CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE in The Media A Closer Look at the AMBER Alert.

CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE

in The Media

A Closer Look at the AMBER Alert

Media Push

Political Response to the Media

Media Frenzy and Jaycee Dugard

News Media in America

• Mass Media: Sources that provide information to average citizens on a day-to-day basis.

• Examples– Newspapers– Radio – Television – Internet

The Beginning News Media in Early America:

The Evolution of the American Press

• Penny press –Made newspapers available to more of the population.

• Wire service – An organization that gathers news and sells it to other media outlets.

• Yellow journalism – A style of newspaper featuring sensationalized stories, bold headlines, and illustrations.

The Rise of Modern Media: More Technology—and Federal Regulation

• FCC – Created in 1934 to regulate American radio stations, and later expanded to regulate other broadcast media

• Broadcast media – Communications technologies, such as TV and radio, that transmit information over airwaves

A Picture is Worth 1,000 Words

Who Controls Mass Media? Deregulation

• media conglomerates – companies that control a large number of media sources across several types of media outlets.

• cross-ownership – The trend toward single-company ownership of several kinds of media

Comparing News Sources

• Newspapers

• Magazines and Books

• Wire Services

• Television Broadcast News

• Cable Television

• AM Talk Radio

• Internet

The Internet and Political Journalism

• News cycle - The time between the release of information and its publication.

• Mainstream media - Media sources that predate the Internet, such as newspapers, magazines, and broadcast news.

How Media Works: Leaks, Shield Laws

• Leak – the release of classified or politically embarrassing information by a government employee to a member of the press.

• Shield Laws – Legislation, which exists in some states but not at the federal level, that gives reporters the right to refuse to name the sources of their information

How media works: On press conferences, “off-the record” remarks

• press conferences – meetings held by politicians where they take questions from the media.

• on background/off the record – when politicians speak to single reporters and stipulate that they can be quoted, but not by name.

The News Landscape

Media usage trends

Journalists’ Self Reported Ideologies

Self-Reported Ideology of Journalists who cover politics & the economy

Political Knowledge Levels by News Source

Political Knowledge Levels by News Source

Media Effects: How does media affect our political perceptions?

• Media effects – The influence of coverage on average citizens’ opinions and actions.

• Filtering – The influence on public opinion that results from journalists’ and editors’ decisions about which of many potential news stories to report.

• Slant – The imbalance in a story that covers one candidate or policy favorably without providing similar coverage of the other side.

Measuring media effects

• Priming – The influence on the public’s general impressions caused by positive or negative coverage of a candidate or issue.

• Framing – The influence on public opinion caused by the way a story is presented or covered, including the details, explanations, and context offered in the report.

Framing Effects

Measuring Framing Effects

Measuring Framing Effects

Partisanship

Media Effects

How Journalists View Their Profession

Assessing Media Coverage of American Politics

• Hostile media phenomenon – the idea that supporters of a candidate or issue tend to feel that media coverage is biased against their position.

• Attack journalism – A type of journalism where “bad news makes for good news,” “the mere whiff of a controversy or scandal is grounds for a story.”

• Horse race coverage – The type of election coverage that focuses more on poll results and speculation about a likely winner than on substantive differences between the candidates.

Public Opinion Poll

Do you believe the media has a conservative or liberal bias, or no real political bias?

a) liberal biasb) conservative biasc) no real political bias

Public Opinion Poll

When you watch the news on television, which broadcast station are you most likely to watch?

a) CNN

b) FOX

c) MSNBC

d) major network ABC/CBS/NBC news station

Public Opinion Poll

During a typical week, how many days do you watch or read news, not including sports, on the Internet?

a) 0 days

b) 1–2 days

c) 3–4 days

d) 5 or more days

Public Opinion Poll

“There should be limits on media criticism of the government during a time of war.” Do you agree with this statement?

a) Strongly agree

b) Agree

c) Disagree

d) Strongly Disagree

Public Opinion Poll

Some nations restrict foreign ownership of major media outlets. Should the United States adopt such a policy?

a) Yes

b) No

Chapter 6: The Media

• Practice quizzes

• Flashcards

• Outlines

wwnorton.com/studyspace

Following this slide, you will find additional slides with photos, figures, and captions from the textbook.

Media Sources

What Difference Does the Internet Make?