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COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS COORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
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COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS COORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS COORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS.

COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES

AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINSCOORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMSU.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Page 2: COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/INITIATIVES AMBASSADOR BONNIE D. JENKINS COORDINATOR FOR THREAT REDUCTION PROGRAMS.

Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

Nuclear terrorism is a global threat It is important to advance a common approach and

commitment to nuclear security at the highest level Nations must work together through dedicated

international organizations and initiatives to address the threat

Many programs and initiatives focused on this effort that can benefit from increased coordination

Global efforts need continuous coordination

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives An underlying goal of the Nuclear Security

Summit was to come to an agreement on working cooperatively on securing nuclear material worldwide and prevent illicit nuclear trafficking

Highlighted recent and future efforts for the global community to take to improve the security of nuclear materials

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NSS Comments, Communiqué and Work Plan

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U.S. Statement at the Nuclear Summit

The U.S. noted that by working with existing legal and multilateral nuclear security frameworks, U.S. nuclear security cooperative activities help states worldwide meet their security obligations

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Comments at NSS

“Cooperation on nuclear security is one of the most effective ways the international community can respond to the threat of nuclear terrorism”

“Enhanced international and regional cooperation is the way forward to combat the proliferation of WMD and their related systems”

“We should work together through international frameworks to promote global nuclear security and combat nuclear terrorism”

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Communiqué

“ Participating States will work together, as appropriate, to ensure that nuclear security cooperation mechanisms are complementary, reinforcing, efficient, consistent with related IAEA activities, and appropriately matched to indentified needs in those States requesting assistance”

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Communiqué

“Success will require responsible national actions and sustained and effective international cooperation”

“Call on States to work cooperatively as an international community to advance nuclear security”

“Maintaining effective nuclear security will require continuous national efforts facilitated by international cooperation.”

“We will promote the strengthening of global nuclear security through dialogue and cooperation with all states”

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

Communiqué Reference to the Work Plan:

“We issue the Work Plan as guidance for national and international action including through cooperation within the context of relevant international fora and organizations”

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives The Work Plan lays out a number of nuclear security related

international organizations and initiatives that play an important role in nuclear security

Recognizes that securing nuclear material encompass a number of different initiatives, activities and organizations

Outlines comprehensively relevant international organizations and initiatives in the area of nuclear security

Need to actively find ways to coordinate at each opportunity

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

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Four-year global effort to secure vulnerable nuclear material Encompasses the many programs and activities that

fundamentally seek to prevent the chances of terrorists from obtaining nuclear material Securing material at the source, converting reactors, and

removing nuclear material Must also bolster our ability to detect smuggled material, recover

lost material, identify the materials origin, and prosecute those who are trading in these materials

Nuclear security is a perpetual commitment, requiring ongoing vigilance as threats change, equipment wears out, and technologies advance Continued efforts by the international community will be

required

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International organizations and Initiatives

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

Relevant IO’s/Initiatives: International Agreements International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1887 and

1540 Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT) G8 Global Partnership (GP) Global Threat Reduction Initiative Non-governmental Organizations and Industry activities

and initiatives

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International Atomic Energy Agency Communiqué:

“Reaffirmed the role of the IAEA in the international nuclear security framework and will work to ensure that it continues to have the appropriate structure, resources and expertise needed to carry out its mandated nuclear security activities.”

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

The IAEA manages and implements a number of activities and programs designed to assist Member States with securing nuclear and radiological materials, responding to nuclear and radiological incidents, and, more generally, enhancing their nuclear security frameworks.

IAEA has a unique role in the global nuclear security regime.

The IAEA’s involvement in nuclear security issues is wide-ranging and significant.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

IAEA’s International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) : Assists Member States in strengthening their national

nuclear security systems. A team of international experts examine the State’s

system of physical protection, compare it against international best practices, and make recommendations for improvements.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

IAEA Nuclear Security Plan

IAEA Nuclear Security Series

IAEA Information Circular 225

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United Nations

Communiqué: “Recognize the role and contributions of the United Nations”

Work Plan: “Noting the need to fully implement UNSCR 1540 …in

particular as it relates to nuclear material”

U.S. Statement at the NSS: “At the United Nations, we unanimously passed UNSCR 1887

endorsing the goal of securing all nuclear materials…”

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UNSCR 1887Relevant Provisions

“Expressing its support for the convening of the 2010 Global Summit on Nuclear Security,

“Affirming its support for the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its 2005 Amendment, and the Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism,

“Recognizing the progress made by the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism, and the G-8 Global Partnership

Calls upon Member States to share best practices with a view to improvedsafety standards and nuclear security practices and raise standards ofnuclear security to reduce the risk of nuclear terrorism, with the aim of

securing all vulnerable nuclear material from such risks within four years

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UNSCR 1540:Three Primary Obligations

To refrain from providing support to non-State actors seeking WMD, under UN Chapter VII First formal decision taken by the Security Council to address the

proliferation of weapons of mass destruction as a threat to international peace and security

To prohibit non-State actors from engaging in specified activities relating to WMD, including the acquisition and use, attempted acquisition and use, and the financing of the acquisition and use of such items.

To take and enforce effective measures to establish domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of WMD, including by establishing appropriate controls over related materials.

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UNSCR 1540

UNSCR 1540 does not alter the “rights and obligations” of state parties to other treaties and regimes.

Provides a flexible system that responds to assistance requests and coordinates with other governments on technical assistance to enable recipients to meet their 1540 obligations

Works in coordination with other programs. 1540 sets out obligations for States, and States have

discretion on how to implement their obligations.

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Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)

Communiqué: “Recognize the role and contributions of the Global

Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism” Work plan: “Participating States encourage…expanded

participation in and commitment to international initiatives and voluntary cooperative mechanisms aimed at improving nuclear security and preventing nuclear terrorism.”

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Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism (GICNT)

International partnership of 82 nations and 4 observers that works to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to nuclear terrorism.• Co-Chaired by the U.S. and Russia.• Shares best practices and facilitates coordination with pre-

existing efforts to assist partners in strengthening their nuclear security capacities.

Conducts multilateral activities that strengthen the plans, policies, procedures, and interoperability of partner nations.

Partners make a political commitment to implement the Statement of Principles on a voluntary basis.

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Introduction of GICNT’s Implementation and Assessment Group (AIG)

The AIG is an informal advisory body of partners which, upon direction of the GICNT Plenary, coordinates activities and works to create practical products that aid partners in implementing the Statement of Principles

In June of 2010, Spain was endorsed as the first AIG Coordinator

Oversees working groups focused on developing products related to key GICNT functional areas such as nuclear detection and nuclear forensics

All products are shared via a secure online web-portal accessible only to GICNT partners

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G8 Global Partnership

Communiqué: “Recognize the role and contributions of the G8-led

Global Partnership”

Work Plan “Participating States welcome the intent of the G-8

Global Partnership…to undertake additional programming to enhance nuclear security”

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G8 Global Partnership

Mission: To keep WMD out of the hands of terrorists or states that support them.

Pledge of $20 billion (2002 – 2010) from 23 partners.• More than $18 billion allocated to date.• Primary multilateral commitment to finance,

implement, and coordinate WMD threat reduction activities globally.

Initial focus on Russia/FSU but now global focus Annual Annex

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G8 Global Partnership

Successes:• Improved accounting, control, and physical protection of

nuclear and radiological materials.• Enhanced nuclear, biological, and chemical security.• Dismantled nuclear submarines and safe storage of

removed spent fuel.• Improved detection of nuclear and radiological materials

and prevented illicit trafficking by improving border security capabilities.

• Engaged and redirected to peaceful purposes scientists, technicians, and engineers who have WMD, missile, and related expertise.

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G8 Global Partnership

Muskoka Summit (2010): G8 leaders: Asked senior experts to evaluate results to date. Asked senior experts to develop options for programming

and financing beyond 2012 focusing on: Nuclear and radiological security. Biosecurity. Scientist engagement. Facilitating implementation of UNSCR 1540.

Reiterated interest in the potential participation of additional countries.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives Non-governmental bodies:

Nongovernmental organizations, nuclear industry, private sector and other stakeholders play an important role in the global effort to secure nuclear material

Communiqué:

“Recognize the continuing role of nuclear industry, including the private sector, in nuclear security and will work with industry to ensure the necessary priority of physical protection, material accountancy, and security culture”

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

Work Plan:

“Participating States will promote cooperation, as appropriate, among international organizations, governments, other stakeholders, and academia for effective capacity building.”

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

World Institute for Nuclear Security. Goal: help improve security of nuclear and high hazard radioactive

materials so that they are secure from unauthorized access, theft, sabotage and diversion and cannot be utilized for terrorist or other nefarious purposes.

Provides an international forum for those accountable for nuclear security to share and promote the implementation of best security practices.

Produces international best practices guides, hosts workshops, and produces a number of other related publications.

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Cooperation and Coordination with Relevant International Organizations/Initiatives

The international NGO community hosted an event on the first day of the Nuclear Security Summit to raise awareness of the importance of nuclear security among the NGO community

The day following the Nuclear Summit, the international nuclear industry representatives met to discuss issues related to nuclear security and the special role they play in these issues.

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Additional Relevant Initiatives Include Capacity building for nuclear security and

cooperation Promotion of a nuclear security culture through

technology development, human resource development, education, engagement and training

Cooperation to prevent and respond to incidents of illicit nuclear trafficking

Sharing of information and expertise on nuclear detection, forensics, law enforcement

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Additional Relevant Initiatives Include

Regional organizations Centers of Excellence and Regional Training

Centers Export controls and border security Global Threat Reduction Initiative

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Next Steps and Conclusion

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Coordination Mechanisms

Initiatives themselves provide coordination International organizations provide coordination

mechanisms Need to strengthen and solidify existing

coordination efforts Work Plan provides a mechanism for coordination Future NSS meetings a venue to continue

discussions on this topic

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Cooperation and Coordination: A Continuous Effort

Need to continually address challenges of cooperation and coordination How does the work of the IO’s and the initiatives work

together to achieve the larger goal of nuclear security What are the viable existing mechanisms that can be

used to help promote coordination and cooperation How to we emphasize the strengths of particular

organizations or initiatives to minimize redundancies How do we incorporate the work of organizations

outside the government into government efforts

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Conclusions

WMD proliferation and terrorism is a global threat International cooperation is imperative Important to work through and with international

organizations and engage in international initiatives Requires a multi-disciplinary approach

encompassing many activities that must be sustained

Enhanced coordination and implementation will improve outcomes.

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Thank You