Concept note english 3

NOTRE DAME OF PIGCAWAYAN, INC.Pigcawayan, Cotabato

Subject: English 3Learning Target: Evaluating Reading SkillsActivity No. 1Activity Title: Study Habits Inventory

The Study habits Inventory will give you an opportunity to evaluate your reading skills and give your teacher the information needed to individualize your reading program.

Place check mark under the column that best answers each question.

Study habits Inventory

YES FREQ SOME NO1. Do you follow a daily schedule? 2. Do you have a regular place for work or study? 3. Do you have a long-term schedule of tests, projects, etc.? 4. Do you listen well in class and in school-related activities? 5. Do you have a note-taking system? 6. Do you use a dictionary to look up words you do not understand? 7. Do you use a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms? 8. Do you use a thesaurus? 9. Do you use words in speaking and in writing? 10 Do you use a. the book index? b. the table of contents? c. the glossary? 11. Do you outline your reading assignments? 12. Can you understand tables, charts, maps and graphs? 13. Do you use general references like the encyclopedia, atlas and almanacs? 14. Do you use the card catalog? 15. Do yoU read periodicals (newspapers and magazines)? 16. Do you organize your notes before you write out a report? 17. Do you proofread your written drafts for errors in spelling, punctuation, grammar and vocabulary? 18. Do you follow a prescribed format when writing out a report? 19. Are you aware of problems in a. word recognition? b. comprehension? c. vocabulary? d. study skills e. reading rate? f. concentration? 20. Do you do anything to help solve your reading problems?

Activity 1Make a week’s schedule of what to do. Include in your plan the ff.

School wok (your assigned subjects in school) Time to study or prepare your lessons Personal commitments Spiritual needs Leisure


Subject: English 3Learning Target: Determining and Gaining Speed in ReadingActivity No. 2Activity Title: Gaining Speed in Reading

Gaining Speed in Reading

Students nowadays live busy lives, especially with responsibilities other than school works. Thus, parts of study skills are speed-reading techniques that enable them to cope with the reading to be done in the classroom and those out of the classroom.

Study reading is purposeful and flexible reading. This means that speed in reading depends on the situation, the reason for reading, and the type of reading material.

A. Speed read when-1. the selection is simple and contains only a few main ideas details.2. the examples and illustration are not essential to understanding what one reads.3. detailed explanation and elaboration are unnecessary.4. the ideas expressed are restatements of previous concepts.5. there is only one or two ideas of facts to gather from what one reads.

B. Read carefully and slowly when-1. there are unfamiliar words2. the sentence or paragraphs structure is complex3. the goal to be reached is the retention of main ideas and details4. the concepts are new.5. graphic aids are used and there is much shifting from the printed word to the

illustrations and other graphic aids.;6. the ideas have to be analyzed, evaluated, or judged.7. the author’s expressions and passages invite you to read slowly so you can enjoy

them.

Exercise A. Do you know what speed to use when reading? Read each statement or situations carefully.Decide when you should read fast or slow.

1. You want to get the general idea of the material assigned to you.2. You are assigned to give an oral report on a chapter. The teacher expects you to give an

evaluation of the information given.3. The exercise is on identifying words that do not belong to the list. The winner gets an extra point

for his or her team.4. The teacher is giving a test. She says, “Okay, I’ll give you three minutes to look at your notes

before our test begins.”5. The class is assigned to read selections that describe two Philippine heroes. Your group is

assigned to work on Dr. Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini. Your teacher tells you to compare and contrast the two. Then you make a choice of who you would choose to lead a revolutionary group.

NOTRE DAME OF PIGCAWAYAN, INC.

Pigcawayan, Cotabato

Subject: English 3Learning Target: Identifying the Types of NounsActivity No. 3Activity Title: Types of Nouns

Concrete and Abstract Nouns. Nouns are sometimes grouped according to the characteristics of the things they name. A concrete noun names something that you can physically see, touch, taste hear or smell. An abstract noun names something that is nonphysical that you cannot readily perceive through any of your five senses.

Concrete Nouns

Abstract Nouns

garlic careerbook immortality

Exercise 1RECOGNIZING NOUNS

The following paragraph is taken from Ernest Hemingway's short story "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber." . List all the nouns you can find.

Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and the porters. The gun- bearers had taken no part in the demonstration. When the native boys put him down at the door of his tent, he had shaken all their hands, received their congratulations, and then gone into the tent and sat on the bed until his wife came in. She did not speak to him when she came in and he left the tent at once to wash his face and hands in the portable wash basin outside and go over to the dining tent to sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze and the shade.


Singular and Plural Nouns Nouns can indicate numberSingular nouns name one person, place or thing. Plural nouns name more than one.

Singular NounsRegular Irregularvalley mousesky oxlash nucleus

Plural Nounsvalleys miceskies oxenlashes nuclei

Compound NounsA noun that is composed of two or more words acting as a single unit.

Three Forms

1. Hyphenatedcrab grass, player piano, snake dance

2. Separatedjack-in-the-box, light-year, sister-in-law

3. Combineddragonfly, eardrum, starfish

Common and Proper Nouns. All nouns can be categorized as either common or proper. A common noun names any one of a class of people, places or things. A proper noun names a specific person, place or thing.

Common Nouns Proper Nounsplaywright Bernard Shaw, Lillian Hellmanisland Maui, Sicilybuilding World Trade Towers, Taj Mahal

Subject: English 3Learning Target: Identifying Pronouns, its Kinds and AntecedentsActivity No. 4Activity Title: Personal Pronouns

Pronouns are words that stand for nouns or for words that take place of nouns.

ExamplesSwimming the Hellespont is a difficult feat. It was accomplished by Lord Byron when he was in his early thirties.

Jan and Ken went to the dance. They thought it was the best so far this year.

The words that the arrows point to in the examples are called antecedents.

Personal Pronouns are used to refer to (1) the person speaking, (2) the person spoken to, or (3) the person, place, or thing spoken about.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS Singular PluralFirst Person I, me we, us my, mine our, oursSecond Person you you your, yours your, yoursThird Person he, she, it they, them him, her their, theirs his,her,hers its

Exercise A. Identify the pronoun and label whether Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns.

1. The mayor himself spoke to the crowd.2. The girls gave themselves enough time to finish the project.3. Help yourself to a snack.4. The cat gave itself a bath.5. The actress herself wrote the script.

Exercise B: Circle the correct pronouns in the parentheses in the following sentences.

First Person- person speakingWe practiced a rousing march for the parade.Second Person-person spoken toYou must submit your application soon.Third Person-person, place, or thing spoken about

The blue-birds built their nest in the hedge.

1. Mrs. Johnson took (his, her, hers) children with (her, herself, them) when (her, she, they) went to the mall.

2. (Their, Them, They) behaved well for the first hour, but then the boredom began to affect (them, themselves, they).

3. Rodney took off (his, her, their) own hat and left it with (those, these, them) he saw on a store rack.

4. (His, Him, Her) sister, Julia, decided to go shopping (himself, herself, herselves) and wandered away.

5. (Nobody, Some, Someone) called to (her, herself, hers), "Are (we, you, your) lost, little girl?"

6. Julia pretended that (her, she, he) heard (anybody, nobody, none) and kept walking away.

7. Soon, Mrs. Johnson realized that Rodney had no hat and (they, she, we) had no daughter.

8. Without worrying what (nobody, everybody, several) would think, (she, herself, they) called out loudly, "Julia! (Your, You, Yours) get (yourself, yourselves, you self) back here right now!."

Examination: Write the correct pronouns in the blank spaces in the following sentences.

1. __________ wish ____________ could go to the movies together without _________ little brother.

2. The taxi driver told _________ passenger that _____________ might be late getting to the airport because ________ was the middle of rush hour.

3. Jerry said that __________ hit ______________ with a hammer the last time ____________ tried to hang a picture.

4. Would ____________ believe that ______________ in the office likes the boss?

5. "___________ is the color _____________ want for the walls," Ms. Murphy told _________ decorator.

6. ________________ leaves the garage door open should be more careful.

7. " Are ____________ sure that ____________ told ________________ about the surprise party?" Betty asked.

8. "__________ am sure that the job was done right," Herman stated, "because the owner did it _________________."

9. Mary said _____________ was not going to take the blame for __________________ else's mistakes.

10. "______________ of these sofas do ___________ prefer?" the salesman asked ____________ customer.


Subject: English 3Learning Target: Identifying Pronouns, its Kinds and AntecedentsActivity No. 5Activity Title: Indefinite Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns are used to refer to persons, places or things, often without specifying which ones.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNSSingular Plural Singular

or Plural

another everyone nothing both all anybody everything one few anyanyone little other many more anything much somebody others mosteach neither someone several none either nobody something someeverybody no one such

Exercise 1. Choose the best response to each question.

1. __________ of the boys offered their help to the little old lady who was crossing the

street.__________ of th

a. Another b. Each c. All d. One 2. My sister is the __________ wearing the red shirt.

a. one b. few c. most d. several3. Which of the following indefinite pronouns can be either singular or plural?

a. either b. another c. both d. any4. Which of the following possessive pronouns could be used to refer to the indefinite pronoun "somebody?"

a. our b. his c. its d. their5. Which of the following indefinite pronouns is singular?

a. few b. none c. nothing d. many6. Which verb would correctly follow the indefinite pronoun "nobody" in a sentence?

a. walk b. is c. are d. participate7. In which sentence is the indefinite pronoun "little" used correctly?

a. Little spices belong in the soupb. Because there has been little to do lately, I have been boredc. Since there are little cars left to wash, I will finish themd. I only want a little piece of spinach

8. In which sentence is the indefinite pronoun "others" used correctly?a. This one is nice; the others isn'tb. The others walk around the building while I stay watch outsidec. The others parked their cars in the new lot.d. Others know when his time has come to retire.

9. Which verb agrees with the indefinite pronoun "many?"a. walks b. are c. is d. participates

10. Why is it that indefinite pronouns called "indefinite?"a. They do not have one definition.b. They refer to nouns that are not defined in the sentence.c. They are impossible to see because they are invisibled. The sentence would mean the same thing if you took out the indefinite pronouns


Subject: English 3Learning Target: Determining Action from Linking Verbs

NO SPECIFIC ANTECEDENTNobody was required to clean up, but many offered to assist.

SPECIFIC ANTECEDENTI bought new book covers, but none was the right for his huge volume.

Activity No. 6Activity Title: Action and Linking Verbs

Action Verb tells what action someone or something is performing.Examples: The dancer will attempt a daring leap.

The kettle whistled incessantly.

NoteDancer is the subject of will attempt a daring leap. Kettle is the subject of whistled. Action verbs can also tell what mental actions are being performed.

Mental Action: I considered my decision carefully.She remembered none of the answers.

Linking Verb connects its subject with a word generally found near the end of the sentence.Examples

Richard Howard is a poet.

Jennifer was a senior

An oral recommendation should be sufficient

I am being unkind

The verb be is the most common linking verb.

THE FORMS OF BEam am being can be have beenis are being could be has beenare is being may be had beenwas was being might be could have beenwere were being must be may have been shall be might have been should be shall have been will be should have been would be will have been would have been

Note

Most of these verbs can also serve as action verbs. To determine the function of such verb, insert am, are, or is in its place. If the resulting sentence makes sense while linking two words, then the verb is serving as a linking verb.

Linking Verb: The man looks busy. (The man is busy.)Action Verb: The man looked for a taxi.

Exercise A. Label whether Action or Linking Verbs.

1. John carried the flag in the parade. 2. After the parade, John felt exhausted.

OTHER LINKING VERBSappear look soundbecome remain stayfeel seem tastegrow smell turn

Examples

After lunch she became sleepy.

The bride looked radiant.

3. He also felt proud. 4. I can smell delightful aromas from the kitchen. 5. The freshly baked bread smells especially appealing. 6. The test questions seemed simple as a result of my studying. 7. The city official sounded the tornado alarm at 11 p.m. 8. Cathy and Carol are the only two here. 9. Ryan heard music coming from the downstairs bedroom. 10. Her poem sounded exactly right for the occasion. 11. Frank looked through all the documents. 12. The music on the piano looked difficult to play. 13. Chicken seems to be the favored meat. 14. Did you hear that sound? 15. Don't touch those cookies! 16. My boss felt angry about our suggestion. 17. Jack appeared before the committee on Tuesday. 18. Susan tasted the hot stew carefully. 19. Mom felt my forehead with her cool hand. 20. The massage felt great on my tight muscles. 21. Put the cover on the pot. 22. She seemed well prepared for the quiz. 23. Paul Revere sounded the alarm throughout the country. 24. His voice sounded awfully loud in the quiet room. 25. Aunt June was not traveling until August. 26. Have you visited our school before? 27. I have been a teacher and a student. 28. The car should have been red, in my opinion. 29. I might have challenged Bill to a race if my foot wasn’t sore. 30. Has the speaker arrived yet?


Subject: English 3Learning Target: Determining Transitive from Intransitive VerbsActivity No. 7Activity Title: Transitive from Intransitive Verbs

Transitive Verb directs action toward someone or something named in the same sentence.Intransitive Verb does not direct action toward someone or something named in the sentence

The word which a transitive verb directs its action called object of the verb. Intransitive verbs never have objects. You can determine whether a verb has a n object and thus transitive by asking Whom? or What? after the verb.

Transitive: He wrote a novel. (Wrote what? Answer: novel)

The doctor examined the patient. (Examined whom? Answer: patient)

Intransitive: The birds flew south. (Flew what? Answer: none)

She sings for the Metropolitan Opera. (Sings what? Answer: none)

Exercise 1. Identifying Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Example: We arrived in time for dinner.arrived (intransitive)

1. The statistics come in any form you like.

2. Politicians and the public are complaining loudly.

3. His blood pressure kept climbing steadily.

4. She worked with care and precision.

5. Prosecutors charge people.

6. The knife's sharp edge cut the chef.

7. Law enforcement had previously convicted the man.

8. Prosecutors charged him under a habitual offender statute.

9. Authorities are incarcerating repeat offenders.

10. If Charlie had run into the street, he could have been injured.

11. The turtle may live in a small area of Arizona.

12. In 1973, the incarceration number inched upward.

13. Jordan drove into the lane.

14. The judge sentences the man to five years in prison.

15. The attorney has revealed the bad news


Subject: English 3Learning Target: Pointing Adjectives and its OrdersActivity No. 8Activity Title: Adjectives

obj

obj

Adjective is a word used to describe a noun or pronoun or to give it a more specific meaning.Examples: Green fields (What kind of fields?)

The left window (Which window?)Six lobsters (How many lobsters?)Extensive rainfall (How much rainfall?)

When an adjective modifies a noun, it usually precedes the noun. Occasionally, though, the adjective may follow the noun.

Examples: The banjo teacher was tactful about my talent.I considered the teacher tactful.

ArticlesThree common adjectives-a, an,and the. A and an are called indefinite articles because they

refer to any one one of a class of nouns. The refers a specific noun and, therefore, is called the definite article.

Indefinite: A dictatoran outrage

Definite: the tarantula

Nouns Used as Adjectives

NOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVESpencil pencil sharpener mail mail clerk

Proper Adjectives

PROPER NOUNS PROPER ADJECTIVESMonday Monday morningSan Francisco San Francisco streetsChaucer Chaucerian scholarDenmark Danish porcelain

Compound Adjectives

Hyphenated: ready-made clothes, mail-order catalogsCombined: crossword puzzle, warmhearted invitationSeparated: West German embassy

Verbs Used as Adjectives. Verbs used as adjectives usually end in –ing or –ed are called participles.

VERBS USED AS ADJECTIVESI picked up the crying baby. They were enlightened parents.

Regular Function As an AdjectiveNoun The deck of the boat tilted. I sat in the deck chair.Pronoun This was an idyllic life. This life was idyllic.Verb I waxed the table. The waxed table shone.

TYPICAL ORDER OF ADJECTIVESArticle or pronoun used a or youras an an adjective Size largeAge oldColor greenParticiple hand-blownProper Adjective French

PRONOUNS USED AS ADJECTIVESPossessive Adjectives

my, your, his, her, its, The committee gave its report.our, their

Demonstrative Adjectivesthis, that,these, those This pen and these books are Al's.

Interrogative Adjectiveswhich, what,whose Which orchard do you own?

Indefinite AdjectivesSingular nouns Each cruiser flew a flaganother, each, either, little, much, neither, one

Plural nounsSeveral choirs competed for top honors.

both,few,many,several Singular or Plural We appreciate any donationsall,any,more,most,other some

Noun Used as an Adj. wineNoun bottle

Exercise 1: Recognizing Adjectives

The following paragraph is taken from D.H. Lawrence's short story "The Horse Dealer's Daughter." List all the adjectives you can find.

And he hastened straight down, running over the wet, saddened fields, pushing through the hedges, down into the depression of callous, wintry obscurity. It took him several minutes to come to the pond. He stood on the bank, breathing heavily. He could see nothing. His eyes seemed to penetrate the dead water. Yes, perhaps that was the dark shadow of her black clothing beneath the surface of the water. He slowly ventured into the pond. The bottom was deep, soft clay, then he sank in, and the water clasped . . . his legs. As he stirred he could smell the cold, rotten clay that fouled up into the water. It was objectionable in his lungs. Still, repelled and yet not heeding, he moved deeper into the pond. The cold water rose over his thighs, over his loins, upon his abdomen. The lower part of his body was all sunk in the hideous cold element. And the bottom was so deeply soft and uncertain, he was afraid of pitching with his mouth underneath. He could not swim, and was afraid .

Exercise 2: Choose the correct order of Adjectives.

Q1 - I bought a pair of _____ shoes.

black leather

leather black

Q2 - It was a ____ car.

red fast

fast red

Q3 - It's a ____ building.

big round

round big

Q4 - I bought ____ knife.

a Swiss army

an army Swiss

Q5 - It's ____ film.

a beautiful old

an old beautiful

Q6 - He's ____ man.

an unfriendly rich

a rich unfriendly

Q7 - It's ____ phone.

a mobile expensive

an expensive mobile

Q8 - It's ____ village.

an old lovely

a lovely old

Q9 - The ____ visitors were Japanese.

two last

last two

Q10 - He's got ____ eyes.

blue big

big blue

Q11 - It's a ____ house.

nice new

new nice

Q12 - It's ____ airline.

a popular American

an American popular

Q13 - It's ____ company

a family old

an old family

Q14 - It's a ____ restaurant.

cheap good

good cheap


Subject: English Learning Target: Identifying the Uses of AdverbsActivity No. 9Activity Title: Adverbs

Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Adverbs Modifying VerbsWhere? When?Inflation zoomed upward.

She never cleaned the room.

The jurors remained there.

Later, we toured the museum

In what manner? To what extent?He officially announced it.

His temper was still boiling.

She was graciously helping. he always did it right.


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying Prepositions Activity No. 9Activity Title: Prepositions

Adverbs Modifying Adverbs Modifying

Adjectives AdverbsTo what extent? To what extent?The solution was quite logical.

He worked very competently

It was extremely sour lemon.

I am not completely finished.

Nouns Used as Adverbs

Nouns As AdverbsEvenings are restful times

I work evenings. (Work when?)

My home is miles from here.

Let's head home.(Head where?)

Preposition relates the noun or pronoun that appears with it to another word in the sentence.

Prepositions

aboard aside from by means of in spite of out of untoabout as of concerning instead of outside upabove at considering into over uponaccording to atop despite in view of owing to withacross from barring down like past withinacross from because of during near prior to withoutafter before except nearby regarding against behind for next to round alongside below from of since along with beneath in off throughout amid beside in addition to on till along besides in back of on account to ahead of between in front of onto together with among beyond in place of on top of toward apart from but in regard to opposite under around by inside out underneath

Location: The brush fire burned atop the hill.Direction: The brush fire burned toward our campsite.Time: The fire burned for three days.Cause: The fire started because of carelessness.Possession: Smoke from the fire could be seen for miles.

1 He made his escape by jumping ______ a window and jumping ______ a waiting car.over / into

between / into

out of / between

out of / into

up to / out of

2 To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end.over / into

between / into

out of / between

out of / into

up / along

3 I saw something about it ______ television.in

on

at

through

with

4 I couldn't get in ______ the door so I had to climb ______ a window.through / in

between / into

out of / between

out of / into

up / along

5 She took the key ______ her pocket and put it ________ the lock.over / into

between / into

out of / in

by / on

up to / out of

6 He drove ______ me without stopping and drove off ______ the centre of town.from / into

towards / over

along / up

past / towards

in / next to

7 I took the old card ______ the computer and put ______ the new one.through / in

out of / in

out of / between

out of / into

up / along

8 I went ______ him and asked him the best way to get ______ town.from / into

towards / over

along / up

by / on

up to / out of

9 It's unlucky to walk ______ a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ them.through / in

out of / in

under / around

out of / into

up / along

10 The restaurant is ______ the High Street, ______ the cinema.through / in

out of / in

under / around

in / next to

up / along

11 Sally left school ______ the age of 16 and went to work ______ a bank.through / in

out of / in

under / around

in / next to

at / in

12 He jumped ______ the wall and ______ the garden.over / into

towards / over

along / up

by / on

up to / out of

13 He was driving ______ 180 miles per hour when he crashed ______ the central barrier.at / into

out of / in

under / around

in / next to

at / in

14 She ran ______ the corridor and ______ the stairs to the second floor.from / into

towards / over

along / up

by / on

in / next to

15 John is the person standing ______ the window, ______ the woman with the long blonde hair.at / into

beside / next to

under / around

in / next to

at / in

16 When the bull ran ______ me, I jumped ______ the fence.from / into

towards / over

beside / next to

by / on

in / next to

17 Look, that car's ______ fire.through

with

in

into

on

18 He saw a parking space ______ two cars and drove ______ it.over / into

between / into

along / up

by / on

up to / out of

19 Harry comes to work ______ car but I prefer to come ______ foot.at / into

beside / next to

by / on

in / next to

at / in

20 He took the book ______ the shelf and put it ______ his bag.from / into

at / into

beside / next to

by / on

in / next to

Prepositional phrases is a group of words that includes preposition and a noun or pronoun. The noun or pronoun with as preposition is called the object of the preposition.

Examples:

I walked slightly ahead of her.

The shampoo bottle on the shelf was almost empty.

We were adopted by a lovable, brown-eyed puppy.

Our new house is located near stores and schools.

Exercise 1: Identifying the Prepositional Phrases. Write the prepositional phrases from the following paragraph and underline each preposition.

Example: During my vacation I discovered the exciting sport of cross-country skiing.

During my vacation, of cross-country skiing

1. The thrill of cross-country skiing is infecting people around the globe.2. The sport originated across the Atlantic Ocean in the Scandinavian\n countries and was brought

to the United States by the settlers.3. According to recent figures, more than two million people are now cross- country skiers.4. Cross-country skiers can compete for prizes in races held around the world.5. A Norwegian race, the Birkenbeiner, honors two skiers who heroically carried a Norwegian

prince to safety amid a civil war in the early thirteenth century.

obj

obj

obj

obj

obj


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying Conjunctions and its Kinds Activity No. 13Activity Title: Conjunctions

Conjunction is a word used to connect other words or groups of words.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONand but for nor or so

With Nouns and Pronouns: Inge and I attended the lecture.With Verbs: Our dog whined and scratched at the door.With Adjectives: The steak was tender, large, yet tasteless.With adverbs: The man responded quickly but incorrectly.With Prepositional Phrases: I will go to Greece or to Spain.With Subordinate Ideas: The agency said that jobs were available but that qualified personnel to fill

them were not.With Complete Ideas: He seemed distressed, so we discussed his problem.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONboth….and either…or neither…nor

not only…but also whether…or

With Nouns: Both the employers and the employees agree.

With Nouns and Pronouns: Call either Ed or me if you need help.With Adjectives: The rain was not only heavy but also cold.With Prepositional Phrases: Put the check either in the drawer or beside the telephone.With Complete Ideas: Neither did the swelling go down nor did the pain subside.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSafter because lest till although before provided untilas even if now that whenas if even though since wheneveras long as how so that whereas much as if than whereveras soon as inasmuch as that whileas though in order that though unless

Examples:

The referees watched carefully lest they miss a key play.

Although the fumigator sprayed, the termites remained.

Often act as prepositions after, before, since, till, and until

Often act as adverbs after, before, when, and where

Exercise 1: Identifying Conjunctions in Sentences. Write the conjunction in each sentence and identify it as coordinating, correlative, or subordinating.

example: I could not decide whether your answer was right or wrong.whether or (correlative)

1. The physics instructor explained the theory, but I did not understand it.2. Roger is significantly taller than Doug is.3. You should eat salads since they are good for your digestion.4. I checked several banquet facilities before I finally chose this one.5. Unless you reform, you will be dismissed.6. I burned my tongue, for the soup was till too hot to eat.7. Whenever the shepherd gave the order, the dog began to round up strays.8. Not only can you do some packing, but you can also carry out some boxes.9. Persimmons and pumpkins can be used to make excellent spice cookies.10. Now that the harvest is behind them, the farmers can relax.

main idea

main idea

subordinate idea

subordinate idea


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying InterjectionsActivity No. 14Activity Title: Interjections

Interjection is a word that expresses feeling or emotion and functions independently of a sentence.

SOME COMMON INTERJECTIONSah dear hey ouchaha goodness hurray psstalas gracious oh tskwell whew wow

Exclamation marks or commas usually set off an interjection from the rest of the sentence.

Example:Ouch! That bee sting throbs.Goodness, if you don’t leave now, you will be late!

Exercise 1. Using Interjections. Write five sentences containing interjections that express the following general emotions. Underline the interjections in your sentences.

Example: surpriseOh, what was that noise?

1. indecision2. sorrow3. urgency4. exhaustion5. fear


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Giving or Identifying Meaning of WordsActivity No. 15Activity Title: Recognizing Context Clues

Recognizing Context Clues

Often, you can pick up clues about a word’s meaning from its context. the context of a word is the sentence, the surrounding words or the situation in which a word is used.

Example:

Dr. Lindsay’s mechanical servant, Eddie, is the ideal automation.

The words mechanical servant tell you that an automation is a robot. It is the clue to automation.

Exercise 1: Underline the word or group of words that gives clue to the meaning of each printed word in the sentence.

Example: Arid lands that are dry and barren, are useless for farming.

1. She was a fastidious young woman who never permitted her fingers to remain soiled or her hair to be disordered.

2. Most volcanoes are dormant, but they could erupt at anytime.3. Sufferers of vertigo, a disorder that causes extreme dizziness, are advised to avoid the roller

coaster.4. The police do not permit people to gather at the scene of an accident their first duty is to

disperse them.5. The tiger ate voraciously until nothing was left of the carcass but bones.6. The flag the guard lowers every twilight is the banner of your trust and love.7. Homer’s hero, Odysseus, was an intrepid, sailor that is, he was fearless and bold.8. The old lady enjoyed the company of children if they were neat and clean, but she abhorred

them if they were dirty.9. “I demand an apology and a refund”, The irate customer shouted at the timid store manager.10. Having hidden the purloined jewelry, the chief napped.


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Observing Correct Agreement between the Subject and the Verb.Activity No. 16 Activity Title: Subject-Verb Agreement

Basic Rule: The basic rule states that a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb. NOTE: The trick is in knowing whether the subject is singular or plural. The next trick is recognizing a singular or plural verb.Hint: Verbs do not form their plurals by adding an s as nouns do. In order to determine which verb is singular and which one is plural, think of which verb you would use with he or she and which verb you would use with they.Example: talks, talkWhich one is the singular form? Which word would you use with he? We say, "He talks." Therefore, talks is singular. We say, "They talk." Therefore, talk is plural.

1. Two singular subjects connected by or or nor require a singular verb.My aunt or my uncle is arriving by train today.

2. Two singular subjects connected by either/or or neither/nor require a singular verb as in Rule 1.Neither Juan nor Carmen is available.Either Kiana or Casey is helping today with stage decorations.

3. When I is one of the two subjects connected by either/or or neither/nor, put it second and follow it with the singular verb am.

Neither she nor I am going to the festival4. When a singular subject is connected by or or nor to a plural subject, put the plural subject last

and use a plural verb.

The serving bowl or the plates go on that shelf.5. When a singular and plural subject are connected by either/or or neither/nor, put the plural

subject last and use a plural verb.Neither Jenny nor the others are available.

6. As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by and.A car and a bike are my means of transportation.

7. Sometimes the subject is separated from the verb by words such as along with, as well as, besides, or not. Ignore these expressions when determining whether to use a singular or plural verb.

The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected shortly.Excitement, as well as nervousness, is the cause of her shaking.

8. The pronouns each, everyone, every one, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, and somebody are singular and require singular verbs. Do not be misled by what follows of.

Each of the girls sings well. Every one of the cakes is gone.NOTE: Everyone is one word when it means everybody. Every one is two words when the meaning is each one.

9. With words that indicate portions—percent, fraction, part, majority, some, all, none, remainder, and so forth —look at the noun in your of phrase (object of the preposition) to determine whether to use a singular or plural verb. If the object of the preposition is singular, use a singular verb. If the object of the preposition is plural, use a plural verb.

Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared.Pie is the object of the preposition of.Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared.

10. When either and neither are subjects, they always take singular verbs.Neither of them is available to speak right now.Either of us is capable of doing the job.

11. The words here and there have generally been labeled as adverbs even though they indicate place. In sentences beginning with here or there, the subject follows the verb.

There are four hurdles to jump.There is a high hurdle to jump.

12. Use a singular verb with sums of money or periods of time.Ten dollars is a high price to pay.Five years is the maximum sentence for that offense

13. Sometimes the pronoun who, that, or which is the subject of a verb in the middle of the sentence. The pronouns who, that, and which become singular or plural according to the noun directly in front of them. So, if that noun is singular, use a singular verb. If it is plural, use a plural verb.

Salma is the scientist who writes/write the reports.The word in front of who is scientist, which is singular. Therefore, use the singular verb writes.He is one of the men who does/do the work. The word in front of who is men, which is plural. Therefore, use the plural verb do

14. Collective nouns such as team and staff may be either singular or plural depending on their use in the sentence.

The staff is in a meeting.Staff is acting as a unit here.

The staff are in disagreement about the findings.The staff are acting as separate individuals in this example.

The sentence would read even better as:The staff members are in disagreement about the findings.

Exercise 1. Underline the verb that agrees with the subject.

1. The baby, as well as the mother, (feels, feel) better after the tragedy.2. Kyle, together with Danielle, (accomplish, accomplishes) the project on time.3. Egg, in addition to ham and bread, (satisfy, satisfies) the hungry man.4. Neither the son nor the parents (attend, attends) the graduation rites.5. All of us (have, has) been given talents to enhance and share.6. Only few members (attend, attends) the PTA general assembly,7. None of God’s people ( is, are) deprived of the right to happiness.8. Neither the candidate for President can (solve, solves) the country’s peace and order

problem.

9. Many good politicians (has, have) fulfilled all that were promised before the election.10. Less information about one’s life story (create, creates) suspense.


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Expressing Ideas, Facts, Information or beliefs using Idiomatic ExpressionsActivity No. 17Activity Title: Idiomatic Expressions

Idiomatic Expressions are found in the daily speech of people rather than in formal composition. An idiom is a group of words having a different meaning from the combined meanings of the words expressed. When you say, “I have butterflies in my stomach,” you do not literally mean that you have many butterflies inside your stomach. You simply mean that you are so nervous.

Study the following sentences1. Alyssa opened her eyes in a strange room.2. Mrs. Sandoval’s explanation opened her daughter’s eyes.

Exercise 1: Find the correct meaning from the box below.

1. Fred is conscientious enough to make a headway in his studies.2. We will succeed if we put our shoulder to the wheel.3. My friend bears her burdens with courage4. We usually lay bare our innermost thoughts to our close friends.5. What mysterious man always keeps everything in the dark.6. Listening to the conversation, the detective got wind of their plains.7. It was a hard problem but the guidance counselor cast light on it and then, it was easy.8. When you apply for a job, they will take into account your good grades.9. Since Dan came out of the prison, he has turned over a new leaf.

10. When Nelia’s mother lost her job, they all had to tighten their belts and manage to live on their father’s small wage.

Exercise 2: Idioms with Key Words from Special Categories

1. My students had planned to play a trick on me, but because they were so quiet and attentive I_______________.

2. Why don’t you take_________________if you’re tired?3. I always expect that a gourmet like him will _________on such a big occasion like this.4. I didn’t know anyone at the party and felt like _________among all my sister’s high school

friends.5. At first, I didn’t recognize Chelsea Santos when she stopped me in the park because I hadn’t

seen her for_________.

make a beast of oneself eat large quantities of food, leaving little for othersa cat's nap a short sleep taken during the daydonkey's years a very long time

a fish out of watersomeone who feels uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings or company

smell a rat detect something suspicious; sense that something is wrong


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying Simple Subjects and PredicatesActivity No. 17Activity Title: Simple Subject and Predicates

Sentence is a group of words with two main parts: a complete subject and a complete predicate. Together, these parts express a complete thought.

COMPLETE SUBJECTS COMPLETE PREDICATESFlowers bloom.A bell-clanging street car moved through the intersection.A soufflé or quiche is a delicious main dish.

The candidate's pragmatic approachimpressed the voters attending the voters attending the rally last Thursday.

to fiscal problems

Exercise 1: Recognizing Complete Subjects and Complete Predicates. Copy the following paragraph, drawing a vertical line between each complete subject and complete predicate. Some sentences may require more than one line.

example: The gently rocking boat ▐ lulled us to sleep.

heard some news reveal

explained hides or conceals something

to progress consider

do our best completely changed one's waysendures some misfortune

spend less money at a time of financial difficulty

1. Morning came quickly.

2. Long before sunrise, the alarm clock rang.

3. Sluggishly, we dragged ourselves from a restful sleep.

4. At five o’ clock we left the dock

5. We were sailing out of the bay on a yacht equipped with every convenience.

6. From bow to stem, the boat measured forty feet.,

7. During the night, a fog had crept in.

8. it greatly limited visibility and made the air cold.

9. Sophisticated directional equipment led us through the fog.

10. Inside the cabin we were warm, dry and eager to begin deep-sea fishing.


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying Complete Subjects and PredicatesActivity No. 18 Activity Title: Subject and Predicates

Simple Subject is the essential noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that cannot be left out of the complete subject.Simple predicate is the essential verb or verb that cannot be left out of the complete predicate.

SIMPLE SUBJECTS AND SIMPLE PREDICATESComplete Subjects Complete PredicatesSmall pocket calculators fit nicely into coat pockets.Ronald Reagan starred in many films in his early career.Pictures of Saturn have certainly revealed much about the planet

Compound subject is two or more subjects that have the same verb and are joined by a conjunction such as and or or.example: The train and car collided at the intersection.

Nickels, dimes or quarters are used in these meters.

Compound Verb is two or more verbs that have the same subject and are joined by a conjunction such as and or or.

example: I neither saw them nor overheard them.

Most of the passengers had left the ship and begun to explore the city.

Some sentences may contain both a compound subject and a compound verb.

example: The private plane and the airliner flew too close touched wing tips, and almost crashed.

Exercise 1: Identifying Subjects and Verbs. Copy each of the following sentences, drawing a vertical line between the complete subject and complete predicate. Then, underline each subject once and each subject twice.example: The state with the most people │ is California.

1. Some apes have been taught signs for words.2. Rebecca Latimer Felton was the first woman to serve as a United States Senator.3. Many of the current television programs are airing sensitive controversial issues.4. Members of the Coast Guard rescued the passengers of the sinking ocean liner.5. A glittering Monte Carlo lures the wealthy to its port.6. The behavior of sharks has been studied by biologists.7. Intricate ironwork decorated the outside of the stately New Orleans home8. People in stressful situations will often show symptoms of fatigue.9. The pyramids in Egypt have attracted tourists for thousands of years.10. New York is the setting for many pieces of American literature.


Subject: English 4Learning Target: Identifying the different Kinds of SentencesActivity No. 18 Activity Title: The Four Functions of Sentences

Declarative sentence states an idea and ends with a period.example: Different wild flowers grow in different regions of the United States.

Most people do not enjoy taking risks.Interrogative sentence asks question and ends with a question mark.example: What harm did the delay cause?

Who designed the Guggenheim Museum?Imperative sentence gives an order r direction and ends with a period or exclamation mark.example: Call the insurance agent, please.

Watch out for that car!Would you please stop that!

Exclamatory sentence conveys emotion and ends an exclamation mark.example: The new baby just arrived! (declarative)

Isn’t her voice magnificent! (interrogative)Perfect!

Exercise 1: Identifying the Four Functions of Sentences. Identify each sentence as declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. Then write the end mark for each sentence.

example: As I ran down the street, I heard someone call to me.

declarative

(1) “Hey, you (2) Slow down for a minute (3) I bet you haven’t had breakfast yet (4) Here-how about some granola

(5) I stopped in surprise as the garbage collector lobbed two packages of English muffins at me(6) “ Do you know how much perfectly good bread they throw away there” (7) He gestured to the grocery store that backed my apartment

Concept note english 3

Education

study reading

reading activity

reading problems

reading skills activity

reading students

flexible reading

reading rate

reading program