Convergence Access Networks Challenge Gpon

ADVANCED ACCESS NETWORK’STHE CONVERGENCE CHALLENGE

(An Introduction to GPON)

Qasim Y. [email protected] Mobile Convergence Discussion Group LinkedIN

Multiple technologies?High CAPEX?High OPEX?Low Band?High power consumption?Space?Spares?

Currently deployed telecom access network solutions are mostly TDM-based (for narrowband traffic, e.g. legacy telephony) ATM-based (broadband traffic, e.g. ADSL)

The result is a gap between access network technology and service evolution trends

When and how to upgrade AN?

The Choices for Fiber Access• There are 2 choices for Fiber Access:

– Point to Point– Point to Multi-point

• Point to Point is sometimes called Active Ethernet• Point to Multi-point is called PON (passive optical network)

PassiveSplitters

ONT#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1

...

PONOLT

ActiveEthernetSwitch

ONU#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONU #1

...

The Choices for Fiber Access

PassiveSplitters

ONT#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1

...

PONOLT

ActiveEthernetSwitch

ONU#192ONT #1ONT #1ONT #1ONU #1

...

PON is analogous to wireless telephony (cellular)

Active Ethernet is analogous to wireline telephony

Both CapEx and OpEx cost savings favor PON

GEPON

GPON

FTTC / VDSL

Active Ethernet

Fiber

?????????

8

Passive Optical Network• No active electronics in the access network• Shared fibre to the splitter• Shared exchange equipment (OLT line card)• Encryption prevents eavesdropping on downstream traffic

TelephoneExchange

Optical Line Terminal, OLT

OpticalNetwork UnitONU

Fibre

Splitter1:32

• In a PON system, a single fiber connects multiple customers toa single transceiver at the central office (CO).

• The single fiber is split, using a passive optical splitter, to serve up to 32,64 soon 128 customers.

• Not only does PON reduce the amount of fiber required, but a single transceiver serves multiple customers instead of requiring one per customer.

PON A SIMPLE VIEW

PON advantagesshared infrastructure translates to lower cost per customer• minimal number of optical transceivers• feeder fiber and transceiver costs divided by N customers• greenfield per-customer cost similar to UTP

passive splitters translate to lower cost• can be installed anywhere• no power needed• essentially unlimited MTBF

fiber data-rates can be upgraded as technology improves• initially 155 Mbps• then 622 Mbps• now 1.25 Gbps• soon 2.5 Gbps and higher

11

Types of PON

Downstream

1490 nm

Upstream

1310 nm

BPON Broadband PON 622 Mbit/s 155 Mbit/s

EPON Ethernet PON 1 Gbit/s 1 Gbit/s

GPON Gigabit PON 2.5 Gbit/s 1.25 Gbit/s

10G-EPON

10 Gbit/s EPON

Due 2010

10 Gbit/s 1/10 Gbit/s

WDM-PON

Wavelength division multiplexed PON

No standard

1 wavelength per premises

No standard

1 wavelength per premises

Dedicated fibre unlimited unlimited

What are PONs, BPONs, and GPONs?

• Passive Optical Networks (PONs) Attributes– Fiber Access Technology with no active elements (i.e. electronic elements that

require no power) in the outside plant.– Uses Passive optical splitters to distribute traffic to the customers.– Consists of an Optical Line Terminator (OLT) located at the CO and many Optical

Network Terminals (ONTs) located at the customer’s premise.• Broadband PON (BPON) Attributes

– Based on mature ITU-T G.983 series standards– Provides up to 1.2Gbps Downstream and 622 Mbps Upstream capacities– Provides a separate wavelength for downstream video transmission

• Gigabit Capable PON (GPON) Attributes– Based on ITU-T G.984 series standards that are in progress– Provides up to 2.5 Gbps capacities for both Downstream and Upstream– Provides more efficient transport for data traffic

PON standards 2006

155 622 24881244

155

622

1244

2488

Upstream (Mb/s)

Downstream(Mb/s)

BPON

GPON

EPON

GPON

GPON DefinitionA Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) provides direct support of TDM and Ethernet traffic in their native formats using the Giga- bit Encapsulation method (GEM.)

GPON also supports all Ethernet protocols as wells as VLANs, quality and class of service, IGMP and other layer 2+ mechanisms required to accommodate various IP-based services.

GPON typically uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for security purposes.

GPON Benefits

• Supports Gigabit or above data rates on the PON• Optimizes the physical layer for

– Higher data rates for BW intensive applications (e.g. IP Video)– Greater Distance - reach more customers from the CO– More Splits - Reach more customers from a single PON

• Offers a more bandwidth efficient protocol for data centric services • Has the capability to support multiple services in their native formats.

–ATM–Packet (e.g. Ethernet) –TDM

The ITU and FSAN• In the late 1990’s a “Clandestine” group of operators was

formed:– Objective: “Global Domination of the Fiber Access Market”– The group called itself FSAN

The FSAN Committee• FSAN stands for Full Service Access Network• Loosely affiliated with the ITU• Develops all PON standards prior to submission to the ITU• FSAN membership consists of both operators and vendors• But operators make all final decisions• Membership of vendors is tightly controlled by FSAN

Operators

PON standards

• FSAN - Full Service Access Network is an organization for standardizing APON, BPON, and GPON in ITU-T G.983.x– FSAN composed of major telco operators worldwide– Standards have been written and are mature– Enhancements continue to be made– Standardized products have begun to enter market

• IEEE - Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) study group is currently working on standardizing EPON– Standards work is ongoing– Initial draft planned by end of 2003– Comprised primarily of vendors with some operator participation

STANDARDS SETTING BODIES

The IEEE• IEEE well known Protocols

– 802.3 Ethernet– 802.11 WiFi– 802.16 WiMAX

• IEEE Membership is diverse– System vendors, chip vendors, optics vendors, industry cunsultants

and academia• IEEE Voting

– Each member gets one vote– No limit to the number of votes from a given company

• “Personality” of IEEE standards reflect interests of Vendors– Often leads to low-cost solution– Often only hits 80% of market– Often doesn’t produce migration strategy

• IEEE standards don’t necessarily reflect Operator Preferences

The ITU• ITU well known Protocols

– SDH– V 5.2– ISDN– VoIP protocols H.248 and H.323

• ITU Membership– Membership controlled by ITU Member-Countries– Membership open to Operators, Institutions, and Vendors

• ITU Voting– Voting is through consent– Each company get one vote– Companies can object (but can’t stall process)

• “Personality” of ITU standards reflect interests of Operators– Addresses the operator requirements– Addresses the operator constraints– Addresses the service provider’s operational models– Not focused solely on low cost– Duration of Standardization Process relatively short

Standards Comparison

ITU (GPON) IEEE (P-P & EPON)

Mission/Objective Full Service Access Network (FSAN)

Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)

Attendees Service Provider focused Enterprise and consumer market focused

Committee Operating Protocol Carriers drive and approve vendors technical recommendations

One person- One vote

Wavelengths Specified Specified

Maximum PON Speeds 2.4 Gb/s 1.25 Gb/s

Bandwidth efficiency Greater than 90% Less than 75%

Attenuation Range 25 dB 24 dB

QoS Specified Left to vendor

Network synchronization Specified Left to vendor

Security Specified Left to vendor

Major Members Of Full Service Access Network (FSAN)

FSAN Recommends Standards to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

All over the world operators go for PON - PON subscribers will dominate PTP subscribers

Source: Broadband trends, 10/2007

Subs

crib

ers

(000

)

-

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PONP2P

Worldwide fiber deployments

24

GPON System Architecture

IP

TDMoP GW

TDM

G-Light

G-Light

G-Light

GigE

10GigE

GigE

TDM: STM-1, E1,

GPON Splitters1:81:321:64

G-Light

Residential

Business

SFU

MDU

SBU

MTU

2.41.2

OLT ODN ONUs/ONTsMTU – Multi Tenat UnitSBU – Small Bussiness UnitMDU – Multi-Dwelling Unit - apartment buildingsSFU – Single Family Unit

GPON technology introduction

> Voice, data and video (bi-directional) for 32 (or 64) subscribers over a single fiber> 2.4/1.2 Gb/s data rate over two wavelengths> Up to 20 km (12.4 mi.) span > GEM (packet) based encapsulation on the PON.> In band video support.> FSAN standards compliant OLT and ONT system

20 km (12.4 mi.)

2.4 Gb/s1,490 nm

1,310 nm

Splitters7342 P-OLT

AWS/WAM

Central Office or Remote Terminal

FiberDistribution

PassiveOutside Plant

1.2 Gb/s

The Market Opportunities for GPON• There are Numerous Market Opportunities for GPON

– Lower OpEx– Greater Service Offering– Future-proof investment

• The real question is When and Where does it make economic sense to deploy GPON

• The quickest application appears to be the Developer Market and ‘Smart FTTH’ Communities

PON Fiber in the Access

PON Network Splits Single Fiber Link Into Individual Links to Subscribers

The FTTH Access Network – OLTs In The Central Office, ONUs in CPEs

The FTTH Access Network – OLTs In The Central Office, ONUs in CPEs

Upstream DownstreamMbps

150 100 25 20 10 5 0 5 10 20 25 100 15015

Dial-up

ADSL2+

Cable Modem

VDSL2

FTTH

Next Hosted Applications & Storage

HDTV VOD

Large File Sharing

Telemedicine

Premises Web HostingMulti-Player Gaming, Interactive Distance Learning

Real Time SDTV, Network PVR

File Sharing, Home Video Sharing/Streaming

SDTV VOD, Telecommuting

Video Conferencing, Premises Surveillance

Web Surfing

(per sub)

GPON are premium for ALL services!!!

ADSL2+ can cover the Triple-play service bandwidth requirement.

VDSL2 can cover even the HDTV service !

Consumer’s BandWidth Requirements Met by FTTH

Comparison of DSL, Cable and FTTH Technology Bandwidth

Premise

IMS

IP-TV

VoD

Internet

VPN

Local Exchange

IP/MPLS

2G / 3GBTS

Houses / Villas

Wimax

Office building

Flats

CPE

Flats

Fiber

Passive splitter

Access Node

Edge Node

FIXED ACCESS CORE

Mobile

Premise

IMS

IP-TV

VoD

Internet

VPNVPN

Local Exchange

IP/MPLS

2G / 3GBTS

Houses / Villas

Wimax

Office building

Flats

CPE

Flats

Fiber

Passive splitter

Access Node

Edge Node

Fiber

Passive splitter

Access Node

Edge Node

FIXED ACCESS CORE

MobileMobile

GPON – RIGHT CHOICE FOR UANGPON – RIGHT CHOICE FOR UAN

Fixed Access Development - Overview

FTTH Fixed Access Network Architecture.

GPON BACKHAUL

• LL cost according to distance & bandwidth• Exclude Installation fee, according to

existing cable & office, charge from 700 to 60000Euro

Mobile Broadband Backhaul

Region E1

North America 400USD/Month

Europe （ BT） 700 ～ 1950Euro/M

Japan （ Emobile） 1100USD/Month

Leased Line Cost

• Mobile broadband developing leads to bearing bandwidth increase 50 times, and the cost of backhaul will increase 10 times.

• Data service consume more bandwidth but bring less revenue per bit in mobile broadband era.

• How to reduce the backhaul cost is a big challenge for mobile operator.

Challenge: Conflict of Backhaul Bandwidth Requirement & Cost

GPON Backhaul Solution – Native TDM

• Voice and data flow offload from BTS/NodeB.• OLT forward voice flow to SDH network and data to IP network.• Clock delivered from SDH network through GPON line to BTS/NodeB.• Suitable for operators to reuse SDH network and develop IP network to carry increasing data traffic.

BTS

NodeB

OLT

BSC

RNC

SDH

SGSN

MGWMGCF

CSCF

GMSC

MSC

IPCore

ONT

ONT

GPON Backhaul Solution – ALL IP

SGSN

MGW

BSC

OLT

PTN

RNC

BTS

PTN

NodeB

MGCF

CSCF

GMSC

MSC

MetroEthernet

IPCore

TDM Pseudowire

ONT

ONT

• Suitable for operators to deploy ALL IP backhaul network, and access residential / enterprise subscribers together.

• TDM PWE3,Core and aggregation network is IP,GPON Native TDM mode to carry legacy service.

• Smoothly upgrade from Native TDM solution (SDH) without replacing ONT

SDH

Reference

clock

E1

NodeB

OLT

BSC

GPONATM STM-1

ONT

FE

BTS

Distribute clock through Synchronous Ethernet or E1/STM-1 to Aggr GW

E1

RNC

N*E1

OLT use the clock as system clock OLT distribute clock

through GPON line

CBU recover clock and deliver to NodeB/BTS through E1/BITS or synchronous Ethernet

Input clock to RNC/BSC

N*E1/STM-1

Offload scenario, Distribute clock through SDH network

SDH deliver the Clock synchronization signal to OLT.Saving the investment by reuse existing SDH network.No need any change within the whole networkIt is the most suited clock solution currently as this is readily available in the network.

GE10GE

IP

Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 1

Synchronization for GPON Backhaul – Option 2

BSCBSC

N*E1

TDM N x E1 /ch-STM-1

IP/MPLS Metro10GE

FE/GE//ATM STM-1

BTS/NB

OLT RNCRNCPTN

Fiber

BTS/NBONT

POP Gateway

10GE

PE-Agg

BITS/SDH

Clock D/R

E1

LTEONT

WIMAX

ONT

Using IEEE 1588v2 for the synchronization This requires the whole network to support IEEE 1588v2 It will be the future option for mobile backhaul.

Telco site

Enterprise A

Enterprise BMSTP Business

Cloud

LAN

LAN

Type B Protection

2 protected points

ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type B

SBU

OLT

Eth Switch

Telco site

Enterprise A

Enterprise B MSTPBusiness Cloud

LAN

LAN

Type C Protection

5 protected points

ITU-T G.984 standard for GPON reliability-Type C

Eth Switch

SBU OLT

When required?

Add more protection between splitter and SBU or MDUAlso Provide dual homing to two different OLT.No big difference with Type B.

GPON SECURITY

GPON system security solution

AES

AES

• Line encryption technology

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)128

• User security authentication

• RADIUS

• Network security

• SSH

• SNMP v3• User security

• DHCP Option 60/82

InternetInternet

• System security

• VLAN isolation

• MAC filter

• ACL

• Anti DOS

• Anti MAC/IP/ARP/DHCPSecurity

GPON encryptionOLT encrypts using AES-128 in counter modeOnly payload is encrypted (not ATM or GEM headers)

Encryption blocks aligned to GTC frameCounter is shared by OLT and all ONUs

– 46b = 16b intra-frame + 30 bits inter-frame– intra-frame counter increments every 4 data bytes

• reset to zero at beginning of DS GTC frame

OLT and each ONU must agree on a unique symmetric keyOLT asks ONU for a password (in PLOAMd)

ONU sends password US in the clear (in PLOAMu)

– key sent 3 times for robustnessOLT informs ONU of precise time to start using new key

PONs Slide 46

PON

architecture

PONs Slide 47

Terminologylike every other field, PON technology has its own terminology• the CO head-end is called an OLT• ONUs are the CPE devices (sometimes called ONTs in ITU)• the entire fiber tree (incl. feeder, splitters, distribution fibers) is an ODN• all trees emanating from the same OLT form an OAN• downstream is from OLT to ONU (upstream is the opposite direction)

downstream

Optical Network Units

upstream

Optical Distribution NetworkNNI

Terminal Equipment

UNI

core splitter

Optical Line Terminal

Optical Access Network

PONs Slide 48

PON principles(almost) all PON types obey the same basic principles

OLT and ONU consist of • Layer 2 (Ethernet MAC, ATM adapter, etc.)• optical transceiver using different s for transmit and receive• optionally: Wavelength Division Multiplexer

downstream transmission• OLT broadcasts data downstream to all ONUs in ODN• ONU captures data destined for its address, discards all other data• encryption needed to ensure privacy

upstream transmission• ONUs share bandwidth using Time Division Multiple Access• OLT manages the ONU timeslots• ranging is performed to determine ONU-OLT propagation time

additional functionality• Physical Layer OAM• Autodiscovery• Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

PONs Slide 49

Why a new protocol ?

PON has a unique architecture• (broadcast) point-to-multipoint in DS direction• (multiple access) multipoint-to-point in US direction

contrast that with, for example • Ethernet - multipoint-to-multipoint• ATM - point-to-point

This means that existing protocolsdo not provide all the needed functionalitye.g. receive filtering, ranging, security, BW

allocation

downstreamupstream

Advantages of Gpon

• Speed• Flexibility• Responsivness• Interoperability

Interoperability

GPON BENEFITS AND CONCULUSIONS

COMPARISON OF PON WITH OTHER BROAD BAND ACCESS TECHOLOGIES (DSL,VDSL, cable/modem)

ADVANTAGES • These include a long-term life expectancy of the fiber

infrastructure,• lower operating costs through the reduction of

“active components, support for greater distances between equipment nodes

• most importantly, much greater bandwidth.DSL-certain megabits per sec, FTTH pon 1 to 2.5Gbps

• Since Pon uses only passive components it has low power requirements less no of technicians cost savings up 40 t0 60% Savings mainly result from lower customer contacts

associated with service orders and trouble reporting, outside plant operations, central office operations, and network operations.

• It provides high bandwidth for high-speed Internet access, video on demand,IPTV and voice over IP (VoIP) .

An illustration of an Ideal Access Network for Convergence Fixed / Mobile Applications

CLOSING REMARKSICT Infrastructures are best delivered with GPON FTTH

technologiesIncreasing Bandwidth Demand required Platforms with

Long Term Readiness and can deliver higher bandwidth today.

Convergence will remain a myth without Interoperable lower OPEX Access Platforms.

GPON offers more services over a single Access Network with lower Fiber Cost and Long Term Readiness.

Incumbents are upgrading on GPON and new Carriers are evaluation more diverse revenue opportunities from GPON.

END OF PRESENTATIONTHANK YOU

EMAIL: [email protected]