Concertos

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Concertos

ContentsArticlesOverview 1

Concerto 1Concertino 9Concerto grosso 10Concerto for orchestra 11Sinfonia concertante 13Ripieno concerto 15Solo concerto 16Student concerto 18

Concertos by instrument 19

Bass oboe concerto 19Bassoon concerto 19Cello concerto 23Clarinet concerto 27Double bass concerto 34Double concertos for violin and cello 36English horn 41Flute concerto 51Harmonica concerto 55Harpsichord concerto 58Oboe concerto 60Organ concerto 62Piano concerto 66Timpani concerto 68Triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano 69Trumpet concerto 72Viola concerto 73Violin concerto 78

Examples 82

Bassoon – Bassoon Concerto (Mozart) 82Cello – Cello Concerto (Elgar) 83

Clarinet – Clarinet Concerto (Mozart) 86Double – Double Concerto (Brahms) 89Flute – Flute Concerto (Simpson) 92Harmonica – Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra (Arnold) 93Harpsichord – Harpsichord concertos (Bach) 93Oboe – Oboe Concerto (Mozart) 100Orchestra – Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók) 101Organ – Organ Concerto (Poulenc) 104Piano – Piano Concerto No. 2 (Rachmaninoff) 105Sinfonia – Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart) 109Triple – Triple Concerto (Beethoven) 110Trumpet – Trumpet Concerto (Haydn) 111Viola – Viola Concerto (Bartók) 112Violin – Violin Concerto (Beethoven) 114

Concertos by composer 116

Concertos by Christoph Graupner 116Concertos by Joseph Haydn 118

ReferencesArticle Sources and Contributors 121Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 123

Article LicensesLicense 124

1

Overview

Concerto

Frederick the Great playing a flute concerto in Sanssouci, C. P. E. Bach at thepiano, Johann Joachim Quantz is leaning on the wall to the right; by Adolph

Menzel, 1852

A concerto (from the Italian: concerto,plural concerti or, often, the anglicised formconcertos) is a musical work usuallycomposed in three parts or movements, inwhich (usually) one solo instrument (forinstance, a piano, violin, cello or flute) isaccompanied by an orchestra.

The etymology is uncertain, but the wordseems to have originated from theconjunction of the two Latin wordsconserere (meaning to tie, to join, to weave)and certamen (competition, fight): the ideais that the two parts in a concerto, the soloistand the orchestra, alternate episodes ofopposition, cooperation, and independencein the creation of the music flow.

The concerto, as understood in this modern way, arose in the Baroque period side by side with the concerto grosso,which contrasted a small group of instruments with the rest of the orchestra. The popularity of the concerto grossoform declined after the Baroque period, and the genre was not revived until the 20th century. The solo concerto,however, has remained a vital musical force from its inception to this day.

Baroque concertoThe concerto was established as a form of composition in the Baroque period. Starting from a form called Concertogrosso introduced by Arcangelo Corelli, it evolved into the form we understand today as performance of a soloistwith/against an orchestra.The main composers of concerti of the baroque were: Tommaso Albinoni, Antonio Vivaldi, Georg PhilippTelemann, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Pietro Locatelli, Giuseppe Tartini, Francesco Geminianiand Johann Joachim Quantz. The concerto was intended as a composition typical of the Italian style of the time, andall the composers were studying how to compose in the Italian fashion (all'italiana).The baroque concerto was mainly for a string instrument (violin, viola, cello, seldom viola d'amore or harp) or awind instrument (oboe, trumpet, flute, or horn).During the baroque period, before the invention of the piano, keyboard concertos were comparatively rare, with theexception of the organ and some harpsichord concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach. As the harpsichord evolved intothe fortepiano, and in the end to the modern piano, the increased volume and the richer sound of the new instrumentallowed the keyboard instrument to better compete with a full orchestra.Cello concertos have been written since the Baroque era if not earlier. Among the works from that period, those byAntonio Vivaldi and Giuseppe Tartini are still part of the standard repertoire today.

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Classical concertoThe concerti of the sons of Johann Sebastian Bach are perhaps the best links between those of the Baroque periodand those of Mozart. C.P.E. Bach’s keyboard concerti contain some brilliant soloistic writing. Some of them havemovements that run into one another without a break, and there are frequent cross-movement thematic references.Mozart, as a boy, made arrangements for harpsichord and orchestra of three sonata movements by Johann ChristianBach. By the time he was twenty, Mozart was able to write concerto ritornelli that gave the orchestra admirableopportunity for asserting its character in an exposition with some five or six sharply contrasted themes, before thesoloist enters to elaborate on the material. He wrote one concerto each for flute, oboe (later rearranged for flute andknown as Flute Concerto No. 2), clarinet, and bassoon, four for horn, a Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra, anda Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra. They all exploit and explore the characteristics of the soloinstrument. His five violin concerti, written in quick succession, show a number of influences, notably Italian andAustrian. Several passages have leanings towards folk music, as manifested in Austrian serenades. However, it wasin his twenty-seven original piano concerti that he excelled himself. It is conventional to state that the firstmovements of concerti from the Classical period onwards follow the structure of sonata form.

Romantic concertoIn the romantic era, the concerto largely narrowed to three genres: the violin concerto, the cello concerto and thepiano concerto. Virtually no major composer wrote concertos for wind instruments.

Violin concertosIn the 19th century the concerto was a vehicle for virtuosic display flourished as never before. It was the age inwhich the artist was seen as hero, to be worshipped and adulated with rapture. Early Romantic traits can be found inthe violin concertos of Viotti, but it is Spohr’s twelve violin concertos, written between 1802 and 1827, that trulyembrace the Romantic spirit with their melodic as well as their dramatic qualities. Beethoven’s Violin Concerto isunique in its scale and melodic qualities. Recitative elements are often incorporated, showing the influence of Italianopera on purely instrumental forms. Mendelssohn opens his violin concerto (1844) with the singing qualities of theviolin solo. Even later passage work is dramatic and recitative-like, rather than merely virtuosic. The windinstruments state the lyrical second subject over a low pedal G on the violin – certainly an innovation. The cadenza,placed at the start of the recapitulation, is fully written out and integrated into the structure.The great violin virtuoso Niccolò Paganini was a legendary figure who, as a composer, exploited the technicalpotential of his instrument to its very limits. Each one exploits rhapsodic ideas but is unique in its own form. TheBelgian violinist Henri Vieuxtemps contributed several works to this form. Édouard Lalo's Symphonie Espagnole(1875) displays virtuoso writing with a Spanish flavor. Max Bruch wrote three violin concertos, but it is the first, inG minor, that has remained a firm favorite in the repertoire. The opening movement relates so closely to the tworemaining movements that it functions like an operatic prelude. Tchaikovsky’s violin concerto (1878) is a powerfulwork which succeeds in being lyrical as well as superbly virtuosic. In the same year Brahms wrote his violinconcerto for the virtuoso Joseph Joachim. This work makes new demands on the player, so much so that when it wasfirst written it was referred to as a "concerto against the violin". The first movement brings the concerto into therealm of symphonic development. The second movement is traditionally lyrical, and the finale is based on a livelyHungarian theme.

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Cello concertosSince the Romantic era, the cello has received as much attention as the piano and violin as a concerto instrument,and many great Romantic and even more 20th century composers left examples. Antonín Dvořák’s cello concertoranks among the supreme examples from the Romantic era while those of Robert Schumann, Carl Reinecke, DavidPopper, and Julius Klengel focus on the lyrical qualities of the instrument. Beethoven contributed to the repertoirewith a Triple Concerto for piano, violin, cello and orchestra while later in the century, Brahms wrote a DoubleConcerto for violin, cello and orchestra. The instrument was also popular with composers of the Franco-Belgiantradition: Saint-Saëns and Vieuxtemps wrote two cello concertos each and Lalo and Jongen one. Tchaikovsky’scontribution to the genre is a series of Variations on a Rococo Theme. He also left very fragmentary sketches of aprojected Cello Concerto which was only completed in 2006. Elgar's popular concerto, while written in the early20th century, belongs to the late romantic period stylistically. In addition, Ernest Bloch wrote Schelomo, RhapsodieHébraïque for cello solo and orchestra in the 20th century.Today's 'core' repertoire which is performed the most of any cello concertos are by Elgar, Dvořák, Saint-Saëns,Haydn, Shostakovich, Tchaikovsky and Schumann but there are many more concertos which are performed nearly asoften (see below: cello concertos in the 20th century).

Piano concertosBeethoven’s five piano concertos increase the technical demands made on the soloist. The last two are particularlyremarkable, integrating the concerto into a large symphonic structure with movements that frequently run into oneanother. His Piano Concerto no 4 starts, against tradition, with a statement by the piano, after which the orchestramagically enters in a foreign key, to present what would normally have been the opening tutti. The work has anessentially lyrical character. The slow movement is a dramatic dialogue between the soloist and the orchestra.Concerto no 5 has the basic rhythm of a Viennese military march. There is no lyrical second subject, but in its placea continuous development of the opening material. He also wrote a Triple Concerto for piano, violin, cello, andorchestra.The piano concertos of Mendelssohn, Field, and Hummel provide a link from the Classical concerto to the Romanticconcerto. Chopin wrote two piano concertos in which the orchestra is very much relegated to an accompanying role.Schumann, despite being a pianist-composer, wrote a piano concerto in which virtuosity is never allowed to eclipsethe essential lyrical quality of the work. The gentle, expressive melody heard at the beginning on woodwind andhorns (after the piano’s heralding introductory chords) bears the material for most of the argument in the firstmovement. In fact, argument in the traditional developmental sense is replaced by a kind of variation technique inwhich soloist and orchestra interweave their ideas.Liszt's mastery of piano technique matched that of Paganini for the violin. His concertos No. 1 and No. 2 left a deepimpression on the style of piano concerto writing, influencing Rubinstein, and especially Tchaikovsky, whose firstpiano concerto's rich chordal opening is justly famous. Grieg’s concerto likewise begins in a striking manner afterwhich it continues in a lyrical vein.Brahms's First Piano Concerto in D minor (pub 1861) was the result of an immense amount of work on a mass ofmaterial originally intended for a symphony. His Second Piano Concerto in B♭ major (1881) has four movementsand is written on a larger scale than any earlier concerto. Like his violin concerto, it is symphonic in proportions.Fewer piano concertos were written in the late Romantic Period. But Grieg-inspired Sergei Rachmaninoff wrote 4piano concertos between 1891 and 1926. His 2nd and 3rd, being the most popular of the 4, went on to becomeamong the most famous in piano repertoire and shining examples of Russian musicianship.

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Small-scale worksBesides the usual three-movement works with the title "concerto", many 19th-century composers wrote shorterpieces for solo instrument and orchestra, often bearing descriptive titles. From around 1800 such pieces were oftencalled Konzertstück or Phantasie by German composers. Liszt wrote the Totentanz for piano and orchestra, aparaphrase of the Dies Irae. Max Bruch wrote a popular Scottish Fantasy for violin and orchestra, César Franckwrote Les Djinns and Variations symphoniques, and Gabriel Fauré wrote a Ballade for piano and orchestra.Tchaikovsky's Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra have an important place in the instrument'srepertoire. Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini is widely considered to be structured similarly to apiano concerto.

20th centuryMany of the concertos written in the early 20th century belong more to the late Romantic school than to anymodernistic movement. Masterpieces were written by Edward Elgar (a violin concerto and a cello concerto), SergeiRachmaninoff and Nikolai Medtner (four and three piano concertos, respectively), Jean Sibelius (a violin concerto),Frederick Delius (a violin concerto, a cello concerto, a piano concerto and a double concerto for violin and cello),Karol Szymanowski (two violin concertos and a "Symphonie Concertante" for piano), and Richard Strauss (two hornconcertos, a violin concerto, Don Quixote —a tone poem which features the cello as a soloist— and among laterworks, an oboe concerto).However, in the first decades of the 20th century, several composers such as Debussy, Schoenberg, Berg, Hindemith,Stravinsky, Prokofiev and Bartók started experimenting with ideas that were to have far-reaching consequences forthe way music is written and, in some cases, performed. Some of these innovations include a more frequent use ofmodality, the exploration of non-western scales, the development of atonality, the wider acceptance of dissonances,the invention of the twelve-tone technique of composition and the use of polyrhythms and complex time signatures.These changes also affected the concerto as a musical form. Beside more or less radical effects on musical language,they led to a redefinition of the concept of virtuosity in order to include new and extended instrumental techniques aswell as a focus on aspects of sound that had been neglected or even ignored before such as pitch, timbre anddynamics. In some cases, they also brought about a new approach to the role of the soloist and its relation to theorchestra.

Violin concertosTwo great innovators of early 20th-century music, Schoenberg and Stravinsky, both wrote violin concertos. Thematerial in Schoenberg’s concerto, like that in Berg’s, is linked by the twelve-tone serial method. Bartók, anothermajor 20th century composer, wrote two important concertos for violin. Russian composers Prokofiev andShostakovich both wrote two concertos while Khachaturian wrote a concerto and a Concerto-Rhapsody for theinstrument. Hindemith’s concertos hark back to the forms of the 19th century, even if the harmonic language whichhe used was different.Three violin concertos from David Diamond show the form in neoclassical style.More recently, Dutilleux's L'Arbre des Songes has proved an important addition to the repertoire and a fine exampleof the composer's atonal yet melodic style.Other composers of major violin concertos include Jean Sibelius, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Walton, BenjaminBritten, Frank Martin, Carl Nielsen, Paul Hindemith, Alfred Schnittke, György Ligeti, Philip Glass, John Adams,and Kan-no.

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Cello concertosIn the 20th century, particularly after the Second World War, the cello enjoyed an unprecedented popularity. As aresult, its concertante repertoire caught up with those of the piano and the violin both in terms of quantity andquality.An important factor in this phenomenon was the rise of virtuoso cellist Mstislav Rostropovich. His outstandingtechnique and passionate playing prompted dozens of composers to write pieces for him, first in his native SovietUnion and then abroad. His creations include such masterpieces as Sergei Prokofiev's Symphony-Concerto, DmitriShostakovich's two cello concertos, Benjamin Britten's Cello-Symphony (which emphasizes, as its title suggests, theequal importance of soloist and orchestra), Henri Dutilleux' Tout un monde lointain, Witold Lutosławski's celloconcerto, Dmitri Kabalevsky's two cello concertos, Aram Khachaturian's Concerto-Rhapsody, Arvo Pärt's Pro etContra, Alfred Schnittke, André Jolivet and Krzysztof Penderecki second cello concertos, Sofia Gubaidulina'sCanticles of the Sun, Luciano Berio's Ritorno degli Snovidenia, Leonard Bernstein's Three Meditations, JamesMacMillan's cello concerto and Olivier Messiaen's Concert à quatre (a quadruple concerto for cello, piano, oboe,flute and orchestra).In addition, several important composers who were not directly influenced by Rostropovich wrote cello concertos:György Ligeti, Alexander Glazunov, Paul Hindemith, Toru Takemitsu, Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger, NikolaiMyaskovsky, Samuel Barber, Joaquín Rodrigo, Elliot Carter, Erich Wolfgang Korngold, William Walton, HeitorVilla-Lobos, Hans Werner Henze, Bernd Alois Zimmermann and Einojuhani Rautavaara for instance.

Piano concertosSchoenberg’s Piano Concerto is a well known example of piano concerti. In addition, Stravinsky wrote three worksfor solo piano and orchestra: Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments, Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra, andMovements for Piano and Orchestra. Prokofiev, another Russian composer, wrote no less than five piano concertoswhich he himself performed. Shostakovich composed two. Fellow soviet composer Khachaturian contributed to therepertoire with a piano concerto and a Concerto-Rhapsody.Bartók also wrote three piano concertos. Like their violin counterparts, they show the various stages in his musicaldevelopment.Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote concertos for piano and for two pianos while Britten's concerto for piano (1938) is afine work from his early period.György Ligeti's concerto is a good example of a more recent piece (1985) that uses complex rhythms. Russiancomposer Rodion Shchedrin has written six piano concertos.Finnish composer Einojuhani Rautavaara wrote three piano concertos, the third one dedicated to VladimirAshkenazy, who played and conducted the world première.

Concertos for other instrumentsThe 20th century also witnessed a growth of the concertante repertoire of instruments, some of which had seldom ornever been used in this capacity. As a result, almost all the instruments of the classical orchestra now have aconcertante repertoire. Examples include:• Alto saxophone Concerto:Creston, Dahl, Denisov, Dubois, Glazunov, Ibert, Koch, Larsson, Maslanka, Tomasi,

Yoshimatsu• Bandoneón Concerto: Piazzolla• Baritone saxophone Concerto: Gaines• Bassoon Concerto: Aho, Eckhardt-Gramatté, Gubaidulina, Hétu, Jolivet, Davies, Panufnik, Sæverud, J. Williams• Bass clarinet Concerto: Bouliane• Bass oboe Concerto: Bryars

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• Clarinet Concerto: Aho, Arnold, Copland, Denisov, Dusapin, Fairouz, Françaix, Hétu, Hindemith, Kan-no,Nielsen, Penderecki, Rautavaara, Stravinsky, Takemitsu, Tomasi, J. Williams

• Contrabassoon Concerto: Aho, Erb• Cornet Concerto: Wright• Double bass Concerto: Aho, Bottesini, Dragonetti, Henze, Koussevitsky, Davies, Ohzawa Rautavaara, Tubin• Drum set Concerto : Beck• Euphonium Concerto: Cosma, Ewazen, Gillingham, Golland, Graham, Horovitz, Lindberg, Linkola, Sparke,

Wilby.• Flute Concerto: Aho, Arnold, Denisov, Dusapin, Harman, Hétu, Ibert, Jolivet, Nielsen, Penderecki, Rautavaara,

Rodrigo, Takemitsu, J. Williams• Free bass accordion Concerto: Serry, Sr.• Guitar Concerto: Arnold, Brouwer, Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Carulli, Giuliani, Hovhaness, Ohana, Ponce, Rodrigo,

Villa-Lobos• Harmonica Concerto: Arnold, Vaughan Williams, Villa-Lobos• Harp Concerto: Ginastera, Glière, Jongen, Milhaud, Jolivet, Rautavaara, Rodrigo, Villa-Lobos• Harpsichord Concerto: de Falla, Glass, Górecki, Martinů, Poulenc• Horn Concerto: Aho, Arnold, Arutiunian, Bowen, Carter, Davies, Glière, Gipps, Hindemith, Hovhaness, Jacob,

Knussen, Ligeti, Murail, Penderecki, Strauss, Tomasi, J. Williams• Mandolin Concerto: Thile• Marimba Concerto: Creston, Larsen, Milhaud, Rosauro, Svoboda, Viñao• Oboe Concerto: Aho, Arnold, Bouliane, Denisov, Harman, MacMillan, Maderna, Martinů, Penderecki,

Shchedrin, Strauss, Vaughan Williams, Zimmermann• Organ Concerto: Arnold, Hanson, Harrison, Hétu, Hindemith, Jongen, Kan-no, MacMillan, Peeters, Poulenc,

Rorem, Sowerby• Percussion Concerto: Aho, Glass, Jolivet, MacMillan, Milhaud, Rautavaara, Susman• Piccolo Concerto: Liebermann• Shakuhachi Concerto: Takemitsu• Sheng Concerto: Kan-no, Unsuk Chin.• Soprano saxophone Concerto: Mackey, Torke, Yoshimatsu.• Tenor saxophone Concerto: Bennett, Ewazen, Wilder.• Timpani Concerto : Druschetzky, Glass, Kraft, Rosauro• Trombone Concerto: Aho, Dusapin, Holmboe, Milhaud, Rota, Rouse, Tomasi, Rimsky-Korsakov, Grondahl• Trumpet Concerto:Aho, Arnold, Arutiunian, Böhme, Jolivet, Perry, Williams, Zimmermann• Tuba Concerto: Aho, Arutiunian, Holmboe, Vaughan Williams, J. Williams• Viola Concerto: Aho, Arnold, Bartók, Denisov, Gubaidulina, Hindemith, Kan-no, Kancheli, Martinů, Milhaud,

Murail, Penderecki, Schnittke, Takemitsu, WaltonAmong the works of the prolific composer Alan Hovhaness may be noted Prayer of St. Gregory for trumpet andstrings.Today the concerto tradition has been continued by composers such as Maxwell Davies, whose series of StrathclydeConcertos exploit some of the instruments less familiar as soloists.

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Concertos for orchestraIn the 20th century, several important composers wrote concertos for orchestra. In these works, different sectionsand/or instruments of the orchestra are treated at one point or another as soloists with emphasis on solo sectionsand/or instruments changing during the piece. Famous examples include those written by:• Bartók• Kodály• Lutoslawski• Hindemith• Carter• Lindberg• ShchedrinDutilleux has also described his Métaboles as a concerto for orchestra, while Britten's well-known pedagogical workThe Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is essentially a concerto for orchestra in all but name.

Concertos for two or more instrumentsMany composers also wrote concertos for two or more soloists.In the Baroque era:• Vivaldi's concerti for 2, 3 or 4 violins, for 2 cellos, for 2 mandolins, for 2 trumpets, for 2 flutes, for oboe and

bassoon, for cello and bassoon... etc.• Bach's concerti for 2 violins, for 2, 3, or 4 harpsichords as well as several of his Brandenburg concertos.In the Classical era:• Mozart's concerti for 2 pianos and 3 pianos, the Sinfonia concertante for violin and viola, and his concerto for

flute and harp.• Salieri's Triple Concerto for oboe, violin and cello, and his double concerto for flute and oboe.In the Romantic era:• Beethoven's triple concerto for piano, violin, and cello.• Brahms's double concerto for violin and cello.• Bruch's double concerto for viola and clarinet.In the 20th century:• Malcolm Arnold's concerto for piano duet and strings, as well as his concerto for two violins and string orchestra• Béla Bartók's concerto for two pianos and percussion• Samuel Barber's Capricorn Concerto for flute, oboe and trumpet.• Benjamin Britten's double concerto for violin and viola.• Elliott Carter's double concerto for piano and harpsichord.• Frederick Delius's double concerto for violin and cello.• Jean Françaix's concerto for two pianos and another for two harps, as well as his Divertissement for string trio and

orchestra, his Quadruple Concerto for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon and orchestra, his Double Concerto for fluteand clarinet, and his Concerto for 15 Soloists and Orchestra

• Philip Glass's concerto for saxophone quartet.• Hans Werner Henze's double concerto for oboe and harp.• Paul Hindemith's concerto for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, harp, and orchestra as well as his concerto for

trumpet, bassoon, and strings• Gustav Holst's Fugal Concerto for flute, oboe and string orchestra• György Kurtág's double concerto for piano and cello.

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• Lowell Liebermann's concerto for flute and harp• György Ligeti's double concerto for flute and oboe.• Jon Lord's concerto for rock band.• Witold Lutosławski's concerto for oboe and harp.• Bohuslav Martinu's concerto for string quartet, concertino for piano trio and string orchestra, two concertante

duos for two violins, concerto for two pianos, sinfonia concertante No. 2 for violin, cello, oboe, bassoon andorchestra with piano, and his concerto for violin and piano.

• Olivier Messiaen's Concert à quatre for piano, cello, oboe and flute.• Darius Milhaud's Symphonie concertante for bassoon, horn, trumpet and double bass, as well as his concerti for

flute and violin, and for marimba and vibraphone.• Francis Poulenc's concerto for two pianos.• Joaquín Rodrigo's Concierto madrigal for 2 guitars and Concierto Andaluz for 4 guitars.• William Russo's concerto for blues band.• Alfred Schnittke's double concerto for oboe, harp, and strings as well as his Konzert zu Dritt, for violin, viola,

violoncello and strings.• Rodion Shchedrin's double concerto for piano and cello.• Michael Tippett's triple concerto for violin, viola, and cello.In the 21st century:• Leo Brouwer's Guitar Concerto No. 10 "Book of Signs", for two guitars• Mohammed Fairouz's Double Concerto 'States of Fantasy' for violin and cello• William P. Perry's Gemini Concerto for violin and piano• Karl Jenkins' Over the Stone for two harps

External links• Anthology of 20th century violin concertos [1]

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Concerto". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

References[1] http:/ / www. violinconcerto. de

Concertino 9

ConcertinoA concertino (or Konzertstück) is a short concerto freer in form. It normally takes the form of a one-movementmusical composition for solo instrument and orchestra, though some concertinos are written in several movementsplayed without a pause.

Famous concertinosListed by composer:• Cécile Chaminade: Concertino for Flute and Orchestra in D major• Ferdinand David: Concertino for Trombone and Bassoon• Lorenzo Ferrero: Three Baroque Buildings (1997) for trumpet, bassoon and string orchestra• Ferrero: Rastrelli in Saint Petersburg (2000) for oboe and string orchestra• Ferrero: Two Cathedrals in the South (2001) for trumpet and string orchestra• Ferrero: Guarini, the Master (2004) for violin and string orchestra• Leoš Janáček: Concertino for piano and chamber ensemble• Julius Klengel: Concertino for Cello in C major• Carl Maria von Weber: Concertino in C minor/E flat for Clarinet and Orchestra• Weber: Concertino in E minor for Horn and Orchestra• Weber: Konzertstück in F minor for Piano and Orchestra, Op. 79, J. 282 (later arranged for solo piano by Franz

Liszt, S. 576a)• Gilad Hochman: Concertino for String Orchestra and Flute Obbligato (2003). [1]

References[1] Recording (http:/ / giladhochman. com/ audio/ concertino. htm)

Concerto grosso 10

Concerto grossoThe concerto grosso (Italian for big concert(o), plural concerti grossi) is a form of baroque music in which themusical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the concertino) and full orchestra (the ripieno). This isin contrast to the concerto which features a single solo instrument with the melody line, accompanied by theorchestra.The form developed in the late seventeenth century, although the name was not used at first. Alessandro Stradellaseems to have written the first music in which two groups of different sizes are combined in the characteristic way.The name was first used by Giovanni Lorenzo Gregori in a set of 10 compositions published in Lucca in 1698[1] .The first major composer to use the term concerto grosso was Arcangelo Corelli. After Corelli's death, a collectionof twelve of his concerti grossi was published; not long after, composers such as Francesco Geminiani, PietroLocatelli and Giuseppe Torelli wrote concertos in the style of Corelli. He also had a strong influence on AntonioVivaldi.Two distinct forms of the concerto grosso exist: the concerto da chiesa (church concert) and the concerto da camera(chamber concert). (See also Sonata for a discussion about sonatas da camera and da chiesa.) The concerto dachiesa alternated slow and fast movements; the concerto da camera had the character of a suite, being introduced bya prelude and incorporating popular dance forms. These distinctions blurred over time.Corelli's concertino group was invariably two violins and a cello, with a string section as ripieno group. Both wereaccompanied by a basso continuo with some combination of harpsichord, organ, lute or theorbo. Handel wroteseveral collections of concerti grossi, and several of the Brandenburg Concertos by Bach also loosely follow theconcerto grosso form.The concerto grosso form was superseded by the solo concerto and the sinfonia concertante in the late eighteenthcentury, and new examples of the form did not appear for more than a century. In the twentieth century, the concertogrosso has been used by composers such as Igor Stravinsky, Ernest Bloch, Ralph Vaughan Williams, BohuslavMartinů, Malcolm Williamson, Henry Cowell, Alfred Schnittke, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Andrei Eshpai, Eino Tamberg,Krzysztof Penderecki, Jean Françaix and Philip Glass. While Edward Elgar may not be considered a moderncomposer, his romantic Introduction and Allegro strongly resembled the instrumentation setup of a concerto grosso.

References[1] Treccani Dizionario Biografico (http:/ / www. treccani. it/ enciclopedia/ giovanni-lorenzo-gregori_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ )

• Bennett, R. (1995). Investigating Musical Styles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Concerto for orchestra 11

Concerto for orchestraAlthough a concerto is usually a piece of music for one or more solo instruments accompanied by a full orchestra,several composers have written works with the apparently contradictory title Concerto for Orchestra. This title isusually chosen to emphasise soloistic and virtuosic treatment of various individual instruments or sections in theorchestra, with emphasis on instruments changing during the piece.For the distinction between the Concerto for Orchestra and the Sinfonia Concertante genres (or: forms): seesinfonia concertanteThe best known Concerto for Orchestra is the one by Béla Bartók (1943), although the title had been used severaltimes before.Goffredo Petrassi made the concerto for orchestra something of a speciality, writing eight of them since 1933. Hefinished the last one in 1972.

Concertos for Orchestra (in chronological order)• Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 38 by Paul Hindemith (1925)• Concerto for Orchestra, by Tadeusz Szeligowski (1930)• Concerto for Orchestra, by Gian Francesco Malipiero (1931)• Philharmonic Concerto, also by Paul Hindemith (1932)• Concerto per orchestra in Do maggiore by Mario Pilati (1933)• Concerto for Orchestra by Walter Piston (1933), which is based in part on Hindemith's work• Concerto for Orchestra by Zoltán Kodály (1939)• Concerto for Orchestra by Béla Bartók (1943)• Concerto for String Orchestra by Grażyna Bacewicz (1948)• Concerto for String Orchestra by Alan Rawsthorne (1949)• Concerto No.1 for Orchestra 'Arevakal', Op. 88 by Alan Hovhaness (1951)• Concerto No.7 for Orchestra, Op. 116 by Alan Hovhaness (1953)• Concerto for Orchestra by Witold Lutosławski (1950–54, which won him the UNESCO 1st prize in 1963.• Concerto No.8 for Orchestra, Op. 117 by Alan Hovhaness (1957)• Concerto for Orchestra by Giya Kancheli (1961)• Concerto for Orchestra by Grażyna Bacewicz (1962)• Concerto for Orchestra by Michael Tippett (1962–63)• Concerto for Orchestra No. 1 by Rodion Shchedrin (1963), subtitled "Naughty Limericks"• Concerto for Orchestra by Havergal Brian (1964)• Concerto for Orchestra by Roberto Gerhard (1965)• Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 8 by Robin Holloway (1967)• Concerto for Orchestra by Thea Musgrave (1967)• Concerto for Orchestra by Elliott Carter (1969)• Concerto for orchestra by Anthony Payne (1974)• Second Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 40 by Robin Holloway (1978)• Concerto for Orchestra by Roger Sessions (1979–81), which won him the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1982• Concerto for Orchestra by John McCabe (1982)• Concerto for Orchestra by Edward Gregson (1983) (revised versions 1989 and 2001)• Concerto for Orchestra by Robert Saxton (1984)• Concerto for Orchestra by Karel Husa (1986)• 1st Concerto for Orchestra by Steven Stucky (1986–87)

Concerto for orchestra 12

• Concerto for Orchestra by Leonard Bernstein (1986–89), which is also known as "Jubilee Games" for orchestraand baritone

• Concerto for Orchestra (Variations without a theme) by Denys Bouliane (1985–95)• Concerto for Orchestra by Joan Tower (1991)• Third Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 80 by Robin Holloway (1981–94)• Concerto for Orchestra (Zoroastrian Riddles) by Richard Danielpour (1996)• Strathclyde Concerto No. 10: Concerto for Orchestra by Peter Maxwell Davies (1996), actually a series of ten

concertos for soloists from the orchestra• Concerto for Orchestra (reseated) by Augusta Read Thomas (1998)• Concerto for Orchestra by Stanisław Skrowaczewski (1999)• Concerto for Orchestra by Menachem Zur (2001-2002) (revised version 2010)• Boston Concerto by Elliott Carter (2002)• Concerto for Orchestra by Jennifer Higdon (2002)• Yi°: Concerto for Orchestra by Tan Dun (2002)• Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 81 by Lowell Liebermann (2002)• Concerto for Orchestra by Magnus Lindberg (2003)• 2nd Concerto for Orchestra by Steven Stucky (2003, which won him the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 2005• Concerto for Orchestra by David Horne (2003–04)• Concerti for Orchestra by Milton Babbitt (2004)• Concierto para orquestra by Agustí Charles (2004)• Concerto for Orchestra by Alejandro Arguello (2004–05)• Fourth Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 101 by Robin Holloway (2004–06)• Concerto for Orchestra by Christopher Rouse (2007–2008)• Concerto for Orchestra by Rolf Martinsson (2008)• Symphony No. 5 (Concerto for Orchestra) by Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (2008)• Fifth Concerto for Orchestra, Op. 107 by Robin Holloway (2009–10)For string orchestra

• Concerto in D by Igor Stravinsky (1946)For chamber orchestra

• Concerto for Chamber Orchestra by George Antheil (1932)• Chamber Concerto by György Ligeti (1969-70)• Concerto for Orchestra by John Woolrich (1999)

Sinfonia concertante 13

Sinfonia concertanteSinfonia concertante is a musical form that emerged during the Classical period of Western music. It is essentially amixture of the symphony and the concerto genres: a concerto in that one or more soloists (in the classical period,usually more than one) are on prominent display, and a symphony in that the soloists are nonetheless discernibly apart of the total ensemble and not preeminent. The form was developed by Joseph Bo(u)logne, Chevalier de St.George.

Classical eraIn the Baroque period, the differences between a concerto and a sinfonia (also "symphony") were initially not all thatclear. The word sinfonia would, for example, be used as the name for an overture to a stage work. Antonio Vivaldiwrote "concertos" which did not highlight individual soloists and which were stylistically more or lessindistinguishable from his "sinfonias." The Baroque genre that comes closest to the Classical sinfonia concertante isthe concerto grosso; among the most famous of these are those by Arcangelo Corelli.By the Classical period (roughly 1750-1800), both the symphony and the concerto had acquired more definitemeanings, and the concerto grosso had disappeared altogether. This led in the last decades of the 18th century toattempts to combine the two genres, such as those by composers of the Mannheim school. Johann Christian Bach(the so-called "London Bach" and youngest son of Johann Sebastian) was publishing symphonies concertantes inParis from the early 1770s on. Mozart, acquainted with the Mannheim school from 1777 and probably not unawareof J.C. Bach's publications, put considerable effort into attempts to produce convincing sinfonie concertanti. Hismost successful are the following:• Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra K. 364 (the only one Mozart is actually considered to have

finished that exists in an authentic copy).• Sinfonia Concertante for Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Bassoon and Orchestra K. 297b (known from an arrangement,

possibly inauthentic).Joseph Haydn, who wrote over 100 symphonies as well as a number of concertos for all kinds of instruments,produced three sinfonie concertanti. However, these works draw much more upon the concerto grosso tradition thanthe more symphonic treatment of the genre by Mozart.Beethoven did not write anything designated as a sinfonia concertante, although some feel his Triple Concertoqualifies for inclusion in the genreTriple.

Romantic eraFew composers still called their compositions sinfonia concertante after the classical music era. However, someworks such as Hector Berlioz' Harold in Italy, for viola and orchestra approach the genre.Camille Saint-Saëns' Symphony No. 3 features an organ that is partially immersed in the orchestral sound, but alsohas several distinct solo passages. The second half of this work also features a semi-soloistic part for piano fourhands.By the end of the 19th century, several French composers had started using the sinfonia concertante technique insymphonic poems, for example, Saint-Saëns uses a violin in Danse macabre, and César Franck a piano in LesDjinns.Richard Strauss' Don Quixote (1897) uses several soloists to depict the main characters, namely cello, viola, bassclarinet and tenor tuba.Édouard Lalo's most known work, the Symphonie Espagnole, is in fact a sinfonia concertante for violin andorchestra.

Sinfonia concertante 14

A work in the same vein, but with the piano taking the "concertante" part is Vincent d'Indy's Symphonie Cévenole(Symphony on a French Mountain Air). Likewise, Henry Litolff wrote five Concerto Symphoniques, also with apiano obbligato,.Max Bruch explored the boundaries of the solistic and symphonic genres in the Scottish Fantasy (violin soloist), KolNidrei (cello soloist), and Serenade (violin soloist).

20th centuryIn the 20th century, some composers such as George Enescu, Darius Milhaud, Frank Martin, Edmund Rubbra,William Walton and Malcolm Williamson again used the name sinfonia concertante for their compositions. Martin'swork, more reminiscent of the classical works with multiple soloists, features a piano, a harpsichord, and a harp.Karol Szymanowski also composed a sinfonia concertante (for solo piano and orchestra), also known as hisSymphony No. 4 "Symphonie-Concertante." Other examples include Joseph Jongen's 1926 Symphonie ConcertanteOp. 81, with an organ soloist, the Sinfonia Concertante (Symphony No. 4), for flute, harp and small string orchestraby Andrzej Panufnik written in 1973, and Peter Maxwell Davies's Sinfonia Concertante for wind quintet, timpaniand string orchestra of 1982.The Czech composer Bohuslav Martinů wrote two works in this genre: Sinfonia Concertante for Two Orchestras, H.219 (1932) and Sinfonia Concertante No. 2 in B-flat major for Violin, Cello, Oboe, Bassoon and Orchestra withPiano, H. 322 (1949). In fact, all of the composer's symphonies feature a piano, as do most of his orchestral works,but the two afore-mentioned works were the only two in his output which he labelled concertante symphonies.Prokofiev called his work for cello and orchestra Symphony-Concerto, stressing its serious symphonic character, incontrast to the light character of the Classical period sinfonia concertante. Britten's Cello Symphony and Zwilich'sSymphony No. 4 also showcase a solo cello within the context of a full-scale symphony.Also P. D. Q. Bach produced a (spoofical) "Sinfonia Concertante" utilizing lute, balalaika, double reed slide musicstand, ocarina, left-handed sewer flute, and bagpipes.

Notes1. For example, in the explanatory notes from the booklet to the CD "BEETHOVEN - Triple Concerto/Choral

Fantasia" (Capriccio Classic Productions No. 180240, 1988).

Ripieno concerto 15

Ripieno concertoThe ripieno concerto is a somewhat later type of Baroque music, the term concerto here reverting to its earliermeaning of work for an ensemble. The word ripieno is from the Italian for "padding". The concerto ripieno wassometimes referred to as a "concerto à quatre" (or "à cinque" if the orchestra included two viola parts, a standardscoring in the 17th century). These were merely compositions for the ripieno alone (i.e. for string orchestra andcontinuo), with either no solo parts or clearly subsidiary ones. Beginning with the six ripieno concertos of GiuseppeTorelli’s op. 5 (1692), this genre enjoyed an efflorescence that extended until about 1740.

TypesMost ripieno concertos fall into one of two distinct classes: a sonata type and a sinfonia type. The sonata typegenerally mirrors the form and style of the "sonata da chiesa" in its use of four-movement slow-fast-slow-fast cyclesand predominantly fugal texture.The more modern sinfonia type was firmly established in Torelli’s second publication to include concertos, op. 6(1698), and in Giulio Taglietti’s Concerti a Quattro op. 4 (1699), which turn to the three-movement (fast-slow-fast)pattern and more homophonic texture familiar to us from the solo concerto and opera sinfonia. The openingmovements also parallel the solo concerto in utilizing ritornello form (without solo sections), in which the openingmaterial recurs from one to several times in various keys, the last statement normally in the tonic. Finales are mostoften binary in form and dancelike in style. The sinfonia type gradually merged with the early concert symphonybeginning in the 1720s, doubtless in part because the term concerto was by that time acquiring an indelibleassociation with the notion of tutti-solo contrast.A special class of 20th century concertos is the concerto for orchestra. These works are not for the most part ripienoconcertos in the Baroque sense but rather display pieces in which the orchestra itself is the virtuoso, from soloists tosections of the orchestra, choirs or tutti. Examples of this genre, best known through Bartok’s popular work of 1943,include compositions by Hindemith (1925), Walter Piston (1933), Zoltan Kodaly (1939–40), Michael Tippett(1962–63), and Elliott Carter (1969). In the latter piece, Carter dramatically personifies or characterizes the variousconcertino groupings, a technique he had previously explored in his Double Concerto for harpsichord and piano(1961) and his Piano Concerto (1964–65).

ReferencesThe New Harvard Dictionary of Music

Solo concerto 16

Solo concertoA solo concerto is a concerto in which a single soloist is accompanied by an orchestra. It is the most frequent type ofconcerto. It originated in the Baroque Period (approximately 1600-1750) as an alternative to the traditionalconcertino (solo group of instruments) in a concerto grosso.A typical concerto has three movements, traditionally fast, slow and lyrical, and fast. There are many examples ofconcertos that do not conform to this plan.

History

BaroqueThe earliest known solo concertos are nos. 6 and 12 of Giuseppe Torelli’s op. 6 of 1698. These works employ both athree-movement cycle and clear (if diminutive) ritornello form, like that of the ripieno concerto except that sectionsfor the soloist and continuo separate the orchestral ritornellos. Active in Bologna, Torelli would have known of theoperatic arias and the numerous sonatas and sinfonias for trumpet and strings produced in Bologna since the 1660s.He himself composed more than a dozen such works for trumpet, two dated in the early 1690s. Other early violinconcertos are the four in Tomaso Albinoni’s op. 2 (1700) and the six in Torelli’s important op. 8 (1709 - the other sixworks in this set are double concertos for two violins).The most influential and prolific composer of concertos during the Baroque period was the Venetian AntonioVivaldi (1678–1741). In addition to his nearly 60 extant ripieno concertos, Vivaldi composed approximately 425concertos for one or more soloists, including about 350 solo concertos (two-thirds for solo violin) and 45 doubleconcertos (over half for two violins). Vivaldi’s concertos firmly establish the three-movement form as the norm. Thevirtuosity of the solo sections increases markedly, especially in the later works, and concurrently the texture becomesmore homophonic.Concertos for instruments other than violin began to appear early in the 18th century, including the oboe concertos ofGeorge Frideric Handel and the numerous concertos for flute, oboe, bassoon, cello, and other instruments by Vivaldi.The earliest organ concertos can probably be credited to Handel (16 concertos, ca. 1735-51), the earliest harpsichordconcertos to Johann Sebastian Bach (14 concertos for one to four harpsichords, ca. 1735-40). In the latter case, allbut probably one of the concertos are arrangements of existing works, though Bach had already approached the ideaof a harpsichord concerto before 1721 in the Brandenburg Concerto no. 5.

ClassicalThe Classical period brought the triumph of the solo concerto over the group or multiple concerto, assisted by thecontinued rise of the virtuoso soloist and the growing demand for up-to-date works for performance by amateurs.The former trend appears most obviously in the large number of violin concertos written by violinists for their ownuse.The Classical period also witnessed the rise of the keyboard concerto. Until about 1770, the preferred stringedkeyboard instrument was usually the harpsichord, but it was gradually supplanted by the piano. The most importantcomposers of keyboard concertos before Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were Bach’s sons. Vienna saw the productionof many keyboard concertos. The last decades of the 18th century brought the rise of traveling piano virtuosos.The concertos of this period show a broad transition from Baroque to Classical style, though many are moreconservative than contemporaneous symphonies. Most are in three movements, though a significant minority adoptlighter two-movement patterns such as Allegro-Minuet and Allegro-Rondo. Dance and rondo finales are alsofrequent in three-movement concertos.

Solo concerto 17

Joseph Haydn’s concertos are mostly from his early career. Exceptions are the Piano Concerto in D, the CelloConcerto in D, and the Trumpet Concerto.Of Mozart’s 23 original piano concertos, 17 date from his Viennese period. They are the crowning achievement ofthe concerto in the 18th century. Most of the works he wrote for Vienna are of a type that Mozart called grandconcertos. These were intended for performance at his own subscription concerts, which were held in sizeable halls.They call for an orchestra that is much larger than a typical concerto of the time, especially in the expanded roleassigned to the winds. The orchestra is rendered fully capable of sustaining a dramatic confrontation with thevirtuosity and individuality of the soloist. Mozart’s approach in these concertos is often clearly symphonic, both inthe application of formal symphonic principles, and in a Haydnesque interest in thematic unity in the later concertos.The range of styles and expression is greater than that of most other concertos of the period, from the comic-operaelements of K.467 to the Italianate lyricism of K.488, the tragic character of K.466 and 491 to the Beethovenianheroism of K.503.Ludwig van Beethoven’s five piano concertos date from between about 1793 and 1809, (there is an early work from1784). They are longer than Mozart's concertos, and call for even more virtuosity from the soloist. Beethoven’sViolin Concerto (1806) exhibits similar achievements - Mozart’s five violin concertos are all early works written inSalzburg in 1775.

RomanticEarly Romantic concertos include Mendelssohn’s two piano concertos (1831–37) and his important Violin Concerto(1844) and Schumann's concertos for piano (1845), cello (1850), and violin (1853). The form of these works ispredominantly in the Classical three-movements. Later works in this mould include examples by Johannes Brahms(two for piano - No. 1 from 1858 and No. 2 from 1878 which adds a fourth movement - and one for violin of 1878),Edvard Grieg (piano, 1868), Max Bruch (most famously his Violin Concerto No. 1, 1868), and Antonín Dvořák(piano, violin, cello, 1876–95). In France this tradition is represented primarily by Camille Saint-Saëns (tenconcertos for piano, violin, and cello, 1858–1902), in Russia by Anton Rubinstein and Tchaikovsky (three pianoconcertos, one for violin, 1874–93).A more overtly virtuosic trend appeared in the concertos of brilliant violinists in the 19th century including LouisSpohr and Niccolò Paganini and pianists Frédéric Chopin (two concertos, 1829–30) and Franz Liszt (two concertos,original versions 1839-49). The movement structure in most of these works is in the by-now conventionalritornello-sonata type perfected by Mozart and Beethoven. Liszt’s two concertos, however, are unconventional, inthat the first concerto's five sections are connected both formally and thematically, and the second utilizes a still freersectional structure. The first concerto in particular shows the influence of such continuous composite forms as thoseof Weber’s Konzertstuck and Schubert’s Wanderer Fantasy. The virtuosity required by all these concertos wasfacilitated by—and helped to spur—technical developments in the instruments themselves.

20th CenturyNumerous works of the 20th century were written in the vein of the 19th century Romantic concertos - and oftenusing its forms and styles - including concertos by Sergei Rachmaninoff (four piano concertos, 1890–1926), JeanSibelius (violin, 1903), Edward Elgar (violin 1909-10, cello 1919), Carl Nielsen (violin, flute, clarinet), SergeiProkofiev (five for piano, 1911–32; two for violin 1916-17 and 1935), William Walton (viola, violin, cello), DmitriShostakovich (two each for piano, violin, and cello), and Francis Poulenc (organ). The virtuoso tradition mirrored inthese concertos is also obvious, though in radically original guise, in the concertos of Béla Bartók. Rachmaninov,Prokofiev and Bartók were all piano virtuosos.The composers of the Second Viennese School also produced several prominent concertos: Alban Berg’s Chamber Concerto for piano, violin, and 13 winds (1923–25), not fully serial but incorporating many elements of Arnold Schoenberg’s new system; Anton Webern’s Concerto for nine instruments (1931–34), originally intended as a piano

Solo concerto 18

concerto; Berg’s important Violin Concerto (1935); and Schoenberg’s own Violin Concerto (1935–36) and PianoConcerto (1942).The neoclassical movement of the period following World War I produced a long series of works that returned topre-Romantic conceptions of the concerto. Igor Stravinsky’s Concerto for Piano and Winds (1923–24) is in thisidiom, but his subsequent concertos are more specifically neo-Baroque in character. His Violin Concerto (1931), forexample, comprises a Toccata, two Arias, and a Capriccio, and the soloist is treated more as a member of theensemble than as a virtuoso protagonist. The solo concertos of Paul Hindemith (8 for various instruments, 1939–62)are more traditional than Stravinsky's in their treatment of the relationship between soloist and orchestra. Thoughhardly neoclassical in the usual sense, Richard Strauss’ Horn Concerto no. 2 (1942, written some 60 years after hisfirst) and Oboe Concerto (1945) also reach back to an earlier era, finding nostalgic inspiration in the wind concertosof Mozart.A tendency related to the neoclassical rejection of Romantic and traditional features is the use of jazz elements inmany 20th century concertos. George Gershwin was a pioneer for such works, in for example his Rhapsody in Blue(1924) and Concerto in F for piano (1925) . Jazz is a source of inspiration for Aaron Copland’s Piano Concerto in G(1929–31), Stravinsky’s Ebony Concerto for clarinet and jazz band (1945).

ReferencesThe New Harvard Dictionary of Music

Student concertoA student concerto is a concerto for any instrument written for musicians who have not yet reached the virtuositythat a more advanced musician may have. One example of a student concerto is Friedrich Seitz's Student Concerti forviolin.

19

Concertos by instrument

Bass oboe concertoThe bass oboe, a relative of the oboe having the same note compass as the latter, is able to play any work written foroboe - it will, however, sound an octave lower. In addition a very small number of concertos have been written forthe bass oboe and for a related instrument with the same range, the Heckelphone. These include the following:

20th century• Concerto for Bass Oboe, The East Coast, by Gavin Bryars• Concerto for Heckelphone and Orchestra (1979), opus 60 by Hans Mielenz• Concertino for Heckelphone and String Orchestra by Henri Wolking

Bassoon concertoA bassoon concerto is a concerto for bassoon accompanied by a musical ensemble, typically orchestra. Likebassoon sonatas, bassoon concerti were relatively uncommon until the twentieth century, although there are quite afew bassoon concerti from the Classical period. Some contemporary bassoon concerti are scored for solo bassoonand wind or string orchestras.

Baroque

• Michel Corrette, Concerto in D Major Le Phénix for four bassoons and continuo• Caspar Förster, Concerto• Johann Gottlieb Graun, Concerto in C Major [1]

• Christoph Graupner, Four Bassoon Concerti in C Major, GWV 301 [2], C Minor,GWV 307 [3], G Major, GWV 328 [4] and B flat Major, GWV 340 [5]

• Franz Horneck, Concerto in E flat Major [6]

• František Jiránek, Bassoon Concerti in G Minorand F Major

• Antonín Jiránek, Four Bassoon Concerti• Johann Melchior Molter, Concerto in B flat Major,

MWV 6.35 [7]

• Antonín Reichenauer, Three Bassoon Concerti in CMajor, F Major, and G Minor[8]

• Antonio Vivaldi, 37 Bassoon Concerti, RV466-504 (RV 468 and 482 incomplete)[9]

Classical

Bassoon concerto 20

• Johann Christian Bach, Two Bassoon Concerti in E flat Major (WC82) and B flat Major (W C83)[10]

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Bassoon Concerto (1774)

• Capel Bond, Bassoon Concerto No. 6 in B flat Major (1766) • Johann Baptist Georg Neruda, Concerto in C Major• Bernhard Henrik Crusell, Bassoon Concertino in B flat Major • Johann Heinrich Christian Rinck, Concerto[11]

• Franz Danzi, Three Bassoon Concerti in F Major, C Major and GMinor

• Antonio Rosetti, Bassoon Concerti (C69, C73-C75)

• François Devienne, Five Bassoon Concerti • Carl Stamitz, Bassoon Concerto in F Major• Luigi Gatti, Bassoon Concerto in F Major, L7:e4 • Johann Baptist Vanhal, Bassoon Concerto in C Major, Concerto for

Two Bassoons and Orchestra• Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Bassoon Concerto in F Major, S. 63/WoO

23• Anselm Viola, Concerto in F Major (1791)

• Leopold Kozeluch, Two Bassoon Concerti in B flat Major, P V:B1and C Major, P V:C1

• Johann Christoph Vogel, Concerto in C Major

• Gustav Heinrich Kummer, Concerto in F Major [12]

Romantic

• Ferdinand David, Concertino, Op. 12 (1838)• Johann Nepomuk Fuchs, Concerto in B flat

Major• Ludwig Milde, Concerto in A Minor

• Giachino Rossini, Bassoon Concerto (attributed to Rossini, authenticityquestionable)[13]

• Carl Maria von Weber, Bassoon Concerto in F Major, Op. 75 (1811)• Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Suite-concertino in F Major, Op. 16 (1932)

20th/21st century

• Dieter Acker, Concerto (1979, rev. 1980)[14] • John Joubert, Concerto, Op. 77 (1973)

• Murray Adaskin, Concerto (1960) • Ernest Kanitz, Concerto (1962)• Raffaele d'Alessandro, Concerto, Op. 75 (1956) • Jouni Kaipainen, Concerto (2005)• David Amram, Concerto (1970) • Yuri Kasparov, Concerto (1996)• Allyson Applebaum, Concerto (1995) • Manfred Kelkel, Concerto, Op. 13 (1965)[15]

• Tony Aubin, Concerto della Brughiera (1965) • Carson Kievman, Concerto for Bassoon (and Fire Alarm System)for bassoon and percussion ensemble (1973)[16]

• Tzvi Avni, Concerto (2002) • Lev Knipper, Concerto for Bassoon and Strings (1969)[17]

• Conrad Baden, Concerto, Op. 126 (1980) • Rudolf Komorous, Concerto• Henk Badings, Concerto for Bassoon, Contrabassoon and Wind

Orchestra (1964)• Ezra Laderman, Concerto (1954)

• Larry Bell, Concerto, Op. 45 The Sentimental Muse (1997) • Lars-Erik Larsson, Concertino, Op. 45, No. 4 (1955)• Alain Bernaud, Concertino (1962) • Ray Luke, Concerto (1965)• Umberto Bertoni, Concerto • Mathieu Lussier, Double Concerto for Trumpet (or Flute) and

Bassoon[18]

• Bernard van Beurden, Concerto for Bassoon and Wind Ensemble • Ernst Mahle, Concertino (1980)• Judith Bingham, Concerto (1998) • Jeff Manookian, Concerto [19] (2008)

• Marcel Bitsch, Concertino for Bassoon and Orchestra (1948)[20] • Per Mårtensson, Concerto (2002)

• Alexander Blechinger, Concerto, Op. 111 • Peter Maxwell Davies, Strathclyde Concerto No. 8 (1993)

• Daniel Börtz, Concerto for Bassoon and Band (1978-79)[21] • Chiel Meijering, "Neo-Geo" Concerto

• Eugène Bozza, Concertino for Bassoon and Chamber Orchestra, Op.49 (1946)

• Francisco Mignone, Concertino (1957)

• Colin Brumby, Concerto • Oskar Morawetz, Concerto (1995)

Bassoon concerto 21

• Victor Bruns, Four Bassoon Concerti, Op. 5 (1933), Op. 15 (1946),Op. 41 (1966) and Op. 83 (1986), and Contrabassoon Concerto, Op.98 (1992)

• Marjan Mozetich, Concerto for Bassoon and Strings with Marimba(2003)[22]

• Glen Buhr, Concerto (1996) • Ray Næssén, Concerto for Bassoon and Wind Band• Henri Büsser, Concertino, Op. 80 • Andrzej Panufnik, Concerto (1984) (in memory of Jerzy

Popiełuszko)• Frits Celis, Concertino, Op. 38 for bassoon, violin, viola and cello

(1992)• Boris Papandopulo, Concerto

• André Chini, Goëlette de jade Concerto for Bassoon and Strings(1999-2000)

• Jiří Pauer, Concerto (1949)

• Wilson Coker, Concertino for Bassoon and String Trio (1959) • Jean-Louis Petit, Les Paradis Se Rencontrent, Ils Ne Se FabriquentPas Concertino for Bassoon and Mandolin Orchestra withContrabass (2002), Concertino for Bassoon and Orchestra[23]

• Dinos Constantinides, Concerto, LRC 154a • Craig Phillips, Concerto (2002)[24]

• Andrzej Dobrowolski, Concerto (1953) • Johnterryl Plumeri, Concerto[25]

• Franco Donatoni, Concerto (1952) • Arthur Polson, Concerto• Pierre Max Dubois, Concerto Ironico (1968) • Amando Blanquer Ponsoda, Concerto (1977)

• Jack Curtis Dubowsky, Concerto (2005)[26] • Augusto Rattembach, Concierto con algo de Tango

• Sophie Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatté, Triple-Concerto for Trumpet,Clarinet, Bassoon, Strings and Timpani, E. 123 (1949);[27] Concertofor Bassoon and Orchestra, E. 124/125 (1950)[28]

• Alan Ridout, Concertino

• Helmut Eder, Concerto, Op. 49 • Jean Rivier, Concerto (1964)[29]

• Anders Eliasson, Concerto (1982) • Nino Rota, Concerto (1974-77)• John Fairlie, Concerto • Marcel Rubin, Concerto• Jindřich Feld, Concerto (1953) • Harald Sæverud, Concerto, Op. 44 (1964)• John Fernström, Concerto, Op. 80 (1945) • Stellan Sagvik, Svensk (ängermanlänsk) Concertino, Op. 114e

(1982)• Eric Fogg, Concerto (1931) • Friedrich Schenker, Concerto (1970)• Bjørn Fongaard, Concerto for Bassoon and Orchestra, Op. 120, No.

12; Concerto for Bassoon and Tape, Op. 131, No. 10• Gunther Schuller, Concerto "Eine Kleine Fagottmusik" (1985)

• Jean Françaix, Divertissement for Bassoon and String Orchestra(1942), Concerto for Bassoon and 11 String Instruments (1979)

• Maurice Shoemaker, Concerto (1947)

• Stephen Frost, Concerto (1999, rev. 2004)[30] • Thomas Sleeper, Concerto (1993)[31]

• Anis Fuleihan, Concertino (1965) • Gunnar Sønstevold, Concertino (1973)

• Launy Grøndahl, Concerto (1942)[32] • Michał Spisak, Concerto (1944)[33]

• Sofia Gubaidulina, Concerto for Bassoon and Low Strings (1975) • Allan Stephenson, Concerto (1990),[34] Concertino for TwoBassoons and Orchestra (1999)

• Aharon Harlap, Concerto (2004)[35] • Franklin Stover, Double Concerto for Bassoon, Contrabassoon andOrchestra (2010)

• Bernard Heiden, Concerto (1990) • Stjepan Šulek, Concerto (1958)• Jacques Hétu, Concerto (1979) • Christopher Theofanidis, Concerto (1997-2002)[36]

• Frigyes Hidas, Concerto for Bassoon and Wind Ensemble (1999) • Henri Tomasi, Concerto (1961)• Paul Hindemith, Concerto for Bassoon and Trumpet (1949) • Marc Vaubourgoin, Concerto (1963)[37]

• Peter Hope, Concertino • Stanley Weiner, Concerto, Op. 21 (1969)

• Caleb Hugo, Concerto[38] • John Williams, The Five Sacred Trees (1995)

• Bertold Hummel, Concerto, Op. 27b • Guy Woolfenden, Concerto (1999)[39]

• Gordon Jacob, Concerto (1947) • Gerhard Wuensch, Concerto (1976)• André Jolivet, Concerto (1951) • León Zuckert, Concerto (1976)

• Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, Concerto (1992)[40]

Bassoon concerto 22

Other famous pieces for bassoon and orchestra include Berwald's Konzertstück [41], Elgar's Romance, Villa-Lobos'sCiranda Das Sete Notas, and Weber's Andante e Rondo Ongarese (sometimes considered a concerto).

Notes[1] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_C_major_(Graun,_Johann_Gottlieb)[2] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_C_major,_GWV_301_(Graupner,_Christoph)[3] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_C_minor,_GWV_307_(Graupner,_Christoph)[4] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_G_major,_GWV_328_(Graupner,_Christoph)[5] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_B-flat_major,_GWV_340_(Graupner,_Christoph)[6] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_E-flat_major_(Horneck,_Franz)[7] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_B-flat_major,_MWV_6. 35_(Molter,_Johann_Melchior)[8] Reichenauer on IMSLP (http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Category:Reichenauer,_AntonÃn)[9] List of compositions by Antonio Vivaldi[10] List of compositions by Johann Christian Bach[11] Rinck Concerto, ed. Lottridge (http:/ / www. reallygoodmusic. com/ rgm. jsp?page=itemDetail& iid=129247)[12] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Bassoon_Concerto_in_F_major_(Kummer,_Gotthelf_Heinrich)[13] Rossini Bassoon Concerto liner notes (http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ classrev/ 2002/ dec02/ Rossini_Bassoon. htm)[14] Acker Concerto (http:/ / www. schott-music. com/ shop/ 1/ show,8804. html)[15] Kelkel Concerto (http:/ / www. worldcat. org/ title/ concerto-pour-basson-et-orchestre-op-13/ oclc/ 02278172)[16] Kievman works list (http:/ / silvertone. princeton. edu/ ~carson/ comp98. html)[17] Knipper Concerto (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=NFiz-SmmgXg)[18] Works by Mathieu Lussier (http:/ / www. trevcomusic. com/ onlinecatalog/ compositions/ ?composerid=2262)[19] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Concerto_for_Bassoon_and_Orchestra_(Manookian,_Jeff)[20] Maurice Allard, Bitsch Concertino (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=SC7TkRgGNCg)[21] Börtz Concerto (http:/ / www. edition-peters. com:80/ product/ modern/ bassoon-concerto-piano-reduction/ ep66806a)[22] Marjan Mozetich Recordings (http:/ / www. mozetich. com/ Recordings. html)[23] Petit bassoon works (http:/ / jean_louis. petit. perso. sfr. fr/ compositeur/ catalogue/ catalogue/ basson. html)[24] Craig Phillips (http:/ / craigphillipscomposer. com/ Home. html)[25] Terry Plumeri Conducting Repertoire (http:/ / terryplumeri. com/ page. php?sec=4)[26] Dubowsky Bassoon Concerto No. 1 (http:/ / www. sheetmusicplus. com/ title/ Bassoon-Concerto-No-1-Bassoon-Piano/ 19251105)[27] Eckhardt-Gramatté Triple-Concerto (http:/ / www. musiccentre. ca/ apps/ index. cfm?fuseaction=score. FA_dsp_details&

bibliographyid=7197& dsp_page=13)[28] Eckhardt-Gramatté Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / www. musiccentre. ca/ apps/ index. cfm?fuseaction=score. FA_dsp_details&

bibliographyid=7189& dsp_page=1)[29] Rivier Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / magic. msu. edu:80/ record=b2296147a)[30] Frost Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / www. frostmusic. co. uk/ page6. html)[31] Thomas Sleeper Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / www. sleepermusic. com/ BassoonConcerto. html)[32] Grøndahl Concerto (http:/ / www. edition-peters. com:80/ product/ bassoon-concerto/ ed13)[33] Michał Spisak (http:/ / www. usc. edu/ dept/ polish_music/ composer/ spisak. html)[34] Allan Stephenson Horn Concerto, Piccolo Concerto, Bassoon Concerto, Brass Quintet (http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ classrev/

2000/ july00/ stephenson2. htm)[35] Aharon Harlap (http:/ / www. classical-composers. org/ comp/ harlap)[36] Theofanidis Concerto program notes & audio samples (http:/ / www. theofanidismusic. com/ programnotes_Bassoon_Concerto. html)[37] Maurice Allard, Vaubourgoin Concerto (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=bHBR5hfa8m0)[38] Hugo Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=8AFzDI2L62w)[39] Woolfenden Bassoon Concerto (http:/ / www. arielmusic. co. uk/ bassoon_concerto. html)[40] Ellen Taafe Zwilich Work List (http:/ / www. presser. com/ Composers/ info. cfm?Name=ELLENTAAFFEZWILICH#Works)[41] http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Konzertstück_for_Bassoon_and_Orchestra_(Berwald,_Franz)

Cello concerto 23

Cello concertoA cello concerto (sometimes called a violoncello concerto) is a concerto for solo cello with orchestra or, veryoccasionally, smaller groups of instruments.These pieces have been written since the Baroque era if not earlier. However, unlike the violin, the cello had to faceharsh competition from the older, well-established viola da gamba. As a result, few important cello concertos werewritten before the 19th century – with the notable exceptions of those by Vivaldi, C.P.E. Bach, Haydn andBoccherini. Its full recognition as a solo instrument came during the Romantic era (Schumann, Saint-Saëns, Dvořák).From then on, cello concertos have become more and more frequent. Twentieth century composers have made thecello a standard concerto instrument, along with the already-rooted piano and violin concertos; among the mostnotable concertos are those of Elgar, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Barber and Hindemith. Most post-World War IIcomposers (Ligeti, Britten, Dutilleux, Lutoslawski and Penderecki among others) have written at least one.One special consideration composers must take with the cello (as well as all instruments with a low range) is withthe issue of projection. Unlike instruments like the violin, whose high range projects fairly easily above theorchestra, the cello's lower notes can be easily lost when the cello is not playing a solo or near solo. Because of this,composers have had to deliberately pare down the orchestral component of cello concertos while the cello is playingin the lower registers.

Selected list of Cello ConcertosCello concertos near the center of the "repertoire". The original list of cello concertos has been moved to List ofcompositions for cello and orchestra.• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

• Cello Concerto in A minor• Cello Concerto in B-flat major• Cello Concerto in A major

• Samuel Barber• Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 22 (1945)

• Ernest Bloch• Schelomo, Rhapsodie Hebraïque for violoncelle et grand orchestre

• Luigi Boccherini• Cello Concerto in D major, G. 479• Cello Concerto in B-Flat major, G. 482

• Henri Dutilleux• Tout un Monde Lointain... (1970)

• Antonín Dvořák• Cello Concerto No. 1 in A major, Op. posth• Cello Concerto No. 2 in B minor, Opus. 104 (1894–1895)

• Edward Elgar• Cello Concerto in E minor, Op. 85 (1918–1919)

• George Enescu• Concertante Symphony, Op. 8

• Gerald Finzi

Cello concerto 24

• Cello Concerto, Op. 40 (1955)• Joseph Haydn

• Cello Concerto No. 1 in C major• Cello Concerto No. 2 in D major• Several others although their authenticity is disputed

• Paul Hindemith• Cello Concerto in E-flat major, Op. 3 (1916)• Kammermusik No. 3 for cello and 10 instruments, Op. 36/2 (1925)• Cello Concerto in G (1940)

• Arthur Honegger• Cello Concerto (1934)

• Dmitri Kabalevsky• Cello Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 49 (1949)• Cello Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 77 (1964)

• Aram Khachaturian• Cello Concerto in E minor (1946)• Concerto-Rhapsody in D minor (1963)

• Édouard Lalo• Cello Concerto in D minor (1876)

• György Ligeti• Cello Concerto (1966)

• Witold Lutosławski• Cello Concerto (1969–70)

• Nikolai Myaskovsky• Cello Concerto in C minor, Op. 66 (1944)

• Krzysztof Penderecki• Cello Concerto No. 1 (1972)• Cello Concerto No. 2 (1982)

• Georg Matthias Monn (1717 - 1750)• Cello Concerto in G minor

• Sergei Prokofiev• Cello Concerto, Op. 58• Symphony-Concerto, Op. 125 (revision of Op. 58)• Cello Concertino in G minor, Op. 132 (incomplete) (1952)

• Einojuhani Rautavaara• Cello Concerto No. 1 (1968)• Cello Concerto No. 2 Towards the Horizon (2010)

• Camille Saint-Saëns• Cello Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 33 (1872)• Cello Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 119 (1902) ([1])

• Robert Schumann

Cello concerto 25

• Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 129 (1850)• Dmitri Shostakovich

• Cello Concerto No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 107 (1959)• Cello Concerto No. 2 in G major/minor, Op. 126 (1966)

• Alfred Schnittke• Cello Concerto No. 1• Cello Concerto No. 2

• Carl Stamitz (1745-1801)• Cello Concertos 1-3

• Giuseppe Tartini• Cello Concerto in A major• Cello Concerto in D major

• Henri Vieuxtemps• Cello Concerto in A minor, Op. 46• Cello Concerto in B minor, Op. 50

• Heitor Villa-Lobos• Cello Concerto No. 1• Cello Concerto No. 2

• Antonio Vivaldi• Cello Concerto RV 398 in C major• Cello Concerto RV 400 in C major• Cello Concerto RV 401 in C major• Cello Concerto RV 402 in C minor• Cello Concerto RV 403 in D major• Cello Concerto RV 404 in D major• Cello Concerto RV 405 in D minor• Cello Concerto RV 406 in D minor (related to RV 481)• Cello Concerto RV 407 in D minor• Cello Concerto RV 408 in E-flat major• Cello Concerto RV 410 in F major• Cello Concerto RV 411 in F major• Cello Concerto RV 412 in F major• Cello Concerto RV 413 in G major• Cello Concerto RV 414 in G major• Cello Concerto RV 415 in G major• Cello Concerto RV 416 in G minor• Cello Concerto RV 417 in G minor• Cello Concerto RV 418 in A minor• Cello Concerto RV 419 in A minor• Cello Concerto RV 420 in A minor• Cello Concerto RV 421 in A minor• Cello Concerto RV 422 in A minor• Cello Concerto RV 423 in B-flat major• Cello Concerto RV 424 in B minor

Cello concerto 26

• Double Concerto for Cello and Bassoon RV 409 in E minor• Double Concerto for 2 Cellos RV 531 in G minor

• William Walton• Cello Concerto (1956)

• Charles Wuorinen• Five: Concerto for Amplified Cello and Orchestra (1987)• Chamber Concerto for Cello and 10 Players (1963)

• Isang Yun• Concerto for Cello and Orchestra (1975/76)

Selected list of other concertante works

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Triple Concerto for Piano, Violin and Cello in C major• Johannes Brahms

• Double Concerto in A minor for Violin and Cello, Op. 102• Benjamin Britten

• Cello Symphony (1963)• Max Bruch

• Kol Nidrei• Joseph Haydn

• Sinfonia Concertante for Oboe,Bassoon,Violin & Cello

• Antonín Dvořák

• Rondo in G minor, Op. 94, 1893 [2]• Silent Woods, Op. 68, No. 5

• Gabriel Fauré

• Elégie for Cello and Orchestra, Op. 24• Olivier Messiaen

• Concert à quatre for Piano, Cello, Flute and Oboe (1990–1992)• Richard Strauss

• Don Quixote, Op. 35• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

• Variations on a Rococo Theme, Op. 33

References[1] http:/ / www. mmguide. musicmatch. com/ artist/ artist. cgi?ARTISTID=1089026& TMPL=LONG[2] http:/ / dvorak. musicabona. com/ ~dvorak/ 123/

Clarinet concerto 27

Clarinet concertoA clarinet concerto is a piece for clarinet and orchestra (or concert band). Albert Rice has identified a work byGiuseppe Antonio Paganelli as possibly the earliest known concerto for solo clarinet; its score appears to be titled"Concerto per Clareto" and may date from 1733. It may, however, be intended for soprano chalumeau.[1] There areearlier concerti grossi with concertino clarinet parts including two by Johann Valentin Rathgeber, published in1728.[2]

Famed publishing house Breitkopf & Härtel published the first clarinet concerto in 1772. The instrument's popularitysoared and a flurry of early clarinet concertos ensued.[3] Many of these early concertos have largely been forgotten,though German clarinettist Dieter Klocker specializes in these "lost" works.[4] Famous clarinet concertos of theclassical era include those of Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber and Louis Spohr.Relatively few clarinet concertos, or wind instrument concertos generally, were produced during Romantic musicera, but the form became more popular in the twentieth century, with famous clarinet concertos from Carl Nielsen,Copland, and the more recent ones by John Corigliano, Kalevi Aho and John Williams.

Baroque periodthe clarinet was not created until the classical period.

Classical period• Johann Georg Heinrich Backofen (1768 - 1830?)

• Concerto in B♭ major for clarinet and orchestra, Op. 3 (1809?)• Sinfonie Concertante in A major, op. 10 for Two Clarinets and Orchestra (1810?)• Clarinet Concerto in E Flat Major, Opus 16 (1809?)• Clarinet Concerto in E Flat Major, Opus 24 (1821?)• Concerto in F major for Basset-horn and Orchestra

• Heinrich Joseph Bärmann (1784–1847)• Concertstück in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concertino in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concertino in E-flat major op. 27 for Clarinet and Orchestra (1828?)

• Carl Bärmann (1810–1885)• Konzertstück for two Clarinets and Orchestra

• Joseph Beer (1744–1812)• Clarinet Concerto No.1• two other clarinet concertos and two double concertos[3]

• Max Bruch• Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra in E minor, op. 88 (1910)

• Matthäus (Frédéric) Blasius• Concerto nr. 1 in C major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Casimir Anton Cartellieri• Concerto no. 1 in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto no. 3 in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto for 2 Clarinets & Orchestra in B Flat Major

• Bernhard Henrik Crusell• Clarinet Concerto No. 1 (date unknown)

Clarinet concerto 28

• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (1808)• Clarinet Concerto No. 3 (1807) ([5])

• Johan Sebastian Demar's Concerto in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• François Devienne

• Concertino in B-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra op.25• Franz Anton Dimler

• Concerto in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Gaetano Donizetti

• Concertino for Clarinet and Orchestra in B-flat major• Joseph Leopold Eybler (1765–1846)

• Concerto in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra (1798)[3]

• Josef Fiala• Concertante in B-flat major for Clarinet and Cor Anglais

• Karl Andreas Goepfert (1768–1818)• Concerto in E-flat Major, op. 14• Concerto in B-flat Major, op. 20• Concerto in E-flat Major, op. 35

• Franz Anton Hoffmeister (1754–1812)• Clarinet Concerto in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra (1782-1784?)• Concerto in E-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra (1782- 1784?)

• Leopold Kozeluch (1747–1818)• two clarinet concertos in E-flat major[3]

• Franz Krommer• Concerto in E♭ for clarinet and orchestra• two concertos for two clarinets and orchestra, both in E♭• Konzertstück for two clarinets and orchestra

• Karol Kurpinski• Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Ludwig August Lebrun• Concerto in one movement in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Jean-Xavier Lefèvre• Clarinet Concertos No. 4 and No.6 (1796)

• Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner• Concertino in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• John Mahon (1748–1834)• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in F major

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 17891)• Clarinet Concerto (1791)• Sinfonia Concertante in E-flat major for Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon, French Horn, and Orchestra

• Iwan Müller (1786–1854)Concertante op. 23 in E-flat major for two Clarinets and Military Band• Carlo Paessler (1774–1865)

• Concerto con variazioni in E-flat major for Clarinet and Strings• Concerto in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra

Clarinet concerto 29

• Concerto in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Ignaz Pleyel (1757–1831)Concerto in C major for Clarinet in C• František Xaver Pokorný (1729–1794)

• Concerto in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Antonín Reicha (1770–1836)

• Concerto in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra• Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Dittersdorf in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Carl Gottlieb Reissiger (1798 - 1859)• Concertino in E-flat major op. 63 for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Julius Rietz (1812 - 1877)• Concerto in G minor op.29 for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Alessandro Rolla (1757 - 1841)• Concerto for Bassethorn and Orchestra

• Antonio Rosetti (1750 - 1792)• Concerto nr. 1 in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto nr. 2 in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• two additional clarinet concertos

• Gioachino Rossini (1792 - 1868)• Introduction, Theme and Variations in E-flat major/B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Variations for Clarinet and Small Orchestra in C major (1809)• Concerto no. 1 in C minor/A-flat major/E-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra• Introduction, Theme and Variations in B minor/B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Fantasie in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto no. 2 in E-flat major/A-flat major/E-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra

• Theodor von Schacht (1748 -1823)• Clarinet Concerto in B-flat major for clarinet and orchestra

• Georg Abraham Schneider• Concerto no. 1 for basset horn and orchestra, op. 90. (1820?)[6] [7]

• Concerto no. 2 for basset horn and orchestra, op. 105.[6]

• Pedro Étienne Solère (1753 - 1817)• Concerto in E-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra• Concerto in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto Espagnol in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Louis Spohr (1784–1859)• Clarinet Concerto No. 1 C Minor, op. 26 (1808)• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E-flat Major, op. 57 (1810)• Clarinet Concerto No. 3 in F Minor, WoO 19 (1821)• Clarinet Concerto No. 4 in E Minor, WoO 20 (1828)• Fantasia and Variations on a Theme by Danzi for Clarinet and Orchestra• Potpourri for Clarinet and Orchestra (1811) "Description of Spohr Potpourri on Naxos CD" [8]. Retrieved 15

April 2009.)• Variations on a Theme from "Alruna" for Clarinet and Orchestra (1809)

• Carl Stamitz (1745–1801)

Clarinet concerto 30

• 11 Clarinet Concertos• Franz Xaver Süßmayr (1766–1803)

• Concerto movement in D major for Basset Clarinet and Orchestra• Franz Wilhelm Tausch (1762–1817)

• Concertante op. 26 nr. 2 in B-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra• Concertante op. 27 nr. 1 in B-flat major for two Clarinets and Orchestra• Concerto in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Johann Vogel (1756–1788)• Concerto in B-flat Major [3]

• Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)• Concertino for clarinet and orchestra• Clarinet Concerto No. 1• Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (all 1811)

• Peter von Winter (1754–1825)• Concerto in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Michèl Yost (1754–1786)• Concerto no.11 in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto no.8 in E-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto no.9 in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concerto no.7 in B-flat major for Clarinet and Orchestra

Other concertos from the classical era include those by Deshayes, Fuchs, Jan Kalous, Joseph Lacher, Lang, PhilippMeissner, Pfeilsticker, J.B. Wanhal, Wenzel Pichel, Johan Stich, and J.C. Stumpf.[3]

Romantic period• Donato Lovreglio's (1847 - 1907)

• Fantasia Da Concerto Su Motivi De La Traviata (Fantasia for Clarinet and Orchestra on the Opera, LaTraviata) for Clarinet and Orchestra (Original music/opera by Giuseppe Verdi)

• Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)• Concert Piece No. 1 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in F minor, Op. 113 (1833)• Concert Piece No. 2 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in D minor, Op. 114 (1833)

• Saverio Mercadante (1795–1870)• Clarinet Concerto in B-flat major• Clarinet Concerto in E-flat major

• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)• Concertstück for Clarinet and Military Band (1878)[9]

• Louis Schindelmeisser (1811–1864)• Sinfonia Concertante for four Clarinets and Orchestra, op. 2 (1833)

• Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev (1856–1915)• Canzona for Clarinet and Strings in F minor

Clarinet concerto 31

20th/21st Century• John Adams's Gnarly Buttons (1996)[10]

• Kalevi Aho's Clarinet Concerto (2005)• Joan Albert Amargós' Clarinet Concerto• Malcolm Arnold's Clarinet Concerto No. 1 (1948) and Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (1974)• Jacob Avshalomov's Evocations, Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra• Nicolas Bacri's Concerto da Camera op.61 (1999) for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Radamés Gnattali's Choro for Clarinet in B-flat and Orchestra• Jean Balissat's Cantabile for Clarinet and Strings (1995)• Michael Berkeley's Clarinet Concerto (1991)• Leonard Bernstein's Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs (1946)[11]

• Jean Binet's Petit Concert for Clarinet and Strings (1950)• Howard Blake's Clarinet Concerto• Jacques Bondon

• Concerto d'Octobre for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Concerto des Offrandes for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Eugène Bozza Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra• Benjamin Britten's Movement for Clarinet and Orchestra (1942/3)• Max Bruch's Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra in E minor, Op. 88 (1911)• Ferruccio Busoni's Concertino for Clarinet and String Orchestra, op. 48 (1918)[12]

• Ann Callaway's Concerto for Bass Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra (1985–1987) (Laureate Press, distr. MMBPress)

• John Carbon [13]'s Clarinet Concerto (1993)• Elliott Carter's Clarinet Concerto (1996)• Aexis Chalier's Concertino for Clarinet and Strings (2001/02)• Arnold Cooke's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra• Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (1948)• John Corigliano's Clarinet Concerto (1977)[14]

• Peter Maxwell Davies's Strathclyde Concerto No. 4 (1990) and "The Seas of Kirk Swarf" for bass clarinet andstrings (2007).[15]

• Claude Debussy's Premiere Rapsodie• Norman Dello Joio's Concertante for Clarinet and Orchestra• Edison Denisov's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1989)• Einar Englund's Clarinet Concerto• Dietrich Erdmann's Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.• Richard Festinger's Equinox for Clarinet and Small Orchestra (2009)• Gerald Finzi's Clarinet Concerto (1949)• Jean Françaix's Clarinet Concerto (1968)• Armin Fries's Concerto for Clarinet and Strings (1956)• Gunnar de Frumerie's Concerto op. 51 (1957–1958) for Clarinet, Strings, Harp and Percussion• Berthold Goldschmidt's Clarinet Concerto• Osvaldo Golijov's "Dreams and Prayers of Isaac the Blind" for solo clarinetist (soprano clarinets, basset horn, and

bass clarinet) and string quartet, later arranged for solo clarinetist and string orchestra.[16]

• Todd Goodman's Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.[17]

• Kimmo Hakola's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (2001)• Paul Hindemith's Clarinet Concerto (1947)[18]

• James Hook's Clarinet Concerto in E-flat major

Clarinet concerto 32

• Anthony Iannaccone's Concertante for Clarinet and Orchestra (1995)• Gordon Jacob's mini-concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Shigeru Kan-no's Bassetklarinette Koncerto (2006)• Ando Kovach's Concerto for Clarinet and Strings (1995)• Helmut Lachenmann's Accanto (1976)• Magnus Lindberg's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (2002)• Ian McDougall's Concerto for Clarinet & String Orchestra• William Thomas McKinley's Concerto for Clarinet no. 3 The Alchemical (1994)• Elizabeth Maconchy

• Concertino no. 1 for Clarinet and Orchestra• Concertino no. 2 for Clarinet and Orchestra

• Donald Martino's Triple Concerto for clarinet, bass clarinet, and contrabass clarinet.• Krzysztof Meyer's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (2002)• Thea Musgrave

• Clarinet Concerto (1979)[19]

• Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.• Lior Navok's Clarinet Concerto (1996),[20]• Carl Nielsen's Clarinet Concerto (1928)• Jim Parker's Concerto for Clarinet and Strings• Krzysztof Penderecki's Clarinet Concerto• Lorenzo Perosi's Concerto per clarinetto e orchestra• Lyubomir Pipkov's Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra• Walter Piston's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1967)• Marcel Poot's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1977)• Einojuhani Rautavaara's Clarinet Concerto (2001)• Alan Rawsthorne's Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Andrew Rindfleisch's "The Light Fantastic" for bass clarinet and wind ensemble (2003).• Jean Rivier's Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Paul Rosenbloom's Concertante Variations for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra.• Jonathan Russell's Double bass clarinet concerto.• Josef Schelb's Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.• Armin Schibler's Concertino for Clarinet and Strings op.49 (1956)• Tobias Schwencke's Concerto for Clarinet solo and 15 Strings• Mátyás Seiber's Concertino for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Elie Siegmeister's Clarinet Concerto• Frederick Speck's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1993)• Charles Villiers Stanford's Clarinet Concerto in A minor op. 80• Frank Graham Stewart's Concerto for B-flat Clarinet and Orchestra (1993)• Igor Stravinsky's Ebony Concerto for clarinet and jazz band (1945)• Aurel Stroe's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra• Toru Takemitsu's Fantasma/Cantos for clarinet and orchestra• Josef Tal's Concerto for clarinet and orchestra• Boris Tchaikovsky's Concerto for clarinet and chamber orchestra (1957)• Frank Ticheli's Clarinet Concerto (2010)• Franz Tischhauser The Beggar's Concerto for Clarinet and Strings• Henri Tomasi's Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra• Joan Tower's Clarinet Concerto

Clarinet concerto 33

• August Verbesselt's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1982)• Sándor Veress' Clarinet Concerto• Douglas Weiland's Clarinet Concerto, op. 30 (2001)• Norma Wendelburg's Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra• John Williams's Clarinet Concerto (1991)Williams Concerto Site [21]

• Isang Yun's Clarinet Concerto (1981)• Marcin Zielinski's Concertino for Clarinet Solo and Strings• Marilyn J. Ziffrin's Clarinet Concerto• İstemihan Taviloğlu's Clarinet Concerto Clarinet and Orchestra

Notes[1] Rice, Albert R. (1992). The Baroque Clarinet. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 99–101.[2] Rice, Albert R. (1992). The Baroque Clarinet. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 93–94.[3] Hoeprich, Erich (2008). The clarinet (http:/ / books. google. nl/ books?id=Hnh0G2wrJvsC& pg=PA81& lpg=PA81& dq=joseph+ beer+

clarinet#v=onepage& q=joseph beer clarinet& f=false). Yale University Press. p. 81 & 82. ISBN 978-0-300-10282-6. .[4] "Dieter Klocker Discography" (http:/ / www. cduniverse. com/ classical. asp?performer=Dieter+ Klocker). .[5] http:/ / www. haydn. dk/ mhc_crusell. php[6] Hoeprich, Eric (2008). The Clarinet. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 135.[7] "Basset Horn Concerto, Op.90 (Schneider, Georg Abraham)" (http:/ / imslp. org/ wiki/ Basset_Horn_Concerto,_Op.

90_(Schneider,_Georg_Abraham)). IMSLP. . Despite the title, the solo part does not use the notes below low written E characteristic of abasset horn; in modern terms these would be concertos for alto clarinet in F.

[8] http:/ / www. naxos. com/ mainsite/ blurbs_reviews. asp?item_code=8. 550688& catNum=550688& filetype=About%20this%20Recording&language=English

[9] Marina Frolava-Walker. "Rimsky-Korsakov: (1) Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessedDecember 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (http:/ / www. grovemusic. com/ ) (subscription access).

[10] "John Adams List of Works" (http:/ / www. earbox. com/ listofworks. html). . Retrieved 20 January 2007.[11] "The Official Leonard Bernstein Web Site: Music for Performance" (http:/ / www. leonardbernstein. com/ catalogue. php). . Retrieved 20

January 2007.[12] Antony Beaumont. "Busoni, Ferruccio." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (http:/ / www.

grovemusic. com/ ) (subscription access).[13] http:/ / www. johncarbon. com[14] "Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra, John Corigliano" (http:/ / www. schirmer. com/ default. aspx?TabId=2420& State_2874=2&

workId_2874=26969). G. Schirmer, Inc.. . Retrieved 31 January 2007.[15] "The saint and the shebeen" (http:/ / www. theherald. co. uk/ features/ features/ display. var. 1483249. 0. 0. php). The Herald. 20 June 2007.

. Retrieved 2007-06-22.[16] "Oakland Symphony performs a clarinetist's 'Dream'" (http:/ / www. insidebayarea. com/ music/ ci_5485528). Inside Bay Area. 2007-03-21.

. Retrieved 2007-03-21.[17] "Beaver Valley Philharmonic: Mozart, Goodman in season finale" (http:/ / www. lppac. org/ newsid. php?id=54). Lincoln Park Performing

Arts Center. 2008-04-17. . Retrieved 2007-04-19.[18] Giselher Schubert. "Hindemith, Paul." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed December 1, 2006), grovemusic.com (http:/ / www.

grovemusic. com/ ) (subscription access).[19] "Clarinet Concerto—Thea Musgrave, Composer" (http:/ / www. theamusgrave. com/ html/ clarinet_concerto. html). Thea Musgrave web

site. . Retrieved 31 January 2007.[20] http:/ / www. liornavok. com/ music. asp?name=Clarinet+ Concerto+ (concerto+ for+ clarinet)+ & id=13[21] http:/ / www. mytempo. com

External links• UNM clarinet repertoire list (http:/ / music. unm. edu/ department_areas/ woodwind/ clarinet/ repertoire. htm)

Double bass concerto 34

Double bass concertoA double bass concerto is a piece of music for solo double bass with an orchestra. The first concerti for solo basswere written in the late classical period by Domenico Dragonetti and Johannes Matthias Sperger. Several concertiwere also written by Johann Baptist Vanhal, Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf and Joseph Haydn, although Haydn's hassince been lost. Giovanni Bottesini made enormous contributions to the solo double bass repertoire, and among hismany works are two virtuostic concerti for double bass and orchestra. In the 20th century, many composers creatednew works for the instrument, including Serge Koussevitsky, Eduard Tubin, Hans Werner Henze, and JohnHarbison.The double bass has not been a popular choice for a solo instrument, mainly due to the difficulties of balancing thesoloist and orchestra so that the former is not overshadowed. The low register of the double bass makes it difficult toproject; to help resolve this problem, many composers (most notably Bottesini) wrote solo parts in the high registerof the instrument. Few major composers of the classical and romantic eras were disposed to writing double bassconcerti, as there were few instrumentalists capable of taking on the demands of playing as a soloist; it was onlythrough the efforts of virtuosi like Dragonetti, Bottesini, and Koussevitsky that the double bass began to berecognized as a solo instrument. As the twentieth century began, the standard of double bass technique improved bya significant degree, making it a more popular choice for composers.

Selected list of works for double bass and accompaniment• Kalevi Aho

• Double Bass Concerto (2005)• Giovanni Bottesini

• Concerto No. 1 in F♯ minor• Concerto No. 2 in B minor• Concerto No. 3 in A major (concerto di bravura)

• Antonio Capuzzi• Concerto in D (F) major

• Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf• Concerto in E♭ major• Concerto No. 2 in E Major

• Domenico Dragonetti• Concerto in G major, D290• Concerto in D dur• Concerto in A major no 3• Concerto in A major no 5• Concerto in A major (Nanny)

• Hans Werner Henze• Double Bass Concerto (1966)

• Franz Anton Hoffmeister• Concerto No. 1 in D major• Concerto No. 2 in D major• Concerto No. 3 in D major

• Jiří Hudec• Burleska for double bass and orchestra (1981)

Double bass concerto 35

• Gordon Jacob• Concerto for Double Bass (1972)

• Serge Koussevitsky• Concerto in F♯ minor, Op. 3 (1902)

• Virgilio Mortari• Concerto per Franco Petracchi

• Edouard Nanny• Concerto in E minor

• Einojuhani Rautavaara• Angel of Dusk, concerto for double bass and orchestra (1980)

• Anthony Ritchie• Whalesong (2006)

• Nino Rota• Divertimento Concertante for double bass and orchestra (1968–1973)

• Johannes Matthias Sperger• Concerto in D major, No. 15

• Eduard Tubin• Double Bass Concerto (1948)

• Johann Baptist Vanhal• Concerto in E♭ major

• Aldemaro Romero• Concierto risueño

• Serge Lancen• Concerto pur contrebasse et cordes

• Fernand Fontaine• Concerto As dur

Double concertos for violin and cello 36

Double concertos for violin and celloThis article is about all Double Concertos for Violin and Cello. For the Brahms concerto, see DoubleConcerto (Brahms).

This is a list of musical compositions for violin, cello and orchestra, ordered by surname of composerPlease see the related entries for concerto, cello and cello concerto for discussion of typical forms and topics.Also see the list of solo cello pieces and List of compositions for cello and piano.

A• Kurt Atterberg

• Concerto in G minor and C major for violin, violoncello and string orchestra. Op. 57. (1959–60)

B• Johann Christian Bach

• Symphonies concertantes for violin, cello and orchestra in A major (C.79) and B-flat major (C.46) [1]

• Alexander Bakshi• Winter in Moscow; Ice-covered ground … for violin, cello and string orchestra (1994)

• Rainer Bischof• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1980)

• Konrad Boehmer• Il combattimento for violin, cello, and orchestra (1989–90)

• Johannes Brahms• Double Concerto in A minor for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1887)

• Cesar Bresgen• Concertino, for violin, cello and small orchestra

C• Friedrich Cerha

• Double Concerto, for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1976)• Gordon Shi-Wen Chin

• Double concerto for Violin and Cello (2006)

D• Richard Danielpour

• A Child's Reliquary (Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra) (2000)• In the Arms of the Beloved (Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra) (2001)

• Johann Nepomuk David• Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra op. 68 (1971)

• Frederick Delius• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1915–16)

• Gaetano Donizetti

Double concertos for violin and cello 37

• Double Concerto (Concertino) for Violin, Cello and Orchestra in D minor (reconstruction by J.Wojciechowski)[2]

E• Thierry Escaich

• "Miroir d'ombres", Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (2006)

F• Mohammed Fairouz

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra States of Fantasy (2010)

G• Philip Glass

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (2010)

H• Daron Hagen

• Masquerade for violin, cello and orchestra (2007)• Lou Harrison

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Gamelan (1982)• Leopold Hofmann

• Concerto in G major for violin, cello and string orchestra• David Johnstone

• Double Concertante for Solo Violin, Solo Cello and Chamber Orchestra (16 mins) (2009)

K• Julius Klengel

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra No.1• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra No.2, Op.61 (1924)

L• Ezra Laderman

• Concerto for violin and violoncello and orchestra (Edition - Schirmer) (1986)• Henri Lazarof

• Partita di Madrigal Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (25 min) (2001)

Double concertos for violin and cello 38

M• Tigran Mansurian

• Double Concerto for violin, cello and string orchestra (1978)• Marko Mihevc

• Fidlfadl for Violin solo, Cello solo, and string orchestra (2003)• Romance for Violin solo, Cello solo, and string orchestra (2003)

• Norbert Moret• Double Concerto for Violin and Cello (1981)

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart• Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Cello and Orchestra K. 364 in E flat major (1779) arranged

(original for violin, viola and orchestra)

O• Mark O'Connor

• Double Concerto for violin, cello and Orchestra (For the Heroes) - Three movements

P• Hans Pfitzner

• Duo for Violin, Cello and Small Orchestra (or piano)

R• Josef Reicha

• Concerto in D major for Violin, Cello and Orchestra, Op.3• Robert Xavier Rodríguez

• Favola Concertante, Ballet and Double Concerto for Violin, Cello, and String Orchestra (1975)• Julius Röntgen

• Double Concerto for violin and cello (1927)• Ned Rorem

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra• Miklós Rózsa

• Theme and Variations for violin, cello and orchestra (Op. 29a is a version of the slow movement for smallerorchestra.)

Sinfonia Concertante, Op. 29Tema con Variazoni, Op. 29a (1958)

Double concertos for violin and cello 39

S• Camille Saint-Saëns

• La Muse et le Poète for Violin, Cello and Orchestra, op. 132 (1910) - A symphonic poem with violin and cellosolo

• Helmut Schmidinger• “… the sound of the wings, as they brushed one another …” [3] - Concerto for Violin, Violoncello and String

Orchestra (2009/2010)• Alfred Schnittke

• Concerto Grosso No. 2, for violin, violoncello and orchestra (1981–82)• Roger Sessions

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1970-1) [4]

• David Soldier• Ultraviolet Railroad concerto for violin, cello and orchestra (1992)

• Carl Stamitz• Sinfonia Concertante in D major for violin, cello and orchestra

T• Ivan Tcherepnin

• Double Concerto for Violin, Cello and Orchestra (1996)

V• Henri Vieuxtemps

• Duo brilliant, for Violin, Cello and Orchestra, Op. 39• Antonio Vivaldi

• Double Concerto ("Il Proteo, o sia Il mondo al rovescio") for Violin, Cello, Strings and continuo in F major,RV 544

• Double Concerto ("All'inglese"), for Violin, Cello, Strings & Continuo in A major, RV 546• Double Concerto for violin and cello and strings and continuo in B flat major RV 547• Concerto for Violin, Cello and Strings in B-flat major Op. 20, No. 2• Concerto for Violin, Cello and Strings in F major PV 308• Concerto for Violin, Cello and Strings in A major PV 238

• Antonín Vranický (also spelled Anton Wranitzky)• Two Concertos for Violin and Cello and orchestra

Double concertos for violin and cello 40

W• Robert Ward

• Dialogues for violin, cello and orchestra (1983)

Y• Eugène Ysaÿe

• Poème nocturne, for Violin, Cello and Orchestra, op. 29 (1927)

Z• Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

• Concerto for violin, violincello and orchestra

Other Double Concertos• Antonio Vivaldi

• Concerto for bassoon, cello and orchestra in e minor RV 409• Edison Denisov

• Concerto for bassoon, cello and orchestra (1982)• Michael Nyman

• Double Concerto for saxophone, cello and orchestra (1996-9)

External links[1] "Review of Recording of JC Bach's Complete Symphonies Concertantes" (http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ classrev/ 2007/ Oct07/

JCBach_set_7772922. htm). MusicWeb International. October 2007. . Retrieved 2007-11-11.[2] Benedek, Tamás (1994). "Notes to Recording of Donizetti Double Concerto" (http:/ / www. naxos. com/ mainsite/ blurbs_reviews.

asp?item_code=8. 557492& catNum=557492& filetype=About this Recording& language=English). Naxos Records. . Retrieved 2007-12-10.[3] http:/ / www. helmutschmidinger. at/ werkverzeichnis/ werkkapitel/ kap312. htm[4] "Publisher List with Sessions' Double Concerto" (http:/ / www. presser. com/ sessions. html). Theodore Presser. . Retrieved 2007-11-11.

• Anthology of 20th century violin concertos (http:/ / www. violinconcerto. de)• Shar Music Catalogue (http:/ / www. sharmusic. com/ )

English horn 41

English hornA number of concertos and concertante works have been written for cor anglais (English horn) and string, wind,chamber, or full orchestra.English-horn concertos appeared about a century later than oboe solo pieces, mostly because until halfway throughthe 18th century different instruments (the taille de hautbois, vox humana and the oboe da caccia) had the role of thetenor or alto instrument in the oboe family. The modern English horn was developed from the oboe da caccia in the1720s, probably in Silesia. The earliest known English-horn concertos were written in the 1770s, mostly byprominent oboists of the day, such as Giuseppe Ferlendis, Ignaz Malzat (and his non-oboist brother Johann MichaelMalzat) and Joseph Lacher[1] . Few of these works have survived. Among the oldest extant English-horn concertosare those by Josef Fiala (a period transcription of a piece originally for viola da gamba) and Anton Milling. It isknown that Milling's concerti were performed in 1782 by the Italian oboist Giovanni Palestrina at a concert inHamburg [1] .Many solos in orchestral works were written for the English horn and a decent amount of chamber music appearedfor it as well. However, few solo works with a large ensemble were written for the instrument until well into the 20thcentury. Since then the repertoire has expanded considerably. Of the 270+ concertos listed below only 35 predate theSecond World War.

Solo concertos

Composer Title Year[2] Accompaniment Length

(min.) Publisher Record label

Raffaeled'Alessandro

Serenade, op. 12 1936 strings and timpani 8' Amadeus Pan (Qualiton)

William Alwyn Autumn Legend 1954 strings 12' Lengnick Lyrita; Chandos;Naxos

Keith Amos Princess of the peacocks 1995 strings CMA Publications

Louis Applebaum Five Snapshots [3] 1999 strings

Jesús Arámbarri Ofrenda a Falla 1946 strings 4' UME Naxos

Henk Badings American Folks Song Suite 1975 winds Peters

Carles Baguer Concerto [4] 1801 orchestra

Matthias Bamert Concertino 1966 strings Schirmer; Schott

Jeanne Barbillion Cortège funèbre strings

Siegfried Barchet Concertino 1973 strings Hänssler Classic

Arnold Bax Concertante for Three SoloInstruments and Orchestra [5]

1949 orchestra 29' Chapell Chandos

Vincenzo Benatti Concerto in F major 1790 orchestra 15' Universal

Ortwin Benninghoff Legende 2001 strings

Warren Benson Recuerdo [6] 1965 winds 16' Presser Golden Crest

Alexandre Béon Air Lointain (Poème Symphonique)[7]

1912 orchestra Lemoine

Hans Willy Bergen Bucolica 1952 orchestra 3' Bernbach; M.M. Coleand Peters

English horn 42

Lorne Betts Elegy 1949 strings CNC

Oliver CorcoranBinney

Three poems 1965 strings 8'

Yohanan Boehm Concerto, op. 19 1958 orchestra IMP

Jo van den Booren Suite Dionysienne, op. 10 1964 strings 13' Donemus

Teresa Borràs iFornell

Concerto, op. 116 1994 strings 20' Tritó

Siegfried Borris Concertino 1949 strings Peters

Neil Bramson Concertion 2006 strings Da Capo

Colin Brumby Scena for cor anglais 1988 strings 9' Phylloscopus ABC Classics

Victor Bruns Concerto, op. 61 1978 orchestra Breitkopf

Anthony Burgess Concerto—OS6.3 1988 orchestra Saga

Eurico Carrapatoso Cinco peças de carácter 2005 strings

Elliott Carter Pastoral [8] 1988 strings marimba Merion

André Casanova Musique concertante 1969 orchestra United Music

Romeo Cascarino Blades of Grass 1945 strings 7' Lyra Naxos

Frits Celis Kareol, op. 61b 1997 orchestra 8'30 Phaedra

Sergio Cervetti Duelle 1974 strings

Emmanuel Chabrier Lamento 1875 orchestra 8' Schirmer Naxos

Julius Chajes Melody and dance 1958 strings Transcontinental Archer

Brian Cherney In the stillness of September 1942 1992 orchestra Doberman-Yppan Centrediscs

Brian Cherney La Princesse lointaine [3] 2001 harp orchestra 18' Doberman-Yppan Centrediscs

Barney Childs Concerto 1955 strings harppercussion

14' ACE

Elizabeth Clark Larghetto 1941 orchestra

Dinos Constantinides Threnos of Creon 2006 strings Magni

Robert Cummings Concerto 2006 orchestra

Arthur Cunningham Dim du mim 1969 orchestra Presser

Michael Daugherty Spaghetti western [9] 1998 orchestra 21' Peer Music Equilibrium

Gion AntoniDerungs

Elegia, op. 131/a 1993 harp strings Pizzicato

David Diamond Elegy in memory of WilliamFaulkner (No. 1 of Elegies for flute,EH, and string orch.)

1963 strings 9' Peer Music

Igor Dibak Altayan Nocturne, op. 30 1984 strings percussion

Caspar Diethelm Concerto, op. 37 1963 harp strings

Gerd Domhardt Orpheus 1994 strings

Gaetano Donizetti Concertino in G major, In. 608 1816 orchestra 11' Peters; Litolff 8+ recordings

Will Eisma Indian summer 1981 orchestra Donemus

Roderick Elms Il Cygnet 2003 orchestra 4' Dutton

Eberhard Eyser Girondelle 1995 strings SMIC

English horn 43

Giuseppe Ferlendis Concerto in C [10] 1790 orchestra KrausHaus

George Fiala Introduction et fugato 1961 strings

Josef Fiala Concerto in E-flat 1780[11]

orchestra 12' Cesky Hudebni Fond Philips

Juraj Filas Ora pro nobis, Fantaisie concertante 2000 orchestra Bim Editions

Ernst Fischer First piece of “Drei Stücke” > Idylle 1948 orchestra 4' Robert Forberg

Anton Fladt Concertino [12] 1810 orchestra Befoco

Bjørn Fongaard Concerto, op. 120, No. 7 [13] 1976 orchestra 21' NMIC

Matt Fossa Festive Dances 2006 strings timpany

Tommy Fowler Concerto 1995 orchestra

Luca Francesconi Plot in fiction [6] 1986 orchestra 9' Ricordi Metier;Attaca(2x);Megadisc

Luca Francesconi Secondo Concerto[14] 1991 orchestra 14' Ricordi BVHaast

Isadore Freed Concertino 1953 orchestra [15]

Peter Racine Fricker Concertante No.1, op. 13 1950 strings 13' Schott

EugeniaFrothingham

Soliloquy 1974 orchestra

Kenneth Fuchs Eventide 1985 orchestra 21' Naxos

Peter Paul Fuchs Fantasy 1974 strings 12' Belwin & Mills

Peter Paul Fuchs Partita concertante, op. 43 1981 strings 10'

Anis Fuleihan Le cor anglais s'amuse 1969 orchestra

Raphael Fusco Capriccio Concertante 2007 orchestra

Kenji Fusé Elegy 1998 strings

John Linton Gardner The Last Prelude, op. 247 2003 strings MS

René Gerber Concertino 1976 orchestra 22' Gallo

Timothy Goplerud Concerto 2001 orchestra

Ursula Görsch Konzertstuck [6] 1988 orchestra

Gabriel Ian Gould Watercolors 1998 orchestra 12' Albany

MatthiasGrimminger

Konzert 1995 orchestra Artivo

Richard Gross Interlude 1952 strings ACFE

Urho Hallaste Lyyrillinen sarja (Lyric Suite) 1962 strings 14' FMIC

Joseph Hallman Divine Discontent 2007 strings harppercussion

Hallman

Ted Hansen Contrasts 1980 strings 25' Seesaw

A. Oscar Haugland Concertino 1996 orchestra TrevCo

Nico Hermans Ode 1985 strings Donemus

Jennifer Higdon Soliloquy 1989 strings Lawdon

English horn 44

Edward BurlingameHill

Music, op. 50 1943 orchestra

Sydney PhillipHodkinson

The Edge of the Old One [16] 1977 strings percussion 26' Presser New World

Bernard Hoffer Concerto 1989 orchestra

Anders Hultqvist Variation n.31: concerto 1993 orchestra SMIC

Gordon Jacob Rhapsody [17] 1948 strings 9' Steiner & Bell;Galaxy

Golden Crest

Stanislav Jelínek Partita strings

Ivo Jirasek Podvecerni hudba 1985 strings

Joseph Jongen Méditation op. 21 1901 orchestra

Joseph Kaminski Variations on an Israeli theme 1958 strings Israeli Music Institute

Maurice Karkoff Lieder ohne Worte: Stimmungsbilder,op. 188

1991 orchestra SMIC

Elena Kats-Chernin Champagne in a Teapot 1997 orchestra Boosey & Hawks

Ulysses Kay Pietà 1950 strings 7' Pembroke

Garrison Keillor What an English horn player thinks 2006 orchestra

Aaron Jay Kernis Colored Field 1994 orchestra 41' Schirmer Argo

Uuno Klami Intermezzo 1937 orchestra 4' FMIC Alba

Erland von Koch Fantasi över en svensk vallåt 1975 strings SMIC

Erland von Koch Rondo 1983 strings WarnerCh

Jan Koetsier Vision pastorale, op. 15/1 1937 strings Donemus

Karl MichaelKomma

Elegie und Scherzo 1998 orchestra 12’

Leslie Kondorossy Serenade, op. 11 1946 orchestra

Marek Kopelent Concertino 1984 orchestra 19’ Breitkopf und Härtel Praga

Karl-Heinz Köper Der Schwan von Pesaro 1979 orchestra 12' Köper Verlag

William Kraft Concerto [3] 2002 orchestra 20’ Presser

Bernhard Krol Serenata amorosa, op. 57 1972 mandolin orchestra Trekel

Bernhard Krol Consolazione concerto, op. 70 1980 strings Bote & Bock

Herbert Küster Bukolische serenade & Notturno strings Bosworth

Oddvar S. Kvam Elegy, op. 8 [13] 1959 strings timpany 7' NMIC

Otomar Kvěch Cassandra and the Trojan Horse [18] 2004 orchestra 10' NMIC

Harold Laudenslager Elegy (In memoriam) 1959 strings timpany US-Wc

Aubert Lemeland L'automne et ses envols d'étourneaux,op. 145

1990 harp strings 12' Billaudot Skarbo

Dimitrios Levidis Divertissement, op. 25 1911 orchestra Durdilly-Hayet

Gerald Levinson From Erebus and black night 1979 orchestra Philharmusic

Ivana Loudova Luminous Voice 1985 orchestra C F Peters

James MacMillan The World's Ransoming 1996 orchestra 22' LSO;Bis

English horn 45

Bruno Maderna Concerto n.1 [19] 1962 orchestra 20' Bruzzichelli BVHaast; ColLegno

Bruno Maderna Concerto n.3 [6] [7] 1973 orchestra 17' Ricordi BVHaast; ColLegno

Johann MichaelMalzat

Concerto in E-flat 1785 orchestra

Johann MichaelMalzat

Concerto in F 1785 orchestra

Fritz Mareczek Sommerabend am Berg 1956 orchestra Gerig; Peters

John Marvin Concerto 2006 orchestra Fish Creek

Nicholas Maw Concerto 2005 orchestra 20' Faber

Hardy Mertens Tone poem "Queen of Sheba", op.125

1984 winds

Anton Milling Concerto in B-flat 1780 strings Molinari

Walter Mourant Elm St, Fairbury, Illinois 1954 strings 7' ACA

Alexandros Mouzas Monologue 2001 orchestra 13' Naxos

Bernhard EduardMüller

Abendempfindung im Gebirge, op. 12 1880 orchestra Merseburger

HansMüller-Talamona

Ballata 1989 orchestra

Vazgen Muradian Concerto, op. 80 1993 orchestra

Gösta Nystroem Ett litet intermezzo 1937 strings SMIC

Leroy Osmon A Lonely Moment Wakens 2005 harp strings RBC

Ian Parrott Concerto 1954 orchestra Novello

Gustaf Paulson Concerto nr 1, op. 99 1958 strings timpany SMIC

Gustaf Paulson Concerto nr 2, op. 103 1959 strings SMIC

KrzysztofPenderecki

Adagietto from the "Paradise Lost" 1979 strings 5' MS Dux

Alain Perron Double éclat [20] 1992 orchestra 8' Doberman Vienna ModernMasters

Vincent Persichetti Concerto, op. 137 [16] 1977 strings 24' Elkan Grenadilla; NewWorld

Bryony Phillips Child birth 1949 orchestra

Astor Piazolla Tanti anni prima 1984 orchestra 5' 8+ records

Giuseppe Pilotti Konzertstuck in F [21] 1806 orchestra Berliner Torofon

Walter Piston Fantasy 1952 harp strings 9' AMP Capriccio;Delos; Naxos

Juan Bautista Plaza Elegía 1923 strings

David L. Post Concerto 1999 orchestra 19' MMC (2x)

Archibald JamesPotter

Madra Líath na Mara (Grey Dog ofthe Sea) [22]

1977 orchestra

Mel Powell Cantilena concertante 1948 orchestra Schirmer

English horn 46

AlexanderRadvilovitch

Concerto 1986 orchestra

Anton Reicha Scène (Recitative and Rondo) 1811 orchestra McGinnis & Marx;Amadeus

Philips

Alan Ridout Concertino 1979 strings Emerson Wirripang

Richard Rijnvos Riflesso sull'acqua [23] 2007 orchestra 15'

Ned Rorem Concerto [16] [24] 1992 orchestra 23' Boosey & Hawkes New World

Ronald Roseman Concertion (or Chanson) 1983 strings 14' ACE

Arnold Rosner Five meditations, op. 36 1967 harp strings 18' Laurel

Arne Running Concertino, op. 4 [25] 1982 strings 18' Shawnee CRI

Marjorie M. Rusche Concerto 1974 orchestra

Josef Rut Concerto 1983 strings 15'

Herman Sandby Romance 1950 harp strings Skandinavisk

François Sarhan Cinq pièces: "Études pour la Fleurinverse“

2004 orchestra 12'

Josef Schelb Concerto 1970 strings 19' Antes

Harold Schiffman Chamber Concerto 1986 orchestra 17' North/South

Wolfgang-AndreasSchultz

Abendländisches Lied [26] 1989 orchestra 18' Astoria

José Serebrier Casi un Tango 2002 strings 6' BIS

Larry Shackley Concerto 2006 orchestra

Jean Sibelius The Swan of Tuonela, op. 22/3 1893 orchestra 9' Doblinger 125+ records

StanislawSkrowaczewski

Concerto 1969 orchestra 18' Schirmer Desto; Phoenix

Vilnis Šmīdbergs Concerto Symphony 1983 strings 18' Musica Baltica

Hale Smith Recitative and Aria 1995 winds

Robert EdwardSmith

Concerto 2008 orchestra

Vladimír Soukup Sonata 1966 strings piano

Simeon Stafford Andante 2006 orchestra Da Capo

Jack Stamp Elegy 1990 winds 6' Klavier

ChristopherStanichar

Poem 2005 strings Trevco

Hans Steinmetz Liebesruf eines Faun 1954 orchestra Forberg; Trevco

David Stock Evensong 1985 winds 9' Peters

WolfgangStockmeier

Sonata 1969 strings Möseler

Jan Stoeckart Suite Pastorale [27] 1975 harp strings 9' Orlando

Allan Burrage Stout Intermezzo, op. 4 1955 strings celestatom-tom

Peters

Otto Strobl Musik 1994 orchestra 10'

English horn 47

Tomas Svoboda Chorale from 15th Century, op. 52f 1993 strings 4'

Keith Templeman Concerto 2006 orchestra

Johannes PaulThilman

Orpheus 1969 orchestra Peters

John Thow Bellini Sky 2005 orchestra 20'

Roger Trefousse Column 1979 strings 10'

Paul Turok Canzone Concertante, op. 57 1980 orchestra 13’ Schirmer

Paul Turok Concerto, op. 73 1985 strings 15’ Fischer

Pēteris Vasks Concerto 1989 orchestra 21’ Schott Wergo; Conifer;RCA

Giulio Viozzi Arioso e burlesca 1994 strings Pizzicato

Berthe diVito-Delvaux

Piece Concertante, op. 105 1965 orchestra 9’

Henk de Vlieger Concerto [28] 1992 orchestra 20’

Lodewijk de Vocht Herderswijze ("Shepherd's tune") 1908 strings

Gustave Vogt Adagio [29] 1830 orchestra F-Pn 16.683

Gustave Vogt Prière de Zingarelli, Lettre A [30] 1835 orchestra Richault

Zbynek Vostrak Kristaly (Crystals), op. 65 1983 strings percussion 13'

Alarich Wallner Konzert [6] 1971 orchestra

Fried Walter Traunsee 1957 strings harpglockenspiel

Guy Warrack Lullaby 1950 orchestra 6' Novello

John Weinzweig Divertimento n.11 1990 strings 13' CMC CMC

Elliot Weisgarber Autumnal Music 1973 strings 15' CMC

Joseph Pollard White Concerto 2006 orchestra

Michel Wiblé Nocturne 1946 harp orchestra

Michel Wiblé Ballade 1955 orchestra

Michel Wiblé Rapsodia 1962 strings percussion

Peter Wiegold Earth, receive an honoured guest 2003 strings 18'

Alec Wilder Air 1944 strings 4' USA Sony; Newport

Robert Wittinger Consonante, op. 5 1965 orchestra

Hugo Wolf Italian serenade [31] 1892 orchestra 8'

ErmannoWolf-Ferrari

Concertino in A-flat, op. 34 1947 orchestra 27’ Leuckart; Peters CPO; Koch;Tactus (2x)

Pavel Zemek Serenade 2004 orchestra

Richard Zettler Concerto 1966 winds

English horn 48

Double and triple concertos

Composer Title Year Other soloist(s) Accompaniment Length(min.)

Publisher Record label

BenjaminAshkenazy

Izkor, in memoriam Glen Gould,op. 9

1986 piano orchestra Donemus

Robert GeorgeBarrow

Sinfonia concertante trumpet, doublebass

orchestra

Stefano Bellon Alfabeto deserto 2006 flute orchestra

MichaelBerkeley

Tristessa 2004 viola orchestra 22' OUP Chandos

Victor Bruns Concerto, op. 74 1982 flute strings,percussion

Breitkopf

Diana Burrell Dunkelhvide Månestråler 1996 contralto orchestra UMP

LuigiCherubini

Ave Maria: Offertorium 1816 soprano orchestra 5' Fentone;Kalmus

9+ recordings

Aaron Copland Quiet City 1940 trumpet strings 10' Boosey &Hawks

46+ recordings

Jan van Dijk Suite pastorale, op. 199 1953 oboe orchestra Donemus

FrancoDonatoni

Holly 1990 oboe, oboed'amore

orchestra Ricordi

Antal Dorati Trittico 1985 oboe, oboed'amore

orchestra Decca

JohannesDriessler

Concerto da camera I, op. 51 1962 flute, violin strings Boosey &Hawks

Roderick Elms Cygncopations - Reverie et Danse 2003 vibraphone orchestra 7' Dutton

HaroldFarberman

Shapings 1983 percussion (2) strings Cortelu

Josef Fiala Concertante in B flat 1780 clarinet orchestra 20' Musica Rara Arte Nova

EugeneGoossens

Concert piece op.65 [6] 1958 2 harps orchestra Mills ABC

Percy Grainger Colleen Dhas (The Valley LaySmiling)

1904 flute, guitar strings 4' Bardic Cala; Chandos;Koch

Jozef Gresak Concertino pastorale 1965 oboe, horn orchestra

Gary Hayes Serenade 1984 trumpet strings

HaraldHeilmann

Gulbenkian-Concerto 1974 trombone orchestra FGC

ArthurHonegger

Concerto da Camera 1948 flute strings 17' Salabert 12+ recordings

AlanHovhaness

Anahid op.57 1944 flute, trumpet strings,percussion

14' Peters Crystal

Charles Ives The Rainbow [32] 1914 flute strings, piano 2' Peer Music EMI, Sony,UnicornKanchana

Milko Kelemen Interplay 1998 oboe, oboed'amore

orchestra Sikorski

English horn 49

Miklos Kocsar Episodi 1982 oboe strings 15' EditioMusica

Hungaroton

Karl HeinzKöper

Concertino Tricolore 1974 bass clarinet,bassoon

strings 12' Köper

David I.Krivitsky

Double concerto 1989 piccolo trumpet strings

RiccardoMalipiero

Composizione concertata 1982 oboe, oboed'amore

strings 14' SuviniZerboni

Ignaz? Malzat Arietta e rondo 1792 English horn orchestra

Ignaz? Malzat Variazione e cantabile 1799 bassoon orchestra

ClarkMcAlister

Elegia para Quijote y Quijana [33] 1996 double bass winds 21' Maecenas Albany

Louis Moyse Marlborian concerto No. 2 1969 flute orchestra

Knut Nystedt Concertino, op. 29 [13] 1952 clarinet strings 19' NMIC Norsk KomponistForening

Alessio Prati Misero pargoletto (aria) 1786 alto orchestra

André Previn Reflections 1981 cello orchestra 13' Chester Angel

Augusto B.Rattenbach

Doppio concerto 1969 clarinet orchestra

João GuilhermeRipper

Abertura Concertante 1999 oboe orchestra

Irving Robbin Concerto for oboes and strings 1983 oboe, oboed'amore

strings

Alec Roth Departure of the Queen of Sheba 1999 oboe strings

Helmut Sadler Dialog-Szenen oboe strings 20' Latzina

NicolaScardicchio

Kemit, canti e danze del giovaneHorus

2002 soprano, viola orchestra Latzina

OthmarSchoeck

Serenade, op. 27 1930 oboe strings 5' Breitkopf &Härtel

CPO

Max Schubel Elation "Uniesienie" 2002 bariton, cello orchestra 8' Opus One

Max Schubel Aquirelle 2003 cello orchestra 13' Opus One

RodionShchedrin

Shepherd's Pipes of Vologda(Hommage to Bartók), op. 91

1995 oboe, horn strings 8' Schott

HeinrichSimbriger

Elegie, op. 94 1963 violin strings 12'

Robert Starer Concerto a quattro 1983 oboe, clarinet,bassoon

orchestra 22' MCA MMC

Clive Strutt Suite in G minor after Loeillet 1996 oboe strings,harpsichord

22' SMC

Gleb Taranov Concerto piccolo 1937 flute, bassoon strings

IvanTcherepnin

Triple Concertino [7] 1997 trombone,contrabassclarinet

winds 13'

Francis Thorne Triple Concerto 2004 bass clarinet,viola

orchestra 23' Presser

English horn 50

FrantišekXaver Thuri

Triple Concerto in D-major 2005 oboe, oboed'amore

strings,harpsichord

Thuri

Tôn-Thât Tiêt Hy Vong 14 1971 harpsichord strings 15' Salabert

Michael Touchi Tango Barroco 2000 sopranosaxophone

strings 16' JDA

EugenioToussaint

Gauguin 2000 harp strings 20' Urtext

John Veale Triune 1993 oboe orchestra 14' Lengnick

Mathieu Vibert Nocturne 1973 oboe orchestra 15' Doron

GrahamWhettam

Les Roseaux Au Vent 1993 2 oboes, bassoon strings 17' Meriden

Isang Yun Duetto concertante 1987 oboe strings 18' Bote & Bock

Sources• William Wallace McMullen, Soloistic English Horn Literature from 1736-1984 [34], Pendragon Press, 1994• Sandro Caldini, The English Horn Bibliography [35] at the international Double Reed Society's website.• David Lindsey Clark, Appraisals of Original Wind Music [36], Greenwood Publ. 1999, pp 148–152.

References and notes[1] Michael Finkelman, " Die Oboeinstrumente in tiefer Stimmlage, Teil 5 (http:/ / portraits. klassik. com/ musikzeitschriften/ template.

cfm?SEITE=1& START=1& AID=522)", Tibia 99 (1999): 618-24.[2] Years in italics are estimates, which may be off by as much as 10 years.[3] Dan Stolper, Oboists in the news (http:/ / www. idrs. org/ publications/ DR/ PUBIDRS2/ DR26. 1/ 19. pdf), The Double Reed 26 (1), page 20,

2003[4] This concerto may be lost (see ca:Corn anglès and ca:Carles Baguer (in Catalan)[5] First movement is for EH and orchestra (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ work/ c424547)[6] Soloist alternates between oboe and English horn[7] Last finished composition by the composer[8] Carter's own adaptation of his pastoral for English horn and piano. In 1937 Carter also wrote a Concerto for English horn and orchestra, but

did not finish it and the manuscript has been destroyed[9] Lorraine Duso, Michael Daugherty's Spagetti Western (http:/ / www. idrs. org/ Publications/ DR/ DR23. 3. pdf/ Spaghetti), The Double Reed,

Vol. 23 No. 3, 1998[10] This is an arrangement of one of Ferlendis' published oboe concertos, mistaken by Saint-Foix as a period arrangement of his lost English

horn concerto.[version by Marcia Kraus (http:/ / www. idrs. org/ publications/ DR/ DR15. 1/ DR15. 1. Kraus. PDF), first version of 1987, finalversion of 2006)

[11] This piece was originally a concerto for viola da gamba, which the composer played. There is a period arrangement for basset horn. TheEnglish horn version is a 20th-century idea.

[12] Composition date unknown; composer lived from 1775 to 1850.[13] Norwegian oboe music (http:/ / www. idrs. org/ publications/ Journal/ JNL18/ JNL18. Register. Orch. html)[14] Soloist alternates between piccolo oboe (musette), oboe and English horn[15] The orchestral score does not appear to survive, and may never have been produced. MS with piano: US-NYpl.[16] Mike Silverton Three Concerti for English Horn (http:/ / www. dramonline. org/ albums/ three-concerti-for-english-horn/ notes), Liner notes[17] Robert Pusey Oboe and English horn music by Gordon Jacob (http:/ / www. idrs. org/ publications/ DR/ DR4. 3/ jacob. html), The Double

Reed Vol. IV, No. 3, 1981[18] Otomar Kvěch - Cassandra and the Trojan Horse (http:/ / www. rozhlas. cz/ nakladatelstvi/ news/ _zprava/ 221166)[19] Soloist alternates between oboe, oboe d'amore, and English horn[20] Soloist alternates between oboe d'amore, and English horn[21] http:/ / www. musicediting. de/ BME/ Images/ Josef%20Haydn%20-%20LP%20Inhalt. pdf[22] http:/ / www. cmc. ie/ composers/ pdfs/ 104. pdf[23] http:/ / www. richardrijnvos. com/ works/ orchestra/ no41/ riflesso_sull_acqua. htm[24] Daniel Stolper, Tom Stacy, Ned Rorem and a New Concerto (https:/ / www. idrs. org/ publications/ DR/ DR17. 2/ DR17. 2. Stolper. Stacy.

html), The Double Reed, Vol. 17, No. 2, 1992

English horn 51

[25] http:/ / www. arnerunning. com/ ehorch. html[26] http:/ / www. wolfgangandreasschultz. de/ abldlied. htm[27] Using the pseudonym Julius Steffaro[28] Orchestration of Sonate in F minor by Carlo Yvon (http:/ / www. henkdevlieger. nl/ yvon. htm)[29] 2nd movement of otherwise lost Concerto. Charles David Lehrer, An Introduction to the 16 Oboe Concertos of Gustave Vogt (http:/ / www.

idrs. org/ Publications/ Journal/ JNL16/ JNL16. Lehrer. Vogt. html)[30] http:/ / www. idrs. org/ scores/ Lehrer/ DRArch/ 27VogtZingarelli. html[31] Wolf originally orchestrated his serenade for English horn and orchestra, but in the final version (finished by Max Reger in 1903), the solo

English horn was replaced by a solo viola (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=NcIRAAAAYAAJ)[32] At 1:53 minutes hardly a "concerto".[33] Joseph Stevenson, review (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ work/ c220400) at allmusic.com[34] http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=AJj_ijFLjv4C[35] http:/ / idrs2. colorado. edu/ caldini/ cor%20anglais. html[36] http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=G4d733-Tlt4C

Flute concertoA flute concerto is a concerto for solo flute and instrumental ensemble, customarily the orchestra. Such works havebeen written from the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day.Some major composers have contributed to the flute concerto repertoire, with the best known works including thoseby Mozart, and Vivaldi.Traditionally a three-movement work, the modern-day flute concerto has occasionally been structured in four ormore movements. In some flute concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the flute is accompanied bya chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra.The 20th century saw the flute concerto championed by the famous French flutist Jean-Pierre Rampal.

Selected repertoireThe following concertos are presently found near the centre of the mainstream Western repertoire for the flute.

Baroque

Michel Blavet

• Concerto in A minor

Jean-Marie Leclair

• Concerto in C major

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

• Flute Concerto in G major

Johann Joachim Quantz (1697–1773) - author of over 300concertos for the flute.

• Concerto in G major• Concerto in C minor

Georg Philipp Telemann

• Concerto in F major

Antonio Vivaldi

• Concerto in F major for Flute ("La Tempesta di Mare"), RV 433 (Op. 10, No.1), RV 98 and RV 570

• Concerto in G minor for Flute ("La Notte"), RV 439 (Op. 10, No. 2)• Concerto in D major for Flute ("Il Gardellino"), RV 428 (Op. 10 No. 3)• Concerto in G major for Flute, RV 435 (Op. 10, No. 4)• Concerto in F major for Flute, RV 434 (Op. 10, No. 5)• Concerto in G major for Flute, RV 437 (Op. 10, No. 6)• Concerto in C major for 2 Flutes, RV 533

Flute concerto 52

Classical

C.P.E. Bach (1714–1788)

• Flute Concerto in D major• Flute Concerto in G major H.445

(Wq.169)• Flute Concerto in D minor H.426• Flute Concerto in A major H.438

(Wq.168)

Franz Benda (1709–1786)

• Concerto in G minor• Concerto in A minor

Domenico Cimarosa

• Concerto for Two Flutes in G Major(1783)

Franz Danzi

• Concerto No. 1 in G major• Concerto No. 2 in D minor• Concerto No. 3 in D minor• Concerto No. 4 in D major

François Devienne

• Concerto No. 2 in D major• Concerto No. 3 in G major• Concerto No. 7 in E minor• Concerto No. 10 in D major

Leopold Hoffmann

• Concerto in D major

Franz Anton Hoffmeister

• Flute Concerto D major

Franz Krommer

• Flute Concerto Op.86

Bernhard Molique

• Concerto in D minor for Flute and Orchestra

Leopold Mozart

• Flute Concerto in G major

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Concerto for Flute and Harp• Flute Concerto No. 1• Flute Concerto No. 2 - originally written as an Oboe Concerto but now also firmly part of the flute

repertoire.

Andreas Romberg

• Flute Concerto

Frederick the Great (1712–1786)

• Concerto in D major

Christoph Willibald Gluck

• Concerto in G major

Joseph Haydn

• Flute Concerto in D major

Franz Paul Lachner

• Flute Concerto in D minor

Antonio Rosetti

• Flute Concerto in G major• Flute Concerto in C major• Flute Concerto in F major

Antonio Salieri

• Concerto for Flute, Oboe and Orchestra (1774)• Concertino da camera for Flute and Strings (1777)

Karl Stamitz

• Concerto in G major

Peter von Winter

• Flute Concerto No. 1 in D minor• Flute Concerto No. 2 in D minor

Flute concerto 53

Romantic

Franz Doppler

• Concerto in D minor for two flutes and orchestra

Bernhard Romberg

• Concerto in B minor 0202 2000 Strings

Saverio Mercadante

• Concerto in D major• Concerto in E major• Concerto in E minor• Concerto in F major (2 movements)

François Borne

• Carmen Fantasie Brillante

Peter Benoit

• Flute Concerto (Symphonic Tale)

Camille Saint-Saëns

• Odelette, Op. 62

Carl Reinecke

• Concerto in D major, Op. 283

Carl Gottlieb Reissiger

• Concertino in D major for Flute and Orchestra

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

• Concertstuck for flute and strings TH 247 (unfinished)

Reconstructed by James Strauss published by Falls House Press (USA)

Modern

Samuel Adler

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra (1977)

Kalevi Aho

• Flute Concerto

Robert Aitken

• Concerto for Flute and String Orchestra (Shadows V). (1999)

Leonard Bernstein

• Halil, nocturne for flute, percussion, and strings

Rutland Boughton

• Concerto for Flute and Strings

Pierre Boulez

• ...explosante-fixe..., for MIDI-flute, chamber orchestra and electronics (1972–1993)

Robert J. Bradshaw

• Concerto No. 2 for Catherine, for flute, violin, orchestra and/or piano

Howard Hanson

• Serenade for Solo Flute, Harp and String Orchestra

Carl Nielsen

• Flute Concerto (1926)

Krzysztof Penderecki

• Flute Concerto (1992)

William P. Perry

• Summer Nocturne for Flute and Orchestra (1988)

Walter Piston

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra (1971)

Yves Prin

• Le Souffle d'Iris (1986)

Einojuhani Rautavaara

• Flute Concerto Dances with the Winds

Jean Rivier

• Flute Concerto

Flute concerto 54

Henry Brant

• Ghosts & Gargoyles Concerto for flute solo with flute orchestra (2002)

John Carmichael

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra: Phoenix Concerto 2222-4331 perc, harp, string,timpani

John Corigliano

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra: Pied Piper Fantasy

Edison Denisov

• Flute Concerto (1975)

Jindřich Feld

• Flute Concerto (1954)

Morton Feldman

• Flute and Orchestra (1978)

Jean Françaix

• Double Concerto for Flute, Clarinet and Orchestra• Flute Concerto (1967)

Otar Gordeli

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra, Op. 8

Charles Tomlinson Griffes

• Poem for Flute and Orchestra

Joaquín Rodrigo

• Concierto pastoral, for flute and orchestra (1978)

Ned Rorem

• Flute Concerto

Christopher Rouse

• Flute Concerto

Aulis Sallinen

• Flute Concerto Harlekiini, Op. 70 (1995)

R. Murray Schafer

• Flute Concerto (1984)

Ole Schmidt

• Concerto for Flute and Strings

Toru Takemitsu

• Toward the Sea II, for alto flute, harp, and stringorchestra

Werner Thärichen

• Concerto for Flute and String Orchestra, Op. 29

Joan Tower

• Flute Concerto

Heather Schmidt

• Flute Concerto (2003)

Chris Harman

• Concerto for flute and orchestra, Catacombs (1999–2000)

Jacques Hétu

• Concerto pour flûte

Jacques Ibert

• Flute Concerto (1934)

Andre Jolivet

• Concerto (1949)

Aram Khachaturian

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra - originally written as a Violin concerto but nowfirmly part of the flute repertoire.

Lowell Liebermann

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra Op.39 (1992)• Concerto for Flute, Harp and Orchestra Op.48 (1995)

György Ligeti

• Double Concerto, for flute, oboe and orchestra

Dietrich Manicke

• Flute Concerto

Melinda Wagner

• Concerto for Flute, Strings and Percussion (PulitzerPrize winner 1999)

Herbert Willi

• Flute Concerto

Isang Yun

• Flute Concerto

Gordon Jacob

• Concerto for Flute and String Orchestra op.1• Concerto for Flute and String Orchestra op.2

Eric Ewazen

• Concerto for Flute and Chamber Orchestra

Harald Genzmer

• Flute Concerto

Peter Paul Koprowski

• Flute Concerto

Jeff Manookian

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra

Jim McGrath

• Flute Concerto

Flute concerto 55

Olivier Messiaen

• Concert à quatre ("Quadruple concerto"), for piano, flute, oboe, 'cello and orchestra(1990–91)

Arthur Foote

• Nocturne and Scherzo for Flute and String Orchestra

Sir Malcolm Arnold

• Concerto for Flute and Strings• Flute Concerto No. 2

Eduardo Angulo

• Flute Concerto• Double Concerto for Flute and Harp

Leonid Bashmakov

• Concerto for Flute and Orchestra Impressioni marine

Michael Mower

• Concerto for Flute and Wind Band

Thorkell Sigurbjornsson

• Liongate for Flute and Orchestra

Aaron Avshalamov

• Flute Concerto

Mark Bosch

• Flute Concerto

Charles Wuorinen

• Chamber Concerto for Flute and 10 Players

Harmonica concerto

A chromatic harmonica

Since the 1940s, a number of concertos (as well asnon-concerto works) have been written for theharmonica, both as a solo instrument as well as inconjunction with other solo instrument(s), andaccompanied by string orchestra, chamber orchestra,full orchestra, band, or similar large ensemble.Nearly all harmonica concertos are composed for thechromatic harmonica, with the exception of the 2001 concerto for the diatonic harmonica by Howard Levy.

Such works include:• Malcolm Arnold: Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra, Op. 46 (1954)

• composed for Larry Adler• Milton Barnes - Concerto for Harmonica and Strings

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Arthur Benjamin - Harmonica Concerto (1953)

• composed for Larry Adler• Robert Russell Bennett - Concerto (1974)• Jean Berger - Caribbean Concerto (1940)

• composed for Larry Adler• Francis Chagrin - Romanian Fantasy (1956)

• composed for Larry Adler• Henry Cowell Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra (1962)

• composed for John Sebastian• Norman Dello Joio - Concertino for Harmonica and Orchestra (1948)

• composed for John Sebastian

Harmonica concerto 56

• Brett Deubner - Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra• Leo Diamond - Skin Diver Suite (1956)• Robert Farnon - Prelude and Dance for Harmonica and Orchestra (1966 - for Tommy Reilly)• Walter Girnatis - Concertino• Sigmund Groven: Legends, for Harmonica and Strings (2003)• Richard Hayman - Concerto (1978)• Hugo Herrmann - Concertino (1948)• Alan Hovhaness - Concerto No. 6, op. 114 (1953-4)

• composed for John Sebastian• Gordon Jacob - Divertimento (1957)

• composed for Larry Adler• Gordon Jacob - Five Pieces for harmonica and piano (1957; also arranged for harmonica and orchestra)

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Gordon Jacob: Introduction and Galop for Two Harmonicas and Strings (1976, for Tommy Reilly and Sigmund

Groven)• Egil Kapstad: Prelude for Harmonica and Orchestra (2008, for Sigmund Groven)• George Kleinsinger - Street Corner Concerto (1942)

• composed for John Sebastian• Karl-Heinz Köper - Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra, Op. 12 (1961)

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Oddvar S.Kvam: Colours, for Harmonica and Strings (1996, for Sigmund Groven)• Serge Lancen - Concerto (1958)

• composed for Larry Adler• Alan Langford: Concertante for Harmonica and Strings (1981, for Tommy Reilly)• Howard Levy - Concerto for Diatonic Harmonica and Orchestra

• the first concerto for diatonic harmonica and orchestra• Frank Lewin - Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra (1960)

• composed for John Sebastian• George Martin: Three American Sketches for Harmonica and Strings (1980, for Tommy Reilly)• George Martin: Adagietto for Harmonica and Strings (1985, for Tommy Reilly)• Darius Milhaud - Suite anglaise for harmonica (or violin) and orchestra, Op. 234 (1942)

• composed for Larry Adler• James Moody - Toledo, Spanish Fantasy for Harmonica and Orchestra (1960, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Little Suite for Harmonica and Orchestra (1960, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Period Piece for Harmonica and Orchestra (1964, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Innis Fallen for Harmonica and Orchestra (1965, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Divertissement for Harmonica and Orchestra (1967, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Cosmos, for Harmonica and Orchestra (1970, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: From Other Days, for Harmonica and Strings (1970, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Quintet for Harmonica and String Quartet (1972, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Suite dans le style français, for harmonica and harp (1979, for Tommy Reilly)• James Moody: Jacaranda for Harmonica and Orchestra (1984, for Tommy Reilly)• A. J. Potter - Concertino (1967)• Les Reed: Niagara Suite for Harmonica and Orchestra (1985, for Tommy Reilly)• William Russo - Street Music, A Blues Concerto

Harmonica concerto 57

• Terje Rypdal: Modulations for Harmonica and Orchestra (1981, for Sigmund Groven)• Henri Sauguet - The Garden's Concerto (1970)

• composed for Claude Garden• Max Saunders: Sonatina for Harmonica and Piano (1978, for Tommy Reilly)• Max Saunders: Invention for Two Harmonicas, Strings and Harp (1976, for Tommy Reilly and Sigmund Groven)• Kenneth Sivertsen: The Oak Tree, for Harmonica and Strings (1995, for Sigmund Groven)• Øistein Sommerfeldt: Harmonica Fantasia (1979, for Sigmund Groven)• Henning Sommerro: Concertino for Harmonica and Orchestra (2008. for Sigmund Groven)• Michael Spivakovsky - Concerto (1951)

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Siegfried Steinkogler - Harmonica Concerto (2001, for Sigmund Groven)• Vilem Tausky - Concertino (1963)

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Alexander Tcherepnin - Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra, Op. 86 (1953)

• composed for John Sebastian• Fried Walter: Ballade and Tarantella for Harmonica and Orchestra (1961, for Tommy Reilly)• Fried Walter: The Adventures of Corporal Smith, for Harmonica and Big Band (1968, for Tommy Reilly)• Fried Walter: Duettino for two Harmonicas and Orchestra (1969 for Tommy Reilly and Sigmund Groven)• Francis Ward: Kaleidoscope for Harmonica and Orchestra (1964, for Tommy Reilly)• Ralph Vaughan Williams - Romance in D-flat for harmonica, piano, and strings (1951)

• composed for Larry Adler• Heitor Villa-Lobos - Concerto for Harmonica and Orchestra (1955)

• composed for John Sebastian• Graham Whettam - Fantasy (1953)

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Graham Whettam - Concerto Scherzoso, Op. 9 (1951)

• composed for Larry Adler• Graham Whettam - Second Concerto, Op. 34

• composed for Tommy Reilly• Rudolf Wurthner - Intermezzo Giocoso (1957)• Corky Siegel

• Corky Siegel's Chamber Blues – Chamber Blues (1994 – Alligator)• Complementary Colors – Chamber Blues (1998 – Gadfly)• Corky Siegel's Traveling Chamber Blues Show – Chamber Blues (2005 – Alligator)• A good portion of Chamber Blues material is written as a harmonic concerto. i.e. Opus 7, Opus 8, Opus 12

Filisko's Dream, Opus 13 Unfinished Jump, Opus 17, Opus 18, Opus 19, Opus 20, Opus 21, Opus 22, FivePlanets in Harmonica Convergence, .. all for Harmonica and String Quartet with East Indian Tabla is somecases.

Harmonica concerto 58

External links• Classical Harmonica [1]

• http:/ / www. chamberblues. com

References[1] http:/ / www. ksanti. net/ free-reed/ history/ harmonica. html

Harpsichord concertoA harpsichord concerto is a piece of music for an orchestra with the harpsichord in a solo role (though for anothersense, see below.) Sometimes these works are played on the modern piano; see piano concerto. For a period in thelate 18th century, Joseph Haydn and Thomas Arne wrote concertos which could be played interchangeably on bothharpsichord, fortepiano and (in some cases) pipe organ.

The Baroque harpsichord concertoHarpsichord concertos were written throughout the Baroque era, notably by Johann Sebastian Bach: see harpsichordconcertos (J. S. Bach).The harpsichord was a very common instrument, but it was never as popular as string or wind instruments in theconcerto role, probably due to its relative lack of volume when in an orchestra. In this context, harpsichords weremore usually employed as a continuo instrument, playing a harmonised bass part in nearly all orchestral music, theplayer often also directing the orchestra.Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D major, BWV 1050, may be the first work in which the harpsichord appearedas a concerto soloist. In this piece, its usual continuo role is alternated with prominent solo obbligato episodes in allthree movements. In the first movement the harpsichord, after rapid scales up and down the length of its range,embarks on a solo cadenza which lasts for 3–4 minutes, while the orchestra is silent.

The concerto for solo harpsichordIt was also popular at this time to adapt Italian concertos for other instruments (such as violin and orchestra) for soloharpsichord (or organ), something that Bach did with many of Vivaldi's concertos. Bach's Italian concerto BWV 971is in this transcription style, though it was written as an original piece for harpsichord. The concerto transcriptionsBach made for harpsichord are listed as BWV 972–987 (see List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach).

The new harpsichord concertoWith the revival of the harpsichord in the 20th century, harpsichordists commissioned new pieces for the new'revival' instrument: Wanda Landowska commissioned concerti from Francis Poulenc and Manuel de Falla. Thoughthe 'revival instruments' have now fallen out of favour, concerti continue to be written for harpsichord, though arenow more likely to be played on a copy of a historical instrument, perhaps with a small orchestra or someamplification to ensure it can be well heard. Philip Glass has also written a concerto for harpsichord.

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List of harpsichord concertos• Johann Sebastian Bach (all 1720s-1740s) composed several Harpsichord concertos. For a detailed description and

samples of the harpsichord concertos see the dedicated article Harpsichord concertos (J. S. Bach)• Thomas Arne - 6 Favourite Concertos for harpsichord, piano or organ (late 18th century)• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach - about 50 keyboard concertos, including one for harpsichord and fortepiano.• Johann Christian Bach - 6 Concertos for Harpsichord, Op. 1; 5 Concertos for Harpsichord; Concerto for

Harpsichord in F minor; 6 Concertos for Keyboard, Op. 7; 6 Concertos for Keyboard, Op. 13• Gianluca Bersanetti - Concerto for Four Harpsichords and Strings in G minor (2009)• Hendrik Bouman - Concerto for Harpsichord and String Orchestra in D major (1998)• Manuel de Falla - Concerto for harpsichord (1926)• Joseph Dillon Ford Concerto for Harpsichord (2006)• Philip Glass - Concerto for Harpsichord and Chamber Orchestra (2002)• Henryk Górecki - Harpsichord Concerto (1980)• Frank Martin - Harpsichord Concerto (1951–52)• Bohuslav Martinů - Harpsichord Concerto (1935)• Georg Matthias Monn - Harpsichord concerto in G minor, Harpsichord concerto in D major (18th Century)• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Harpsichord concertos Nos 1–4 (KV. 37, 39, 40 and 41), arrangements of sonata

movements by other composers.• Francis Poulenc - Concert champêtre (1927–28)• Roberto Gerhard - Concerto for harpsichord, percussion and strings (mid 20th century)• Walter Leigh - Concertino for Harpsichord and String Orchestra (1934)• Jean-Jacques Coetzee - Concerti for Harpsichord, Opus 2 (2008) and Opus 5 (2009)• Michael Nyman - Concerto for Harpsichord and Strings (1995)Several other works feature the harpsichord as a solo instrument alongside others, including:• Elliott Carter - Double Concerto (1959–61, for harpsichord, piano and orchestra)• Alfred Schnittke - Concerto Grosso No. 1 (1977, for two violins, harpsichord, prepared piano and orchestra)• Frank Martin - Petite symphonie concertante for harp, harpsichord, piano and double string orchestra.

External links• http:/ / piano-concertos. org/ - a list of classical and romantic piano concertos

Oboe concerto 60

Oboe concertoA number of concertos (as well as non-concerto works)have been written for the oboe, both as a soloinstrument as well as in conjunction with other soloinstrument(s), and accompanied by string orchestra,chamber orchestra, full orchestra, band, or similar largeensemble.

These include concertos by the following composers:

Baroque

• Tomaso Albinoni • Alessandro Marcello• Johann Sebastian Bach • Johann Joachim Quantz• Arcangelo Corelli (arranged by John Barbirolli from other works by Corelli) • Alessandro Scarlatti• Joseph-Hector Fiocco • Georg Philipp Telemann• Christoph Graupner • Antonio Vivaldi• George Frideric Handel

Classical

• Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach • William Herschel• Johann Christian Bach • Ignaz Holzbauer

• Ludwig van Beethoven[1] • Johann Nepomuk Hummel

• Carlo Besozzi • Franz Krommer• Domenico Cimarosa • Ludwig August Lebrun• Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart• Josef Fiala • Antonio Rosetti• Joseph Haydn • Antonio Salieri

• Carl Stamitz

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Romantic• Vincenzo Bellini• Jan Kalivoda• August Klughardt• Bernhard Molique• Ignaz Moscheles• Antonio Pasculli• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (oboe and band)• Richard Strauss• Stanislas Verroust• Carl Maria von Weber (with winds)

Contemporary

• Kalevi Aho • Eugene Goossens • Thea Musgrave• William Alwyn • Michael Zev Gordon • Arne Nordheim• David Amram • Helen Grime • Sean Osborn• Hendrik Andriessen • John Harbison • Krzysztof Penderecki• Louis Andriessen • Jonathan Harvey • Haim Permont• Malcolm Arnold • Christos Hatzis • Osmo Tapio Räihälä• Tadeusz Baird • Hans Werner Henze • Bernard Rands• Leonardo Balada • Frigyes Hidas • Alan Rawsthorne• Samuel Barber • Jennifer Higdon • Wolfgang Rihm• Sally Beamish • Heinz Holliger • George Rochberg• David Bedford • Gustav Holst • Christopher Rouse• Arthur Benjamin (on themes of Domenico Cimarosa) • Arthur Honegger • Edwin Roxburgh• Richard Rodney Bennett • Jacques Ibert • Andrey Rubtsov• Luciano Berio • Gordon Jacob • Poul Ruders• Lennox Berkeley • John Joubert • Harald Sæverud• Michael Berkeley • Jouni Kaipainen • Esa-Pekka Salonen• John Biggs • Graeme Koehne • Sven-David Sandström• Benjamin Britten • Thomas Oboe Lee • Peter Schickele• Anthony Burgess • György Ligeti • Alfred Schnittke• Elliott Carter • Robert Linn • Leif Segerstam• Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco • Malcolm Lipkin • Roger Steptoe• John Corigliano • Bent Lorentzen • Hilary Tann• Henry Cowell • Witold Lutosławski • John Tavener• Peter Maxwell Davies • Salvatore Macchia • Joan Tower• Edison Denisov • Bruno Maderna • Ralph Vaughan Williams• Antal Doráti • Ursula Mamlok • Carl Vine• Bill Douglas • Frank Martin • Gwyneth Walker• Joël-François Durand • Bohuslav Martinů • Grace Williams• Ross Edwards • Nicholas Maw • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari• Edward Elgar • Darius Milhaud • John Woolrich• Morton Feldman • Anthony Milner • Marco Aurelio Yano• Lukas Foss • Paul Moravec • Isang Yun• Jean Françaix • Dominic Muldowney • Bernd Alois Zimmermann• John Gardner • David Mullikin • Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

Oboe concerto 62

References[1] http:/ / www. usatoday. com/ news/ world/ 2003-03-02-beethoven_x. htm

Organ concertoAn organ concerto is a piece of music, an instrumental concerto for a pipe organ soloist with an orchestra. The formfirst evolves in the 18th century, when composers including George Frideric Handel, Antonio Vivaldi and JohannSebastian Bach wrote organ concertos with small orchestras, and with solo parts which rarely call for the organ pedalboard. A few Classical and Romantic works are extant. Finally, there are some 20th- and 21st-century examples, ofwhich the concerto by Francis Poulenc has entered the repertoire, and is quite frequently played.The organ concerto form is not usually taken to include orchestral works that call for an organ used as an extraorchestral section, examples of which include the Third Symphony of Camille Saint-Saëns, Gustav Holst's ThePlanets or Richard Strauss's Also sprach Zarathustra.

List of organ concertos

G. F. Handel (1685-1759)Handel wrote organ concertos as interludes for his oratorios—playing the organ part himself while directing theorchestra. Some are arrangements of his earlier works, or of works by other composers. For more details see the listof Handel's concertos. Many alternatives exist, so it is difficult to precisely number his organ concertos, however it isgenerally accepted that he wrote 16:1. HWV 289 - Op. 4 No. 1 in G minor: larghetto, allegro, adagio, andante2. HWV 290 - Op. 4 No. 2 in B flat major: tempo ordinario, allegro, adagio, allegro ma non troppo3. HWV 291 - Op. 4 No. 3 in G minor: adagio, allegro, adagio, allegro4. HWV 292 - Op. 4 No. 4 in F major: allegro, andante, adagio, allegro5. HWV 293 - Op. 4 No. 5 in F major: larghetto, allegro, alla siciliana, presto6. HWV 294 - Op. 4 No. 6 in B flat major: andante, allegro, larghetto, allegro moderato7. HWV 306 - Op. 7 No. 1 in B flat major: andante, allegro, largo, adagio, allegro8. HWV 307 - Op. 7 No. 2 in A major: overture, tempo ordinario, tempo ordinario II, allegro9. HWV 308 - Op. 7 No. 3 in B flat major: allegro, fuga, spiritoso, minuets 1 & 210. HWV 309 - Op. 7 No. 4 in D minor: adagio, allegro, adagio, allegro11. HWV 310 - Op. 7 No. 5 in G minor: allegro ma non troppo, adagio, andante, minuet, gavotte12. HWV 311 - Op. 7 No. 6 in B flat major: pomposo, adagio, tempo ordinario13. HWV 295a - F major (No. 13): largo, allegro, larghetto, allegro

HWV 295b - second version: larghetto, allegro, larghetto, allegro14. HWV 296a - A major (No. 14) : largo e staccato, andante, grave, allegro

HWV 296b - second version, Pasticcio Konzert: andante, adagio, grave, andante allegro, a tempo ordinario15. HWV 304 - D minor (No. 15) : andante, adagio, allegro16. HWV 305a - F major (No. 16) : concerto, allegro, andante, andante allegro

HWV 305b - second version: overture, allegro, andante, andante allegro

Organ concertos arranged from Concerto Grossi, Op.6:

1. HWV 297 - D minor, after HWV 328: overture, air, allegro, allegro, allegro moderato2. HWV 298 - G major, after HWV 319: a tempo giusto, allegro, adagio, allegro, allegro

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3. HWV 299 - D major, after HWV 323 : larghetto e staccato, allegro, presto, largo, allegro, minuet un pocolarghetto

4. HWV 300 - G minor, after HWV 324 : largo e affettuoso, a tempo giusto, musette larghetto, allegro, allegro

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)• D minor for violin, organ and strings, RV541• F major for violin, organ and strings, RV542 (allegro, lento, allegro)• C major for violin, cello, organ and strings, RV554a• F major for 2 violins, 2 organs and double orchestra, RV584 (incomplete)• C minor for violin, organ and strings, RV766• F major for violin, organ and strings, RV767• C major for violin, organ and strings, RV774 (incomplete)• F major for violin, organ and strings, RV775 (incomplete)• C major for 2 organs and strings, RV793 (incomplete)

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)There is no clearly named "organ concerto" (i.e., for organ and orchestral ensemble) by Bach, but several cantatamovements contain extensive organ solo parts. One example is Cantata 146, whose first and second movements areadapted from the keyboard concerto BWV 1052. [1]. Cantata 35 contains two instrumental Sinfonias with organsolo, the first of which agrees with the fragmentary keyboard concerto BWV1059. [2]. (A recording of areconstruction of this as an organ concerto was made by Ton Koopman. [3]Bach's admiration for Vivaldi and the Italian style led to several transcriptions of instrumental concertos for soloorgan:

BWV key source movements

BWV 592 G major after Johann Ernst de Saxe-WeimarTranscription of a concerto for violin, strings and continuo

allegro, grave (E minor), presto

BWV 593 A minor after Antonio VivaldiBased on Op. 3 No. 8 for 2 violins and basso continuo(RV 522)

allegro, adagio (D minor) senza pedale a due claviere,allegro

BWV 594 C major after Antonio VivaldiBased on Op. 7 No. 5 for violin and basso continuo (RV 208)

allegro, adagio (A minor), recitativ, allegro - cadenza -allegro

BWV 595 C major After Johann Ernst de Saxe-Weimar Uses the first movement only.

BWV 596 D minor after Vivaldi or W.F. BachBased on Op. 3 No. 11 - RV 565 by Vivaldi or Op. XII byW.F. Bach

allegro - grave - fuga, largo e spiccato, finale allegro

BWV 597 E flat major unknown composer Gigue

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Michel Corrette (1709-1793)The French organist-composer Michel Corrette wrote six concertos.• Concerto No. 1 in G major: allegro, aria I, aria II, allegro• Concerto No. 2 in A major: allegro, adagio, allegro• Concerto No. 3 in D major: adagio, aria, andante, adagio, allegro• Concerto No. 4 in C major: allegro, aria, allegro• Concerto No. 5 in F major: allegro, aria, allegro• Concerto No. 6 in D minor: allegro, andante, presto

Thomas Arne (1710-1778)The English composer Thomas Arne composed six concertos.• Concerto No. 1 in C major: largo ma con spirito, andante, allegro, minuetto• Concerto No. 2 in G major: allegro, lento, moderato, allegro, con spirito• Concerto No. 3 in A major: con spirito, con spirito, minuetto, moderato• Concerto No. 4 in B flat major: con spirito, minuetto, giga moderato• Concerto No. 5 in G minor: largo, allegro con spirito, adagio, vivace• Concerto No. 6 in B flat major: allegro, moderato, ad libitum, allegro, minuetto

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)The German composer C. P. E. Bach wrote examples, including the following.• Concerto for organ and orchestra No. 4 in B flat major: con spirito, minuetto, giga• Concerto for organ and orchestra No. 5 in G minor: largo, allegro con spirito, adagio, vivace• Concerto for organ and orchestra No. 6 in B flat major: allegro moderato, minuetto - variations• Concerto for organ, strings and basso continuo in G major: allegro di molto, largo, presto

Antonio Soler (1729-1783)The Spanish composer Antonio Soler wrote six concertos for two organs (without other instruments):• Concerto No. 1 in C major: andante, minué• Concerto No. 2 in A minor: andante-allegro, tempo di minué• Concerto No. 3 in G: andantino, minué• Concerto No. 4 in F: afectuoso, andante non largo, minué• Concerto No. 5 in A: cantabile, minué• Concerto No. 6 in D: allegro-andante-allegro-andante, minué

Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839-1901)• Organ Concerto No. 1 in F Major [4]• Organ Concerto No. 2 in G Minor [5]

Alexandre Guilmant (1837-1911)Félix-Alexandre Guilmant Alexandre Guilmant, [6] wrote one of his organ sonatas (1874) in two versions [7], one asa symphony for organ and orchestra:• Sonata No. 1 in D Minor / Symphonie No. 1 in D Minor for Organ and Orchestra: Introduction et Allegro /

Pastorale (Andante quasi allegretto) / Final (Allegro assai)

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20th and 21st centuries• Marcel Dupré (1886–1971): Concerto in E minor Op. 31 (1931)• Hans Gál (1890–1987): Concertino for Organ and String Orchestra Op. 55 (1954)• Paul Hindemith (1895–1963):

• Kammermusik No. 7, concerto for organ and wind band, Op. 46 No. 2 (1927)• Concerto for organ and orchestra (1963)

• Francis Poulenc (1899–1963): Concerto for organ in G minor (1938)• Flor Peeters (1903-1986): Concerto for Organ and Orchestra, op.52• Normand Lockwood (1906–2002): Concerto for Organ and Brasses• Jean Langlais (1907–1991):

• Concerto No. 1 for organ or harpsichord and orchestra (1949)• Concerto No. 2 for organ and string orchestra (1961)• Concerto No. 3 Réaction for organ, string orchestra and timpani (1971)

• Samuel Barber (1910–1981):• Toccata Festiva, for organ and orchestra Op. 36

• Charles Chaynes (b. 1925): Concerto for organ, strings, timpani and percussion after the Spiritual Canticle of St.John of the Cross (1973)

• Jean Guillou (b. 1930):• Invention for organ and orchestra (concerto No. 1) Op. 7• Concerto Héroïque for organ and orchestra (concerto No. 2) Op. 10• Concerto No. 3, for organ and string orchestra Op. 14• Concerto No. 4, for organ and orchestra Op. 31• Concerto No. 5, Roi Arthur for organ and string quintet Op. 35• Concerto 2000 for organ and orchestra Op. 62• Concerto No. 6 for organ and orchestra (triple woodwind, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 2 trombones, tuba, percussion,

strings) Op. 68• Concerto No. 7 for organ and orchestra Op. 70

• Thierry Escaich (b. 1965):• Concerto for organ and orchestra (Concerto No. 1, 1995)• Concerto for organ, string orchestra percussions (Concerto No. 2, 2006)

• Daniel E Gawthrop (b. 1949): Concerto for Organ and Orchestra (premiere 2004)• Stephen Paulus (b. 1949):

• Concerto for Organ, Chorus and Orchestra• Concerto for Organ, Strings and Percussion (1992)• Grand Concerto for Organ and Orchestra (2004)• Double Concerto for Piano and Organ with Strings and Percussion (c. 2010)

• Eugenio Maria Fagiani (b. 1972):• Concerto for Organ and string orchestra Op. 98 (2009)

• Frederik Magle (1977):• Concerto for organ and orchestra "The Infinite Second" (1994)

Organ concerto 66

References• Concerto pour orgue See the French Wikipedia page for a more complete list.

References[1] http:/ / www. classical. net/ music/ comp. lst/ works/ bachjs/ cantatas/ 146. php[2] http:/ / www. classical. net/ music/ comp. lst/ works/ bachjs/ cantatas/ 035. php[3] http:/ / www. bach-cantatas. com/ NVP/ Koopman-NV3. htm[4] http:/ / www. carus-verlag. com/ index. php3?BLink=KKWerk& WerkID=7490& Action=kkwerk[5] http:/ / www. carus-verlag. com/ index. php3?BLink=KKWerk& WerkID=7489& Action=kkwerk[6] http:/ / www. guilmant. nl/[7] http:/ / www. guilmant. nl/ opus_3544. html

Piano concerto

Performance of a piano concerto involves a piano on stage with theorchestra

A piano concerto is a concerto written for piano andorchestra. See also harpsichord concerto; some of theseworks are occasionally played on piano. Joseph Haydnand Thomas Arne wrote concertos for fortepiano orharpsichord, at the period of time when they were incommon usage (the late 18th century).

History

Classical and romantic

As the piano developed and became accepted,composers naturally started writing concerti for it. Thishappened in the late 18th century and so correspondedto the Classical music era. The most importantcomposer in the development of the form in these early stages was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's body ofmasterly piano concerti put his stamp firmly on the genre well into the Romantic era.

Mozart wrote many of his 27 piano concertos for himself to perform (he also wrote concerti for two and threepianos). With the development of the piano virtuoso many composer-pianists did likewise, notably Ludwig vanBeethoven, Carl Maria von Weber, Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Camille Saint-Saëns, Sergei Rachmaninoff andSergei Prokofiev, and also the somewhat lesser-known Johann Nepomuk Hummel and John Field. Many otherRomantic composers wrote pieces in the form, well known examples including the concerti by Robert Schumann,Edvard Grieg, Johannes Brahms, and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Edward Elgar made sketches for a piano concertobut never completed it.In the 19th century, Henry Litolff blurred the boundary between a piano concerto and symphony in his five worksentitled Concerto Symphonique, and Ferruccio Busoni added a male choir in the last movement of his hour-longconcerto. In a more general sense, the term "piano concerto" could extend to the numerous often programmaticconcerted works for piano and orchestra from the era – Beethoven's Choral Fantasy, Liszt's Totentanz and Ruins ofAthens Variations, and Richard Strauss's Burleske are only a few of the hundreds of such works.The few well-known piano concerti which dominate today's concert programs and discographies account for only aminority of the repertoire which proliferated on the European music scene during the 19th century.

Piano concerto 67

20th century and contemporaryThe piano concerto form survived through the 20th century into the 21st, with examples being written by ArnoldSchoenberg, Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Maurice Ravel, George Gershwin, Michael Tippett,Charles Wuorinen, York Bowen, Dmitri Shostakovich, Samuel Barber, Witold Lutosławski, Gian FrancescoMalipiero, Peter Mennin, György Ligeti, Elliott Carter, Selim Palmgren, and others. In parts of other 20th centurysymphonic works the piano is given occasional prominence like any other instrument of the orchestra, as in theSymphony in Three Movements by Igor Stravinsky, Samuel Barber's violin concerto, and the Symphony No.3 byMichael Tippett.

Works for piano left-hand and orchestra

The German Paul Wittgenstein, who lost his right arm during World War I, on resuming his musical career asked anumber of composers to write pieces for him which required the pianist to use his left hand only. The Czech OtakarHollmann, whose right arm was injured in the war, did likewise but to a lesser degree. The results of thesecommissions include concertante pieces for orchestra and piano left hand by Bortkiewicz, Britten, Hindemith,Janáček, Korngold, Martinů, Prokofiev, Ravel, Franz Schmidt, Richard Strauss, and others.

Works for two and more pianos and orchestraConcertos and concert works for two pianos have been written by Bach (two to four pianos, BWV 1060-65, actuallyharpsichord concertos, but often performed on pianos), Mozart (two, K 242 (originally for three pianos andorchestra) and K 365), Mendelssohn (two, 1823-4), Bruch (1912), Béla Bartók (1927/1932, a reworking of hisSonata for two pianos and percussion), Poulenc (1932), Arthur Benjamin (1938), Darius Milhaud (1941 and 1951),Bohuslav Martinů (1943), Ralph Vaughan Williams (c. 1946), Roy Harris (1946), Gian Francesco Malipiero (twoworks, both 1957), Walter Piston (1959), Luciano Berio (1973), and Harald Genzmer (1990). Apart from the Bachand Mozart examples, works for more than two pianos and orchestra are considerably rarer, but have been written byCarl Czerny (Quatuor Concerto for four pianos and orchestra, op. 230), Morton Gould (Inventions for four pianosand orchestra, 1954), Peter Racine Fricker (Concertante for three pianos, timpani, and strings, 1956), and WolfgangFortner (Triplum for three pianos and orchestra, 1966)[1]

Characteristics

FormA classical piano concerto is often in three movements.1. A quick opening movement in sonata form including a cadenza (which may be improvised by the soloist).2. A slow, free expressive movement3. A faster rondoExamples by Mozart and Beethoven follow this model, but there are many others which do not. Beethoven's fourthconcerto includes a last-movement cadenza, and many composers have introduced innovations – for example Liszt'ssingle-movement concerti.

Piano concerto 68

References[1] Maurice Hinson, Music for Piano and Orchestra, an annotated guide, Indiana University Press, 1993

External links• Hyperion's Romantic Piano Concerto Series (http:/ / www. hyperion-records. co. uk/ s. asp?s=S_1) (a commercial

website selling recordings on CD)• Rachmaninoff's Works for Piano and Orchestra (http:/ / classyclassical. blogspot. com/ 2005/ 09/

rachmaninoffs-works-for-piano-and. html) An analysis of Rachmaninoff's Works for Piano and Orchestraincluding the Piano Concertos and the Paganini Rhapsody.

• Classical and Romantic Piano Concertos (http:/ / piano-concertos. org/ ), an extensive list of Classical andRomantic piano concertos, and other music for piano and orchestra from the same period.

• Music for Piano and Orchestra: The Recorded Repertory (http:/ / www. siue. edu/ ~aho/ discography/Discography. pdf), An exhaustive list of recorded works for piano and orchestra.

Timpani concertoA timpani concerto is piece of music written for timpani with orchestral accompaniment. It is usually in three partsor movements.The first timpani concertos were written in the Baroque and Classical periods of music. Important concertos fromthese eras include Johann Fischer's Symphony for Eight Timpani and Georg Druschetzky's Concerto for SixTimpani. During the Romantic Period, the timpani concerto was largely ignored. The timpani concerto was revivedin the 20th century and the timpani concerto repertoire increased significantly. Important works of the Modern eraare William Kraft's Concerto for Timpani and Orchestra, Ney Rosauro's Concerto for Timpani and Orchestra, andPhilip Glass's Fantasy Concerto for Two Timpanists and Orchestra.

Triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano 69

Triple concertos for violin, cello, and pianoA triple concerto is a concerto for piano trio (consisting of violin, cello and piano) and orchestra.Below is a list of concertos for piano trio and orchestra. Please see the related entries for violin concerto, celloconcerto, piano concerto and double concerto for violin and cello. Ordered alphabetically by composer surname.

A• Fikret Amirov

• To the Memory of Ghadsibekov, poem for violin, cello, piano and orchestra (1949)• Lera Auerbach

• Serenade for a Melancholic Sea for violin, cello, piano and string orchestra op. 68 (2002) (Dedicated to GidonKremer)

B• Henk Badings

• Concertino (1942)• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Concerto for Violin, Cello, and Piano in C major, Op. 56, more commonly known as the Beethoven TripleConcerto (1804)

• Wilhelm Georg Berger (1929–1993)• Concerto for Violin, Cello Piano and Orchestra, Op. 64 (1984)

C• Alfredo Casella

• Triple Concerto op.56 (1933) [1]

• Paul Constantinescu• Triplu concert (1963)

F• Lorenzo Ferrero

• Concerto for violin, violoncello, piano and orchestra, (1995)• Benjamin Frankel

• Serenata Concertante for piano trio and orchestra, one movement (in parts,) op. 37, (1960)

Triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano 70

G• Giorgio Federico Ghedini

• Concerto dell´Albatro (The albatross concerto) for violin, cello, piano, and orchestra (with narrator) (1945)

H• Daron Hagen

• Orpheus and Eurydice for violin, cello, piano and orchestra (2006)• Bernard Heiden

• Triple concerto (1957) [2]

• Alun Hoddinott• Triple concerto op. 124 (1986) [3]

• Vagn Holmboe• Concerto for violin, cello and chamber orchestra (once called Chamber concerto no. 4) M.139 (1942) [4]

J• Paul Juon

• Concerto (Episodes concertantes) for violin, violoncello, and piano with orchestra [d minor] op.45 (1911)

M• Gian Francesco Malipiero

• Concerto a tre (1938)• Bohuslav Martinů

• Concertino H.232 with string orchestra (1933) [5]

• Concert H.231 (1933)• Emánuel Moór

• Triple Concerto op.70 [6]

R• Marga Richter

• Variations and Interludes on Themes from Monteverdi and Bach for violin, cello, piano and orchestra (1992)

T• Alexander Tcherepnin

• Triple Concerto op.47 (1931)• Triple Concerto op.47-bis (1967)

Triple concertos for violin, cello, and piano 71

V• Kevin Volans

• Trio Concerto (2005)• Jan Václav Voříšek

• Grand Rondeau concertant op.25 (1825)

W• Wolfram Wagner

• Concerto for Violin, Cello, Piano and orchestra (1997)• Robert Ward

• Dialogues (1986, also arranged for piano trio) [7]

• Stanley Weiner• Triple concerto, opus 71 [8]

Z• Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

• Triple concerto for violin, cello and piano and Orchestra (1995, premiered 1996) [9]

References[1] Woolf, Jonathan (October 2006). "Review of a Recording of Casella's Violin and Triple Concertos" (http:/ / www. musicweb-international.

com/ classrev/ 2006/ Oct06/ casella_71099. htm). MusicWeb. .[2] "Publisher catalog reference for Bernard Heiden's concerto" (http:/ / www. schirmer. com/ default. aspx?TabId=2420& State_2874=2&

workId_2874=28880). Schirmer. . Retrieved 2007-11-10.[3] Lewis, Geraint (August 1989). "Hoddinott and the Symphony". The Musical Times (The Musical Times Publications Ltd.) 130 (1758): 459.

ISSN 0027-4666. JSTOR 1193599.[4] Rapoport, Paul (1996). The compositions of Vagn Holmboe : a catalog of works and recordings with indexes of persons and titles.

Copenhagen: Wilhelm Hansen. p. 37. ISBN 87-598-0813-6.[5] Barnett, Rob (June 2003). "Review of 1997 Recording of Martinů Trio Concertino" (http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ classrev/

2003/ Jun03/ martinu_trios_centaur. htm). MusicWeb. . Retrieved 2007-11-03.[6] Baker, Theodore; Alfred Remy (1919). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 3rd Edition, Revised and Enlarged (http:/ / books.

google. com/ books?id=H2kNAAAAIAAJ& pg=PA621& lpg=PA621& dq=moor+ opus+ 70& source=web& ots=NLQtPXLorv&sig=GPiKUhTXgZq710P3Cfg5CFlb6tY). New York: G. Schirmer. p. 621. OCLC 752566. .

[7] Farrell, Peter (June 1988). "Music Reviews". Notes: 2nd Series (Music Library Association) 44 (4): 831–2. JSTOR 941061.[8] "U.S. Distributor Catalog Page for Stanley Weiner's Triple Concerto" (http:/ / www. schirmer. com/ default. aspx?TabId=2420&

State_2874=2& workId_2874=34371). Schirmer. . Retrieved 2007-11-10.[9] "Ellen Taaffe Zwilich page with Information on Triple concerto" (http:/ / www. presser. com/ Composers/ info.

cfm?Name=ELLENTAAFFEZWILICH). Theodore Presser Company. . Retrieved 2007-11-10.

External links• Anthology of 20th century violin concertos (http:/ / www. violinconcerto. de)• Triple concerto on the page of Daron Hagen (http:/ / www. daronhagen. com/ new/ works/ index. html)• Altenberg Piano Trio Repertoire Page (http:/ / www. altenbergtrio. at/ ?site=repOtherEnsembles&

repcat=tripelkonzerte)

Trumpet concerto 72

Trumpet concertoA trumpet concerto is a concerto for solo trumpet and instrumental ensemble, customarily the orchestra. Suchworks have been written from the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through thepresent day. Some major composers have contributed to the trumpet concerto repertoire, with the best known workbeing Joseph Haydn's Trumpet Concerto in E-flat.Traditionally a three-movement work, the modern-day trumpet concerto has occasionally been structured in four ormore movements. In some trumpet concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the trumpet isaccompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra.

Selected list of Trumpet ConcertosThe following concertos are presently found near the centre of the mainstream Western repertoire for the trumpet.

Baroque EraJohann Sebastian Bach• Brandenburg Concerto No. 2George Friedrich Handel• Trumpet Concerto in D minorAntonio Vivaldi• Concerto for 2 Trumpets in CGiuseppe Torelli• Trumpet Concerto in D G.9Valentin Rathgeber• Concerto for 2 Trumpets in E flat Op. 6 No. 15Jeremiah Clark• Suite in D (Orchestral Suite with Prominent Trumpet Solos)

Classical EraJoseph Haydn• Trumpet Concerto in E-Flat Major (keyed trumpet)Michael Haydn• Trumpet Concerto in C Major (natural trumpet)Johann Nepomuk Hummel• Trumpet Concerto in E Major (keyed trumpet)Leopold Mozart• Trumpet Concerto in D Major (natural trumpet)

Trumpet concerto 73

Romantic EraAmilcare Ponchielli• Concerto per tromba in FaOskar Böhme• Concerto in F Minor (originally in E minor)

Modern eraAlexander Arutunian• Trumpet Concerto in A-Flat MajorVagn Holmboe• Trumpet ConcertoDuke Ellington• Concerto for CootieWilliam P. Perry• Concerto for Trumpet and OrchestraR. Murray Schafer• The Falcon's Trumpet

Viola concertoThe viola concerto is a concerto contrasting a viola with another body of musical instruments, usually an orchestraor chamber music ensemble. Early examples of the viola concerto include, among others, Georg Philipp Telemann'sconcerto in G major, and several concertos by the Stamitz clan including Carl Stamitz. The first concertante work touse the viola without caution (though extreme virtuosity only later became identified as the desired characteristic ina concerto soloist) was the violin and viola Sinfonia Concertante of Mozart.The viola has not enjoyed wide popularity as a solo instrument and, like the cello, suffers from problems ofprojection against an orchestral ensemble. According to some, (such as Alfred Einstein, among others), the essenceof the concerto is not the display of virtuosity but conflict and resolution, and the viola is less suited than the piano,or even the violin, to balance itself against an orchestra that is not deliberately underused by the composer. One mustalso consider that in the past, viola players were often violinists retreated in ranks, and as such, viola soloists werefew until fairly recently. Composers like William Walton, Ralph Vaughan Williams and Paul Hindemith wereamong the first to begin composing solo viola works for newer and more capable players. These players in turnarranged works originally for other instruments, (an example being Lionel Tertis's arrangement of Edward Elgar'scello concerto).

Selected list of concertos and concertante works

Viola concerto 74

• Samuel Adler

• Viola Concerto (1999) ([1])

• Bohuslav Martinů

• Rhapsody-Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1952)

• Necil Kazım Akses

• Viola Concerto (1977)• Darius Milhaud

• Viola Concerto with orchestra of soloists, Op. 108 (1929; a revised version — aversion for larger orchestra was premiered by Monteux, conducting, PaulHindemith, viola in Amsterdam)

• Concertino d'été, Op. 311 (1951)• Viola Concerto No. 2, Op. 340 (1955; for William Primrose) ([2])• Air (from Sonata No. 1), Op. 242 (1944)

• Alessandro Appignani

• Viola Concerto (2008)

• Paul Müller-Zürich

• Viola Concerto in F minor, Op. 24 (1934)• Malcolm Arnold

• Viola Concerto with small orchestra, Op. 108(1971)

• Thea Musgrave

• Lamenting with Ariadne for Viola and Chamber Orchestra

• Johann Sebastian Bach

• Brandenburg Concerto No. 6 (Solo part for twoviolas)

• Gösta Nystroem

• Viola Concerto Hommage à la France (1940)

• Simon Bainbridge

• Viola Concerto (1976) ([3])

• Krzysztof Penderecki

• Viola Concerto (1983)

• Béla Bartók

• Viola Concerto (unfinished, compl. Tibor Serly)

• Allan Pettersson

• Viola Concerto (1979)• Arnold Bax

• Phantasy for Viola and Orchestra (1920)

• Walter Piston

• Viola Concerto (1957)• Jiří Antonín Benda

• Viola Concerto in F major (about 1775)• Quincy Porter

• Viola Concerto (1948) ([4])• Hector Berlioz

• Harold in Italy

• Alessandro Rolla

• Concertino in E-flat major for Viola and Orchestra (or String Quartet), BI.328/546

• Introduction and Divertimento in F major for Viola and Large Orchestra(incomplete), BI. 329

• Divertimento in F major for viola and orchestrad'archi, BI. 330• Rondo in G major for viola and string orchestra, 2 oboes and 2 horns, BI.331• Divertimento in G major for viola and orchestra, BI. 332• Adagio and Thema with Variations in G major for viola and orchestra, BI. 333• Concerto in C major for viola and orchestra, BI. 541• Concerto in D major for viola and orchestra, BI. 542• Concerto in D major for viola and orchestra, BI. 543• Concerto in E-flat major for viola and orchestra, BI. 544• Concerto in E-flat major for viola and orchestra, BI. 545• Concerto in E-flat major for viola and orchestra, BI. 547• Concerto in E major for viola and orchestra, BI. 548• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 549• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 550• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 551• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 552• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 553• Concerto in F major for viola and orchestra, BI. 554• Concerto in B-flat major for viola and orchestra, BI. 555

• Valentin Bibik

• Concerto No. 1 for Viola and Chamber Orchestra,Op. 53 (1984)

• Concerto No. 2 for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 104(1994)

• Antonio Rolla (1798–1837)

• Variazioni Brillanti in F major for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 13 (1822)

Viola concerto 75

• Boris Blacher

• Viola Concerto (1954)

• Julius Röntgen

• Triple concerto in B-flat major, for violin, viola, cello and strings (1922)• Triple concerto for violin, viola and cello (1930)• Introduction, Fugue, Intermezzo and Finale for violin, viola, cello

• Ernest Bloch

• Suite for Viola and Orchestra (1919)• Suite hébraïque

• Hilding Rosenberg

• Viola Concerto (three versions - 1942, 1964, both for viola and strings, 1945 forlarger orchestra) ([5])

• Max Bruch

• Romance for viola and orchestra, Op. 85• Concerto for Clarinet, Viola and Orchestra, Op. 88

• Miklós Rózsa

• Viola Concerto, Op. 37 (1979) ([6])

• Revol Bunin

• Viola Concerto, Op. 22 (1953)

• Edmund Rubbra

• Viola Concerto in A minor, Op. 75• Willy Burkhard

• Viola Concerto, Op. 93 (1953/54)

• Ahmet Adnan Saygun

• Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1977)• Diana Burrell

• Viola Concerto “...calling, leaping, crying,dancing...” (1994)

• Alfred Schnittke

• Viola Concerto (1985)

• Henri Casadesus

• Concerto in B minor in the style of GeorgeFrideric Handel

• Concerto in C minor in the style of JohannChristian Bach

• Joseph Schubert

• Viola Concerto in C major• Viola Concerto in E-flat major

• Rebecca Clarke

• Sonata for Viola and Orchestra (1919) ([7])-- thesonata for viola and piano orchestrated in 2004-5by Ruth Lomon

• Peter Sculthorpe

• Elegy for Viola and Strings (2006)

• Gyula Dávid

• Viola Concerto (1950)

• Tibor Serly

• Rhapsody for Viola and Orchestra• Edison Denisov

• Viola Concerto (1986)

• Anton Stamitz

• Concerto in B-flat major (recordings on Panton and on Koch Schwann CDs, andon a 1980 Supraphon LP. A score was published by Schött in Mainz and NewYork in 1972.)

• Concerto in F major for viola and strings (1779) (Score published by Schött in1970. Referred to as concerto no. 2.)

• Concerto in G major (published by Breitkopf und Härtel in 1971. Referred to asconcerto no. 3. See also the comment under Carl Stamitz.)

• Concerto in D major (published by Breitkopf und Härtel in 1973. At least one ofAnton Stamitz' concertos was published earlier by Sieber in Paris during the18th century.)

• Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf

• Viola Concerto in F major

• Carl Stamitz

• Concerto No. 1 in D major (1774)• Concerto No. 2 in B-flat/A major• Concerto No. 3 in A major

• Cornelis Dopper

• Nocturne for Viola and Orchestra (1937)

• Johann Stamitz

• Concertos (at least one, in G major, published by Litolff in 1962. May havebeen meant for viola d'amore.)

• Morton Feldman

• The Viola in My Life IV (1971)

• Georg Philipp Telemann

• Most famously, a Concerto in G major (catalogued as TWV 51:G9) played bymany students

Viola concerto 76

• Cecil Forsyth

• Viola Concerto in G minor (1903)• Johann Baptist Vanhal

• Viola Concerto in C major• Viola Concerto in F major (according to the Duke university Vanhal page [8]

both were originally for violoncello or bassoon)• Benjamin Frankel

• Viola Concerto, Op. 45 (1967)

• William Walton

• Viola Concerto in A minor (1928–29, revised in 1961. Premiered by PaulHindemith)

• Srul Irving Glick (1934–2002)

• Concerto for Viola and Strings

• John Williams

• Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (2009)• Evgeny Golubev

• Viola Concerto, Op. 57 (1962)

• Ralph Vaughan Williams

• Suite for Viola and Orchestra• Suite Flos Campi for Viola, Chorus and Orchestra (technically not a concerto)

• Morton Gould

• Viola Concerto (1945)

• Carl Friedrich Zelter

• Viola Concerto E-flat major

• John Harbison

• Viola Concerto (1988) ([9])

• Hans Henkemans

• Viola Concerto (1954, premiered 1956) ([10])• Paul Hindemith

• Kammermusik No. 5 for Viola and SmallOrchestra

• Konzertmusik for Viola with Chamber Orchestra• Der Schwanendreher• Trauermusik for Viola and Strings

• Franz Anton Hoffmeister

• Viola Concerto in B flat major• Viola Concerto in D major

• Alan Hovhaness

• Talin for Viola and Strings, Op. 93, No. 1(1951–52)

• Johann Nepomuk Hummel

• Fantasy for Viola and Orchestra, Op. 94

• Gordon Jacob

• Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1925)• Viola Concerto No. 2 (1979) ([11])

• Joseph Jongen

• Suite, Op. 48 (1915)• Giya Kancheli

• Viola Concerto Mourned by the Wind (1986)

• Nigel Keay

• Viola Concerto (2000) ([12])• Erland von Koch

• Viola Concerto, Op. 33 (1946 rev. 1966)

• Victor Legley

• Viola Concerto, Op. 78 (1971) ([13])

• Zdeněk Lukáš (born 1928) (Kabeláč student)

• Viola Concerto (1983) [14]• Jef Maes

• Viola Concerto (1943)

Viola concerto 77

External links• Viola website, hosting information about the viola. [15]

• Michael Haydn page with Many Classical and Early-Romantic Worklists [16]

• Viola Fan Club and Repertoire List [17]

• Viola in music [18] - The role of viola in music. Information, description of works, videos, free sheet music, MIDIfiles, RSS update.

References[1] http:/ / www. recordsinternational. com/ RICatalogFeb03. html[2] http:/ / www2. potsdam. edu/ CRANE/ martinka/ milhaud. htm[3] http:/ / www. ump. co. uk/ bainbridge. htm[4] http:/ / www. newmusicbox. org/ first-person/ nov99/ quincyporter. html[5] http:/ / web. telia. com/ ~u48022134/ worklist_1942-1943. html[6] http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ rosza/ rosza. htm[7] http:/ / www. rebeccaclarke. org/ june8. html[8] http:/ / library. duke. edu/ music/ vanhal/ wanhal7. html[9] http:/ / www. schirmer. com/ Default. aspx?TabId=2420& State_2874=2& workId_2874=24173[10] http:/ / www. klassiekemuziekgids. net/ componisten/ henkemans. htm[11] http:/ / www. musicweb-international. com/ Classpedia/ Jacob. htm[12] http:/ / www. nigelkeay. com/ violaconcerto. htm[13] http:/ / www. cebedem. be/ composers/ legley_vic/ en. html[14] http:/ / www. zdenek-lukas. cz/[15] http:/ / www. viola. com/[16] http:/ / www. haydn. dk/ index. php[17] http:/ / www. ne. jp/ asahi/ rumi/ viola/ vfc/ vfcmainpage. html#_HOME_[18] http:/ / www. viola-in-music. com

Violin concerto 78

Violin concerto

David Oistrakh playing a violin concerto

A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin(occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumentalensemble, customarily orchestra. Such works havebeen written since the Baroque period, when the soloconcerto form was first developed, up through thepresent day. Many major composers have contributedto the violin concerto repertoire, with the best knownworks including those by Bach, Barber, Bartók,Beethoven, Berg, Brahms, Bruch, Dvořák,Mendelssohn, Mozart, Paganini, Prokofiev,Saint-Saëns, Schoenberg, Shostakovich, Sibelius,Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi. Traditionally athree-movement work, the violin concerto has beenstructured in four movements by a number of 20thCentury composers, including Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, and Berg (in the latter, the first two and last twomovements are connected, with the only break coming between the second and third). In some violin concertos,especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the violin (or group of violins) is accompanied by a chamber ensemblerather than an orchestra—for instance, Vivaldi's L'estro Armonico, originally scored for four violins, two violas,cello, and continuo, and Allan Pettersson's first concerto, for violin and string quartet.

Selected list of violin concertosThe following concertos are presently found near the center of the mainstream Western repertoire. For a morecomprehensive list of violin concertos, see List of compositions for violin and orchestra.• John Adams

• Violin Concerto (1993)• The Dharma at Big Sur (2003)

• Johann Sebastian Bach• Violin Concerto in A minor, BWV 1041 (1717–1723)• Violin Concerto in E major, BWV 1042 (1717–1723)• Double Violin Concerto in D minor, BWV 1043 (1723)• Violin Concerto in D minor, BWV 1052 (a reconstruction of a lost work)• Violin Concerto for 3 violins in D major, BWV 1064 (a reconstruction of a lost work)• Violin Concerto in G minor, BWV 1056 (a reconstruction of a lost work)

• Samuel Barber• Violin Concerto, Op. 14 (1939)

• Béla Bartók• Violin Concerto No. 1 (1908)• Violin Concerto No. 2 (1938)

• Ludwig van Beethoven• Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61 (1806)

• Alban Berg

Violin concerto 79

• Violin Concerto "To the memory of an angel" (1935)• Johannes Brahms

• Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77 (1878)• Max Bruch

• Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 26 (1867)• Antonín Dvořák

• Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 53 (1879–1880)• Edward Elgar

• Violin Concerto in B minor, Op. 61 (1910)• Philip Glass

• Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987)• Violin Concerto No. 2 (2009)

• Alexander Glazunov• Violin Concerto in A minor, Op. 82 (1904)

• Sofia Gubaidulina• Offertorium, concerto for violin and orchestra (1980–86)• In tempus praesens, concerto for violin and orchestra (2007)

• Joseph Haydn• Violin Concerto No. 1 in C major (1760)• Violin Concerto No. 3 in A major• Violin Concerto No. 4 in G major

• Hans Werner Henze• Violin Concerto No. 1 (1947)• Violin Concerto No. 2 (1971)• Violin Concerto No. 3 (1996, rev. 2002)

• Aram Khachaturyan• Violin Concerto in D minor (1940)

• Édouard Lalo• Symphonie espagnole in D minor, Op. 21 (1875)

• György Ligeti• Violin Concerto (1990)

• Felix Mendelssohn• Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 (1844)

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart• Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-flat major, K. 207 (1773)• Violin Concerto No. 2 in D major, K. 211 (1775)• Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major, K. 216, Strassburg (1775)• Violin Concerto No. 4 in D major, K. 218 (1775)• Violin Concerto No. 5 in A major, K. 219, Turkish (1775), with alternative Adagio in E, K.261 (added 1776)

• Carl Nielsen• Violin Concerto (1911)

Violin concerto 80

• Niccolò Paganini• Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major, Op. 6, MS 21 (ca. 1811–17)• Violin Concerto No. 2 in B minor, Op. 7, MS 48, La Campanella (1826)• Violin Concerto No. 3 in E major, MS 50 (ca. 1826–30)• Violin Concerto No. 5 in A minor (1830)

• Walter Piston• Violin Concerto No. 1 (1939)• Violin Concerto No. 2 (1960)

• Sergei Prokofiev• Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major, Op. 19 (1917)• Violin Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 63 (1935)

• Camille Saint-Saëns• Violin Concerto No. 2 in C major, Op. 58 (1858)• Violin Concerto No. 3 in B minor, Op. 61 (1880)

• Arnold Schoenberg• Violin Concerto, Op. 36 (1936)

• Robert Schumann• Violin Concerto, WoO 23 (1853)

• Dmitri Shostakovich• Violin Concerto No. 1 in A minor, Op. 77 (1948, rev. 1955 as Op. 99)• Violin Concerto No. 2 in C-sharp minor, Op. 129 (1967)

• Jean Sibelius• Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 47 (1904)

• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky• Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 35 (1878)

• Joan Tower• Violin Concerto (1992)

• Antonio Vivaldi — many, particularly:• L'estro Armonico, Op. 3 (1711)—twelve concertos, No. 6 (A minor) frequently played by students• La stravaganza, Op. 4 (ca. 1714)• The Four Seasons (ca. 1725)—four concertos, the first four numbers of Il cimento dell'armonia e

dell'inventione, Op. 8• Charles Wuorinen

• Concerto for Amplified Violin and Orchestra (1972)• Rhapsody for Violin and Orchestra (1984)• Spin5 for Violin and 18 players (2006)

Violin concerto 81

Selected list of other works for violin and ensemble

• Béla Bartók

• Violin Rhapsody No. 1• Violin Rhapsody No. 2

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Romance No. 1 in G major, Op. 40(1798–1802)

• Romance No. 2 in F major, Op. 50(1798–1802)

• Max Bruch

• Romance in A minor, Op. 42 (1874)• Scottish Fantasy, Op. 46 (1880)• Adagio Appassionato in C-sharp minor, Op.

57 (1890)• Schwedische Tanze, Op. 63/2 (1892)• In memoriam, Op. 65 (1893)• Serenade in A minor, Op. 75 (1899–1900)• Konzertstück in F-sharp minor, Op. 84 (ca.

1911)• Édouard Lalo

• Symphonie espagnole, Op. 21 (1874)• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

• Concertone in C major, for two violins andorchestra, K. 190 (1774)

• Adagio in E major, K. 261 (1776)• Rondo in B-flat major, K. 261a (1776)• Rondo in C major, K. 373 (1781)

• Camille Saint-Saëns

• Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, Op. 28 (1863)• Havanaise, Op. 83 (1887)

• Pablo de Sarasate

• Zigeunerweisen, Op. 20 (1878)• Carmen Fantasy, Op. 25 (1883)• Navarra for two violins and orchestra, Op. 33 (1889)• Miramar-Zortzico, Op. 42 (1899)• Introduction and Tarantella, Op. 43 (1899)

• Franz Schubert

• Konzertstück in D major, D. 345 (1816)• Rondo in A major, D. 438 (1816)• Polonaise in B-flat major, D. 580 (1817)

• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

• Sérénade mélancolique• Souvenir d'un lieu cher (written for violin and piano in 1878; arranged for violin and

orchestra by Alexander Glazunov in 1896)• Valse-Scherzo

• Maurice Ravel• Tzigane

External links• Anthology of 20th century violin concertos [1]

82

Examples

Bassoon – Bassoon Concerto (Mozart)The Bassoon Concerto in B flat major, K. 191/186e, written in 1774 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is the moststandard piece in the entire bassoon repertory.[1] Nearly all professional bassoonists will perform the piece at somestage in their career, and it is probably the most commonly requested piece in orchestral auditions – it is usuallyrequested that the player perform the excerpts from concerto's first two movements in every audition.Although the autograph is lost, the exact date of the finishing is known: 4 June 1774[2] .Mozart wrote the bassoon concerto when he was 18 years old, and it was his first concerto for a wind instrument.[3]

Although it is believed that it was commissioned by an aristocratic amateur bassoon player Thaddäus Freiherr vonDürnitz, who owned seventy-four works by Mozart, this is a claim that is supported by little evidence.[4] Scholarsbelieve that Mozart wrote perhaps three bassoon concerti, but that only the first has survived.

InstrumentationThe concerto is scored for a solo bassoon and an orchestra consisting of 2 oboes, a bassoon, 2 horns in F and strings.

StructureThe piece itself is divided into three movements:• I. Allegro• II. Andante ma Adagio• III. Rondo: tempo di menuettoThe first movement is written in the common sonata form with an orchestral introduction. The second movement is aslow, lyrical movement that contains a theme which was later featured in the Countess's aria "Porgi, Amor" at thebeginning of the second act of Mozart's opera Le nozze di Figaro. The final movement is in rondo form and isprobably reminiscent of a dance of the time.

Notes[1] Eisen, Cliff: 'Concerto', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 6 August 2006),

<http://www.grovemusic.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu>[2] Sleeve note of the Supraphon CD (SU 3678-2 001) (http:/ / www. supraphon. cz/ cs/ katalog/ databaze-titulu/ detail-titulu/ ?idtitulu=2002735)[3] Mozart, W. A.; Giegling, Franz (foreword) (2003). Konzert in B für Fagott und Orchester. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. p. VII. ISMN

M-006-45809-7[4] Waterhouse, William: 'Bassoon', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 6 August 2006),

<http://www.grovemusic.com.turing.library.northwestern.edu>

Bassoon Bassoon Concerto (Mozart) 83

External links• Konzert in B für Fagott und Orchester KV 191 (186e): Score (http:/ / dme. mozarteum. at/ DME/ nma/ nma_cont.

php?vsep=137& gen=edition& l=1& p1=133) and critical report (http:/ / dme. mozarteum. at/ DME/ nma/nma_cont. php?vsep=138& l=1& p1=31) (German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe

• Bassoon Concerto: Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project.

Cello – Cello Concerto (Elgar)

Elgar and Beatrice Harrison making an early recording of the concerto (1920).Note the acoustic recording horns.

Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto in Eminor, Op. 85, his last notable work, is acornerstone of the solo cello repertoire.Elgar composed it in the aftermath of theFirst World War, by which time his musichad gone out of fashion with theconcert-going public. In contrast withElgar's earlier Violin Concerto, which islyrical and passionate, the Cello Concerto isfor the most part contemplative and elegiac.

The first performance was a débâclebecause Elgar and the performers had beendeprived of adequate rehearsal time. Thework did not achieve wide popularity untilthe 1960s, when a recording by Jacquelinedu Pré caught the public imagination andbecame a classical best-seller. Elgar made two recordings of the work with Beatrice Harrison as soloist. Since then,leading cellists from Pablo Casals onward have performed the work in concert and in the studio.

HistoryThe piece was composed during the summer of 1919 at Elgar's secluded cottage "Brinkwells" near Fittleworth,Sussex, where during previous years he had heard the sound of the artillery of World War I rumbling across theChannel at night from France. In 1918, Elgar underwent an operation in London to have an infected tonsil removed,a dangerous operation for a 61-year-old man. After regaining consciousness after sedation, he asked for pencil andpaper, and wrote down the melody that would become the first theme from the concerto. He and his wife soon retiredto the cottage in an attempt to recover from their health problems. In 1918, Elgar composed three chamber works,[1]

which his wife noted were already noticeably different from his previous compositions, and after their premieres inthe spring of 1919, he began realising his idea of a cello concerto.[2]

The concerto had a disastrous premiere, at the opening concert of the London Symphony Orchestra's 1919–20 season on 27 October 1919. Apart from the concerto, which the composer conducted, the rest of the programme was conducted by Albert Coates, who overran his rehearsal time at the expense of Elgar's. Lady Elgar wrote, "that brutal selfish ill-mannered bounder ... that brute Coates went on rehearsing."[3] The critic of The Observer, Ernest Newman, wrote, "There have been rumours about during the week of inadequate rehearsal. Whatever the explanation, the sad fact remains that never, in all probability, has so great an orchestra made so lamentable an exhibition of itself. ... The work itself is lovely stuff, very simple – that pregnant simplicity that has come upon Elgar's music in the last couple of years – but with a profound wisdom and beauty underlying its simplicity."[4] Elgar

Cello Cello Concerto (Elgar) 84

attached no blame to his soloist, Felix Salmond, who played for him again later.[5] Elgar said that if it had not beenfor Salmond's diligent work in preparing the piece, he would have withdrawn it from the concert entirely.[6]

In contrast with the First Symphony, which received a hundred performances worldwide in just over a year from itspremiere, the Cello Concerto did not have a second performance in London for more than a year.[7]

MusicThis work is scored for Solo Cello, 2 Flutes, 2 Oboes, 2 Clarinets in A, 2 Bassoons, 4 Horns in F, 2 Trumpets in C, 3Trombones, Tuba, Timpani, and strings.The work has four movements:1. Adagio — Moderato (approx. 8:00)2. Lento — Allegro molto (approx. 4:30)3. Adagio (approx. 4:50)4. Allegro — Moderato — Allegro, ma non troppo — Poco più lento — Adagio. (approx. 11:30)

Fragment of the manuscript of theopening of the second movement of

the concerto

The piece represented, for Elgar, the angst, despair, and disillusionment he feltafter the end of the War, and an introspective look at death and mortality. It wasa significant change in his style, as he wrote much of his previous works in anoble and jovial style, inspired by the English way of life and the pre-warrenaissance of European art.The first movement is in ternary form with introduction. It opens with a recitativein the solo cello, immediately followed by a short answer from the clarinets,bassoons and horn. An ad lib modified scale played by the solo cello follows.The viola section then presents a rendition of the main theme in Moderato, thenpasses it to the solo cello who repeats it. The string section plays the theme athird time and then the solo cello modifies it into a fortissimo restatement. Theorchestra reiterates, and the cello presents the theme a final time before movingdirectly into a lyrical E major middle section. This transitions into a similar

repetition of the first section. This section omits the fortissimo modified theme in the solo cello. The slower firstmovement moves directly into the second movement.

The second movement opens with a fast crescendo with pizzicate chords in the cello. Then, the solo cello plays whatwill be the main motive of the Allegro molto section. Pizzicato chords follow. A brief cadenza is played, andsixteenth-note motive and chords follow. Then a ritardando leads directly to a scherzo-like section which remainsuntil the end.The slow third movement starts and ends with a lyrical melody, and one theme runs through the entire movement.The end flows directly into the finale (again with no pause). The fourth movement begins with another fastcrescendo and ends at fortissimo. The solo cello follows with another recitative and cadenza. The movement's maintheme is noble and stately, but with undertones and with many key-changes. Near the end of the piece, the temposlows into a più lento section, in which a new set of themes appears. The tempo slows further, to the tempo of thethird movement, and the theme from that movement is restated. This tempo continues to slow until it becomesstagnant, and the orchestra holds a chord. Then, at the very end of the piece, the recitative of the first movement isplayed again. This flows into a reiteration of the main theme of the fourth movement, with tension building until thefinal three chords, which close the piece.

Cello Cello Concerto (Elgar) 85

RecordingsElgar and Beatrice Harrison made a truncated recording in 1920, using the acoustic recording process. The firstelectrical complete recording (using a single carbon microphone) was made in 1928, by Harrison, Elgar and theLondon Symphony Orchestra. A notable later recording was made by Jacqueline du Pré in 1965 with Sir JohnBarbirolli and the London Symphony Orchestra for EMI. During a break in the recording session, the 20-year-old duPré left the studio, returning to find a large audience of local musicians and critics who had heard that a star was inthe making. On hearing her recording, Mstislav Rostropovich is said to have removed the work from his ownrepertoire.[8] Du Pré's recording has been praised for its passion as well as a secure technique.[9] Barbirolli himselfhad an association with the concerto from its first days: he was a member of the cello section of the orchestra at its1919 premiere; and he was the soloist at one of its earliest performances, with the Bournemouth Municipal Orchestraunder Sir Dan Godfrey.[10]

The BBC Radio 3 feature "Building a Library" has presented comparative reviews of all available versions of theconcerto on three occasions. The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music, 2008, has three pages of reviews ofthe work. The only recording to receive the top recommendation of both the BBC and The Penguin Guide is du Pré's1965 recording with the LSO and Barbirolli. Other recordings commended by both the BBC and The Penguin Guideare by Beatrice Harrison (1928);[11] Steven Isserlis (1988);[12] Yo-Yo Ma (1985) and Truls Mørk (1999).[13] [14]

References[1] The Violin Sonata in E minor, Op. 82; the String Quartet in E minor, Op. 83; and the Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 84.[2] Steinberg, M. The Concerto: A Listener's Guide, Oxford (1998) pp. 185–89.[3] Lloyd-Webber, Julian, "How I fell in love with E E's darling", (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ culture/ music/ 3665153/

How-I-fell-in-love-with-E-Es-darling. html) The Daily Telegraph, 17 May 2007; and Anderson, Keith, Liner notes to Naxos CD 8.550503,Dvořák and Elgar Cello Concertos (1992), p. 4

[4] Newman, Ernest, "Music of the Week", The Observer, 2 November 1919[5] Reed, p. 131[6] Stevenson, Joseph. "Felix Salmond: Biography" (http:/ / www. allmusic. com/ artist/ q50431/ biography). Allmusic. . Retrieved 2007-06-23.[7] The Observer, 16 January 1921, p. 15[8] Lebrecht, pp. 208–09[9] See, e.g., March, p. 424[10] Some sources state that Barbirolli gave the second performance of the concerto, but the original soloist, Felix Salmond, gave the work its

second performance, with the Hallé in Manchester on 20 March 1920, and Beatrice Harrison also played the solo part before Barbirolli did:see Kennedy p. 40. Reviewing Barbirolli's 1921 performance, The Musical Times commented, "Signor Giovanni Barbirolli was not entirelyequal to the demands of the solo music, but his playing unquestionably gave a considerable amount of pleasure." See The Musical Times, 1March 1921, p. 195

[11] Beatrice Harrison (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio3/ building/ data2/ rev_218_602. shtml), Building a Library, BBC Radio 3, accessed 24October 2010

[12] Steven Isserlis (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio3/ building/ data2/ rev_218_603. shtml), Building a Library, BBC Radio 3, accessed 24October 2010

[13] Yo-Yo Ma (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio3/ building/ data2/ rev_1039_2492. shtml), Building a Library, BBC Radio 3, accessed 24October 2010

[14] March, pp. 424–26

Cello Cello Concerto (Elgar) 86

References• Kennedy, Michael. Barbirolli, Conductor Laureate: The Authorised Biography, MacGibbon and Key, London,

1971. ISBN 0-261-63336-8• Lebrecht, Norman (2007). The Life and Death of Classical Music, New York: Anchor Books. ISBN

978-1-4000-9658-9• March, Ivan (ed) (2007). The Penguin Guide to Recorded Classical Music 2008. London: Penguin Books. ISBN

978-0-141-03336-5• Reed, W.H. (1946). Elgar. London: Dent. OCLC 8858707.

External links• Guide to the Concerto from Elgar.org - includes a Musical Tour and a History (http:/ / www. elgar. org/ 3cellcon.

htm)• VIDEO: Elgar Cello Concerto third movement (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=Q6UmdmmUqZk)

performed by Julian Lloyd Webber (http:/ / www. julianlloydwebber. com/ ) and conducted by Yehudi Menuhin• Elgar Cello Concerto (http:/ / www. emiclassics. com/ grocreleasedetails. php?rid=20916#) performed by

Jacqueline du Pré with Sir John Barbirolli• Elgar Cello Concerto (http:/ / www. natalieclein. com) performed by Natalie Clein with Vernon Handley• Elgar Cello Concerto (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=7HeMHbjUHVo) performed by Jian Wang (cellist)• Cello Concerto: Free scores at the International Music Score Library Project.• Cello Concerto in E minor, Op. 85 (1919) (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio3/ classical/ elgar/ notes/

note_celloconc. shtml)• Discovering Music Elgar's Cello Concerto (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ radio3/ discoveringmusic/ pip/ 80tke/ )

Clarinet – Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)Mozart's Clarinet concerto in A major, K. 622 was written in 1791 for the clarinetist Anton Stadler. It consists ofthe usual three movements, in a fast–slow–fast form:1. Allegro2. Adagio3. Rondo: AllegroIt was also one of Mozart's final completed works, and his final purely instrumental work (he died in the Decemberfollowing its completion). The concerto is notable for its delicate interplay between soloist and orchestra, and for thelack of overly extroverted display on the part of the soloist (no cadenzas are written out in the solo part).

Original versionMozart originally wrote the work for basset clarinet, a special clarinet championed by Stadler that had a range down to low (written) C, instead of stopping at (written) E as standard clarinets do.[1] As most clarinets could not play the low notes which Mozart wrote to highlight this instrument, Mozart's publisher arranged a version of the concerto with the low notes transposed to regular range, and did not publish the original version. This has proven a problematic decision, as the autograph no longer exists, having been pawned by Stadler, and until the mid 20th century musicologists did not know that the only version of the concerto written by Mozart's hand had not been heard since Stadler's lifetime.[1] Once the problem was discovered, attempts were made to reconstruct the original version, and new basset clarinets have been built for the specific purpose of performing Mozart's concerto and clarinet quintet. There can no longer be any doubt that the concerto was composed for a clarinet with an extended