with the scope accreditation on analysis of airborne particulate matter using neutron activation analysis.3. Collaborating with other academic institution (ITB Bandung Institute of Technology, etc) for several research including assistances of graduate course student4. Attending one day workshop of Jakarta Environmental Protection Agency for making draft and policy of environmental management in Jakarta. (Enhance the collaborationwith end users)5. Attending the Conference of the Project Counterparts and End-Users and Progress Assessment Meeting, 26 – 30 March 20076. RCA Regional Training Course on “Harmonization of Data and Source Components,’ Philippines, May 21-25 20077. Disseminate Symposium on Nuclear Analytical Techniques Application on Air Pollution Studies, to ADB (as representative from Asean countries : Indonesia and Philippina) in Manila, Philippines, May, 20078. Expert mission of Prof Philip K Hopke, July 16-20, 2007 and as key note speaker in National Seminar on July 17-18,20079. One day workshop in Ministry of Environment of Indonesia with Prof Hopke as main contributor speaker with topics “ Introduction of Air Quality Management in the UnitedStates” and discussion about the environmental regulations on July 19, 2007

10. Disseminating the result of the RAS project on national seminar in 2 presentations of papers:“CHARACTERISTIC OF BLACK CARBON IN FINE PARTICULATE MATTER AT BANDUNGAND LEMBANG SITES 2004 – 2005” and “AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATION OF PM2,5 ANDPM10 IN BANDUNG AND LEMBANG IN 2000 – 2006

11. Submitting an abstract papers to international conference : Modern Trend ActivationAnalysis – MTAA12, Japan (accepted as oral presentation) and IAEA International conference on research reactor, Sydney (accepted as poster). Both are could not be attended due to the constraints of resource)

12. Publish international paper to journal Science of Total Environmental, “Sources identification of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban areas in Indonesia byPositive Matrix Factorization” (revision submitted)13. Participating in Project Planning Meeting in August 20-25, 2007 Goa, India.

4. OUTPUTS :- High quality long term national databases- Highly competent staff for using receptor model, back trajectory for identification of source apportionment.- Published papers about the nuclear analytical techniques related to air quality monitoring and the project results in national and international seminar/workshop.- Comprehensive understanding and knowledge of air pollution sources, receptor modelling which used in holding national seminars, training programme and contributing in local and national project or government as decision makers for air quality policy.5. OUTCOMES :- Utilization of research reactor in nuclear technique (Neutron Activation Analysis) for characterization of airborne particulate matter with high sensitivity, multi-elemental and non destructive sample analysis.- Utilization the output of this project for contributing to government, academic, NGO and others which can be used to develop better understanding about air pollution and air quality improvement strategies.6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION:Reactor TRIGA 2000 Bandung is still under maintenance. Therefore, in 2007 we could not accomplish the sample analysis using Neutron Activation Analysis. To overcome the problem and also complementing the technique analysis, we plan to have other analysis equipment (XRF) in the near future.

7. FUTURE PLAN :- Building more comprehensive collaboration with other end users such as local government for utilizing the expertise or skilled staff in local project related to air quality improvement.- Propose to have XRF equipment for complementing the technique analysis and also to overcome disadvantage/limitation of NAA method.

RCA ANNUAL REPORT

2007

1. PROJECT TITLE : Consolidation of Radiation Processing

Applications for Health and Environment

2. PROJECT COUNTERPART : Darmawan Darwis

3. ACTIVITIES :

a. Research activities

1) Toxicity evaluation of PVP-based Hydrogels Wound Dressing

Biological evaluation of medical devices should be carried out in order to determine if

there are any leachable toxic substances in the devices which might have an adverse

effect on the health of patients. These could be monomers, degradation products,

leachable protein or products formed after the sterilization process. According to

International Organization for Standardization (ISO 10993: Standard on the biological

evaluation of medical devices), Hydrogel wound dressing can be categorized as surface

devices which contact duration to the skin between 24 h to 30 days. Based on this ISO,

there are three kinds of toxicity test should be performed: cytotoxicity test; sensitization

test and irritation test. Primary skin irritation test of PVP-based Hydrogel wound dressing

was conducted as per the modified Draize primary irritation test, while sensitization test

was evaluated using repeated-patch or Buehler method according to ISO 10993-10. A

group (n=5) of White rat Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) with average weight of 200 grams

was used for irritation and sensitization tests. For irritation test, the hydrogel membrane

with a size of 2 x 2 cm2 was applied to the back of rat which was previously clipped free

from hair with scissor and shaved. It was then covered with cotton gauze and sealed using

elastic adhesive bandage. Approximately 24, 48 and 72 h after application, animals were

examined for signs of irritation. The skin reactions were evaluated in accordance with the

following Draize method: (1) erythema and eschar formation: score 0, no erythema; score

1, very slight erythema; score 2 well-defined erythema; score 3, moderate to severe

erythema; score 4, severe erythema and slight eschar formation and (2) edema formation:

score 0, no edema; score 1, very slight edema; score 3, moderate edema; score 4, severe

edema. For skin sensitization test, the test consists of induction treatment followed by a

resting period of 14 days, which precedes the challenge treatments. In induction phase,

the hydrogel membrane with a size of 2 x 2 cm2 was applied to the back of rat which was

previously shaved for period of six hours. This procedure is repeated as many as three

times a week for three weeks. Following a two week rest, the animals are challenged by a

final exposure to a hydrogel.

Cytotoxicity test (In vitro method) of PVP-based hydrogel will be evaluated using

mammalian cells.

2). Synthesis and characterization of cellulose microbial hydrogel for tissue engineering

applications

Bone healing is of paramount importance following oral, maxillofacial orthopedic and plastic

surgery. In general, a major obstacle in bone healing and the formation of new bone involves

the rapid appearance of connective tissue. The present of connective tissue at the bone defect

area prevents osteogenesis. Consequently, incomplete healing, namely non-union, frequently

results. The principle of guided bone regeneration (GBR) was advance as a method of

preventing the appearance of connective tissue. GBR procedure needs membranes which act

as barrier to prevent fast growing soft tissue cells to the bone defect. Cellulose, the most

abundant component of plant cell, is found in nature almost exclusively in plant cell wall. It is

easily fabrication into variety of shape such as membrane, gel, and film and highly potential

to be used as membrane for GBR. It is synthesized by variety of organisms ranging from

multicellular and unicellular plant to bacteria. There are several genera of bacteria known to

synthesize cellulose, but only the Gram-negative Acetobacter xylinum species produce

sufficient amount of cellulose to warrant commercial interest. The cellulose produced by

bacteria is known as biocellulose or microbial cellulose.

In our experiment, Acetobacter xylinum was used as bacteria to synthesize cellulose pellicle.

Acetobacter xylinum was incubated in growth media comprised of nutrient such as cane sugar

(sucrose) ammonium sulfate (NH4) 2SO4 and coconut water under static condition at 30C.

To adjust acidity of media to a certain pH, acetic acid glacial was used. The cellulose pellicle

produced was made to the film using hot-press technique. Parameters affecting production of

microbial cellulose such as concentration of sucrose, ammonium sulfate, pH of medium

solution and incubation time were investigated. Several characteristic of cellulose microbial

film such as water absorption, thermal properties were also carried out.

(3). Hydroxiapatite-chitosan-PVA composites for bone substitute

Bone repair or regeneration is a common and complicated clinical problem in orthopedic

surgery. Every year, million of people are suffering from bone defects due to trauma, tumor

or bone diseases and of course several are dying due to insufficient of ideal bone substitute.

To restore the structure and function of bone, many solutions has been used in therapy and

research, including autografts, allografts, xenografts and other artificial substitutes. However

each of these solutions has its specific problems. Autografts needs secondary surgery to

procure donor bone from patient’s own body and the amount of donor is limited. Allogenic

and xenogenic bone substitutes bear the risk of infection and immune response. Artificial

substitute such as metals do not behave like true bone and they are hard to inosculate with

surrounding tissue. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the major constituent of the inorganic

component in bone and teeth. It can form a direct chemical bond with surrounding tissue and

is osteoconductive, non toxic, non inflammatory and non immunogenic. However, there are

some limitations in its usage because its brittleness makes it hard to shape. In specific

application such as irregular shape of bone defect, needs graft that can fill into entire of cavity

and it can only solved by using gel type of bone substitutes. We have prepared injectable bone

substitute made from HA-PVA-PVP-chitosan composite using radiation technique. HA was

prepared using wet method by reacting calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH)2 and phosphoric acid

(H3PO4) under controlled pH and temperature. Ammonium hydroxide solution was used to

control the pH reaction. Characteristics of synthetic HA analyzed by IR spectrometer, ESR

and titration methods have been conducted. HA-polymers composite gel was prepared by

gamma irradiation technique. Primary study on the effect of irradiation dose on gel fraction

and influence of scavenger such as ethanol and glycerol has been analyzed.

b. Participation in Regional Events

No Events Time and place Participants from Indonesia1 IAEA/RCA Regional Training

Course on the Promotion of Radiation Technology Utilization

Philippines, 9-13 July 2007

Mr. Darmawan Darwis

Mr. Basril Abbas

2 IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on of Radiation Processing for Basic and Medium Level Personnel

Malaysia, 6-10 August 2007

Farah Nurlidar

Lely Hardiningsih

3 IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on Nanotechnology

Islamabad, Pakistan 20 Oct. -2 November 2007

Yessy Warastuti

Mr. Sudaryanto

4. OUTPUTS

From the research activities in 2007, some experimental data have been obtained. From

irritation and sensitization test of PVP-based hydrogel, the results showed that none of

hydrogels gave erythema and eschar as well as edema formation as it was indicated by

score zero (0). In another word it can be said that PVP-based hydrogel wound dressing

did not show skin irritation or sensitization reactions. Production of microbial cellulose

pellicle was greatly affected by composition, pH and temperature of growth media of

Acetobacter xylinum. The optimum condition for production of microbial cellulose was

found to be at pH around 5 to 6, temperature of 30C, sucrose and ammonium sulfate

concentrations of 20% and 0.25% respectively. The optimum harvesting time is 6 to 8

days. The films of cellulose microbial prepared by pressing cellulose pellicle at 120 C

showed sufficiently high capacity of water absorption (130%), and good thermal stability.

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) which chemical formula Ca10(PO4) 6(OH) 2 was produced

using wet method by reacting calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH)2 and phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

under controlled pH and temperature. IR spectra of synthetic HA shows characteristic

bands of OH groups at 3400 cm-1, carbonate groups at 1420 and 870 cm-1, and phosphate

groups at 1050 cm-1. It was also found that calcium content in synthetic HA determined

by titration method is 34 – 35 %. Gel fraction of PVA-PVP-Chitosan gamma irradiated at

30 kGy is around 90%. Addition of methanol or glycerol as radical scavenger with

concentration up to 5% reduces gel content to become 31% and 80%.

5. OUTCOMES

The research on the application of radiation processing to produce biomaterials to be used

in medical applications such as wound dressing, GBR membrane, HA-polymers

composites bone substitute seems promising as an alternative way to overcome problems

faced in the fields of orthopedic surgery, periodontal and tissue engineering. Our

preliminary data show potential results for the application of radiation induced

polymeric/composites materials in medical fields.

:

6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED SUGGESTED SOLUTION :

In general there is no significant constrains faced for the activities conducted in 2007

except the difficulties to find mouse fibroblast cell for citotoxycity analysis of hydrogel.

To overcome this problem we collaborated with Department of dentistry, University of

Indonesia to provide and conduct citotoxycity test of hydrogel using Human keratinocite

cell lines.

7. FUTURE PLAN

The future program is continuing research activities with focus program on:

1. Citotoxycity test of PVP based hydrogel wound dressing

2. Research on the effect of gamma radiation on physico-chemical and mechanical

properties of cellulose microbial for tissue engineering applications

3. Radiation synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite-PVA-PVP-chitosan gel

composite for bone substitute materials :

RCA ANNUAL REPORT2007

1. PROJECT TITLE : Raising Productivity in the Coal, Mineral and Petrochemical Industries by Using Nucleonic Analysis System and Radiotracer. RAS8/107

2. PROJECT COUNTERPART : Sugiharto

3. ACTIVITIES : Restricted to the activities period 2007, as follows

Implementation of tracer techniques. ( 1 activity)PT. PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) – one of the state own companies in energy

provider identified existing oil leakage from 150 kV underground electric cable which span 35 km from South to Middle of Jakarta. Fluid pressure that is read at each end of the cable stations dropped significantly indicating existing leakage along that line. It is almost 200 liters/day high quality electric oil has to be injected into the electric cable in order to prevent the cable from corrosion and severe damages. Radiotracer technique so called direct tracer method has been used to trace the location of leakage. In this method the ends of the cable are blinded therefore there are no material flows through these sections except the flow through point of leakage. At the cable junction section which is located almost at the middle of cable length, isotope I-131, in benzene solution, injected into the cable hole in the middle of cable cross section. Pressurized oil cable has been pumped for enabling the isotope goes into the cable. While the pressurized oil cable keeps in operation, the scintillation detectors that are placed at the left and right sides of the injection point will record radiation emitted from injected isotope that passing the detector. Through this method, the presence of isotopes can be traced and the location of the leakage can be identified.

Implementation of gamma scanning techniques. ( 1 activity)An abnormal operation, in term of raising temperature and pressure gradient, was

found in washing tower DA-101. The tower is 9 m diameter and 51 m height located in one of petrochemical complex. The structure of the tower contains two section of packed bed which filled with stainless steel pal-ring for washing the fluids. Although the tower was equipped with additional water-intake for reducing fluid temperature the tower is still operating above the normal temperature. Gamma scanning by utilization Co-60, activity 167 mCi, was implemented to obtain the troubling area. From scan data it is found that solidified layer was formed somewhere in top packing bed. Presence of the solidified layer may cause drier area beneath this layer.

Implementation of PGNAA (practical work - none)Activity in PGNAA during the period 2007 was restricted to (1) literature survey on

the application PGNAA method for coal and mineral analyses and (2) participation of group member in regional event under RAS program like the one that was held in Bangladesh last October. Basically the tracer group does not have representative laboratory to do research PGNAA in the center. However, successful in establishing gamma tomography encourage the tracer group to look at future activity on PGNAA. It is understood that the general question from end user is that what is the advantage could be drawn from implementation of nuclear techniques over the chemical ones in coal and mineral assaying. To realize the plan the group encourages end user to participate in the regional event like one that will be held in Pakistan next April 2008.

Improvement gamma tomography for pipe inspection (research/ laboratory work)Basic idea in establishing gamma tomography is that, gamma tomography could

present visual data rather than numerical or graphical data as one obtained from gamma scanning measurement. In this matter, the gamma tomography could be considered as an advanced improvement of gamma scanning technology. There is no ambiguity in interpreting the gamma tomography data because it is available in form of visual or picture that represents the object under investigation. Attention, however, has to be paid because the visual data obtained from gamma tomography no more than projection of scanned data into Cartesian coordinate system. As the consequence, the physical size of object under investigation might not be the same dimension as the dimension of real object; rather it is proportional to the size of real object. The prototype of the gamma tomography was started at the middle of the year 2006. This equipment can only be operated manually either for translation movement of the counting system and rotational movement of object under investigation. An attempt has been made to modify the prototype equipment. A great achievement is realized by introducing automatic mechanical control system to the gamma tomography equipment and equipped the instrument with computer program. The data presented in both the prototype and the modified equipment is still restricted to the two dimension data (2D). We are looking forward for possibility to present gamma tomography data in three dimensional (3D).

Table 1. Implementation RAS/8/108/ project during period 2007No Description Field work Research/ laboratory

work1 Radiotracer Leakage of 150 kV

underground electric cable along 35 km

--

2 Gamma scanning Scanning on tower DA-101, 9 m diameter, 51 m height

--

3 PGNAA -- Literature survey4 Gamma

Tomography --Improvement gamma tomo graphy equipment for pipe inspection

Participation in regional eventsNo Events Time and place Participants from

Indonesia 1 IAEA/RCA Technical Meeting on

New Development of Radiotracer and Sealed Sources Techniques

Colombo, Sri Lanka20 – 24 Aug 2007

Mr. Sigit Budi Santoso (BATAN)Mr. Hariyadi (PT. KPA)

2 IAEA/RCA RTC on In-situ Analysis of Coal Quality

Dakka, Bangladesh28 Oct – 1 Nop 2007

Mr. Wibisono (BATAN)

3 IAEA/RCA Technical Meeting on Marketing and Quality Management of Radiotracer and Sealed Source Techniques

Vienna, Autria12-16 Nop 2007

Mr. Kushartono (BATAN) Mr. Ferly Hermana (BATAN)

4. OUTPUTS :Knowledge gained from literature studies and interactions among the people of the member states for common interests encouraged us to develop automatic single-wire gamma apparatus and gamma tomography. Gamma tomography is considered as advanced development of gamma scanning because gamma tomography represents visual data (2D or 3D) which constructed from gamma scanning data. Some early experiments using gamma tomography equipment have been carried out in the laboratory with appreciable results in

form of image quality. This object-oriented technology promises to give better solution for material analyzing, and this technique can be as complement of radiotracer techniques for observation material flow in system under investigated. In addition to this, increasing improvement in skilled man-power and performance of equipment is dedicated to increase capacity building of the institution

5. OUTCOMES :Radiotracer and gamma scanning technology have been recognized by end users

either for routine inspection or instantaneous measurement. Implementation radiotracer and gamma scanning methods have given significant contribution mainly to investigate the problem-shooting in the system under investigated. Plant personnel are satisfied with the result of radiotracer and gamma scanning investigation and they gave us high mark for their appreciation. Unfortunately, until now the radiotracer and gamma scanning techniques are not involved yet in company’s maintenance schedule.

6. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTION :Activities in RAS/8/107 project is an integral part of the group activities in research

and development of radiotracer and gamma scanning technology. Main constraint in implementation of RAS project is that critical instrument/ equipment and instant isotopes are not always available when they are needed. Establishment of continuous and injector for high pressure can be manufactured in workshop or purchased from producers. Preservation of radioisotopes, however, is unable to be provided instantly because of dependence of it to nuclear reactor. Providing isotope generator is the best solution to minimize the problem.

7. FUTURE PLAN : Today’s achievement of gamma scanning and radiotracer technology may give little

contribution in solving to our national problems. Relatively simple problem could be solved by these technologies with appreciable results. Future’s problems could be more challenging that need skilled people and sophisticated technology to solve them. It is needed to think to increase national capability in term of human resources and infrastructures to guarantee the sustainable program in order to participate in accomplishing national problems. Following are the future plans that are proposed either for short term and long term planning.

Project on radiotracer technique will be continued with concentration on system of high pressure and fast flow as it found in gas transmission line.

Project on gamma tomography is continuously improved by equipped the gamma tomography equipment with automatic control system for mechanical controlling and provide computer software for data acquisition system.

Problem in multi-phase system that has not been understood comprehensively is nominated as a challenging problem. As the processing system are mostly in multi-phase character, the creation of appropriate software, such as Computed Fluid Mechanics (CFD) for solving problems in such system will gain our understanding of the system.

Participation in IAEA program will definitely be continued as many advantages could be obtained from this mutual program. Through the program and interaction among the member states one can get some useful information that will enrich our experiences.

Project on nucleonic analysis system, especially the utilization of PGNAA technology for mineral elemental analysis, has little progress. Cylindrical open tank for assaying coal sample is being constructed. It is hoped that potential end-users of mining industries would be involved in RAS/8/107 activities.

Requirement for certification for laboratory by implementation of ISO standards is now underway to study. Any assistance from the agency and/or the competence

ISO organization is coordinated. Customers in today’s activities prefer to create a project with certified company or certified technical provider.

Annual Report - Japan

Annual Report on RAS/8/106

National Project CoordinatorMasao Tamada

IAEA/RCA Project Planning Meeting of RAS/8/106 on “Radiation Processing Applications for Health and the Environment” was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 23 to 27 in April, 2007. Member states presented the achievement in products developed by radiation processing and their commercialization. The participants of the meeting have discussed the proposal of the joint project on radiation processing of natural polymers of RCA/FNCA”. In April, 2008, IAEA/RCA Mid-Term Progress Review Meeting of the RCA Project on Radiation Processing Applications for Health and the Environment (RAS/8/106) will be held in Philippines.

Annual Report on RAS9042

National Project CoordinatorToshikazu Suzuki

In fiscal year 2007, neither a training course nor a meeting was held in Japan.For the establishment of Asian ALARA Network which is the major activity in this project,

NIRS obtained the mutual agreement of cooperation with related sector representatives. Also, KINS (Korea) and NIRS have achieved to build a strong relationship in this field.

In 2008, the first workshop on Asian ALARA Network (named ARAN) will be held at NIRS in November.

Human HealthJapan participates in the projects of Human Health in RAS/6/029, RAS/6/038,

RAS/6/040, RAS/6/041, RAS/6/042, RAS/6/048; Japan is the project lead country of the RAS/6/040, RAS/6/042, RAS/6/048.

In RAS/6/038 (Strengthening Medical Physics through Education and Training), with the cooperation of the international exchange committee of Japan Society of Medical Physics, Japan continues its effort to contribute to the development of educational modules for medical physicists in the RCA region. In 2007, three experts have attended the Expert Steering Committee Meetings for the development of the education materials, and one participant have attended the Regional Training Courses held under the project.

In RAS/6/040 (Improvement in Quality of Radiotherapy for Frequent Cancers in the Region), Japan has hosted a Regional Training Course on Optimal Management of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences on September 10-14, 2007. Nineteen participants from 10 Member States have participated in the training course to be trained on the standard of radiotherapy practice for uterine cervical cancer. In order to promote the collaboration between RCA and FNCA, the protocol and the current results of FNCA clinical studies were introduced in the training course by FNCA Project Leader for Radiotherapy, Dr. Hirohiko Tsujii. Japan has sent one participant to another Regional Training Course for Radiotherapy Technologists based on IAEA Syllabus held in India on 20-24 August, 2007.

In RAS/6/042 (Tumor Imaging Using Radioisotopes), Project Mid-term Review Meeting was held in Vietnam with participation of 13 Member States in April, 2007. The Project Lead Country Coordinator, Dr. Shuji Tanada, participated in the Meeting from Japan, which

reviewed the progress of the Regional Training Courses held in the project and subsequent national activities in the Member States: new technologies of nuclear medicine were introduced in three Member States during the course of the project, and the total of 3,340 personnel were trained in the national training courses held by the participants of the Regional Training Courses. Japan will host the Final Project Review Meeting in March-April, 2008, and another project pertaining to the technology of positron emission tomography will continue as RAS/6/049, in which Japan will continue to contribute as a participating Member State.RAS/6/048 (Application of High-Precision 3D Conformal Radiotherapy for Predominant Cancers in the RCA Region) has commenced its activities of three years since 2007. The Project Planning Meeting was held in Singapore on 7-11 May, 2007 with the National Project Coordinators of 14 participating Member States. The Project Lead Country Coordinator, Dr. Takashi Nakano, and the Course Director of the first Regional Training Course, Dr. Takeshi Inoue attended the meeting from Japan. The current status of 3D conformal radiotherapy in each Member States was assessed, and the overall plan of the three years were discussed with the focus on the regional and national activities including the implementation of national training courses to be held in each Member State. Japan has hosted the first Regional Training Course on 3D Conformal Radiotherapy and QA (Imaging and Treatment Planning) for Radiation Oncologists at Osaka University on 9-13 July, 2007. Twenty participants from 10 Member States have participated in the training course to be trained on the imaging and treatment planning of the 3D conformal radiotherapy

Annual Report 2007 – New Zealand

RAS/9/042 Sustainability of Regional Radiation Protection Infrastructure

National Project Coordinator: Mr. James Turnbull

The National Project coordinator did not attend the mid-term meeting held in Sri Lanka in May, because of competing business at home. The NZL country report was presented on our behalf by the Project Lead Country Coordinator.

An outcome of that meeting was the Senior Regulators Meeting held in Vienna in October. Stuart Lillie (Team Leader, Regulatory Administration, Natiopnal Radiation Laboratory) attended on behalf of the National Project Coordinator.

Dr John Laban, National Radiation Laboratory, had been nominated to attend the Regional Meeting on ALARA and establishing a regional ALARA network, 3-5 December 2007, Republic of Korea, but the nomination was rejected by the IAEA.

RAS/7/015 Characterization and Source Identification or Particulate Air Pollution in the Asian Region

National Project Coordinator: Dr. Andreas Markwitz

The National Project team has published three papers in the Reviewed Proceedings of the 18th International Clean Air & Environment Conference and the 14th IUAPPA World Congress, Brisbane, Australia.

The project team has renewed collaboration with the Greater Wellington Regional Council as end-user. The end-user pays for the analysis.

Future plans: Meteorological and visibility data have been received from MetService New Zealand. Work has started on comparing visibility at Wellington airport and fine particulate matter at the Lower Hutt sampling site. First analyses reveal a good correlation. A GNS science report is in preparation. Key results will be submitted in February 2008 to the Clean Air Society Journal of New Zealand and Australia.

Annual Report 2007 - Vietnam

In 2007, Vietnam participated in almost all the RCA projects and through the

activities , the RCA projects not only contribute to the application of nuclear

techniques in the socio-economic development in the country and also make

contributions to the successful implementation of the RCA programme.

The two RCA events hosted by Country include:

RAS/6/042: Project-mid term progress review meeting, 16-20 April, 2007, Hanoi.

RAS/5/046: IAEA/RCA regional training course on electron beam application on fruits and frozen foods, 5-9 November 2007, Hochiminh City.

And under FNCA activities, the Worskhop on application of electron accelerator-radiation processing of natural polymers was organized in Hochiminh City from 22 - 26 October 2007 with the participation of a team expert mission under RAS 8.106

A brief outline of Project activities is given below:

RAS/0/045: Formulation of Sustainable Energy Development Strategies in the Context of Climate Change

- Three (03) participants participated in the Training course in KAERI, Daejon, Korea, November 2007. After attending the Training Course, they have reported National Coordinator and related people on the Training Course results and documents to the RAS/0/045. Based on the knowledge obtained from the Training Course, the participants and the project team have discussed to develop Vietnamese scenarios.

- Project Team can develop scenarios and use MESSAGE.

- Based on the Master Plan for Electricity Development up to 2015 and Outlook to 2030 approved by the Prime Minister of Viet Nam, the Project Team has developed several scenarios with considering the roles of nuclear power and another energy options, and currently carrying out studying such scenarios based on the MESSAGE computer Code.

RAS/4/026: Adding Value to Materials through Irradiation with Neutrons

Activities in 2007:

- Two participants attended the TM on Irradiation Technology and Project Planning Meeting (PPM), 13-17 May 2007, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

- 1 participant participated in RTC on Neutron Irradiation Technology, 4-15 June 2007, Serpong, Indonesia

- Carrying out some experiments on irradiation of stone samples with neutron in Dalat research reactor (4 containers with about 100 gram each) and irradiation with gamma in Co-60 irradiator in Ho Chi Minh city.

- Some preliminary results obtained.

Plan for the year 2008: - Continuing Neutron and gamma irradiation of gemstone- Will carry out Neutron and electron beam irradiation of gemstone.

RAS/5/046: Novel Applications of Food Irradiation Technology for ImprovingActivities in 2007:- Drafting protocols in technical aspects for irradiation of some typical fruits

such as mango, rambutan, dragon fruit for export purposes;- Organization of the IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on Electron Beam

Application on Fruits and Frozen Foods. Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam. 5 - 9 November 2007: 22 participants (03 Vietnameses and 19 participants from 10 countries in Asia and Pacific region); 04 lectures; 04 observers

Plan for 2008:- Implementation some experiments for irradiation of some fruits to get data

which will be used in writting irradiation protocols;- Asking IAEA for one expert experieced in export of irrdiation fruits to help

VINAGAMMA and other irradiation organizations to setting up irradiation protocols

- Installation of a EB accelerator for food and fruit irradiation at VINAGAMMA

RAS6041: Presentation of Osteoporosis and Promotion of Bone Mass in Asian Populations using a food-based approach:

Activities in 2007:

1- Survey on epidemiology of osteoporotic fracture in Vietnam Survey on

epidemiology of osteoporotic fracture in Vietnam : The survey has been carried out

among Men and women age from 18 years and above in 2 provinces and two cities:

Hanoi City, Ha Nam province, Ho Chi Minh City, and Kien Giang provinc with the

objectives:

- To estimate the prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic fractures in the general population of Vietnam- To determine the peak bone mass levels in Vietnamese men and women by DEXA method.

- To examine the distribution of, and association between, bone turnover markers

and bone mineral density at the population-level.

and the Indicators for assessment:

- Bone density by DEXA method. The sites of measurement: the lumbar spine,

and total hip

- Bone turnover markers: CTx, NTx, and (perhaps) osteocalcin, DNA...

- Anthropometric data: age, height and weight, BMI

- Physical activity: fives levels of activity based (Framingham Massachusette

Heart Study-Kannel 1979)

- Other lifestyle factors: smoking habit (pack-years), alcohol intake...

- History of medication.

2 - Determing calcium requirement in Vietnamese women by calcium balance method

The study was conducted in Viet Hung commune, Kim Thanh district, Hai Duong province. 14 subjects were recruited based on the following criteria:

- After 5 year of post- menopause - Main occupation is farmer - Without medication which might affect to calcium metabolism - Without any nutrient supplementation- Without any disease which affect to bone metabolism (eg. Kidney stone

disease, hyperthyrolism, Vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease- Without constipation, gastrointestinal disease- Normal BMI (18.5<BMI<25.0) - Having average Ca intake (345±100mg/d)- Non-smoker- Having less than 3 children

Guided menu of meal, food, basal diet were used for difference balance period of time between three months. Currently the necessary data has been completed and data analysis is on going.

Activities planned for 2008:

- Intervention study: effect of soy milk fortified calcium carbonate to improving bone density of children aged from 6-7 years in schools of Vietnam rural area (9 months)

RAS/6/042: Tumour Imaging Using Radioisotopes

Activities and accomplishment in 2007:

- Project Mid-Term Progress Review Meeting was held in Ha Noi – Viet Nam

in April, 2007

- 02 participants participated in the Training Course in Bangkok – Thailand

- 01 National Workshop on SPECT/CT and PET clinical applications was

organized in Ha noi with participation of approximately 100 participants.

- Improvement of database on applications of routine nuclear techniques on

oncology such as using I-131 in treatment of patients with differentiated

thyroid cancer, bone scan, Tc99m-MIBI in primary lung cancer patients,

mammoscintigraphy with Tc99m-MIBI … on patients with cancer.

- Experimenting with a home-made gamma probe and preparation for application of gamma probe on Sentinel Lymphnode Detection in clinical practice.

- Significant contribution to the Applications of SPECT/CT techniques and preparation for establishment of PET/cyclotron in Tran Hung Dao General Hospital and other hospital in Viet nam.

- Having a better understanding on nuclear medicine techniques in oncology.

Plan for 2008:

- Introduction of SPECT/CT and PET applications for management of patients

with cancer and preparation for establishement of PET/Cyclotron in Viet Nam

RAS/6/048: Application of High Precision 3D Radiotherapy for Predominant Cancers in the Region

Activities in 2007:

- Four participants (two Radiation Oncologists, two RTTs) have been trained in the

- Regional Training Courses (Osaka, Japan, July 2007 and Mumbai, India, August

- 2007) . Knowledge gained has been shared among the project team .

- A training Course on 3-D Conformal RT (one week) for Radiation Oncologists, Medical Physicists and Radiation Therapy Technologists was held at National Cancer Institute- NCI (K Hospital) in July, 2007.

- Some common cancer diseases like Head and Neck, Breast cancer are applied 3-D Conformal RT techniques routinely at NCI, Oncology Hospital (HCM City) and Cho Ray Hospital (HCM City).

Plan for the year 2008:

- Continuing routing application of 3-D conformal Techniques

- A National Workshop on 3-D Conformal RT is planned for the 3rd quarter of 2008

RAS/7/015: Characterization and Source Identification of Particulate Air Pollution in the Asian Region Activities and achievements in 2007:

- The project Coordinator attended the The Final Progress Assessment Meeting of the RCA/IAEA project on “Improved Information about Urban Air Quality Management in the RCA Region” (RAS/7/013) was held on 28-30 March 2007 in Lower Hutt, New Zealand

- Two participants participated in the RAS/7/015/IAEA/RCA RTC on "Harmonization of Data and Source Components", 21-25 May 2007 in Manila, the Philippines.

- National Project Co-ordinator attended the Project Planning Meeting of the RCA Project on Characterization and Source Identification of Particulate Air Pollution, 21 - 24 August 2007 in Goa, India.

- 200 PM2.5 and 200 PM2.5-10 samples have been collected using GENT-SFU,

- 65 PM2.5 and 65 PM2.5-10 exposed filters form 2007 have been analysed by XRF,

- Processing the obtained data,.Plan for the year 2008:

- Sampling of APM (PM2.5 and PM2.5-10) using the GENT-SFU twice weekly for the full year at fixed urban site.

- Sampling of PM2.5 using the ASP twice weekly for the full year at the same fixed urban site.

- Analysis of coarse and fine collected filters for elemental concentrations (including silicon, sulphur and black carbon) using XRF and Smokestain Reflectometer.

- Identification of pollution sources and source apportionment by using STATAGRAPHICS and PMF.

- Calculation of air parcel back trajectories for several extreme events in the sampling interval.

RAS/7/016: Establishing a Benchmark for Assessing the Radiological Impact of Nuclear Power Activities on the Marine Environment in the Asia-Pacific region.

Activities and achievements in 2007:

- Setting up of National Project Team in the meeting held on 10 May, 2007 at Dalat Nuclear Research Institute. The members of the National Project Team are from the following agencies.

o Dalat Nuclear Research Institute (DNRI)

o Vietnam Environment Protection Agency (VEPA)

o Institute of Oceanography, Nhatrang (IO)

- Collection of sea samples: Sea water, sediment and biota.

- Determination of radionuclides (40K, 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Po, 226Ra, 239,240Pu, U and Th) in the colleted samples.

- Submission of one project proposals for research grant applications on: Assessment of Marine Environmental Radioactivity Status for selected sites of Nuclear Power Plant in the near future and Establishment of Transfer Factors for Marine Organisms. Total grant application: 30,000 USD. This project has been recommended by Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission to be approved by MOST.

- The Ministry of Science & Technology has approved a two-year project on “Assessment of Marine Environmental Radioactivity Status for two selected sites of Nuclear Power Plant in the near future at Ninhthuan Province”, from 2008-2009. Total grant application: 28,000 USD.

Plan for 2008-2009:

- Continue collection of sea samples: Sea water, sediment and biota.

- Continue Determination of radionuclides (40K, 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Po, 226Ra, 239,240Pu, U and Th) in the colleted samples.

- Establishment of Transfer Factors for Marine Organisms (fish, shell fish)- Assessment of primarily the public committed effective doses caused by

consumption of seafoods.

RAS/8/107: Raising Productivity in the Coal, Minerals and Petrochemical Industries by using Nucleonic Analysis Systems and Radiotracers RAS/8/107.

Activities in 2007

- Two participants attended the Final Progress Review Meeting of the RCA Project on Radioisotopes; 24 Jan 2007, Deajon, Korea.

- Two participants in the IAEA/RCA Technical Meeting on New Developments of Radiotracer, 17 Jul 2007, Colombo, Srilanka.

- IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course on In-situ Analysis of Coal Quality, 28 Oct 2007, Bangladesh.

- Interwell Tracer Test in Fractured Reservoirs: 14 tracers injected into reservoirs. Tracers founded in several production wells and being occurred. Tracer data helped oil producers information on water movement and impovement of reservoir model.

- Employment of commercial software ECLIPSE to tracer simulation : Commercial software ECLIPSE was employed to match tracer breakthrough for improving reservoir model

- Development of Natural Partitioning Tracer in Oil field: Starting development of Natural Partitioning Tracer in Oil field to get more information about oil remaining and swept volume.

- Development of New Interwell Tracers FBA: In progress In progress

- Development of first demo CT in Industry – one source- one detector : The first system in the Lab of CT in Industry – one source- one detector has been developed.

- Development of first demo off line PGNAA in Cement, Bauxite Industries: The first system off line PGNAA in Cement, Bauxite Industries has been developed.

- Development of NAS based on TXRF in coal/cement industry: NAS based on TXRF in coal industry is being completed for quick ash content and cement quality determination.

- Extend of using natural gamma system for borehole logging in Mining Geology Company (TKV) of VINACOMIN

- Seminar from 19 to 29/03/07, in Hanoi and Quang Ninh, Vietnam by on Application of NAS in coal and cement industry with the participation of the IAEA expert DR. J. Charbucinski.

- On 27 March 2007, a National Workshop on “Utilization of NAS in quality control in coal and cement industries”, was held in Hanoi, with the participation of representatives from coal industry managers, managers of cement factories, Vietnam Association of Automation science and technology

and reporters of journal “Automation today”, manager of Phalai thermal Power factory, researchers and managers from INST – VAEC and IAEA expert.

Plan for 2008:

- Continue activities : Interwell Tracer Test in Rong, Bach ho Reservoirs; Employemnt of commercial software ECLIPSE to tracer simulation; Development of Natural Partitioning Tracer in Oil field; Development of New Interwell Tracers FBA; Development of first demo CT in Industry – one source- one detector; Development of first demo off line PGNAA in Cement, Bauxite Industries; Development of NAS based on TXRF in coal industry.

- Host the Training course on “RTC on Off-belt Analysis of Metalliferous Ores and Cement Quality by NAS” (desired on 10/2008).

RAS/8/104 : Assessment of trends in freshwater quality using environmental isotopes and chemical techniques for improved resource management

Main activities and achievements in 2007:

- Collecting and combining necessary documents on geology, hydrogeology and isotopic data concerning the study areas.

- Carry out the surveys to set up sampling networks for study areas.

- Carry out sampling campaigns of groundwater and surface water for chemical and isotopes analysis.

- Analyze for chemical and isotopes composition of water samples.

- Combined and updated necessary documents of Hochiminh City area: Hydrogeological maps, cross-sections and map of monitoring wells network in the study area.

- Collected monitoring data on the nitrate in groundwater in Hochiminh City area.

- Performed field surveys to set up the sampling network for groundwater. (see the Sampling map attached).

- Implemented sampling campaigns of groundwater and surface water for chemical and isotopic analysis. A total of 84 water sample set have been collected for major ions, nitrogen compounds and isotope (oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen) analysis.

- Performed major ions as well as nitrate concentration of all water samples collected. First image of nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater in Hochiminh city area has been drafted (see Actual status of nitrate in shallow groundwater image attached).

- Performed isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen analysis. Ratio of 15N/14N of water sampled is analyzing.

Plan for the year 2008:

- Undertake complementary sampling campaigns for chemical and isotopes in groundwater, surface water and samples analysis (1st and 3rd quarters of).

- Receive an oversea expert to look at and have first interpretation of the results obtained (1st quarter).

- Expand database (3rd and 4th quarters).

- Building suitable conceptual models for predicting contamination risk (1st, 2ns and 3rd quarters)

RAS/8/105: Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and Tomography Techniques;

Activities and achievements in 2007:1. Establishing quality management systems (QMS) in accord with ISO standards:

From October 2007 to February2008, Center for NDT and Nuclear Techniques –

Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission (VAEC) have been preparing and

completing all procedures for ISO 17025:2005 accreditation in the field of Non-

destructive Testing. Tests for accreditation include:

Metallic Ultrasonic Testing

Non-metallic Ultrasonic Testing

Radiographic Testing

Liquid Penetrant Testing

Magnetic Particle Testing

Visual Testing

Alloy Composition Analyze

By the end of February 2008, the Center will be granted ISO 17025: 2005

Certificate by Vietnam Laboratory Accreditation Scheme.

2. Facilitating the implementation of harmonization schemes for NDT certification

in accord with ISO 17024:

One participant participated in the IAEA/RCA Project Planning Meeting on

“Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and

Tomography Techniques”- Project RAS/8/105, GOA, India, 2-6 July, 2007. His

Country Report presented on overview of NDT activities of Vietnam; current

status of NDT training and certification as well as future plan of NDT in

Vietnam.

The Center for NDT & Nuclear Technique – VAEC, in cooperation with The

Southern Inspection Services (S.I.S) have arranged the First Preparation Course

& Examination on Ultrasonic Testing & Penetrant Testing Level III in Hanoi,

Vietnam from 5th, November, 2007 to 20, November, 2007 as per ASNT- SNT –

TC – 1A guidelines with the total number of fellows trained and certified:

Ultrasonic Testing: 19

Penetrant Testing: 12

A Training Course and Examination of Radiography Testing Level was

jointly conducted by Vietnam Association for Non-Destructive Testing

(VANDT) and the Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai- India , at Nuclear

Research Institute, Dalat, Vietnam from 26 November to 22 December 2007 with

the participation of 14 participants.

Through out 2007, the Center for NDT and Nuclear Techniques have organized 06 training courses on NDT level- 2. The number of fellows trained and certified as follows:

Ultrasonic Testing: 38

Radiographic Testing: 18

A working group of 13 NDT experts has been set up to draft out the project on National Certifying Body (NCB) establishment, and the project was approved 23 December, 2007 by VANT. Within the frame of this project the training syllabus and examination will be designed in accordance with ISO 9712: 2005 and ISO 17024 respectively.

Work plan for 2008:

- Organize the IAEA/ RCA Mid- term Progress Meeting of the RCA Project on

“Development and Application of Advanced Industrial Radiography and Tomography

Techniques” – RAS/8/105, Hanoi, Vietnam, 24-26 March 2008. There will be 21

participants.

- Continue training activities on NDT to facilitate the implementation of

harmonization schemes for NDT certification in accord with ISO 17024. Besides,

training courses on English for NDT & Welding Inspector (in co-operation with

Hanoi University of Technology, SLV Munich Welding Institute- Germany) will be

organized.

- Promote and finalize the project on NCB establishment so that this will have been

approved by the Government by the end of December 2009.

- Participation in regional events.

Country Reports

Technology

advanced industrial radiography

rca member states

project ras 6 0 42

radiation processing applications

nuclear power activities

treatment receiving incorporation

iaea rca regional training

straw application