Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy Source€¦ · Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy Source REPORT ON STAKE HOLDER'S CONSULTATION W ORKSHOPs ON W ASTE

Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass

into Energy Source

RREEPPOORRTT OONN

SSTTAAKK EE HHOOLL DDEERR''SS CCOONNSSUULL TTAATTII OONN WWOORRKK SSHHOOPPss OONN

WWAASSTTEE AAGGRRII CCUULL TTUURRAALL BBII OOMM AASSSS UUTTII LL II ZZAATTII OONN AASS

EENNEERRGGYY//RREESSOOUURRCCEE

By:

Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran University of Engineering & Technology

Jamshoro, Pakistan

United Nations Environmental Programme International Environmental Technology Centre

Osaka/Shiga, Japan

2

INTRODUCTION

Rapid increase in demand and consumption of fossil fuels and its consequent impact

on climate change and environment has put greater emphasis on development of

alternative and renewable sources of energy. Waste biomass, as a renewable energy

source, presents a viable solution for meeting our energy demands. Biomass generally

refers to the organic matter deriving from plants and that is generated through the

photosynthesis. It addresses the climate change issues as well as reduces our

dependence on fossil fuels. In developing countries this could be developed as a

versatile source of energy for domestic as well as industrial/commercial purposes.

This Seminar will concentrate on the agricultural residue referred to as Waste

Agricultural Biomass (WAB). Billions of tons of waste agricultural biomass are

generated every year Pakistan. Its use as a fuel is considered to be carbon neutral

because plants and trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it

while they grow. Moreover the agricultural residue may be classified as Field residues

(materials left in an agricultural field after the crop has been harvested) like cotton

stalks, rice straw, sugarcane tops, leaves, seed pods etc and Process residues

(materials left after the processing of the crop into a usable resource) like husks,

seeds, bagasse, cotton gin waste and roots etc.

3

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES

� Awareness to the farmers, industrialists, and District government for the

pollution created by the improper use of the waste agricultural biomass

(WAB)

� Providing opportunities to the researchers/ professionals to facilitate in

identification and utilization of waste agricultural biomass

� Implementation of environmentally sound technology (EST) for converting

waste agricultural biomass into energy/resource

� Reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) emissions

ABOUT THE PROJECT

The project will build the local capacity to identify and implement EST for waste

agricultural biomass recycling and assess their potential for resource conservation and

GHG emissions reduction as well as for their feasibility with respect to local socio-

economic and environmental characteristics. The operability and benefits of the

selected ESTs will be demonstrated through pilot project.

This project is in direct support of Bali Strategic Plan for Capacity Building and

Technology Support. It is aimed that local capacity will be strengthened in data

collection and analysis to develop baseline scenarios for cities/countries on

quantification and characterization of waste agricultural biomass as well as on

prevailing management systems including regulations/policies. It is also aimed that

local capacity is built for identification of appropriate technologies and assessment of

their potential for resource conservation and GHG emissions reduction. It is also

aimed that local capacity will be strengthened on procurement and implementation of

the EST with operation and maintenance skills.

4

11SSTT WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP::

TTWWOO DDAAYYSS SSTTAAKK EE HHOOLL DDEERR''SS CCOONNSSUULL TTAATTII OONN

WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP OONN WWAASSTTEE AAGGRRII CCUULL TTUURRAALL BBII OOMM AASSSS

UUTTII LL II ZZAATTII OONN AASS EENNEERRGGYY//RREESSOOUURRCCEE

1133--1144TTHH JJAANNUUAARRYY 22001100

5

DDAAYY OONNEE

INAUGURAL CEREMONY

The inaugural ceremony was formally started by first the recitation of Holy

Quran. After that Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar coordinator UNEP project had

welcomed all the guests and participants. He had given a brief introduction to the

workshop and the project of Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy/

material source. The introduction to the project was also given by Dr. Mushtaque

Ahmed Memon from UNEP side and given the keynote address. Prof. Dr. A.Q.K.

Rajput the worthy Vice Chancellor of Mehran University of Engineering &

Technology Jamshoro Pakistan had first welcomed all the Guest and participants and

expressed his opinion about the importance of the energy that can be obtained by the

utilization the Waste Agricultural Biomass.

The Guest of Honor Mr. Nazeer Ahmed Shaikh Chief Engineer, Hyderabad

Electric Supply Company (HESCO), Water & Power Development Authority

(WAPDA) Pakistan Congratulates the Mehran University of Engineering &

Technology Jamshoro for working on the project of converting waste agricultural

biomass into energy. He had appreciated the effort for producing the electricity from

the one of the renewable source that is biomass as it can contribute into the existing

energy crisis in the country.

The Chief Guest of the occasion Honorable Mr. Sheikh Muhammad Afzal

(Khalid Umair), Minister for Environment & Alternative Energy, Government of

Sindh could not attained the Workshop due to the urgent meeting with the Chief

Minister of Sindh. The workshop was chaired by Secretary Ministry of Environment

& Alternative Energy, Government of Sindh Mr. Mir Hassan Ali. He explicit his

views about the importance of WAB and the pollution it creates. He mentioned that in

our country, a huge quantity of the agricultural residues and municipal solid waste is

being wasted since long, which not only created the pollution but it is a loss of

precious commodity.

6

At the end of Inaugural session Prof. Dr. Dost Ali Khuwaja Dean Faculty of

Architecture & Civil Engineering, Thanks to all the Guests & Participants present in

the Workshop.

TECHNICAL SESSION

The first presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Uqali, Pro-

Vice Chancellor of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro on

“Energy Demand & Renewable Resources in Pakistan”. His Lecture was focused on

the current demand and supply of the Energy for Pakistan and the share of renewable

& non-renewable sources of energy.

The second presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi,

Director Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management, Mehran University

of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro on “Pollution caused by improper utilization

of agricultural residues”.

The third presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar, Co-Director

of Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran University of

Engineering & Technology Jamshoro & Project coordinator of UNEP Project on

“Waste Agricultural Biomass Utilization as Energy/ material Resource”. He in the

light of study carried out at Sanghar regarding the Waste Agricultural Biomass

Characterization, Quantification & Energy Potential, foregrounded the different

technologies for the utilization of the Waste Agricultural Biomass as a source of

energy and material.

The forth presentation was given by Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon, Programme

Officer UNEP, Osaka Japan on “UNEP’s experiences on Waste Agricultural

Biomass”. He shared the work and project was being carried out by UNEP regarding

the Wastes and especially the Waste Agricultural Biomass.

The technical session of day one was ended by the vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr.

Khan Muhammad Brohi.

7

DDAAYY TTWWOO The second day of the Workshop was arranged in Darbar Hall at District

Coordinator’s Office at Sanghar. This session was formatted for the Local

stakeholders of district Sanghar. The stakeholders include the farmers, landowners,

industrialists, officers & staff of the district government; those are related to the

Waste Agricultural Biomass. The aim of this session was to provide the knowledge

about the importance, proper utilization and management of the WAB to the local

stakeholders.

The session at the second day was started by first the recitation of Holy Quran.

After that a warm welcome was given by Mr. Mushtaque Ahmad Soomro, D.O.

Agriculture Sanghar to all the distinguish guests and stakeholders.

The first presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Uqali, Pro-

Vice Chancellor of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro on

“Energy Demand & Renewable Resources in Pakistan”. His Lecture was focused on

the current demand and supply of the Energy for Pakistan and the share of renewable

& non-renewable sources of energy.

The second presentation was given by Engr. Abdul Razaque Sahito, Lecturer

Mechanical Engineering Department, Mehran University of Engineering &

Technology, Jamshoro on “Characterization & Quantification of Waste Agricultural

Biomass in District Snaghar”. He had described the quantity of WAB generated in a

year and its utilization in district Sanghar, regarding the field survey and also the

characteristics of the WAB.

The third presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi,

Director Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management, Mehran University

of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro on “Pollution caused by improper utilization

of agricultural residues”.

The forth presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar, Co-Director

of Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran University of

8

Engineering & Technology Jamshoro & Project coordinator of UNEP Project on

“Waste Agricultural Biomass Utilization as Energy/ material Resource”. He in the

light of study carried out at Sanghar regarding the Waste Agricultural Biomass

Characterization, Quantification & Energy Potential, fore grounded the different

technologies for the utilization of the Waste Agricultural Biomass as a source of

energy and material.

Honorable Chief Guest of the occasion Mr. Rasool Bux Samejo, District

Coordinator officer (D.C.O.) Sanghar had addressed to the audience. He expresses his

cordially thanks to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Osaka Japan

and the Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, on bringing such

a wonderful programme for converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy and

Material Source. He said that this project will not only contribute into the reduction of

energy crisis in Pakistan, but also will be accommodating in the reduction of poverty

of the people of district Sanghar. At present the farmers are not being exploiting the

agricultural residues, but in future they be able to sale their crops’ residues at some

handsome amount. At the last he had shown his full cooperation from his side.

The session of day two was ended by the vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Khan

Muhammad Brohi.

9

ISSUES RAISED BY STAKEHOLDERS

The following issues were discussed by the different stakeholders in both the

days of the workshop:

Issue # 1:

What do you mean by dispose off and surplus residue?

Response from the Project Coordinator:

The surplus residues include wheat straw, Cotton gin waste, sugarcane

baggase, rice husk and canola straw, as they can be purchased and be utilized for

getting energy. On the other hand, the residues like cotton stalks, sugarcane tops,

Rice straw and banana plant have very high quantity, which is being wasted since

long, thus they are addressed as disposed off WAB.

Issue # 2:

Why maize and barely was not considered in the energy calculation though

they are considered energy crops?


Field survey yields that energy crops like bajra (millet), jowar (barley) and

maize are cultivated in all talukas of district Sanghar, but most of them are reaped

before they get mature and are being used as animal feed, thus we have not

encountered them for getting energy.

Issue # 3:

How did you obtain the crop residue ratio?


The yield to residue ratio of the crops was calculated from the data obtained

by field survey.

Issue # 4:

Would you get the disposed off WAB at the free of cost?


At present the disposed off WAB is being wasted, but when it is utilized for

the energy conversion purpose, then the farmers will sell it at some cost.

10

Issue # 5:

How did you calculate the Emission from burning WAB?


The quantity of emissions by burning of the disposed off WAB was estimated

by adopting the emission factors for air dried WAB in Pakistan from the study carried

out by S.C. Bhattacharya, P. Abdul Salam, Mahen Sharma (2000), “Emissions from

biomass energy use in some selected Asian countries”, Elsevier Journal of Energy vol.

25 pp. 169–188

Issue # 6:

How will WAB be collected from fields?


The two options are available; either the farmer will arrange the transport for

carrying the WAB to the power house or the power plant owner will arrange it. For

both the scenarios defiantly the price payable to the farmer will be different as it will

be more in case of self transport.

Issue # 7:

Which technology will be the suitable for WAB?


Technologies like Gasification, Composting, and Anaerobic Digestion etc can

be used for converting WAB into energy or useful material. Their suitability mainly

depends upon the type of the WAB and also on the other factors like its quantity,

availability, price, etc.

11

PPRROOGGRRAAMM MM EE

DDAAYY OONNEE

Day One 13th January 2010 Venue: Makhdoom Dawood Hall, Mehran University Jamshoro.

Time: 10:00 am to 02:00 pm

INAUGURAL SESSION 0950 am Registration

1010 am Guest to be seated

1015 am Recitation from Holy Quran

1020 am Welcome Address/ Introduction to the project by Pro. Dr. Rasool Bux

Mahar, Coordinator UNEP Project

1040 am Introduction to the project by Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon,

Programme Officer UNEP, Osaka Japan

1050 am Address by the Vice Chancellor MUET Jamshoro, Prof. Dr. A.Q.K.

Rajput

1100 am Address by the Guest of honor, Mr. Nazeer Ahmed Shaikh Chief

Engineer Hyderabad Electric Supply Company (HESCO), Water &

Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan

1110 am Address by the Chief Guest, Mr. Sheikh Muhammad Afzal, Minister

for Environment & Alternative Energy, Government of Sindh

1130 am Vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Dost Ali Kuwaja, Dean Faculty of

Architecture & Civil Engineering

1140 am Refreshment

12

TECHNICAL SESSION

1200 noon Presentation # 1: Energy Demand & Renewable Resources by Prof. Dr.

Muhammad Aslam Uqali, Pro-Vice Chancellor of Mehran University

of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro

1230 pm Presentation # 2: Pollution caused by improper utilization of

agricultural residues by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi, Director

Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management, Mehran

University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro

1250 pm Presentation # 3: Waste Agricultural Biomass Utilization as Energy/

material Resource by Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar, Co-Director of

Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran

University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro & Project

coordinator of UNEP Project

0130 pm Presentation # 4: UNEP’s experiences on Waste Agricultural Biomass

by Dr. Mushtaque Ahmed Memon, Programme Officer UNEP, Osaka

Japan

0200 pm Vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi

13


DDAAYY TTWWOO

Day Two 14th January 2010

Venue: Darbar Hall, District Coordinator Office, Sanghar Time: 11:00 am to 02:00 pm

1050 am Registration


1105 am Recitation from Holy Quran

1110 am Welcome Address Mr. Mushtaque Ahmad Soomro, D.O. Agriculture

Sanghar

1120 am Presentation # 1: Energy Demand & Renewable Resources by Prof. Dr.

Muhammad Aslam Uqali, Pro-Vice Chancellor of Mehran University

of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro

1150 pm Presentation # 2: Characterization & Quantification of Waste

Agricultural Biomass in District Snaghar by Engr. Abdul Razaque

Sahito, Lecturer Mechanical Engineering Department, Mehran

University of Engineerng & Technology Jamshoro

1210 pm Presentation # 3: Pollution caused by improper utilization of

agricultural residues by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi, Director

Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management, Mehran

University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro

1240 pm Presentation # 4: Waste Agricultural Biomass Utilization as Energy/

material Resource by Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar, Co-Director of

Institute of Environmental Engineering & Management Mehran

University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro & Project

coordinator of UNEP Project

0110 pm Address by the Chief Guest, Mr. Rasool Bux Samejo, District

Coordinator officer (D.C.O.) Sanghar


0140 pm Refreshment

14

PPHHOOTTOOGGRRAAPPHHSS OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP ((DDAAYY OONNEE))

Inauguration Ceremony of Workshop

Participants of the Workshop

Vice Chancellor of MUET, addressing

15

Academicians of the University in the Workshop

Chief Executive Officer of HESCO, addressing

Secretary Ministry of Environment & Alternative Energy, addressing

16

Participants during the technical session

Dr. Mushtaque Ahmed Memon, delivering Lecture in Workshop

Prof. Dr. K. M. Brohi, delivering Lecture in Workshop

17

PPHHOOTTOOGGRRAAPPHHSS OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP ((DDAAYY TTWWOO))

Prof. Dr. K. M. Brohi, during his presentation

Engr. Abdul Razaque Sahito, during his presentation

Prof. Dr. R. B. Mahar, delivering Lecture in Workshop

18

Participants during the Workshop

Mr. Rasool Bux Samejo, D.C.O Sanghar, addressing the Workshop

Group discussion in the Workshop

19

22NNDD WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP::

OONNEE DDAAYY SSTTAAKK EE HHOOLL DDEERR''SS CCOONNSSUULL TTAATTII OONN

WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP OONN TTEECCHHNNOOLL OOGGYY AASSSSEESSSSMM EENNTT OOFF

WWAASSTTEE AAGGRRII CCUULL TTUURRAALL BBII OOMM AASSSS

2288TTHH AAPPRRII LL 22001100

20

WWOORRKKSSHHOOPP PPRROOCCEEEEDDIINNGG

The session was started with the recitation of Holy Quran. After that Mr.

Mushtaque Ahmad Soomro, D.O. Agriculture Sanghar had given a welcome address.

He welcomed all the distinguish guests and stakeholders, present in the Workshop.

Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi, Director Institute of Environmental

Engineering & Management, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology

Jamshoro had then given a presentation on Introduction to the workshop and UNEP

project.

Presentation one was given by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Uqali, Pro-Vice

Chancellor of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro on

“Sustainable use of waste agricultural biomass (WAB) in Pakistan”. His presentation

was focused on the Introduction to the Waste Agricultural Biomass, their utilization

and specially its current management in Pakistan.

Engr. Abdul Razaque Sahito, Lecturer Mechanical Engineering Department,

Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro had then given

Presentation two on “Estimation & Current Management Practice of Waste

Agricultural Biomass (WAB) in district Sanghar”. He had described the quantity of

WAB generated in a year and its utilization in district Sanghar, regarding the field

survey and also the characteristics of the WAB. On the basis of the quantity,

characterization and current utilization of the WAB he had figured out the capacity of

the power plant that can be installed in the study area.

Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar, Co-Director of Institute of Environmental

Engineering & Management Mehran University of Engineering & Technology

Jamshoro & Project coordinator of UNEP Project had given Presentation three on

“Technology Option for Waste Agricultural Biomass for District Sanghar”. His

presentation was focusing on the most appropriate technology that can be selected for

converting WAB into Energy directly or indirectly. He in the light of study carried out

at Sanghar regarding the Waste Agricultural Biomass Characterization, Quantification

& Energy Potential, fore grounded the different technologies for the utilization of the

21

Waste Agricultural Biomass. The proposed technologies were three those are Direct

Combustion, Gasification, Anaerobic Digestion, Composting and Biomass Pellets.

Further he mentioned that we had carried out an assessment of the technologies and

we found that Gasification, Anaerobic Digestion and Biomass Pellets are most

appropriate for the district. He had also proposed one power plant of 200 kW based on

gasification and a anaerobic digestion plant of 400 kg/day.

The Guest of honor Mr. Abdul Malik, Chief Engineer GENCO –I, Jamshoro

Power Supply Company, Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan

had thanks to all the guests and participants. He had appreciated the attempt made by

the UNEP and Mehran University for utilizing the agricultural residues for producing

the energy that can be used as a domestic source of energy or for industrial. He had

also shared his experience regarding the different power plants installed in Pakistan.

Honorable Chief Guest of the occasion Mr. Rasool Bux Samejo, District

Coordinator officer (D.C.O.) Sanghar had addressed to the audience. He expresses his

cordially thanks to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Osaka Japan

and the Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro, on bringing such

a wonderful programme for converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy and

Material Source. He said that the two options given by Dr. Mahar are very useful to

the people of district Sanghar. He said that this project will not only contribute into

the reduction of energy crisis in Pakistan, but also will be accommodating in the

reduction of poverty of the people of district Sanghar. At present the farmers are not

being exploiting the agricultural residues, but in future they be able to sale their crops’

residues at some handsome amount. At the last he had shown his full cooperation

from his side.

The session of day two was ended by the vote of Thanks by Prof. Dr. Khan

Muhammad Brohi.

22

II SSSSUUEESS RRAAII SSEEDD BBYY SSTTAAKK EE HHOOLL DDEERRSS

The following issues were discussed by the different stakeholders in the

workshop:

Issue # 1:

Who will own the Gasification Power Plant? District Government Sanghar;

Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan; or any other

Industrialist.


Any of the above who sponsor remaining amount of the gasification plant he

can have this property.

Issue # 2:

Can it be connected to the Notational grid?


It could be connected with National grid by Upgrading the Voltage.

Issue # 3:

Who will run the plant?


The Agency who own for the Gasification power plant would run the plant.

Issue # 4

Will Gasification Plant need special skill to operate it?


Yes, but those skills are very similar to the conventional power plants.

Issue # 5:

What about the pollution? Will it be the same pollution level as of

conventional power plants?


No, the Gasification Technology is one of the Environmental Sound

Technology and is causing less pollution as compared to the other conventional power

plants.

23

Issue # 6:

What will be the pay back period of the gasification Plant?


It is about 6 years.

Issue # 7:

What will be the maximum life of the Plant?


The maximum life the plant is about 20 years.

Issue # 8:

Can UNEP increase its share for the technology?


No, UNEP can not increase its share.

Issue # 9:

Will this recommended Technology is tested?


Not here in Pakistan, but it is being in operation in developed countries.

24


28th APRIL 2010

Venue: Nazim Secretariat, Sanghar 0930 am Registration


1005 am Recitation of Holy Quran

1010 am Welcome address by Mr. Mushtaque Ahmed Soomro, D.O.

Agriculture Sanghar

1020 am Introduction to the project/ workshop by Prof. Dr. Khan Muhammad

Brohi, Director Institute of Environmental Engineering &

Management, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology

Jamshoro

1040 am Presentation # 1: Sustainable use of waste agricultural biomass

(WAB), by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Uqaili, Pro-Vice Chancellor

of Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro

1110 am Presentation # 2: Estimation & Current Management Practice of Waste

Agricultural Biomass (WAB) in district Sanghar, by Engr. Abdul

Razaque Sahito, Lecturer Mechanical Engineering Department,

Mehran University of Engineerng & Technology Jamshoro

1140 am Presentation # 3: Technology Option for Waste Agricultural Biomass

for District Sanghar, by Prof. Dr. Rasool Bux Mahar

1230 pm Questions & Answers

1250 pm Address by Guest of honor Mr. Abdul Malik, Chief Engineer GENCO

–I, Jamshoro Power Supply Company, Water & Power Development

Authority (WAPDA) Pakistan

0110 pm Presidential Speech of Mr. Rasool Bux Samejo, D.C.O. Sanghar


0140 pm Refreshment

25

PPHHOOTTOOGGRRAAPPHHSS OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRKK SSHHOOPP

26

27

Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy Source€¦ · Converting Waste Agricultural Biomass into Energy Source REPORT ON STAKE HOLDER'S CONSULTATION W ORKSHOPs ON W ASTE

Documents