Computing Skills

COMPUTING SKILLS

Chapter One: Computer Fundamentals...2

Chapter Two: Basic Computer Operations and File Management19

Chapter Three: Word Processing..37

Chapter Four: Spreadsheets...59

Chapter Five: Presentations.....100

Chapter Six: Computer Networks and Internet....122

References: ...............................133

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Basic Computing Skills 2013

Chapter One: Computer Fundamentals

What you will learn: What is a computer system Characteristics of computers

Benefits and usage of computers

Classification of computers

Description of the microcomputer parts o Hardware o Software

Buying a new computer

Computer Ergonomics

Health and safety issues

Copyright

Privacy and Data protection

Access Rights

Computer Viruses

Omani Legislation on Data protection

What are shareware, freeware, public domain programs and Open source?

What is a computer system? The word ―computer‖ comes from the word ―compute‖, which means ―to calculate‖. It is basically a collection of electronic devices (called hardware) that work autonomously, each doing special tasks. These devices cooperate with each other, by means of specified instructions called Software to achieve data and information processing. The collection of hardware and software constitutes a computer system. To solve a certain problem using a computer, we must feed it (input to it) with a collection of instructions or commands, and also with the data needed to get the solution. The set of instructions provided to the computer to solve a certain problem is called a program, and the one who develops this program is called a programmer. The operations executed by the computer are called processing of data, and the results of this processing are called output.

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Characteristics of computers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Its ability to execute the instructions loaded into it in autonomously manner. High speed processing High precision in getting results Large storage capacity and rapid fetching of needed information. Ability to connect to remote peer machines and exchange information

Benefits and usage of computers: Computers are affecting in a positive way a large part of the human daily life. Some examples are as follows:

Information management: used in Bank and corporate management, in air and urban traffic, in

supermarkets and shopping centers, etc. Education: widely used in universities and research centers (analyzing data, modeling and

simulation etc.), and in colleges and schools which have access to computer-aided education packages, etc.

Communication: provide support for data, voice and video communication over telephone and data transmission networks. In combination with telecommunication systems, computers have revolutionized the way we live (ex: the internet) (remote reading of headline news, home shopping, home banking, home trading, etc.

Office presentations: support of word processing, spreadsheets (for producing the table, graphs and charts), and of animated presentation, etc.

Family computers: home education, household inventory, games and fun for kids.

Classification: Today's computers are classified based on their mode of use; the following is a classification of the computers:

Handheld Computers: Handheld Computer is a small computing device that can be used by holding in hand. It is also known as palmtop because it can be kept on palm and operated.

Tablet PC: A tablet PC is a miniature laptop. It usually provides all features of laptop along with extra features like handwriting recognition and voice recognition.

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PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)/Pocket PC: The features include contact list, calendar, task list, e-mail, pocket word-processing and spreadsheet application, presentation viewer, network capability using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth. PDA has a decent size LCD touch screen with a pen for handwriting recognition.

Smartphone: Smartphone is fully functional mobile phone with computing power. The major difference between PDA and Smartphone is a cell phone with PDA-like capability. Smart phones do not have a touch screen and are smaller than PDA's.

Notebook computers: Notebook computers are portable computers mainly meant for use of people who need computing resource wherever they go. They are also known as laptops. Processing capability of laptop is normally as good as an ordinary PC, because both use the same type of processor.

Personal computers (PC): A PC is a general purpose computer that fits on a normal size office table and used by one person at a time. PCs are now very common everywhere, and can be found in offices, classrooms, homes, hospitals, shops, clinics, etc.

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Workstations: A work station is a powerful desktop computer designed to meet computing needs of engineers, architects, and other professionals who need greater processing power, large storage and better graphics display facility than a normal PC's provide. They are used commonly for computer Aided Design (CAD), multimedia applications such as creating special audio visual effect in movies, etc.

Network Computer NC: A large PC-type computer called a Server is connected to smaller PCs called clients or terminals. A client is a monitor with a keyboard and a small box which contains the CPU and the Main Memory. The Client may not have any hard disks - therefore it is unable to work independently. A client downloads applications and data from the server into its main memory. Then any changes, which are made, will be stored in the server

Main-frames: they are large computers installed in large rooms, with large storage capabilities and fast computing facilities. They are used in banks, insurance companies that need online processing of large number of transactions.

Super-computers: they constitute the top of the classification in terms of storage capacity and computation power. They are used for sensitive applications that require a huge amount of computation, like satellite tracing and simulations of warplanes in the battlefield or weather forecast applications.

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Description of the Microcomputer parts

A. The Hardware:

1. The system unit:

It's a box that hosts computer ―brain‖, its memory and other useful parts for carrying out internal operations.

It comprises:

The mother board: the main circuit board, it

hosts the computer's central processing unit, expansion slots, and data communication bus.

The central processing unit (CPU) or Microprocessor: is the computer's virtual brain. It has the task of carrying out all the internal operations' that include a variety of computations, numerical comparison and data transfer. It consists of the following units:

o The Control Unit (CU): controls and sequences the operations to be performed by the CPU.

o The Arithmetical and Logical Unit (ALU): performs the arithmetical and logical operations.

o The registers: they are storage locations used to store essential information for the CU and the ALU.

A register is essentially a storage space inside the CPU. These registers are used to hold numbers that are currently being manipulated. The large the registers are the larger the numbers they can hold.

The size of a register is expressed in bits. A bit is a single binary digit (that takes of the values 0 or 1, true or false, on or off).

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Bits are usually grouped into sets of eight to form a byte. One byte can express a number between 0 and 255.

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

The more bits a microprocessor can work with at a time, the faster and more efficient it is. 16-bits, 32- bits and 64-bits are the most commonly register sizes used.

Data Bus Size: A data bus is the pathway connecting the microprocessor to the memory

storage. It is used to transfer program instructions and data from memory to CPU and back. It affects computer performance because it determines how much data can be moved, and therefore processed at the same time. It has, in this regard, direct relations with the registers to which the data is transferred.

Expansion Slots: the bus is accessible through a series of expansion slots. Each expansion slot is an internal connector that allows you to plug an additional circuit board into the motherboard.

Speed: The speed with which a microprocessor operates depends on two factors:

1) Microprocessor design: the manufacturer specifies a certain range

2) The speed of the system clock: this clock oscillates or ticks at a certain frequency. In general

this frequency is several millions per second. The clock is also used to synchronize the internal operations of the computer components. All computer operations require a certain number of clock ticks to be finished. Thus, the faster the clock, the faster the computer is.

The speed of the microprocessor is measured by the number of cycles per second, which is expressed in units of frequency called Hertz (Hz). One megahertz (MHz) = one million cycles per second.

Coprocessors and multiprocessors: they are technologies that allow more than one CPU to operate concurrently in executing programs. However, some processors can have specialized tasks. In generally, multiprocessing helps to speed up the computer considerable.

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2. Memory:

Primary memory: RAMs and ROMs:

The RAM (random access memory) is a sequence of individual storage locations. Each location has a unique address. When a number stored in a location, it is said to be written to memory. When a number is looked up in a location, it is said to be read from memory. The technically correct definition of RAM is: storage where all addresses are equally accessible. Sometimes it is called: Read-Write Memory. It has the particularity that if power is cut off the computer its contents loses. The amount of RAM is another factor involved in determining the power of a computer. The more RAM a computer has the more complex programs it can run and the more data it can access quickly. The units used to express memory size are:

1 Byte (B) = 8 bits is the smallest unit that can be directly addressed by most computers.

1 kilobytes (KB) = 210 byte = 1024 bytes. The word one kilo is misused since it means 1024 and not 1000. Thus if we say a memory size of 64 K, we mean 64*1024.

1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 kilobytes.

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Basic Computing Skills

1 Gigabytes (GB) = 1024 megabytes.

1 Terabytes (TB) = 1024 gigabytes. In recent days, computers' amount of RAM size can range from 128 MB to 1GB M.

ROM: it is Read Only Memory is used for:

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Storing system programs and routines.

It can only be read.

It is also a collection of storage locations.

The information it has cannot be destroyed if power is cut off.

One of its tasks is that it hosts the POST (Power On Self-Test) routines:

The first 30 seconds Power On Self-Test (POST): a set of diagnostic routines (encoded in ROM) that ensures that the computer is functioning properly each time it is powered on. The POST validates every byte in RAM, and should detect a bad location, reports the problem before the system is used. It configures the various support chips that work with the microprocessor, determines what optional equipment is attached, gets the keyboard ready to transmit keystrokes to the CPU, and loads the operating system. After this final step, you can see the first evidence that the PC is up.

3. Secondary storage:

Floppy Disk Drive (FDD): works with floppy disks or diskettes, which are inexpensive, flexible magnetic disks encased in plastic. Floppy disks can be inserted and removed from their drive.

There are 3 types of Floppy disks:

1. 8‖FD

2. 5.25‖ FD (that can hold up to 360 KB),

3. 3.5'' FD that can store up to 1.44 Mbytes and it is indicated by a letter A:\

Hard disk drives: uses one or more rigid, magnetic platters to hold information. Most HDD have their magnetic disks sealed inside permanently. These disks spin much faster and have much greater capacity than FD's.

HD's comes in various sizes i.e.: 80 GB, 120 GB, 180 GB, 512 GB etc.

It can have any number of partitions and indicated by the letters C:\ D:\ and so on depending on number of partitions made on the hard disk.

Compact discs (CDs): A small optical circular disk on which data such as sound, text or graphic images is digitally encoded.

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Compact discs are made from a 1.2 mm thick disc or polycarbonate plastic coated with a much thinner aluminum.

CDs are available in a range of sizes but by far the most common is:

1. 120mm in diameter, with a 74 minute audio capacity

2. and a 650 MB

3. or 700 MB data.

Available in CD, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), Blu-Ray Disk

Flash drive: Flash drive is a compact device of the size of a pen, comes in various shapes and stylish designs. It is a plug and play device that simply plugs into a USB (universal serial bus) port of computer.

4. Inputs and output devices: Input devices: The device through which the instructions and input data are provided to the

computers.

Examples: keyboard, mouse, scanner, touch screen, microphone, joystick, electronic pen, Floppy drive, HD drive, and CD drive etc.

Output device: The devices through which the results or the information is gotten from the computer.

Examples: printer, plotter, LCD, speakers, monitor, Floppy drive, and HD drive etc.

Computer Ports: A port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices (as keyboard, mouse, scanner, printers etc.). Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects. In the following, some example on computer ports:

1. Serial Port: This port could be used to connect modems, old mouse and it has two type one of 9 pins and the other of 25 pins.

2. Parallel Port:

It is faster than serial ports and it will be usually used to connect printers and sometimes could be used to connect Scanners.

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3. USB: The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is used to connect most of the modern external devices now in all the computers like external hard disks, digital camera, flashes, printers, scanners and mobiles etc.

4. PS/2: Mainly two ports available in each computer machine of PS/2 port. One is dedicated for the keyboard and the other for the mouse.

5. VGA Connector The VGA connector is used to connect the monitor with the computer mother board.

6. Ethernet port It is used to connect the computer to the Local Area Network (LAN).

B. Software: The invisible part of the computer system which consists of a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it, such as: Word Processing, Computer Games and Graphics Programs.

I. System Software

Operating systems (O/S): is the heart and soul of a computer. It is the foundation on which all software applications rest. It takes care of little details, such as reading a data from a disk, interpreting your keystrokes and so on. Its essential job can be divided into 3 categories:

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.

2.

3.

Control of Hardware: controls how programs are run, and how the computer resources are used.

Manage Software: controls how programs are run, and how the computer resources are

used.

Interact with users: Helps the average users put their PCs to work.

Examples of Operating systems (O/S):

• MS-DOS: it is Microsoft Disk Operating System. It is a single user operating System.

• Microsoft Windows: it is a single user, multitasking operating system. Examples are

Windows 3.0, Windows 95, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows XP Professional, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

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• MS-Windows NT: it is classified as network operating system. This O/S allows many users to be connected to each other. So each user has his own stand-alone computer while sharing other software, Data-bases, hardware Devices (HDD, printer, etc.) with others.

• UNIX: it is a multi-user timesharing operating system.

• Linux: is a multi-tasking multiprocessing O/S.

II. Programming Languages:

Machine Language: It is written in binary system composed of 1 and 0. It depends on the

computer's architecture. It is difficult a language, which does not need any translator. Assembly Language: Depends on using some of the mnemonic symbols like: MUL for

multiply, and SUB for subtract. It uses addressing symbols. Other accounting systems can be used instead of the binary system. It is easier than Machine language, but it still depends on the computer architecture. A translator is needed and it is called Assembler.

High Level Languages: Use statements that one can understand. It needs translators. It can be used very easily to solve complex problems. They are independent of the computer's architecture, such as, Pascal, COBOL, Basic, C, C++, Java, etc.

Application Generators: Called fourth generation languages. They are database languages used to create files. Forms, queries and reports without the writing of any programs. It uses very simple statements or instructions. It does the job by telling the computer what the user needs, but without telling it how to do it.

Compliers and Interpreters: Programs that translate the source code into the object or machine code. A compiler translates a whole program. The object code can be executed. However, the interpreter translates and executes one statement at a time

III.Application software

Application software is the software that helps the user perform word processing, use electronic spreadsheets to manage tables to extract results (draw graphs, charts, etc.), or to create databases and manage them, to use the Email facilities and access the internet. An example of application software is Microsoft Office which includes Word, Excel, Access, and Power Point etc.

Buying a new computer Purchasing a home or business computer can be a big and sometimes costly decision. Below is a listing of the various components likely to be found in a computer and recommendations and tips when considering any of the below components.

What to look for

Processor: The computer processor is and will always be one of the most important

considerations when purchasing a computer. Today, with multiple CPU/Processor manufacturers, it may be more confusing as well as more cost efficient to look at all options for computer processors. Always buy the current technology processor.

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Memory: Memory is one of the more important purchasing decisions on a computer. The more memory in the computer, the more efficient the computer will run. Nowadays memory is ranging from 2GB to 4 GB on personal computers.

Hard Drive: The hard drive will be the destination of all your files and information. Make sure you get a hard disk drive that will have plenty of available space and will run at speeds that don't slow the overall computer down. Latest hard disk drives are with the capacity of 500GB to 1 TB.

CD/DVD: Most newer computers today have an included disc burner in the computer. If you wish to make your own CD's / DVD's make sure the computer supports it.

Modem: Depending on how you plan on connecting to the Internet the Modem may not be that important of a buying decision. Most users today are using broadband Internet, which does not require a modem. However, if this is not available in your area make sure your computer includes a modem.

Computer Ergonomics It is important to create strain less working environment. Ergonomics refers to the design and functionality that affects the ability of a person to do their work. It comprises of several factors

Seating: Chairs should be of adjustable height. Users feet are flat on the floor with their knees

level with their hips. It should give support to lower back. The height of the desk and the chair should mean that the forearm is roughly horizontal when using keyboard and mouse.

Lighting: The room should be sufficiently lit. Computers should neither face windows nor back on to a window so that users have to sit with the sun in their eyes.

Ventilation: The room should have opening windows or air conditions to allow free air circulation to prevent overheating.

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Health and safety issues Using computers unsafe can be dangerous. Make sure all the cables are safely secured. Power

sockets are not overloaded. Use protector to prevent power spikes from damaging the equipment. Sudden power shutdown could cause the loss of data so install uninterrupted power supply (UPS) that gives time to shut down safely.

Computers can be responsible for many health problems like eye strain, wrist injuries and back problems. Poor seating and bad posture while sitting at a computer screen can cause back problem. Repetitive strain injury is the collective name for a variety of disorders affecting the neck, shoulders and upper limbs. It can result in stiffness and aching wrist, arms, back and inability to lift or hold any object.

Computer users are prone to eye strain from spending long hours looking at screen. Many users prefer dim light to achieve better screen contrast. But this makes it difficult to read documents on the desk. A small spot light focused on the desktop is helpful.

Simple techniques can reduce these problems.

Sit up properly when working.

Take 1-2 minute stretch break every 20 minutes. And take 10 minutes break or do something away from computer every hour.

Close your eyes while you take your break. Rest them by covering them with your palms for 10- 15 seconds or look out of your window or elsewhere in the distance.

Copyright Computer Software, text, graphics, images, audio and video all these is copyright material. It is

owned by the producer and it is illegal to make unauthorized copies. When you buy software it is supplied with in a sealed package on which the terms and conditions of use are printed. This is called the Software Licence. When the user accepts the terms and conditions then it is referred as End User Licence Agreement. The package will have a unique identification number that you may need when installing the software. Software can be installed on the network to be accessed by the multiple users. Licence specifies the number of users that can access software at any point of time.

It is illegal to make copies of the software, except for backup purposes, so you are breaking the law if you copy some software from a friend onto removable media such as CD or memory stick to use on your own computer.

Privacy and Data protection Right to privacy is the fundamental human right and most of us take for granted. For example,

we would not want our name, address, job profile, family circumstance and medical records available to everyone.

Since we register online on websites, banks and insurance companies holds our personal information. It requires maintenance and protection of information that demands great respect. Wrong information could lead a person refusal of job or medical insurance and that could ruin

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the life. Holding personal information thus demands sensitivity and respect. This is reflected in the protection laws.

Access Rights It is a level of authorization to read and/or modify a record or a data file. In the administration of a multi-user computer system, a privilege is an identified right that a particular user has to a particular system resource, such as a file folder, the use of certain system commands, or an amount of storage. Generally, a system administrator or, in the case of network resources such as access to a particular device, a network administrator assigns privileges to users. System software then automatically enforces these privileges. Users should make sure his password is not given to anyone else.

Computer Virus and its types A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. The term "virus" is also commonly used, albeit erroneously, to refer to many different types of malware and adware programs. The original virus may modify the copies, or the copies may modify themselves, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user sending it over a network or the Internet, or by carrying it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB drive. Meanwhile viruses can spread to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.

E-mail viruses:

An e-mail virus travels as an attachment to e-mail messages, and usually replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to dozens of people in the victim's e-mail address book. Some e-mail viruses don't even require a double-click -- they launch when you view the infected message in the preview pane of your e-mail software.

Trojan horses:

A Trojan horse is simply a computer program that claims to do one thing (it may claim to be a game) but instead does damage when you run it (it may erase your hard disk). Trojan horses have no way to replicate automatically.

Worms:

A worm is a small piece of software that uses computer networks and security holes to replicate itself. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that has a specific security hole. It copies itself to the new machine using the security hole, and then starts replicating from there, as well.

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What They Infect

Viruses can infect several files of the computer's operating and file system. These include:

System Sectors

Files

Macros

Companion Files

Disk Clusters

Batch Files Source Code

Antivirus

An antivirus program protects your computer from virus attacking and it must be installed on all the

computers systems. Antivirus programs automatically checks for any infected data when the computer is started up. Checks can be performed on floppy drive, CD's and Flash drive before files are accessed. It is better to install antivirus that provides frequent updates online. Antivirus program should be capable of not only detecting the viruses but also of removing it from infected file. This is called disinfecting the file.

Omani Legislation on Data protection

Author:

Any individual who prepares or creates any work of art in the field of Literature, Science or Arts or any written or innovative work of art that is relevant to any of the knowledge domains, to whom such work is attributed by means of stating his name explicitly or implicitly or by any other means, unless evidence proves the contrary.

Audio-visual work of art: Any audio-visual work of art that comprises a set of interrelated photographs which are accompanied by sounds, recorded on suitable material and displayed by suitable sets.

Translation: Expressing a work of art in a language other than the language of the original text.

Publication: Transmission of the work of art to the public in any manner means or form. Reproduction: Producing a duplicate or more of the work of art in any manner, means or form.

Computer programs including date bases: Denote all terms and directives expressed by any language, symbol or indication which are prepared to be used directly or indirectly in computers in order to reach definite outcomes.

Scope of Protection:

The authors of original works of art in literature, science, arts, and culture in general shall enjoy the protection of this law irrespective of the value of those works of art, type thereof, the manner of expression or the purpose for which they were created. The said protection shall comprise in particular, the authors of the following works of art

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1. Books, computer programs and other writings. 2. Works of art delivered orally such as lectures, addresses and sermons. 3.

Dramatic works of art and musical plays. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Musical works of art whether numbered or not and whether accompanied with words or not. Works of art relating to dance designing and pantomime. Cinematographic, television, radio, audio and audio visual works of art. Works of art of drawings, painting, architecture, sculpture, ornamentation and engraving. The applied works of art whether handicraft or industrial. Illustrations, geographical maps, plans and sketches and formative works of art relating to geography, topography, architecture and science.

10. Folklore: The title of the work if it is distinctive and innovative and is not a current term used to denote the topic of the work of art.

Penalties:

Infringing upon the author's rights referred to in above paragraphs whether by way of illegal copying or quoting or falsification by way of printing and publication for sale and trading purposes will be punished by imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years and a fine not exceeding Omani Riyals 2000.00 or by any of the said punishments.

What are shareware, freeware, public domain programs and Open source?

Shareware, freeware, and public domain are software categories defined by how programs may be distributed, copied, used, and modified.

Shareware Shareware software is distributed at low or sometimes no cost, but usually requires payment and registration for full legal use. Copies are distributed on a trial basis. You are free to test the software, see if it matches your needs, and decide whether it's a good value. Order forms or advertisements included in the program or on the distribution disk usually tell you how to register the program and what fee is required. Registered users of a shareware program will typically receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the software, often with additional features, and the legal right to use the program in their home or business.

Shareware is not free software, since authors of shareware programs expect payment from those who intend to use the programs regularly. However, it does have the advantage over standard commercial software that you may thoroughly test a program to see if it's useful before making a purchase.

Shareware is generally written by individuals or small companies, and its quality and level of support vary widely. In some cases, however, shareware packages are actually more capable than corresponding commercial software, and some commercial programs got their start being marketed as shareware.

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While shareware may be freely copied, companies may not charge fees for copies that significantly exceed their duplication and handling costs. The authors of shareware programs also retain their copyright on the contents, and you may not modify such programs or distribute modified copies.

Freeware Freeware is also distributed at minimal cost, but in this case the authors do not expect payment for their work. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or incomplete programs that authors release for their potential benefit to others, but without support. The author of a freeware program may still retain a copyright on its contents and stipulate that others not modify the program or charge significant fees for its use or distribution.

Public domain software Public domain software is not copyrighted. It is released without any conditions upon its use, and may be used without restriction. This type of software generally has the lowest level of support available.

Open-Source Open source is a term describing a means of developing and distributing software that ensures software is available for use, modification, and redistribution by anyone. Generally, anyone can download open source software for little or no cost, and can use, share, borrow, or change it without restriction. Open source practice promotes software reliability and quality by supporting independent peer review and rapid evolution of source code.

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Basic Computer Operations and File Management

using Windows OS

Introduction

This module shows you how to use your computer's Operating System. The things you will learn module will help you to organize the work that you do and the documents that you create using application such as Note pad, MS-word, Paint and PDF etc. it also helps you to trouble shoot and know what to do when something unexpected happens.

Objectives:

How to start a PC

Strong and weak passwords

Desktop and what you might find on it

Start Up button and Task Bar

About a window (title bar, open, close, restore)

Hierarchical structure of drives, folders and files

Folders/Files Operation

Searching files

Compressing/Decompressing files/folders

Burn a CD or DVD in Windows Media Center

Add a printer

Add / Remove programs

Getting help

How to start a PC

Make sure that computer power cords are properly plugged in to the socket. If there is a floppy disk drive on your computer then check that there is not a floppy disk inside and Flash disk is not plugged in USB port of your system unit.

Press the power button on of the system unit. Switch on your screen.

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If the computer is on network or set for multiple users, like we have the setup in our university, you will be asked to enter your user id and password. For security reasons the passwords will not be displayed on the screen. Passwords also protect your personal information on computers and other various electronic devices. Strong passwords are the combination of letters digits and special characters. Never set a password from dictionary because hackers use the dictionaries to match with the passwords.

Examples

Strong password: n101*

Weak password: bright

Wait for the screen to stop changing. It should end up showing some small symbols (small icons) on a colored or picture background. This is called the desktop.

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Desktop Parts

Icons

Desktop icons come in a variety of forms and to use any of the icons just you need to double click on it. Some of the examples are shown below:

Folder is like a container it can save files of any type, for example Ms-word, Ms- excel, pdf etc.) and folders.

Recycle Bin (a waste basket). When you delete a file or a folder from your hard disk it goes into Recycle Bin. You can retrieve it if you have changed your mind about deleting. It remains in the basket as long as you haven't emptied the bin.

It displays secondary storage devices and network storage available on this computer. For example floppy drive, hard disk and its partitions, DVD and flash disk if attached.

Task Bar

The Task bar shows the icons of application programs that can be quickly launch or open. Hover the mouse button over any icon on the task bar, it displays the screen tip or miniature form of the number of files open.

Launch Internet Startup Bar

Explorer

Maximize File En is the systems default language, Flag is free from all issues, connected to network, sound system is active then

time and date is shown at right

Startup Bar

The start button at the bottom left of the screen opens a menu where you can select an application to run or a task that you want to do.

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Recently used application programs

Administrators can install any hardware or programs and

customize Operating system

Click here to see the list of installed programs

Click on Log off to come out of your login session

To stop your computer completely, click on Shut down

Hierarchical structure of drives, folders and files

Data can be stored on a number of different types of secondary storage devices. Your computer will have atleast one hard disk drive, floppy drive, CD/DVD and a flash memory or other removable drives. If your computer is on network there may also be storage space on one the network servers(as you have here in our University).

Windows assigns a letter to each drive on the computer. The floppy drive is usually indicated by letter A:, the hard drive C:, the CD/DVD drive E: and so on. On a network the hard drive Is usually partitioned into several logical drives called F:, G:, H:.

You can see what drives your computer has and how much free space there is on each disk. To do this click on computer icon on desktop then you should see a window similar to the one below.

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Files and Folders

Folders are like containers, these may contain any number of subfolders and file. Folders can store any type of file.

A File is the basic unit of information storage on computers. Files should be given names and it is a good practice to use the relevant filenames to the data store in it so that you can easily find particular file when it is needed.

As you use your computer you will store many more file into C: drive. You need to keep your work well organised so that you can quickly go to the files that you want. Files can be organised in the folders. Folders can contain subfolders. One of the important folder is called Documents and is set up by windows. This is where windows expects you to create your own folders and files to store your work. For quick access files can be placed on Desktop. Below is an example of files and folder saved on desktop.

Files and Folders Operations

In this topic you will learn how to create a folder and files of various Types. And also you will learn other operations like save, copy and paste.

To create folder, make sure no file and folder is selected then press right button of the mouse, select New then click on folder. It will create a folder with the name New Folder then type the name of the folder you wish

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For instance open a Notepad and Paint program to see the parts of a window. The steps are as follows:

Click on start button All programs Accessories Notepad

Click here to minimize, Restore Down and close a window

Title Bar

Menu Bar

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Type ― My uniiversity life‖

To Save a Notepad file Click on File in menu bar Click on Save As

Click on Desktop on left hand side of the dialogue box

Write About me in the file name box

Then click on save

Paint program

Click on start button All programs Accessories Paint

7


To save a Paint program file Click on Paint Button Click on Save as

Select any of the following formats as shown in the picture.

Click on Desktop on left hand side of the dialogue box.

Specify the name of the file as MyPicture

Home and view are called Tab

Paint Button

Title Bar: Title Bar displays the name of the file.

Menu Bar: Displays the options like File, Edit, etc. clicking on it produces the menu list.

Clicking on this button disappears this window and the icon is displayed on the task bar but the application is running at the back ground.

8


Clicking on this button restores the window on to the screen.

Clicking on this button closes the application

Clicking on paint button displays th elist of various command like New, Open, Save and Save As etc.

Home and View are called Tabs. Groups of commands are placed under each Tab.

Rename a folder/file

Select a folder/file

Click right button of the mouse

Click on rename

Type new name

Press enter key on the key board

Copy a folder/file



Click on Copy

Select drive/folder where you want paste


Click on Paste

Delete folder/file



Click on Delete

Types of files:

Windows recognises many different types of files. The type depends on in which application the file has been created. Below are someof the examples of common file types identified by their extension or by the icon.

9


File Extension File Type .txt .bmp .docx .xlsx .Zip or .rar .pdf .htm

A text file Bit Map File MS-Word file MS-Excel file A compressed file A portable Document Format file A web page file

Files Searching

To quickly locate the files on your computer you can use the search facility.we will look for the file called Abdullah.docx which is located some where in D drive.

Double Click on the Drive D:

At top right you will see Search Box

Type the name of the file Abdullah.docx

Wild cards

If you remember only the part of the file name you can use wild cards in place of characters to search files. The wild card ? represent a single character, and * represents any number of characters. So, for example, instead of typing full file name you could type *.docx to find all the files which has extension .docx. or Type ab*.docx to see all the files starting with ab and has extension .docx.

Compressing files

Compressing or zipping reduces the size of the files or folders so that sending and receiving on the network becomes faster. There are number of programs to zip or compress to name a few WinZip, rar and compressed. To compress a file or folder

Select a file/folder


Click on ―Add to name of the folder/file.rar‖

10


Decompressing files

Decompressing or unzip gives you your folder/file in its original form. To unzip or decompress

Select .zip/.rar file


Click on ―extract to name of the file‖

Formatting Disks or Removable media

Before a new disk can be used it must be formatted into addressable sectors. Diskettes are made to be usable in more than one kind of computer. Manufacturers produce diskettes unformatted, leaving it to customers to format them for the particular computer on which they are to be used.

Disks such as Floppy, partitions of hard disks, CD/DVD and USB can be formatted, if required. Below is the picture to format a Removable disk (USB).

Burn a CD or DVD in Windows Media Center

You can burn many different types of CDs and DVDs in Windows Media Center. This lets you decide what type of DVD or CD you want to create, based on how and what you want to use to play the content after it is burned to a disc.

11


The following image shows burn CD/DVD selected in Tasks.

The burn cd/dvd option is selected

You can archive digital media files, such as music, pictures, and videos, to a CD or DVD in Windows Media Center to play back on another computer. When burning this type of disc, called a data DVD or data CD, the digital media files are not converted to another file format before they are burned to the DVD—they are simply copied to the CD or DVD in their original format.

1. Start Windows Media Center. Insert a recordable CD or DVD into your CD or DVD burner.

2. Click the Burn a CD or DVD notification that appears in Windows Media Center or, on the start screen, scroll to Tasks, and then click burn cd/dvd.

3. Depending on the type of recordable disc that you insert into the burner, on the Select Disc Format screen, click either Data CD or Data DVD, and then click Next.

4. Using the keyboard, type a name for your DVD or CD, and then click Next. 5. On the Select Media screen, click the first type of digital media file that you want to add to the

CD or DVD, and then click Next. 6. Click the TV show, other videos, music, or pictures that you want to add to your disc so that a

check mark appears on the selected digital media files, and then click Next. 7. If you want to add more files to the disc, on the Review & Edit List screen, click Add More. 8. Repeat steps 5-7 until you have added all the digital media files to the disc that you want to burn. 9. After you have added all the files that you want to burn, on the Review & Edit List screen, click

Burn DVD or Burn CD. 10. In the Initiating Copy notification, click Yes. 11. After the disc is burned, in the Completing Disc Creation notification, click Done.

Add a printer To connect or add a printer to the computer, click on Devices and Printer from Start Menu. You will get the following window.

12


Click on Add a printer command and you will get a dialog box as the follows asking to identify the type of printer you want to add, a local printer or a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.

Click on the option which is available to you and follow up the instructions which can help you to connect the printer.

Add (install)/ Remove (uninstall) programs Add (install) Programs: Most of the program stored in the CDs, auto run option is available on and the installation process started just when you inserted the CD in CD ROM drive. In this case just follow up the driven menu

13


shown in the screen add select the desired option for installing the program or the application on your machine. In case the auto run option is not available, and you want to install the program in your machine, you can follow the following steps: - Browse the content of the CD or the folder where the program you want to install is stored. - Look for a file name Setup or Install with the .exe extension. - Double click on this file name. - And, follow up the instructions which displayed on the setup windows and select the suitable

option until the installation process finish.

Remove (Uninstall Programs): To remove or uninstall any program, click on Control Panel from Start menu, select Program and Features and click on uninstall command as shown on the follow windows. You will get a dialog boxes with instructions and some options, follow up these instruction and select the suitable option until the uninstallation process finish. Sometimes you will need to restart the machine in order to remove all related files and registration for this program or application.

Getting help At some point, you're likely to run into a computer problem or task that's confusing. To figure it out, you need to know how to get the right help.

Using Windows Help and Support Windows Help and Support is the built-in help system for Windows. It's a place to get quick answers to common questions, suggestions for troubleshooting, and instructions for how to do things. To

open Windows Help and Support, click the Start button , and then click Help and Support.

14


Search Help The fastest way to get help is to type a word or two in the search box. For example, to get information about wireless networking, type wireless network, and then press ENTER. A list of results appears, with the most useful results shown at the top. Click one of the results to read the topic.

Search box in Windows Help and Support

If you're connected to the Internet, your searches can include new Help topics and the latest versions of existing topics from the Windows Online Help and Support website. To learn how to get these updates, see Get the latest Help content.

Browse Help You can browse Help topics by subject. Click the Browse Help button, and then click an item in the list of subject headings that appears. Subject headings can contain Help topics or other subject headings. Click a Help topic to open it, or click another heading to dig deeper into the subject list.

Browsing Help topics by subject

Getting help with a program Almost every program comes with its own built-in Help system.

To open a program's Help system:

On the Help menu of the program, click the first item in the list, such as "View Help," "Help Topics," or a similar phrase. (This text will vary.) - or -

Press F1. This function key opens Help in almost any program.

15


Using resources on the web The web contains a vast amount of information, so there's a good chance that the answer to your question lies somewhere in those billions of webpages. A general search of the web, then, is a good place to start your quest. For more information, see "Searching the web" in Exploring the Internet.

If you don't find what you need using a general search, consider searching websites that focus on Windows or computer problems. Here are four good places to look:

Windows Online Help and Support. This website provides an online version of all Help topics in this version of Windows, plus instructional videos, in-depth columns, and other useful information. (Go to Windows Online Help and Support.)

Microsoft Help and Support. Discover solutions to common problems, how-to topics, troubleshooting steps, and the latest downloads. (Go to the Microsoft Help and Support website.)

Microsoft Knowledge Base. Search a huge database of articles with detailed solutions to specific problems and computer errors. (Go to the Microsoft Knowledge Base website.)

Microsoft TechNet. This site includes resources and technical content for information technology professionals. (Go to the Microsoft TechNet website.)

16


Exercise1

1. List the secondary storage devices connected to your computer.

Ans:________________________________________________________________

2. Display the contents of C:

3. Display the contents of Flash drive.

4. Create a folder Exercise on the Desktop.

5. Create three folders Muscat, Nizwa and Salalah inside Exercise folder.

6. Use Note pad, create a text file and type ―Salalah is approximately 1000 km away from Muscat‖.

Save it as Distance inside the folder Salalah.

7. Use paint and do the following:

a. Draw a smiley face, fill it up with yellow color.

b. Type the text using text tool ―im happy during khareef festival‖. c.

Save it in Bmp format with the name Khareef in the folder Muscat.

8. Use MS-Word to create a file and type ―Muscat festival is one of the popular social festival in

the Gulf‖, save it as MuscatFest in the folder Muscat.

9. Open MuscatFest type the symbols as shown ―= { 1,2 } : \ $ % & # /‖, below the existing

text and save as SpecialText in the folder Exercise.

10. Copy only the smiley face from the file Khareef to MuscatFest, below the text and save it.

11. Copy all the special symbols from file SpecialText to the paint file Khareef and save it. 12.

Open SpecialText then save as SpecialText.PDF.

13. Match the following programs to their file extension.

MS-word

Note Pad

Paint(Bit Map)

MS-Excel

File Manipulation: 1. Rename the folder Exercise to Your Id.

. xlsx .bmp

. txt

.docx

2. Move Muscat\khareef.bmp to folder Salalah.

3. Copy SpecialText.pdf file in the folder Muscat. 4.

Delete Nizwa folder.

5. Close all folder and files from this exercise and compress your id folder using WinZip or .rar

program.

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Exercise 2

1. Create the following structure of the folders and subfolders as shown in the picture.

U0 Your Id

Name of your college

Your section FP-IT YourName

2. Using MS-word, create a file and type ― How are you ? # % & [ ] ^ { }‖ as shown with in

double quotes and all symbols in same order. Save it as YourHealth in the folder YourName.

3. Using Notepad, create a file and ―type this is my Practice‖. Save this file in the folder Name of

your college.

4. Create a file using paint, Draw a picture as shown below and save the file as FirstDrawing. in

the folder YourName.

5. Copy the only circle from file FirstDrawing into the word file YourHealth. Save it as

FirstHealth in the folder YourName.

6. Open file FirstHealth save it in Pdf format as MyFirstHealth in the folder FP-IT. 7.

Copy YourHealth file into the folder YourSection.

8. Create a folder HappyHome in the folder YourSection. 9.

Copy the folder HappyHome to YourName folder.

10. Close all the files and folders, Compress yourid folder using rar program.

18


Chapter Three: Word Processing using Microsoft Word 2010

Topics:

Formatting Documents

Controlling page layouts

Working with tables and pictures

Printing Documents

Microsoft Word Environment

Starting ―Microsoft Word 2010‖

File Extension:

Screen Layout

Save a Document

Working with Text

Find and Replace

Microsoft Word Help

Changing measurements

Exercises

37


Introduction to Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word is a powerful tool to create professional documents, letters, applications, memos etc.

Microsoft Word Environment

Starting "Microsoft Word 2010":

Two Ways

1. Double click on the Microsoft Word icon on the desktop.

2. Click on Start -->All Programs --> Microsoft Office --> Microsoft Word 2010

File Extension:

File extension of MS Word 2010 is .docx

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Screen Layout:

Document View:

Print Layout: View the document as it will appear on the printed page.

Full Screen Reading: View the document in full screen reading view in order to maximize the space available for reading or commenting on the document.

Web Layout: View the document as it would look as Web page.

39


Outline: View the document as an outline and show the outlining tools.

Draft: View the document as a draft to quickly edit the text.

Working with Files

Create a New Document Click the File Menu --> New --> Blank document --> Create Press CTRL+N (depress the CTRL key while pressing "N") on the keyboard.

Open an Existing Document Click the File Menu --> Open

Click the File Menu --> Open button Press CTRL+O on the keyboard.

Each method will show the Open dialog box. Choose the file and click the Open button.

Switching between/among documents: Move the pointer on taskbar, MS Word icon and all the opened MS Word files will appear in a small screen. Moving the pointer on the required file will switch the cursor in it.

40


Save a Document

Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar --> Select File Menu --> Save Press CTRL+S on the keyboard.

Other saving options are: Save As (or Function Key: F12)

(Save As option is used to save the existing file at another location with the same name or same location with another name, or with another application and extension)

Working with Text Typing and Inserting Text To insert the text, type from key board and as a result the text will appear on the screen, at the location of blinking cursor. Right, left, up or down arrow keys (buttons) can be used to move the cursor or we can also use the left button of the mouse. Following shortcuts are helpful for the movement of cursor.

41


Move Action Beginning of the line

End of the line Top of the document End of the document

Keystroke HOME

END CTRL+HOME

CTRL+END

Selecting Text If you want to change the attributes of the text, it should be highlighted. Drag the mouse over the required text and keep the left mouse button, pressed. Or hold down the SHIFT key from the key board and use the arrow key (left, right, up or down) to select the desired text. Following shortcuts are helpful for the selection of a portion of text:

Selection Whole word Whole paragraph Several words or lines Entire document

Technique double-click within the word triple-click within the paragraph drag the mouse over the words, or hold down SHIFT while using the arrow keys choose Home Menu--> Select -->Select All or press CTRL+A

Deselect the text by clicking anywhere outside of the selection on the page or press any arrow key on the keyboard.

Deleting Text There are two keyboard keys (BACKSPACE and DELETE) to delete the text. Backspace key is used to delete the text to the left of the cursor and Delete key is used to delete the text from the right of cursor. If you want to delete a large amount of text, highlight the text and press the DELETE key to delete the text.

Undo

We can undo our last action by clicking the Undo button on the

Quick Access Toolbar --> (Shortcut Key: Ctrl + Z)

Repeat

Repeat (Redo) is the opposite of Undo. You Redo your last action by clicking the Repeat button on

the Quick Access Toolbar --> (Shortcut Key: Ctrl + Y)

Moving (Cutting) Text Select the text that you want to move and click the Cut button on the Home menu , or press CTRL+X from the Keyboard. This will move the selected text to the clipboard and will disappear the text from the word file.

42


Copying Text Select the text that you want to copy and click the Copy button on the Home Menu , or press CTRL+C to copy the text to the clipboard.

Paste Text Move the cursor to the required place where you want to move the text and then click the Paste

button on the Home Menu , or press CTRL+V.

Find and Replace Find and Replace is a feature of Microsoft Word 2010 that will search your documents for the specific text, entered by you, that can be highlighted or can be replaced with text or formatting.

Accessing the Find Dialog Box To find some text, first of all you have to click the Find Button, and as a result you will get Navigation dialog box, where you can enter your search criteria.

From the Home Menu, click FIND

OR

Press [Ctrl] + [F]

Accessing the Find and Replace Dialog Box

Replacing Text

We can replace the existing, specific text in the document with the specific, desired text.

From the Home Menu, click REPLACE OR Press [Ctrl] + [H]

As a result, Find and Replace dialog box will appear, where you can enter the Find what and Replace with text.

43


Changing the measurement units: (Inches, Centimeters, Millimeters, Points, Picas)

Step1). File Options Step2). AdvancedDisplay

(Step 1)

44


Microsoft Word Help

We can use the MS Word Help feature to get the help on MS Word issues. Use the help feature and type the following search "Descriptions of SmartArt graphics" and have a look on it.

Click Help button () OR Press F1 Key

45


(Exercise 1)

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Type the following in new document: Apply the text font Arian Rounded MT Bold, size 12 Save the document on the desktop with the name Wordfile.docx OR: Save the document at the location, given by your instructor

Close the file Wordfile.docx Open the file Wordfile.docx, again Add the title "Word Exercise" Apply the bullets and Numbering Format the bullets color to green Color the bulleted list in Orange and main title in Dark Red Copy the second paragraph to the end of file (Copy and paste) Delete the bulleted item Modem Save your work, close the document and exit Microsoft Word.

46


13. Assignment (Complete it, before next lecture): Type the following text (Font: Castellar 15). Save the file with the name Assignment.docx

E-Learning

―E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a trend to move toward blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations.

Bates and Poole (2003) and the OECD (2005) suggested that different types or forms of e-learning can be considered as a continuum, from no e-learning, i.e. no use of computers and/or the Internet for teaching and learning, through classroom aids, such as making classroom lecture PowerPoint slides available to students through a course web site or learning management system, to laptop programs, where students are required to bring laptops to class and use them as part of a face-to-face class, to hybrid learning, where classroom time is reduced but not eliminated, with more time devoted to online learning, through to fully online learning, which is a form of distance education.

It can be seen then that e-learning can describe a wide range of applications, and it is often by no means clear even in peer reviewed research publications which form of e-learning is being discussed. However, Bates and Poole argue that when instructors say they are using e-learning, this most often refers to the use of technology as classroom aids, although over time, there has been a gradual increase in fully online learning.‖

47


(Exercise 2)

1. Start Windows 2. Start Microsoft Word 3. Open the file Assignment.docx (Question 12, Last Exercise) 4. Practice the Print Layout, Full Screen Reading, Web Layout, Outline, Draft and understand the difference (Use View Menu) 5.

6. 7.

Change the measurement unit and set it to Millimeters (File Menu Word options Advanced Display)

Practice the options View Ruler, Gridlines and Zoom options. Change the text font to Comic Sans MS size 11

Line and Paragraph Spacing

Show Paragraph dialog box

8. Delete any empty line in the document 9. Main Title Format: Font Size 14, Bold, Italic, Underline and Centered.

10. Paragraph 1 Formats: Set the line spacing of the text to Double

Icon Home Menu --> Line and Paragraph Spacing Icon: ( )OR (Use Home Menu Paragraph (Show Dialog Box Button) Line Spacing) OR Page Layout Menu Paragraph (Show Dialog Box Button) Line Spacing)

48


(Figure 10.1) OR

(Figure 2 of Page)

Indentation: Left & Right: 0.4 Inch. (Page layout--> Paragraph dialog box button-->Indentation) OR (Iconic options--> Figure 2 of Page)

Paragraph Spacing: Before 12 Point - After: 30 Point (Page layout--> Paragraph dialog box button-->Indentation) OR (Iconic options--> Figure 2 Page)

Line Spacing: 24 Point (Line Spacing --> At least --> 24 Point)

11. Paragraph 2 Formats Alignment --> Right

Paragraph Spacing --> 18 Point Indentation-->First Line --> 0.75 Inch (Indentation --> Special --> First Line)

49


12. Paragraph 3 Formats Alignment --> Centered Indentation-->Hanging --> 0.9 Inch (Indentation --> Special --> Hanging) Paragraph Spacing--> After: 22 Point

Paragraph 3 Border: Setting: 3D, Style: , Color: Orange, Width:

(Figure 17.1) (Figure 17.2) 13. Page Setup (Page Layout--> Page Setup) Bottom Margin : 1.3 Inch Top Margin: 1.4 Inch Left Margin: 1.4 Inch Right Margin: 1.5 Inch Orientation: Landscape Paper Size: A5 Gutter: 0.5 Inch Gutter Position: Top 14. Water Mark: Welcome to SQU 15. Page Color: Aqua, Accent 5, Lighter 60% 16.

Style: Any

17. Page Border: --> Setting: Box, Style: Any, Color: Green, Width:

50


18. Perform the Word Count. (Review Menu--> Word Count) Icon:

19. Perform a Spelling and Grammar checking to the document. (Review Menu: Spelling and Grammar)

20. Search for the word ―online‖ and replace it with word ―electronic‖ 21. Search for the text E-Learning and replace it with the same text, formatted in: Font Color: Green Underline style: Double Line Underline Color: Light Blue Effects: Strikethrough 22. Add a page number to your document Position: Bottom of the Page (Accent Bar 3) (Insert Menu--> Page Number) 23. Add header to the document, showing the phrase ―Online Learning‖ at the right and your name and SQU-ID at left (e.g. Ahmad-u93211). (Insert Menu--> Header) 24. Add footer to the document, showing the time at the left side and Date at the right side. (Insert Menu--> Header) 25. Add four footnotes to the document: (Use: References Menu--> Insert Footnote)

Position End of Title

Blended: First Paragraph End of 2nd Paragraph

rd End of 3 Paragraph

Mark 12

4

Text Electronic Education through computer

Combination of face to face and online learning No area limitation for the learner

All the learning process through computer 26. Delete the footnote with mark 2.

51


27. Apply Superscript and Subscript to the following text:

3Y4 + 92X7 + 44N2 - 82Y2

Use: Shortcuts Superscript: Ctrl + Shift + = Subscript: Ctrl + = 28. Format the first letter of the second paragraph --> Drop Cap with lines to drop = 4.

(Use: Insert Menu--> Drop Cap) Icon ( )

52


29. Split text of the third paragraph into three columns and insert a line between the columns.

53


(Exercise 3) 1) Start Microsoft Word 2) Insert the following table in a new file

Students' Table (SQU)

Student# Name Subject General

93445 Computer Salim

Welcome

93446 Ahmad Data Structure

93447 Nauma Interior n Design

Height: 1.04"

Width: 1.39"

93448 Usman Algorithms

General Manager

Manager 1 Manager 2 Manager 3

Assistant

Manager

93449 Shakeel Artificial Intelligence

93449 Badar Java 100

80

60

40

20

0

English

I.T.

Mathematics

54

Ahm

a Al

Sal

i

Abd

ulla

3) 4) 5) 6)


Format the table title, font face = ―Calibri‖, size 17, bold and underlined. Format the table text, font face = ―Batang‖ in bold, Green color. Format the text of the first row in italic and dark red color. Apply Shading to the 2nd column of the table with color = ―Aqua, Accent 5‖, Patterns (Style) 5% and color= Dark Blue.

2013

OR

7) Insert a new row to the end of the table: 93451 Jamel Oracle

8) Insert a new column before the table: Serial#

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

55


9) Set the height of third row to 35 point. 10) Set the width of column 1 to 1 Inch.

11) Copy the table on the next page

12) Delete the second table

13) Insert the following Textbox at the right side of the table, created in Q 2).

Kuwait is an Arab

country in southwest Asia

on the southeast

coast of the

Arabian

Shadow Effects Drop Shadow Shadow Style 1 Shape Outline Blue Weight 3 pt Shape Fill Olive Green, Accent 3, Lighter 40%

Peninsula. It is bordered by the

United Arab

Emirates on the northwest,

Saudi

Arabia on the

(Insert Menu: )56

west and Yemen

on the

southwest. The coast is

formed by the Arabian

S

e

a

on

the southeast and the

Gulf of Oman on the northeast.


14) Insert following equations using Equation Editor: (Insert Menu: )() ( )

( ) ( )

a= [ ] and ( )

()

15) Insert the following symbols: (Insert Menu: )®µ¥

57


16) Insert Endnote with the following text "End of Microsoft Word 2010 (Foundation Program, SQU)"

17) Print 20 copies of the last page using an Attached Default Printer and 20 copies using the Network Printer:

58


Chapter Four: Spreadsheets using Microsoft Excel 2010

Objectives: This module will introduce the students the basic features of Microsoft Excel 2010 and its environment. During the discussion the students will learn how to create, save and open a workbook. They also practice to navigate within the workbook by moving, selecting data and entering data in the worksheet. They can learn using some basic features of Excel by moving, copying, and pasting cells, Undo and Redo, data AutoFill and getting Help.

What is Spreadsheet? Spreadsheet is a computer application that helps in processing of tabular information usually numbers. There are vertical columns and horizontal rows. A cell is where the column and row intersect. A cell can contain data and can be used in calculations of data within the spreadsheet. Spreadsheet can contain workbooks and worksheets. The workbook is the holder for related worksheets. Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program in the Microsoft Office system. You can use Excel to create and format workbooks (a collection of spreadsheets) in order to analyze data and make more informed business decisions. Specifically, you can use Excel to track data, build models for analyzing data, write formulas to perform calculations on that data, pivot the data in numerous ways, and present data in a variety of professional looking charts. Common uses of spreadsheet like: accounting, budgeting, billing and sales, reporting, planning, tracking, using calendars.

Microsoft Excel 2010 Environment

Workbook

Quick Access Toolbar

Tabs Show/Hide Ribbon

Name Box

Row Headings

Active Cell

Formula Bar

Worksheet

Ribbons

Column Headings

Sheet Tab Status Bar Gridlines

59

Cell


Worksheet: is the grid of cells where you can type the data. The grid divides your worksheet into rows and columns. A worksheet in Excel 2010 consists of 16,384 columns and over 1 million rows. The worksheets in turn are grouped together into a workbook. By default each workbook in Excel 2010 contains 3 blank worksheets, which are identified by tabs displaying along the bottom of your screen. By default the first worksheet is called Sheet1, the next is Sheet2 and so on as shown here.

Quick Access Toolbar: A small toolbar on top of the screen next to the Excel logo contains shortcuts for some of the most common commands such as Save, Undo, and Redo buttons. The commands are groups into range of Tabs, and then into various Groups within each Tab. Different Tabs contain the command buttons for different functions. Sometimes the Tab will change automatically depending on the current tasks, sometimes it will need to be changed manually to find required command.

Name box: Displays the address of the current active cell where you work in the worksheet.

Formula bar: Displays the address of the active cell on the left edge, and it also shows you the current cell's contents.

Columns: are identified with letters (A, B, C, and so on), while Rows are identified with numbers (1, 2, 3, and so on).

Active Cell: The active cell has the dark border and the column and row indicators are colored.

Cell: is identified intersection of each column and row. Each cell has its own unique cell address, which includes both the column letter and the row number. For example, C5 is the address of a cell in column C (the third column), and row 5 (the fifth row).

Sheet Tabs: Excel 2010 contains 3 blank worksheet tabs by default. Click on the intended tab will go to the particular worksheet.

Status bar: Reports information about the worksheet and provides shortcuts for changing the views (Normal, Page Layout and Page Break) and the zoom (dragging the slider to change).

Gridlines: The vertical and horizontal grids that you see when opening the Excel worksheet. You can set to turn it off if you want.

Ribbon: A combination of old versions menu bar and toolbar, arranged into a series of tabs ranging from File through View. Each tab contains buttons, lists, and commands. A contextual tab is a special tab that offers extra commands.

60


Commonly utilized features are displayed on the Ribbon. To view additional features within each group, click the arrow at the bottom right corner of each group.

2013

File: This tab replaces the Office Button in Excel 2007. Use this tab to do things such as opening, saving, printing files and so on.

Home: Use this tab when creating, formatting, and editing a spreadsheet.

Insert: Use this tab when adding particular elements (including graphics, table, PivotTables, charts, hyperlinks, headers and footers) to a spreadsheet.

Page Layout: Use this tab when preparing a spreadsheet for printing or reordering graphics on the sheet (including changing theme, setting margins, graphic orientations).

Formulas: Use this tab when adding formulas and functions to a spreadsheet or checking a worksheet for formula errors.

Data: Use this tab when importing, querying, outlining, and subtotaling the data placed into a worksheet's data list.

Review: Use this tab when proofing, protecting, and marking up a spreadsheet for review by others.

View: Use this tab when changing the display of the Worksheet area and the data it contains.

Getting Started with Excel

Excel 2010 offers a wide range of customizable options that allow you to make Excel work the best for you.

To access these customizable options Click the File Tab Click Excel Options

General

These features allow you to

personalize your work environment with the mini toolbar, color schemes, default options for new workbooks, customize sort and fill sequences user name and allow you to access the Live Preview feature. The Live Preview feature allows you to preview the results of applying design and formatting changes without actually applying it

61


Formulas

This feature allows you to modify calculation options, working with formulas, error checking, and error checking rules.

Proofing

This feature allows you personalize how word corrects and formats your text. You can customize auto correction settings and have word ignore certain words or errors in a document through the Custom Dictionaries.

Save

This feature allows you personalize how your workbook is saved. You can specify how often you want auto save to run and where you want the workbooks saved.

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Advanced

This feature allows you to specify options for editing, copying, pasting, printing, displaying, formulas, calculations, and other general settings.

Customize

Customize allows you to add features to the Quick Access Toolbar. If there are tools that you are utilizing frequently, you may want to add these to the Quick Access Toolbar.

Getting Help Type text at the Search Box and press Enter to search a topic.

Click this icon at the top right section of Excel environment or Press F1 to your keyboard to Open the Excel Help window.

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WORKING WITH WORKBOOK

Creating a New Workbook

To create a new workbook Click the File Tab Select New Choose Blank Document Click Create Icon.

If you want to create a new workbook from a Template, explore the templates and choose one that fits your needs.

You can also create a new workbook using the Quick Access Tool Bar.

Saving the Workbook

To save a worksheet Click the File Tab Click Save.

You may need to use the Save As feature when you need to save a workbook under a different name or to save it for earlier versions of Excel.Remember that older versions of Excel will not be able to open an Excel 2007 worksheet unless you save it as an Excel 97-2003 Format.

To use the Save As feature Click the File Tab Click Save AsType in the name for the Workbook In the Save as Type box.

You can also create a new workbook using the Quick Access Tool Bar.

Opening a Workbook

To open an existing workbook Click the File Tab Select Open from the Menu Browse to the workbook Choose the title of the workbook you want to open Click Open Button.

Navigating Around the Worksheet The Active Cell is a single cell currently selected with a dark outline with a small square in the lower right-hand corner called the fill handle. There are several ways to select a particular cell as the active cell:

click on it with the mouse (left button);

press the arrow (,,,) keys;

move the horizontal&/or vertical sliders, then click on it;

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press the Page Down and Page Up keys, then click on it; Some other moves that can be used:

Home key; Ctrl-Home key combination;

Ctrl key in combination with one of the arrow keys;

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Pressing the End key (once, briefly) sets the ―End‖ mode, and following that with a

press of one of the arrow keys again moves the active;

Double clicking on one of the borders of the active cell

press the Ctrl-g o r(F5) key (the Go To key) and enter the cell address on the Reference section of the Go To Dialog Box

Entering Data To enter data in an active cell Click in the cell where you want the data to be entered Begin typing

To enter data into the Formula Bar Click the cell where you would like the data to be entered Place the cursor in the Formula Bar Type in the data

The TEXT is aligned within the cell to the Left. The NUMBER is aligned within the cell to the Right.

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MANIPULATING DATA

Selecting Data

To select a cell of data Click the cell.

To select a block of cells Select a small, rectangular block of cells, e.g. the block defined by cells B2 and J6, called cells B2:J6 in spreadsheet terminology.

Click on cell B2 Hold down the Shift key Click on cell J6 or;

Click and Drag the cursor from cell B2 to cell J6.

To select a row or column Click the Row Header or Column Header Column Header

Row Header

Moving, Cutting, Copying, Pasting Cells To copy and paste a data Select a cell that you wish to copy Click Copy on the Clipboard Group of the Home Tab or (Press Ctrl - C) Select the cell(s) where you would like to paste the data Click Paste on the Clipboard Group of the Home Tab or (Press Ctrl - V).

To cut and paste a data Select the cell(s) that you wish to cut Click Cut on the Clipboard Group of the Home Tab or (Press Ctrl-X) Select the cell(s) where you would like to copy the data Click Paste on the Clipboard Group of the Home Tab or (Press Ctrl - V).

To move a selected data Drag it to a new location of the cell or from one row or column to another.

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Auto Fill The Auto Fill feature fills cell data or series of data in a worksheet into a selected range of cells. If you want the same data copied into the other cells, you only need to complete one cell. If you want to have a series of data (for example, months of the year) fill in the first two cells in the series and then use the auto fill feature. To use the Auto Fill feature:

Click the Fill HandleDrag the Fill Handle to complete the cells

Drag the AutoFill Handle

Undo and Redo To undo or redo the most recent actions On the Quick Access Toolbar Click Undo or Redo

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LABORATORY EXERCISE 1

Open the Excel file Navigation and do the following instructions.

1. What is the address of active cell? ________ ________

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What is the data in cell C4? What is the data in cell J6? What is the address of the last column of the first row (Press Ctrl-)? How many rows are in an Excel worksheet (Press Ctrl-)? What is the cell address of the last (right-bottom) cell? Use the Ctrl-g key (or F5) to go to cell B7 Click Ctrl - twice. What is the data in cell B63?

________ ________ ________ ________

________ ________

8. Press Ctrl- once. What is the data in cell J34? 9. Use the Ctrl-g key (or F5) to go to cell AE6. What is the data in this cell?

10. With cell AE6 as your Active Cell Press Home key. What is the address of the active cell now?

11. Move to cell B6 Press Ctrl- twice. What is the address of the active cell now?

12. Click END quickly and then Press . What is the address of the active cell now? 13. Press Ctrl-Home to go to cell A1 Enter your first name in that cell Press

ENTER once you are finished typing your first name. What is the address of the active cell?

14. Double-click on your first name. Add your last name after your first name. Click on your name again Double-click on your first name in the formula bar Press DELETE key to delete your first name Press DELETE key again to delete the space before your last name Press ENTER to finish editing. What now is the data in cell A1? Delete the content of cell A1.

15. Use AutoFill to add the following text to cell A7: EMP_6 and A8: EMP_7. 16. Edit the data in cell 7 EMP_6 to EMP_8. 17. Add the following data to the cell:

________

________ ________

________

________

C7-80.1 D7-99.10 E7-75.50 F7-90.00 G7-80.90 H7-90.50 I7-80.15 J7-75.50

C8-85.1 D8-99.50 E8-79.50 F8-95.50 G8-85.90 H8-95.10 I8-85.15 J8-85.50

18. Select cell range AE1:AE7. Cut and Paste to cell range K2:K8. 19. Open Help window and search for the topic ―Create a Formula‖ and copy and

paste the sentence ―Formulas are equations that can perform calculations, return information, manipulate the contents of other cells, test conditions, and more. A formula always starts with an equal sign (=)‖ to cell A20. Close Help window.

20. Save As the workbook using the following filename format: Navigation Result.

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WORKING WITH WORKSHEET Objectives:

This module covers formatting cells and worksheets. The students gain knowledge in formatting cells like number formats, cell alignment, font format, border, fill color and merging of cells. Students can learn how to insert and delete cells, rows and columns and worksheet as well as change column width and row height and hide and unhide rows and columns and worksheet.

Formatting Cells

There are several tabs on this dialog box that allow you to modify properties of the cell or cells.

Number: Allows for the display of different number types and decimal places

Alignment: Allows for the horizontal and vertical alignment of text, wrap text, shrink text, merge cells and the direction of the text.

Font: Allows for control of font, font style, size, color, and additional features

Border: Border styles and colors

Fill: Cell fill colors and styles

Formatting Number To format numbers Select the cells you want to format the number Select the options of the Number Group

The above icons can be used to change Accounting

Number Format Percentage, Add Comma,

Increase and Decrease Decimals

Increase Decimal: Show more precise value by showing more decimal places; Decrease Decimal: Show less precise values by showing fewer decimal places;

Comma: Display the value of the cell with thousands separators. This will change the format of the cell to Accounting without a currency symbol;

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Percentage: Display the value of the cell in percentage; Accounting Number Format: Select to change or select currency formats.

You can also change Number formats in the following categories: Number, Currency, Accounting, Date, Time, Percentage, Fraction, Scientific, Text, Special, Custom by opening the Format Cells Dialog Box in Number Tab.

Aligning Cell Contents

To align cell contents Click the cell or group of cells you want to align and click on the options within the Alignment Group on the Home Tab or; Open Format Cells Dialog Box Select Alignment Tab

The text within a cell can align horizontally or vertically: Top Align : Aligns text to the top of the cell; Middle Align: Aligns text between the top and bottom of the cell; Bottom Align: Aligns text to the bottom of the cell; Align Text Left: Aligns text to the left of the cell; Center: Centers the text from left to right in the cell; Align Text Right: Aligns text to the right of the cell

Orientation alignment: Rotate a text to a diagonal angle or vertical orientation and often use for labeling narrow columns.

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Decrease Indent: Decreases the indent between the left border and the text; Increase Indent: Increase the indent between the left border and the text

Wrap Text: Make all contents visible within a cell by displaying it on multiple lines.

Formatting Font

Select the cells that you would like the font to be formatted In Font Group of the Home Tab Select the Font Type, Size, Color and Style or; Open the Format Cells Dialog Box Select Font Tab to format the Fonts

Merge Cells

To merge cells select the cells you want to merge Click the Merge & Center button on the Alignment Group of the Home Tab.

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The four choices for merging cells are: Merge & Center: Combines the cells and centers the contents in the new, larger cell; Merge Across: Combines the cells across columns without centering data; Merge Cells: Combines the cells in a range without centering; Unmerge Cells: Splits the cell that has been merged

Adding Cell Border

To add borders select group of cells Click the Borders drop down menu on the Font Group of the Home Tab Select the appropriate border or; Select the More Borders from the drop down menu to open the Format Dialog Box Select Border Tab

Adding Cell Color

To apply cell color select a cell or group of cells Click the Fill drop down menu on the Font Group of the Home Tab Select the appropriate color or; Open the Format Dialog Box Select Fill Tab

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Inserting Cells, Rows, and Columns To insert cell Click Insert Icon in the Home Tab of Cells Group Select Insert Cells

To insert row Place the cursor in the row below where you want the new row Click Insert Icon in the Home Tab of Cells Group Select Insert Sheet Rows

To insert column to column of Cells Columns

column Place the cursor in the the left of where you want the new Click Insert Icon in the Home Tab Group Select Insert Sheet

Deleting Cells, Rows, and Columns

To delete cells Click Delete Icon in the Home Tab of Cells Group Select Delete Cells

To delete row Place the cursor in the row where you want to delete Click Delete Icon in the Home Tab of Cells Group Select Delete Sheet Rows

To delete column Place the cursor in the column where you want delete Click Delete Icon in the Home Tab of Cells Group Select Delete Sheet Columns

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Column Width and Row Height

To change the width of a column or the height of a row Click the Format Icon on the Cells Group of the Home Tab Manually you can adjust the height and width by clicking Row Height or Column Width

To use AutoFit click AutoFit Row Height or AutoFit Column Width

Hide or Unhide Rows or Columns

To hide or unhide rows or columns Select the row or column you wish to hide or unhide Click the Format button on the Cells Group of the Home Tab Click Hide & Unhide

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MODIFYING WORKBOOK

Format Worksheet Tab

To rename the worksheet Tab Open the sheet to be renamed Click the Format Icon on the Home Tab of the Cells Group Select Rename SheetType in a new name Press Enter

To change the color of a worksheet Tab Open the sheet to be change color Click the Format Icon in the Home Tab of the Cells Group Select Tab Color Choose the color

Moving the Worksheets in a Workbook

To move worksheets in a workbook Open the workbook that contains the sheets you want to rearrange Click the Format Icon in the Home Tab of the Cells Group Select Move and Copy Sheet

You can also Click and Hold the worksheet tab that will be moved until an arrow appears in the left corner of the sheet Drag the worksheet to the desired location.

Inserting Worksheets

To insert a worksheetOpen the workbook Click the Insert Icon on the Cells Group of the Home Tab Select Insert Sheet

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Deleting Worksheets

To delete a worksheetOpen the workbook Click the Delete Icon on the Cells Group of the Home Tab Select Delete Sheet

Copy and Paste Worksheets

To copy and paste a worksheet Click the tab of the worksheet to be copiedRight click and choose Move or Copy Choose the desired position of the sheet Click the check box next to Create a Copy Click OK

Hide and Unhide Worksheet

To hide or unhide a worksheet Right-click on any worksheet tab Click Hide or Unhide Choose the worksheet to hide or unhide

You can also use this to insert, delete, rename, move or copy, format Tab Color Sheets by right clicking your mouse positioning on the Sheet Tab.

Conditional Formatting

Highlighting interesting cells, emphasize unusual values, and visualize data using Data Bars, Color Scales, and Icon Sets based criteria.

To use conditional formats Select the group of cells Click Conditional Formatting Icon in the Styles Group of the Home Tab Select the item for formatting.

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Create a New Blank Workbook do the following instructions in Sheet 1: 1. Type the following data to cell:

Cell Text Cell Text A2 Omar Pharmacy C3 Price A3 Medicine D3 Quantity B3 Code Number E3 Total

2. Change the width of Column B to 13. 3. Type the following data:

Cell Text Cell Text A4 Amydramine A7 Mixavit A5 Betadine A8 Vermox A6 Corsodyle

4. Change the width of Column A to 12. 5. Type the following data to cell. Change the Number Format to Text before typing.

Cell Text Cell Text B4 01-2201 B7 01-4023 B5 03-1011 B8 08-1473 B6 03-2176

6. Type the following data to cell range C4:C8. Change the format to Number and Decimal places to three after typing.

Cell Text Cell Text C4 0.835 C7 2.055 C5 1.230 C8 4.100 C6 0.620

7. Type the following data to cell:

Cell Text Cell Text D4 23 D7 7D5 9 D8 2D6 13

8. Rename the Sheet 1 as Seeb Branch. 9. Insert a Row after Omar Pharmacy or Row2. Insert Two Rows after Row 3. 10. Insert a Column after Column B. Type "Seeb Branch" in cell A4 and ―Expiry Date" in cell

C6. 11. Insert a Row between Rows 6 and 7. 12. Type the following data to cell range C8:C12. Change the Number format to Date format 14-

Mar-01 before typing.

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Cell Text Cell Text C8 3/3/2006 C11 8/30/2009 C9 7/27/2007 C12 12/25/2010 C10 11/5/2008

13. Change the format of cellA2

to: Font Type : Arial Size : 14

14. Change the format of cell C4 to: Font Type : Arial Size : 13

Style : Color :

Style : Color :

Bold, Underline Red

Bold, Italics Blue

15. Merge and center the cell range A2:G2 and cell range A4:G4. 16. Underline the cell range A6:F6 and centered alignment. Put Cell Shading to Light Blue. 17. Type ―Total Average Difference‖ in cell G6. 18. Change the format of cell range D6:F6 and remove the underline.

Alignment : Horizontal As Center; Vertical As Bottom Orientation : 90 degree.

19. Change the Row Height of Row 6 to AutoFit Row Height. 20. Wrap Text and Center the content of cell G6 and change the column width to 11. 21. Use All Borders to cell range A6:G12. Place tab color for Seeb Branch to Light Blue. 22. Hide Seeb Branch Sheet. 23. Save the workbook as WorksheetResult.

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FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS Objectives:

This module will focus on using formulas and functions. The students will learn in creating formula to Excel. They will apply the common functions SUM, AVERAGE, MIN and COUNT as well as the IF conditional function. Students will use relative, absolute and mixed formula in computation of data at the same time in linking worksheets of the same workbook.

Formula

A formula is a set of mathematical instructions that can be used in Excel to perform calculations.

There are 4 elements of a formula: References: The cell or range of cells that you want to use in your calculation; Operators: Symbols (+, -, *, /, etc.) that specify the calculation to be performed; Constants: Numbers or text values that do not change; and Functions: Predefined formulas in Excel

To create a basic formula in Excel, Select the cell for the formulaType = (the equal sign) and the formula Click Enter

Functions A function is a built in formula in Excel. A function has a name and arguments (the mathematical function) in parentheses.

The following are common functions in Excel: SUM: Add all cells in the argument; AVERAGE: Calculates the average of the cells in the argument; MIN: Finds the minimum value; MAX: Finds the maximum value; COUNT: Finds the number of cells that contain a numerical value within a range of the argument.

To calculate a function Click the cell where you want the function applied Click the Insert

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Function Icon in Formula Tab Choose the function Click OK

Function Library

The function library is a large group of functions on the Formula Tab of the Ribbon.

These functions include: AutoSum: Easily calculates the sum of a range; Recently Used: All recently used functions; Financial: Accrued interest, cash flow return rates and additional financial functions; Logical: And, If, True, False, etc.; Text: Text based functions; Date & Time: Functions calculated on date and time; Math & Trig: Mathematical Functions.

The IF statement

A logical function which returns one of two specified values; test condition, flow of calculations is dependent on whether the condition is true or false.

Syntax of Excel IF statement: if(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)

Relative and Absolute and Mixed References

A relative reference is calling cells by just their column and row labels. When a formula contains relative referencing and it is copied from one cell to another, Excel does not create exact copy of the formula. It will change cell addresses relative to the row and column they are moved to.

Relative Reference

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To prevent this change, cells must be called by absolute referencing and this is accomplished by placing dollar signs "$" within the cell addresses in the formula.

Absolute Reference

Mixed referencing can also be used where only the Row or Column fixed.

Mixed Reference

Linking Worksheets

A linking worksheet is when you want to use the value from a cell in another worksheet within the same workbook in a formula.

Sheet 1 Sheet 2

Total Sheet

For example, the value of cell C5 in Sheet 1 and cell C5 in the Sheet 2 can be added using the format "sheetname!celladdress".

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The formula for this example would be "=Sheet 1!C5+Sheet 2!C5" where the value of cell C5 in Sheet 1 is added to the value of cell C5 in Sheet 2 as shown in Total Sheet.

To do this, In Total Sheet type equal sign (=) in cell A2 Click Sheet 1 Select cell C5 Type plus sign (+) Click Sheet 2 Select cell C5 Press Enter key.

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Open the Excel file Formula and apply the following instructions to the worksheet.

1. Unhide the Seeb Branch Sheet.

2. Calculate Total in cell F8 as Price * Quantity using the following formula: F8 = D8 * E8. Use AutoFill to copy the format of the formula to cell range F9:F12.

3. Get the minimum value of Price using the MIN function in cell D15. Use AutoFill to get the value of Quantity and Total in cell E15 and F15 respectively. D15 = MIN(D8:D12)

4. Get the maximum value of Price using the MAX function in cell D16. Use AutoFill to get the value of Quantity and Total in cell E16 and F16 respectively. D16 = MAX(D8:D12)

5. Calculate the average of Price using AVERAGE function in cell D17. Use AutoFill to compute the average of Quantity and Total in cell E17 and F17 respectively. D17 = AVERAGE(D8:D12)

6. Calculate the Total Average Difference in cell G8 for each medicine as:

G8 = Total(F8)-Average(F17).

Use referencing for your formula to get the correct data. Use AutoFill to copy the format of formula from cell G8 to cell range G9:G12.

G8 = F8-F$17; G9 = F9-F$17; G10 = F10-F$17; G11 = F11-F$17; G12 = F12-F$17

7. Create a copy of Seeb Branch Sheet at the end of the sheet. Rename the sheet to Muscat Branch.

In Muscat Branch Sheet do the following instructions:

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8. Change the Tab Color to Light Green. 9. Change the content of cell A4 to Muscat Branch. 10. Change the contents of cell range E8:E12: Cell

E8 E9 E10 E11 E12

Text 19 11 17 53

11. Move Muscat Branch Sheet after Seeb Branch Sheet.

12. Create a copy of Seeb Branch Sheet at the end of the sheet. Rename the new sheet to Total Sales Sheet.

In Total Sales Sheet do the following instructions:

13. Change the Tab Color to Red. 14. Delete Rows 3, 4, 15, 16 and 17. 15. Delete Columns E and G. 16. Delete the contents of cell range E6:E10. 17. Calculate the Total Sales in cell E6 of the Medicine sold in both branches as Total from Seeb

Branch +Total from Muscat Branch. Note: Use linking worksheet to get the formula.

='Seeb Branch'!F8+'Muscat Branch'!F8 OR

=SUM('Seeb Branch'!F8,'Muscat Branch'!F8)

18. Use AutoFill to copy the formula to cell range E7: E10. Format the Price values in OMR Currency.

19. Type the following data to cell: Cell F4 G4 H4

Text Ratio Total Rate Difference Rate

20. Calculate the Ratio of the Total in Total Sales Sheet in cell F6 as

Total from Seeb Branch / Total from Muscat Branch

21. Use AutoFill to copy the formula to cell range F7:10. Format the Ratio values in Percent Style and two decimal places.

22. Calculate the Total Rate in cell G6 of Total Sales Sheet as: If the Total (E6) is greater than 20 then Total Rate is "High" otherwise Total Rate is "Low"

(IF Total > 20 THEN display HIGH ELSE display LOW)

23. Use AutoFill to copy the formula to cell range G7:G10.

24. Calculate the Difference Rate in cell H6 of the Total Sales Sheet as:

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If the Difference of Total (F8) from Seeb Branch and Total (F8) from Muscat Branch is greater than zero then Difference Rate is ―Up‖ otherwise Difference Rate is ―down‖

IF(Seeb Branch!F8-Muscat Branch!F8 > 0; Up; Down)

25. Use AutoFill to copy the formula to cell range H7:H10.

26. Use All Borders to cell range A4:H10. 27. Wrap Text and Center the cells G4 and H4. 28. Change the width of Column H to 11. 29. Merge and Center A2:H2. General Formats:

30. Format the negative values of Total Average Difference in Red for Seeb and Muscat Branch

Sheet 31. Hide Column C in the Seeb and Muscat Branch Sheet. 32. Hide Row 7 in the Seeb and Muscat Branch Sheet. 33. Delete Sheet 2 and Sheet 3. 34. Save the workbook as FormulaResult.

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CREATING AND FORMATTING CHARTS

Objectives:

This module covers the creation and formatting of charts in Excel. The student creates and format different types of charts with labels, legends, and many other features using the chart tools.

Excel Chart

The Excel Chart also known as graph is a visual representation of numeric values. Displaying data in a well-conceived chart can make your numbers more understandable. Before creating a chart, you must have some numbers or data in the cells in a worksheet. This data that chart uses can be resides in a single worksheet or use data that is stored in other worksheets.

Create a Chart

To create a chart Select the cells that contain the data you want to use in the chart Click the type of Chart you want to use in the Chart Group of the Insert Tab or; Click All Chart Types to open the Insert Chart dialog box and choose from all available chart types.

Chart Tools

The Chart Tools appear on the Ribbon when you click on the chart. The tools are located on three tabs: Design, Layout, and Format.

When you have selected a subtype, a chart will be created as an object in the worksheet and Chart Tools will appear on the Ribbon incorporating Design, Layout, and Format Tabs.

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Within the Design Tab you can control the chart type, layout, styles, and location.

Within the Layout Tab you can control inserting pictures, shapes and text boxes, labels, axes, background, and analysis.

Within the Format Tab you can modify shape styles, word styles and size of the chart.

Modifying the Chart

Move the chart to other location of the same worksheet or to other Sheets.

Click the Chart and Drag to other location on the same worksheet; or

Click the Move Chart button on the Design tab Choose the desired location either a New Sheet or a current sheet in the workbook

To modify the Labels and Titles Click the Chart on the Layout Tab Click the specified icon

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To modify the Chart Title To modify the Data Labels To modify the Legend

To modify Data Table

A chart axis title is text that defines the category or the unit of measurement on an axis. For a normal chart, you need to give a horizontal and vertical chart axes to make your chart more meaningful.

To give a Chart Axis Title

To change the data included in the Chart Click the Chart Click

the Select Data Button on the Design Tab

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Format Chart Title Dialog Box

The Chart Title Text Box will be inserted into the change to change the chart title.

You can also format the chart title: Choose More Title Options from the option to open the Format Chart Title dialog box Select the category option and do the formation needed The generally available categories are Fill, Border Color, Border Styles, Shadow, 3-D Format and Alignment Click Close button after you finish

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1. Create a new workbook and type the following data in Sheet 1:

2. Create a 2-D Clustered Column Chart to plot the Moth, Predicted and Actual Values. 3. Insert the following to the Chart:

Chart Title Axis Titles

Legend

Rain Fall

::

:

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Above Chart ―2013 Rain Fall‖ Primary Horizontal Title Below Axis ―Month‖ Primary VerticalHorizontal Title ―Rain Fall‖ Show at the Right

2013 Rain Fall

Predicted

Actual

Jan Feb Mar Apr

Month

4. Add the following data to cells: D1-―Real‖, D2-250, D3-200, D4-300, D5-150 5. Insert a new Chart with the following format to a new sheet with the name ―Bar Chart‖.

Chart Type : Bar Chart - Clustered Horizontal Cylinder Data Range : A1:D5; Data Table : Show Data Table Chart Title : Above Chart - Predicted, Actual and Real Chart Gridlines : Show Minor and Major Gridlines in both Primary Horizontal and

Primary ` Vertical

Legend : Show at Left; Wall Color : Gray

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Predicted, Actual and Real Chart

Apr

Mar

Feb

2013

Reak

Actual

Predicted

Jan

0 100 200 300

Jan Feb Mar Apr

Reak 250 200 300 150

Actual 100 300 150 150

Predicted 300 250 200 100

6. Add the text ―Total‖ to cell E1 and in E2 compute the SUM for each Month for Predicted, Actual, and Real columns. Use AutoFill to copy the same format for E3 to E5.

7. Create a new Chart with the following format: Chart Type : 3-D Exploded Pie Chart Data Range : A2:A5 and E2:E5. Move the Chart to New Sheet with the name ―Total Chart‖ Chart Title : Above - Total in Months, Fill - Solid in Green, Border in Blue Colors,

Font Type - Georgia, Size - 20 Legend : Show Bottom Data Labels : Percentage, Inside End, Border Color-Solid in Black,

Total in Months

27%

16%

26%

31%

Jan Feb Mar Apr

8. Save the workbook with a filename ChartResult.xlsx.

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PAGE PROPERTIES AND PRINTING Objectives:

This module will discuss page properties and printing. The students will learn creating header and footer to the worksheet. They can apply page properties by using the page margins and orientations in excel. They will apply also the print titles and print areas feature of excel program.

Creating a Header or Footer

To create a header or footer Click the Header & Footer Icon in the Text Group of the Insert Tab to display the Header & Footer Design Tools Tab

To switch between the Header and Footer click the Go to Header or Go to Footer Icon. To insert text to the header or the footer Enter the text in the header section or footer section. To enter pre- programmed data such as Page Numbers, Date, Time, File Name or Sheet Name Click the appropriate button. To change the location of data Click the desired cell

You can also insert header and footer from Page Setup Dialog Box on the Header and Footer Tab.

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Set Page Margins

To set the page margins Click the Margins Icon in the Page Setup Group of the Page Layout Tab Select one of the given choices, or Click Custom Margins Complete the boxes to set margins Click OK

Page Orientation

To change the page orientation from portrait to landscape or vice versa Click the Orientation Icon in the Page Setup Group of the Page Layout Tab Choose Portrait or Landscape

Set Page Breaks

You can manually set up page breaks in a worksheet for ease of reading when the sheet is printed. To set a page break Click the Breaks Icon in the Page Setup Group of the Page Layout Tab Click Insert Page Break

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Setting Print Titles and Print Area

The Print Titles function allows you to repeat the column and row headings at the beginning of each new page to make reading a multiple page sheet easier to read when printed.

To print titles Click the Print Titles Icon in the Page Setup Group of the Page Layout Tab Click the box to select the rows/columns to be repeated Select the row or column Click the Select Row/Column Button Click OK

2013

To print area select group of cells to print Click the Print Area Icon in the Page Setup Group of the Page Layout Tab Select Set Print Area from the list or; you can open the Page Setup Dialog Bog on the Sheet Tab

Sorting and Filtering Sorting and Filtering allow you to manipulate data in a worksheet based on given set of criteria.

To execute a basic descending or ascending sort based on one column Highlight the cells that will be sorted Click the Sort & Filter Icon on Sort and Filter Group of the Home Tab Click the Sort Ascending (A-Z) button or Sort Descending (Z-A) button

To sort on the basis of more than one column Click the Sort & Filter Icon on Sort and Filter Group of the Home Tab Choose which column you want to sort by first Click Add Level Choose the next column you want to sort Click OK

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Filtering

Filtering allows you to display only data that meets certain criteria.

To filter Click the column or columns that contain the data you wish to filter Click the Filter Icon on Sort and Filter Group of the Home Tab Click the Arrow at the bottom of the first cell Click the Text Filter Click the Words you wish to Filter

To clear the filter click the Sort & Filter button Click Clear

Freeze and Unfreeze Columns and Rows

You can select a particular portion of a worksheet to stay static while you work on other parts of the sheet. This is accomplished through the Freeze Rows and Columns Function.

To Freeze a row or column Click the Freeze Panes Icon on Window Group of the View Tab Either select a section to be frozen or click the defaults of top row or left column

To unfreeze Click the Freeze Panes Icon Click Unfreeze

Consolidate the Data

To summarize and report results from separate worksheets, you can consolidate data from each separate worksheet into a master worksheet. The worksheets can be in the same workbook as the master worksheet or in other workbooks. When you consolidate data, you are assembling data so that you can more easily update and aggregate it on a regular or ad hoc basis.

To consolidate data Click the Consolidate Icon on Data Tab of Data Tools Group.

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Open the Excel file PagePrint and do the following formats:

1. Set the Page Layout of the following Sheets:

Midterms and Finals Sheets:

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Orientation : Portrait Margins : Top and Bottom - 1‖, Left - 1.5, Right - 1.2;

Center on Page - Horizontally Paper Size : A4

Total Marks and Pie Chart Sheets: Orientation : Landscape Margins : Top and Bottom - 1‖, Left - 1.5, Right 1.2

Center on Page - Horizontally and Vertically Scaling : Fit to 1 (Total Marks Sheet only) Scaling : 50% (Pie Chart Sheet) Paper Size : A4

2. Insert Header and Footer to all the Sheets: Header :

Footer :

Left Section - Student ID Number Center Section - Your Name Right Section - Section Number Left Section - Filename Center Section - Current Date Right Section - Page Number

3. Insert Page Break to Midterms and Finals Sheets from cell A20. 4. Sort Student Number in Midterms Sheet by Descending order. 5. Sort the Name of Students in Finals Sheet by Ascending order. 6. Sort the Grades of Students in Total Marks Sheet from Highest marks. 7. Filter the list of students in Midterms Sheet by Female Gender. 8. Filter the list of students in Finals Sheet by Male Gender. 9. Filter the list of students in Total Marks by those who has PASS Remarks only. 10. Freeze the Midterms Sheet starting from Row 5. 11. Freeze the Total Marks Sheet starting from Column B. 12. Set the Print Area of Total Marks Sheet from cell range A1:H15. 13. Set the Print Titles of Midterms and Finals Sheet to: Rows to repeat on top Row 1 and Row 2. 14. Save the workbook with the filename PagePrintResult.

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Practice/Take Away Exercises Open ExcelAssign file and reproduce the excel sheets shown using the following format:

1. Save As the workbook ExcelAssign to the following filename format:

IDNumber_Name_SectionNumber - e.g. u12345_Ali_10

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2. Rename the sheets to: Sheet1 Spring; Sheet2 Fall; and Sheet3Total Sales. Tab Color for Spring Sheet - Blue, Fall Sheet - Red, and Total Sales Sheet - Green.

3. Change the Text Format of the main headings for all the Sheets ( A1) to: Font Type : Georgia Font Size : 16 Font Style : Bold, Italic, Underline Color : Dark Blue

4. Change the Text Format for the sub-headings for all the Sheets (A3) to: Fount Type : Georgia Font Size : 14 Font Style : Bold Color : Red

5. In Spring and Fall Sheets set the following format: Row 5 : Bold, Bottom Border Cell Range B5:D5 : Alignment Rotate Text Up

6. Unhide Row 11 and move the data in G2 and H2 to cell A15 and B15 in Spring Sheet. 7. In Spring Sheet set the following format:

Cell F5 : Italic Cell G5 : Wrap Text Cell A11 : Bold, Wrap Text Cell G2 and H2 : Bold, Outside Border, Shaded Green Color

8. Unhide Row 11 and 12 in Fall Sheet. 9. Change format to the following in Fall Sheet:

Cell F5 : Wrap Text Cells A5, A11, A12 : 45 Degrees Orientation Cell range A11:F12 : Border Outside, Line Color Blue

Shading Light Blue, Alignment Centered 10. Unhide Column A and B in Total Sales Sheet. 11. In Total Sales Sheet change the following format:

Cell A5 and B5 : Bold, Underline 12. Change the date format of cell A17 to 14-Mar-01 and add current time in A16 with the format

1:30 PM. 13. Merge and Center the cell range A1:G1 and A3:G3 in Spring Sheet. 14. Merge and Center the cell range A1:F1 and A3:F3 in Fall Sheet. 15. Insert a row after Row 3 in Spring and Fall Sheets. 16. Enter Sales in cell C5 both in Spring and Fall Sheets and place the following formats:

Font Size : 12 Font Type : Georgia Font Style : Bold and Italics Border : Outside Border, Border Line Color is Blue,

Shading Color is Light Blue 17. Set the column widths of the following both in Spring and Fall Sheets.

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Column A : 11 Column B, C and D : 8Column E : 10

18. Set the column widths of the following in Total Sales Sheet. Column A : 11

Column B : 10 19. In Total Sales Sheet set the following:

Insert 2 columns before Column A; Merge and Center the cell range A1:F1; Merge and Center the cell range of A3:F3; Add a Bottom Border to the cells A1 and A3.

20. Set the Row Height of cell A1 in all the worksheet to 30. 21. In Spring Sheet perform the following calculations:

In cell E7 get the SUM of the Monthly Sales for March, April and May. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in E8 to E10.

Compute the SUM of the Month's Sales in cell B12. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in C12 to E12.

Change the number format of cell range B12:E12 to Currency($) with two(2) decimal places.

In cell F7 compute 2013 = Total(E7) * Change(H2). Use Absolute Reference. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in F8 to F10.

In G7 compute %Spring = Total(E7)/Monthly Total(E12). Use Absolute Reference. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in G8 to G10.

Change the number format of cell range G7:G10 to Percentage (%).

22. In Fall Sheet perform the following calculations:

In cell E7 get the SUM of the Monthly Sales for September, October and November. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in E8 to E10.

Compute the AVERAGE of the Month's Sales in cell F7. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in F8 to F10. Format the Average values in two (2) decimal places.

In B12 get the Maximum value of Month's Sales. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in C12 to F12.

In B13 get the Minimum value of Month's Sales. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in C13 to F13.

23. In Total Sales Sheet perform the following calculations:

In cell D6 get the Total = Sum of the Total(E7) in Spring Sheet and Total(E7) from Fall Sheet. Use AutoFill to copy the formula format in D7 to D9.

Format the cell range: D6:D9 to English US Currency Format.

24. In Total Sales Sheet add the following text to cell E5 - ―Remarks‖. 25. Get the value of Remarks from cell range: E6:E9 if the Total (D6) is more than or equal to

$100.00, remarks is ―HIGH‖ otherwise it is ―LOW‖. Use IF statement. Use AutoFill to copy the format of formula to E7:E9.

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26. Change the Text Color to Red if the remark is LOW and GREEN if it is HIGH using Conditional Formatting.

27. Create Chart for Spring Sheet: Chart Type : Stacked Column in 3-D Area Data Used : Cell range A6:E6; A7:E7 and A9:E9 Chart Tile : Above Chart - ―Bike/Horse Tours Sales" Axis Titles : Primary Vertical - Rotated Title - ―Sales‖ Legend : Show at the Bottom

28. Unhide Fall Chart from the workbook. Make a copy at the end of the workbook and rename with the name Spring Chart.

29. Change the format of the Chart Chart Type : Column Clustered Cylinder Data Used : Cell range A6:D10 Chart Title : Above Chart, Font Type - Georgia, Font Size - 32, Border-Solid-

Color Black, Fill-Solid - Light Blue Color Axis Titles : Primary Horizontal - Below Axis - ―Activity‖

Primary Vertical - Horizontal Title - ―Sales‖ Legend : Show at the Right Data Table : Show Format Chart Wall : Fill - Gradient of any color

30. Create Chart for Total Sales Sheet: Chart Type : Exploded Pie in 3D Data Used : Cell Range C6:C9 and D6:D9 Chart Title : Above the Chart - ―Total Sales For Spring/Fall‖ Legend : Show Overlay at Left Data Labels : Percentage, Outside End, Fill - Solid - Light Blue Color Move the Chart to a New Sheet with the name Total Sales Chart 31.

Move to end the Fall Chart Sheet. 32. Move to end the Total Sales Chart Sheet.

33. Header and Footer for all the Sheets: Header Left -Your Name; Center - Sheet Name; Right - ID Footer Left - Current Date; Center - Page Number; Right -Section Number

34. Change the Page Orientation of Spring and Total Sales Sheets to Landscape and Fall Sheet to Portrait.

35. Set Page Margins to all the Sheets to: Top and Bottom - .75‖; Left - 1‖ Right - 1.5‖ and Center Page Horizontally and Vertically.

36. Set Page Breaks to Spring Sheet starting from Row 40. 37. Set Print Titles to the following: Spring and Fall Sheet - cell range A1:A5; and Total Sales

Sheet - cell range A1:A3. 38. Set Print Area in all the Sheets from cell range: A1:H13. 39. Save the workbook.

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Chapter Five: Presentations using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

Getting Started Adding Content

What is PowerPoint? Enter Text Starting PowerPoint 2010 Spell Check Presentations Create a Table Navigation Adding a Picture Slide Views Adding ClipArt Help Adding Shapes

Adding SmartArt Customize Adding a Photo Album

Adding Video

General Proofing Save Language

Adding Audio Header & Footer Slide Master

Advanced Customize Ribbon

Slide Effects

Basic tasks in PowerPoint

Slide Transitions Slide Animation Animation Preview

Create a presentation Save a presentation Open a presentation

Exercises

Add, copy, rearrange, and delete Laboratory Exercise slides Take Away Exercise

Hide or show a slide Page Setup View a slide show Print a presentation Themes

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GETTING STARTED

What is PowerPoint? PowerPoint 2010 is a visual and graphical application, primarily used for creating presentations. With PowerPoint, you can create, view, and present slide shows that combine text, shapes, pictures, graphs, animation, charts, videos, and much more.

Starting PowerPoint 2010 Click Start - click All Programs - click Microsoft Office - click Microsoft PowerPoint 2010

After starting PowerPoint 2010 you will notice that there are many similar features to previous versions. You will also notice that there are many new features that you'll be able to utilize.

Presentations A PowerPoint presentation is a collection of electronic slides that can have text, pictures, graphics, tables, sound and video. This collection can run automatically or can be controlled by a presenter to be delivered to a specific audience.

Navigation Navigation through the slides can be accomplished through the Slide Navigation menu on the left side of the screen. Also, an outline appears from materials that have been entered in the presentation. To access the outline, click the outline tab.

Slide Views The views in Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 that you can use to edit and deliver your presentation are as follows: Normal view

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Slide Sorter view

Notes Page view

Reading view

Master views: Slide, Handout, and Notes

Slide Show view (which includes Presenter view)

You can find PowerPoint views in two places: On the View tab, in the Presentations Views and Master Views groups. On an easy to use bar at the bottom of the

PowerPoint Window where the main views (Normal, Slide Sorter, Reading, and Slide Show) are available.

Views for editing your presentation There are many views in PowerPoint that can help you create a professional presentation.

Normal view Normal view is the main editing view, where you write and design your presentations. Normal view has four working areas:

Outline tab: This is a great place to start writing your content — to capture your ideas, plan how you want to present them, and move slides and text around. The Outline tab shows your slide text in outline form.

Slides tab: View the slides in your presentation as thumbnail-sized images while you edit. The thumbnails make it easy for you to navigate through your presentation and to see the effects of any design changes. You can also easily rearrange, add, or delete slides here.

Slide pane: In the upper-right section of the PowerPoint window, the Slide pane displays a large view of the current slide. With the current slide shown in this view, you can add text and insert pictures, tables, SmartArt graphics, charts, drawing objects, text boxes, movies, sounds, hyperlinks, and animations.

Notes pane: In the Notes pane, below the Slide pane, you can type notes that apply to the current slide. Later, you can print your notes and refer to them when you give your presentation. You can also print notes to give to your audience or include the notes in a presentation that you send to the audience or post on a Web page.

Note: To view the ruler or gridlines in Normal view, on the View tab, in the Show group, select either the Ruler or Gridlines check box.

Slide Sorter view Slide Sorter view gives you a view of your slides in thumbnail form. This view makes it easy for you to sort and organize the sequence of your slides as you create your presentation, and then also as you prepare your presentation for printing. You can add sections in Slide Sorter view as well, and sort slides into different categories or sections.

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Notes Page view When you want to view and work with your notes in full page format, on the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Notes Page.

Master views The master views include, Slide, Handout, and Notes view. They are the main slides that store information about the presentation, including background, color, fonts, effects, placeholder sizes and positions. The key benefit to working in a master view is that on the slide master, notes master, or handout master, you can make universal style changes to every slide, notes page, or handout associated with your presentation.

Views for delivering your presentation Slide Show view Use Slide Show view to deliver your presentation to your audience. Slide Show view occupies the full computer screen, exactly the way your presentation will look on a big screen when your audience sees it. You can see how your graphics, timings, movies, animated effects, and transition effects will look during the actual presentation. To exit Slide Show view, press ESC.

Reading view Use reading view to deliver your presentation not to an audience (via a large screen, for example), but instead to someone viewing your presentation on their own computer. Or, use Reading view on your own computer when you want to view a presentation not in full-screen Slide Show view, but in a window with simple controls that make the presentation easy to review. You can always switch from Reading view to one of the other views if you want to change the presentation.

Help Microsoft Office PowerPoint Help , which opens the PowerPoint Help pane. You can also open Help by pressing F1.

CUSTOMIZE POWERPOINT

PowerPoint 2010 offers a wide range of customizable options that allow you to make PowerPoint work the best for you. To access these customizable options: Click the File menu - click Options

General These features allow you to personalize your work environment with the mini toolbar, color schemes, personalize your user name and allow you to access the Live Preview feature. The Live Preview feature allows you to preview the results of applying design and formatting changes without actually applying it.

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Proofing This feature allows you personalize how word corrects your text. You can customize auto correction settings and have word ignore certain words or errors in a document through the Custom Dictionaries.

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Save This feature allows you personalize how your workbook is saved. You can specify how often you want auto save to run and where you want the workbooks saved.

Language Using this feature you can change the editing, display, ScreenTip, and Help languages so that they are different languages.

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Advanced This feature allows you to specify options for editing, copying, pasting, printing, displaying, slide shows, and other general settings.

Customize Ribbon Customize ribbon allows you to add commands to the Ribbon.

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BASIC TASKS IN POWERPOINT

Create a presentation You can start a new presentation from a blank slide, a template, existing presentations, or a Word outline.

To create a new presentation from a blank slide: Click the File menu - click New - click Blank

Presentation - click Create button

To create a new presentation from a template: Click the File menu - click New - click Sample

Templates or browse through Office.com Templates

Click the template you choose - click Create button

To create a new presentation from an existing presentation: Click the File menu - click New - click New

from existing Browse to and click the presentation

To create a new presentation from a Word outline: Click the slide where you would like the outline

to begin Click New Slide on the Home tab

Click Slides from Outline

Browse and click the Word Document that contains the outline

Save a presentation 1. Click the File tab, and then click Save As.

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2. In the File name box, type a name for your PowerPoint presentation, and then click Save. By default, PowerPoint 2010 saves files in the PowerPoint Presentation (.pptx) file format. To

save your presentation in a format other than .pptx, click the Save as type list, and then select the file format that you want.

Open a presentation 1. Click the File tab, and then click Open. 2. In the left pane of the Open dialog box, click the drive or folder that contains the presentation

that you want. 3. In the right pane of the Open dialog box, open the folder that contains the presentation. 4. Click the presentation, and then click Open.

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By default, PowerPoint 2010 shows only PowerPoint presentations in the Open dialog box. To view other kinds of files, click All PowerPoint Presentations, and select the type of file that you want to view.

Add, copy, rearrange, and delete slides There are several choices when you want to add a new slide to the presentation: Office Themes, Duplicate Selected Slide, or Reuse Slides.

Add a slide To create a new slide from Office Themes: Select the slide immediately before where you want the new

slide, on the Home tab, in the Slides group, click the arrow below New Slide, and then click the slide layout that you want.

To create a slide as a duplicate of a slide in the presentation: Select the slide to duplicate - click the New Slide button on the

Home tab - click Duplicate Selected Slides

To create a new slide from another presentation: Select the slide immediately before where you want the new

slide - click the New Slide button on the Home tab - click Reuse Slides - click Browse - click Browse File - locate the slide show and click on the slide to import

The new slide now appears both on the left on the Slides tab, where it is highlighted as the current slide, and as the large slide on the right in the Slide pane.

Apply a new layout to a slide To change the layout of an existing slide, do the following: 1. In Normal view, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tab, click the Slides tab, and

then click the slide that you want to apply a new layout to. 2. On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click the new layout that you want.

Copy a slide If you want to create two or more slides that are similar in content and layout, you can save work by creating one slide that has all the formatting and content that both slides will share, and then making a copy of that slide before you add the final, individual touches to each. 1. In Normal view, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tab, click the Slides tab, right-

click the slide that you want to copy, and then click Copy. 2. On the Slides tab, right-click where you want to add the new copy of the slide, and then click

Paste.

Rearrange the order of slides In Normal view, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tab, click the Slides tab, click the slide that you want to move, and then drag it to the location that you want. To select multiple slides, click a slide that you want to move, and then press and hold CTRL

while you click each of the other slides that you want to move.

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Delete a slide In Normal view, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tab, click the Slides tab, right-click the slide that you want to delete, and then click Delete Slide.

Hide or show a slide If your presentation contains slides that provide different levels of detail, perhaps for different audiences, you can hide these slides so that they are not displayed in your main presentation. Note: When you hide a slide, the slide remains in the file even though it is hidden when you run the presentation in Slide Show view. You can switch the Hide Slide option on and off individually for any slide in the presentation. 1. In the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the Slides tab. 2. Do one of the following:

To hide a slide, right-click the slide that you want to hide, and then click Hide Slide.

In the slide thumbnail on the Slides tab, the hidden slide icon appears with the slide number inside.

To re-show a hidden slide, right-click the slide, and then click Hide Slide. Note: If you are in Slide Show view and you decide that you want to show a slide that you previously hid, right-click the current slide, point to Go to Slide, and then click the slide that you want to show.

Note: You can use the Slide Sorter view to add, copy, rearrange, delete, and hide or show a slide.

Page setup Follow these steps only before you add content. If you change the slide size or orientation after you add content, the content may be rescaled. 1. On the Design tab, in the Page Setup group,

click Page Setup. 2. In the Slides sized for list, click the size of paper

on which you will be printing. If you click Custom, type or select the measurements that you want in the Width and Height

boxes. To print an overhead transparency, click Overhead.

3. To set the page orientation for the slides, under Orientation, under Slides, click Landscape or Portrait.

4. In the Number slides from box, enter the number that you want to print on the first slide or handout, with subsequent slides numbered after it.

View a slide show The Slide Show tab of the ribbon contains many options for the slide show. These options include: Preview the slide show from the beginning Preview the slide show from the current slide

Set up Slide Show

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To view your presentation in Slide Show view from the first slide, do the following: On the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide Show group, click From Beginning.

To view your presentation in Slide Show view from the current slide, do the following: On the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide Show group, click From Current Slide.

Set Up Slide Show This option allows you to set preferences for how the slide show will be presented. The options include: Whether the show will run automatically or will

be presented by a speaker The looping options

Narration options

Monitor resolutions

Print a presentation 1. Click the File tab. 2. Click Print, and then under Print, in the Copies box, enter the number of copies that you want to

print. 3. Under Printer, select the printer that you want to

use. 4. Under Settings, do one of the following:

To print all slides, click Print All Slides. To print one or more slides that you selected,

click Print Selection. To print only the slide that is currently

displayed, click Print Current Slide. To print specific slides by number, click

Custom Range, and then enter a list of individual slides, a range, or both. Use commas to separate the numbers and no spaces, for example, 1,3,5-12.

Click the Full Page Slides list, and then do the following: To print one slide on a full page, under Print Layout, click Full Page Slides.

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To print the slides and the speaker notes, under Print Layout, click Notes Pages. To print the outline of the presentation, under Print Layout, click Outline. To print one or multiple slides per page in handout format, under Handouts, click the

number of slides you want per page, and whether you want them to appear in order vertically or horizontally.

5. Click Print.

Themes Themes are design templates that can be applied to an entire presentation that allows for consistency throughout the presentation. To add a theme to a presentation: Click the Design tab Choose one of the displayed Themes or click the Galleries button

To apply new colors to a theme: Click the Colors drop down arrow - choose a color set or click

Create New Theme Colors To change the background style of a theme Click the Background Styles button on the Design tab

ADDING CONTENT

Enter Text To enter text: Select the slide where you want the text - click in a

Textbox to add text To add a text box: Select the slide where you want to place the text box - on

the Insert tab, click Text Box Click on the slide and drag the cursor to expand the text

box - type in the text

Spell Check Click the Review tab - click the Spelling button

Create a Table Place the cursor on the page where you want the new table Click the Insert Tab of the Ribbon Click the Tables Button on the Tables Group. You can create a table

one of four ways: Highlight the number of row and columns

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Click Insert Table and enter the number of rows and columns Click the Draw Table, create your table by clicking and entering the rows and columns Click Excel Spreadsheet and enter data

Adding a Picture Click the Insert tab - click the Picture button - browse to the picture from your files - click the

name of the picture - click insert To move the graphic, click it and drag it to where you want it.

Adding Clip Art Click the Insert tab - click the Clip Art button - search for the clip art using the search Clip Art

dialog box - click the clip art

Adding a Shape Click the Insert tab - click the Shapes button - click the shape you choose - click the Slide - drag

the cursor to expand the Shape

Adding SmartArt SmartArt is a feature in Office 2010 that allows you to choose from a variety of graphics, including flow charts, lists, cycles, and processes. To add SmartArt: Click the Insert tab - click the SmartArt button - click the SmartArt you choose - click the

SmartArt Drag it to the desired location in the slide

Adding a Photo Album The photo album feature allows you to easily create a photo album to share pictures. To create a photo album: Click the Photo Album button on the Insert

tab - click New Photo Album - click File/Disk to add pictures to the photo album - move the pictures up and down in the order of the album by clicking the up/down arrows

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Adding Video Video clips can be added to the presentation. To add a video clip: Click the Video button on the Insert tab Choose Video from File, Video from Web site, or Clip Art Video

To edit the video options: Click the movie icon - click the Format tab

Adding Audio Audio clips can be added to the presentation. To add an audio clip: Click the Audio button on the Insert tab Choose Audio from File, Clip Art Audio, or Record Audio

To edit the audio options: Click the audio icon - click the Format tab or Playback tab below Audio Tools

Header & Footer You can add text (such as your presentation's title, the presenter's name, a file name, company name, and more) to the bottom of one or more slides, handouts, or notes pages in your presentation or to the top of one or more handouts or notes pages in your presentation.

Add a footer to a slide 1. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Header &

Footer. 2. In the Header and Footer dialog box, on the Slide tab,

select the Footer check box, and then type the text that you want to appear in the center bottom of the slide.

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3. To keep the text in the footer from appearing on the title slide, select the Don't show on title slide check box.

4. Do one of the following: To display footer information on the selected slide only, click Apply. To display footer information on all of the slides in your presentation, click Apply to All.

Add a header, footer, or both to a handout or notes page 1. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Header & Footer. 2. In the Header and Footer dialog box, on the Notes and Handouts tab, select the Header or

Footer check box, or both, and then type the text that you want to appear in the center top (header) or center bottom (footer) of each notes page or handout.

3. Click Apply to all.

Add slide numbers, page numbers, or the date and time You can add slide numbers, notes page numbers, and the date and time to your presentation.

Add slide numbers or notes page numbers 1. On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Normal.

Date and time Slide number

2. On the left of your screen, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the Slides tab, and then click the first slide thumbnail in your presentation.

3. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Header and Footer OR click Slide Number. 4. In the Header and Footer dialog box, do one of the following:

If you want to add slide numbers, click the Slide tab, and then select the Slide number check box.

If you want to add notes page numbers, click the Notes and Handouts tab, and then select the Page number check box.

5. If you want to add numbers to all of the slides or notes pages in your presentation, click Apply to All.

6. If you want to change the starting slide number, do the following: 1) On the Design tab, in the Page Setup group, click Page Setup. 2) In the Number slides from box, enter the number that you want to print on the first slide or

notes page, with subsequent slides numbered.

Add the date and time 1. On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group, click Normal. 2. On the left of your screen, on the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the Slides

tab, and then click the first slide thumbnail in your presentation. 3. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Header and Footer OR click Date & Time. 4. In the Header and Footer dialog box, do one of the following:

If you want to add the date and time to your slides, click the Slide tab. If you want to add the date and time to your notes pages, click the Notes and Handouts tab.

5. Select the Date and time check box, and then do one of the following:

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If you want to set the date and time to a specific date, click Fixed, and then in the Fixed box, type in the date that you want.

If you want to specify that the date and time updates to reflect the current date and time each time you open or print the presentation, click Update automatically, and then select the date and time format that you want.

6. If you want to add the date and time to all of the slides or notes pages in your presentation, click Apply to All.

Slide Master A slide master is the top slide in a hierarchy of slides that stores information about the theme

and slide layouts of a presentation, including the background, color, fonts, effects, placeholder sizes, and positioning.

Every presentation contains at least one slide master. The key benefit to modifying and using slide masters is that you can make universal style changes to every slide in your presentation, including ones added later to the presentation. . When you use a slide master, you save time because you don't have to type the same information on more than one slide. The slide master especially comes in handy when you have extremely long presentations with lots of slides.

Because slide masters affect the look of your entire presentation, when you create and edit a slide master or corresponding layouts, you work in Slide Master view.

A slide master in Slide Master view Slide layouts associated with the slide master above it

When you modify one or more of the layouts beneath a slide master, you are essentially modifying the slide master. Each slide layout, is set up differently, yet all layouts that are associated with a given slide master contain the same theme (color scheme, fonts, and effects).

The figure on the right side shows a single slide master with the Austin theme applied, and three supporting layouts. Notice how each of the supporting layouts shown portray a different version of the Austin theme — using the same color scheme, but in a different layout arrangement. Also, each layout provides text boxes and footers in different locations on the slide, and different font sizes in the various text boxes.

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Create or customize a slide master 1. Open a blank presentation, and then, on the View tab, in the Master Views group, click Slide

Master. 2. When you open Slide Master view, a blank slide master with the default, associated layouts

appears. Note: In the slide thumbnail pane, the slide master is the larger slide image, and the associated layouts are positioned beneath the slide master. 3. Create a layout, or customize an existing layout. 4. Add or modify placeholders in your layouts 5. To remove any of the built-in slide layouts that accompany the default slide master, in the slide

thumbnail pane, right-click each slide layout that you want to delete, and then click Delete Layout.

6. Apply a design or theme-based colors, fonts, effects and backgrounds. 7. To set the page orientation for all of the slides in your presentation, on the Slide Master tab, in

the Page Setup group, click Slide Orientation, and then click either Portrait or Landscape. 8. On the File tab, click Save As. 9. In the File name box, type a file name. 10. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Template, and then click Save. 11. On the Slide Master tab, in the Close group, click Close Master View.

SLIDE EFFECTS

Slide Transitions Transitions are effects that are in place when you switch from one slide to the next. To add slide transitions: Select the slide that you want to transition - click the Transitions tab - choose the appropriate

transition

To adjust slide transitions: Add sound by clicking the arrow

next to Sound Specify the length of a transition in

Duration To apply the transition to all slides: Click the Apply to All button on the Transitions tab To select how to advance a slide: Choose to advance On Mouse Click, or after a number of seconds

Slide Animation Slide animation effects are predefined special effects that you can add to objects on a slide. To apply an animation effect:

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Select the object - click the Animations tab - choose the appropriate animation from animation group or click Add Animation from Advanced Animation group then choose the appropriate animation.

Animation Preview To preview the animation on a slide: Click the Preview button on the Animations tab

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EXERCISES

1. Laboratory Exercise1: You are being asked to help create a presentation for a tour company - Alaskan Cruises and Land Tours. This presentation will focus on one of their Alaskan land tours. Follow the directions below to practice with some of the features we will demonstrate today.

Part 1 - Themes, Slide Masters, Footers

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Open the file LandTour.pptx and save it as DenaliTours.

On slide 1, type your name in the subtitle text box.

Apply the Module theme to the presentation. (Design Tab > Themes group)

Switch to Slide Master View (View Tab > Slide Master). In the Title Slide Layout insert the picture file AKRibbon.

Position the graphic along the bottom of the slide.

Click on the Main Slide Master to select it and then add a footer to the presentation (Insert Tab > Header & Footer). Turn

on the Date and Time, set it to Fixed, and turn on Slide Numbers. Be sure to add a check to the box next to ―Don't show on

title slide‖. Click ―Apply to All‖. Close the Slide Master View.

On the last slide only, apply the design theme ‗Trek'. (Design Tab > Right-click on Trek theme > choose ―Apply to

Selected Slides‖)

Save your changes.

Part 2 - Objects, Pictures, SmartArt

8.

9.

On slide 2, change the layout (Home Tab > Layout button) to Two Content and then click the ClipArt icon in the

placeholder and insert a clip art image of a bus (by searching for bus in the Clip Art task pane). Close the Clip Art task

pane.

Increase the size of the clip art so it is approximately double its original width, and move it to a pleasing location on the

slide.

10. Recolor the clip art to ―Aqua, Accent Color 2 Dark‖ (in the Dark Variations section of the Recolor menu). Tip:

Hover over a color and a screen tip will reveal the color's name.

11. On slide 3, change to the Two Content layout so that you can place a picture on the right, and insert the picture file

Naturalist. Apply the picture style ―Reflected Rounded Rectangle‖. (Picture Tools Format tab > Picture Styles

group > 5th choice from left)

12. Increase the size of the Naturalist picture until it is about the same height as the bulleted list.

13. On slide 4, convert the bulleted list to the ―Continuous Block Process‖ SmartArt graphic. (Home Tab > Convert to

Smart Art Graphic> 3rd row, 3rd from left)

14. Challenge (Optional - Working with Shapes): Add a slide (Title Only layout) after slide 5. From the Shapes

menu (on the Insert Tab) select the ―Regular Pentagon‖ shape. Then in the center of the slide, left-click and drag the

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mouse while holding down the Shift key to create a large pentagon. (The shift key forces all five corners to have the

same angle). Position the pentagon in the middle of the slide.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Flip the pentagon so the flat edge is on top and a corner is pointing down. (Drawing Tools Format Tab > Rotate

> Flip Vertical)

Insert a text box on each side of the pentagon, starting with the top and going clockwise with the phrases ―Exciting

tours‖, ―Low prices‖, ―Expert guides‖, ―Full amenities‖, and ―Flexible schedules‖. (Drawing Tools

Format Tab > Text Box)

Rotate (using the green rotational button on each text box) and reposition the text boxes so they are flush with their

respective sides. Press the Alt key if you need to override the snap-to-grid feature.

Hold down the Ctrl key and select all of the textboxes and the shape. Group them to make one object.

(Drawing Tools Format Tab > Group)

15. Save your changes.

Part 3 - Special Effects

16. On Slide 3, apply animation to the bulleted list so that it uses progressive disclosure. Pick your choice of entrance

effect. (Animations Tab > Add Animation > Entrance)

17. In the Animation pane, click the down-arrow next to the first animated item in the list and choose Effect Options. In

the dialog box that appears, be sure the Effect tab is active, and then click the down-pointing arrow in the After Animation:

box and choose a color. Click OK. The animated text will dim to this color after it advances. Click OK.

18. Click the Preview button in the Animations tab to check your animation. 19. Save

your changes.

20. Challenge (Optional - Custom Bullets): On slide 3, add a custom bullet to the bullet library and replace the

current bullets with this one.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Select the bulleted text on the slide. From the Home tab click the down arrow next to the bullets button. Click

Bullets and Numbering at the bottom of the list.

In the Bullets and Numbering dialog box, on the Bulleted tab, click the Picture button. Click the Import button

at the bottom. Find tree.jpg in the Alaska folder, select it, and click the Add button.

Click OK. (You should see the yellow, square bullet change to a small tree.) Save

your changes.

Part 4 - Transitions, Media Clips

21. Apply a slide transition of your choice to all the slides in this presentation. (Transitions Tab > Transition to This

Slide group > choose a transition > Apply to All)

22. Add a new slide just before the final slide using the ―Title and Content‖ layout. In the title placeholder, type

―Adventure Awaits‖.

23. Click the ―Insert Media Clip‖ icon in the content placeholder and add the alaskaclip1.wmv movie clip. Start the

movie ―On Click‖ (Video Tools Playback Tab > Rotate > Start: On Click). Resize the movie clip so that it is larger.

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24. Test the clip by clicking Slide Show view and clicking once on the clip to start the movie clip. Click the ESC button

to exit slide show view. 25. Save

your changes.

26. Challenge (Optional - Create Action Buttons)

a. Create an action button that returns you to the first slide in the presentation. Click on the last slide in the deck.

Click the Insert Tab > Shapes button > Choose the Home button from the Action Buttons series.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Using your mouse left click and drag to place a ‗home' icon in a blank area on the slide. In the Action Settings

dialog box that appears, be sure the radio button is selected next to Hyperlink to: and that ―First Slide‖ shows in the text

box. Click OK.

Now create another action button that will connect you to the website noted on this slide. Choose an action button that

would be appropriate. In the Action Settings dialog be sure the radio button is selected next to ―Hyperlink to:‖ and

choose URL from the drop-down list. Type the URL www.alaskantravelpackages.com into the dialog box that appears.

Test the action buttons by viewing the presentation in Slide Show view.

Save your changes.

2. Take Away Exercise2: In the next instructions, you will be making two slides in PowerPoint. Then, you will make a

duplicate of one of the slides. By the end of the exercise, you will have three slides. You may wish to

replace the suggested text with words more appropriate for your personal needs. You may wish to try

different font styles from the ones that are suggested.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Open a new PowerPoint file. Choose a design Template.

Make a new slide with a bulleted list.

In the title, type: 2005 REVIEW

Make the title: bold, centered, shadow. Use ―Increase Font Size‖ or "Decrease Font Size" to make font size an appropriate

size.

Save as: exercise.pptx

Type two things in the bulleted list:

Sales

GDP and Consumption

7. After GDP and Consumption, hit enter, and then demote (increase list/indent level). Type two more things:

1ST QUARTER: low production 4TH

QUARTER: economic crisis

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8. Increase the font size of your bulleted list two or three times. Then, save.

9. After this slide, insert a new slide in which you will put a title and a graphic.

10. In the title, type: NAME SURNAME'S CHOICE

11. Replace NAME SURNAME with your actual name and surname. 12. Make

the title have similar formatting to the previous slide's title.

13. Insert an Office or Internet graphic in this slide. Make the graphic well organized on the slide. 14. Do a

slide show to see what your slides look like.

15. Animate each slide as follows:

a. 2005 REVIEW: Animate the bulleted list -- not the title -- so that each line of text comes one at a time. b.

NAME SURNAME'S CHOICE: Animate only the picture - not the title.

16. Do a slide show to see what your slide show looks like.

17. Make a duplicate of the 2005 REVIEW slide, and place it after 2005 REVIEW. In the duplicate, change the title to:

2006 FORECAST

18. Edit the text in the new slide as follows:

Expected Sales

GDP and Consumption

1ST QUARTER

2ND QUARTER

3RD QUARTER

4TH QUARTER

19. In your new slide:

a. Change its layout to have two bulleted lists (instead of just one). b. In the

second bulleted list, type the first name of three people.

c. Change the animation so that the first bulleted list, then the second bulleted list, animates line by line.

20. You now have three animated slides. Change the order of the slides so they are in the following order:

a. NAME SURNAME'S CHOICE b.

2006 FORECAST c. 2005

REVIEW

21. Do a slide show to see what your slide show looks like.

22. Save and close.

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Chapter Six: Computer Networks and Internet

Identification of the network A computer network is simply two or more computers connected so they can share resources (such as Files, Drivers, Printer) and exchange information .A small network can be as simple as two computers linked together by a single cable.

Networks Types The types of network are categorized by their scope or scale, common examples of area network types are:

A) LAN - Local Area Network LAN connects networking devices with in short span of area, i.e. small offices, home, internet cafes etc. Since LAN is operated in short area so it can be control and administrate by single person or organization.

B) WAN - Wide Area Network As word ―Wide‖ implies, WAN, wide area network cover large distance for communication between computers. The Internet itself is the biggest example of Wide area network, WAN, which is covering the entire earth. WAN is distributed collection of geographically LANs.

C) MAN - Metropolitan Area Network This kind of network is not mostly used but it has its own importance for some government bodies and organizations on larger scale. MAN, metropolitan area network falls in middle of LAN and WAN, It covers large span of physical area than LAN but smaller than WAN, such as a city.

The benefits of network computing File Sharing: Networks offer a quick and easy way to share files directly. Instead of using a disk

to carry files from one computer or office to another, you can share files directly using a network. Resource Sharing: All computers in the network can share resources such as printers, fax

machines, modems, and scanners. Software sharing: any user of the network can take advantage of the software stored in the

mainframe or another computer connected to the network such as file sharing and the use of e- mail.

Communication: Even outside of the internet, those on the network can communicate with each other via electronic mail over the network system. When connected to the internet, network users can communicate with people around the world via the network.

E-Commerce: You can buy and sell goods and services, marketing and doing business through the network.

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The Risks of network computing There are many risks threatening the computer network, including: virus, spyware, worms, and computer hacking.

Identification of the Internet The Internet is the largest computer network in the world, connecting millions of computers.

The history of the Internet Internet originated in 1969 in the United States of America in support of military research and named it (ARPANET) Orbant Advanced Research Projects Agency, consisted of the network at the time of the four large computers distributed in some universities and research centers. ARPANET has evolved several times over this period until it got to what we have reached the Internet now connect to personal computers distributed all over the world.

Jargon associated with the internet Many terms now in common use on the internet called ―jargon‖. Examples of the internet jargon:

URL: Uniform Resource Locater.

HTML: Hypertext Mark Up Language.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions.

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

ISP: Inter Service Provider.

Browsing the Internet Browser Definition A web browser is the tool that you use to access the WWW( World Wide Web).In order to get the most out of the Web. Internet Explorer is the most popular web browser. Other browsers include Firefox, Chrome, and Safari. Each one has its own look and feel, but they have the same goal: to display web pages correctly.

Browser Tools

Navigation Buttons Address Bar

Search Bar

Bookmarks

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Address Bar Browsers have an address bar that shows the web address URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the page you are on. To go to a different page, you can type an address in the address bar and then press Enter.

Navigation Buttons Sometimes, after you click on a link, you might want to go back to the previous page. You can do this using your browser's Back button. Once you've pressed the Back button, you can press the Forward button to follow the link again.

Search Bar Most browsers have a built-in search bar for performing web searches.

Bookmarks If you've found a page you'd like to go back to later, you can add it to your Bookmarks (sometimes called Favorites). Bookmarks make it easier to find a page later on. Instead of having to remember the exact web address, you can just scroll through your bookmarks until you see the name of the page.

In Internet Explorer, you can add a bookmark by clicking Favorites and then Add to Favorites. Other browsers are similar, but they may use different wording.

Browsing History Suppose you visited a page a few days ago but forgot to bookmark it. You can find the page again by using your history, which is a list of web sites you've visited. Usually, pages will stay in the history for a certain number of days. To maintain privacy, you can delete your history at any time.

Viewing Your History To view your history in Internet Explorer, click Favorites and then click the history tab.

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Deleting Your History In Internet Explorer, click Tools and then Internet Options. From there, you'll be able to delete your History or manage your history settings.

Print web pages When researching online, there are times that you want to print the web page you are viewing so you can have a printed copy of the topic. To print the web page, apply the following step:

1. On the browser's menu bar, go to File > click the Print button. 2. The printer dialog box will appear. Set your printing preferences by clicking Properties button

then on the appropriate tabs. If you only want to print specific pages, set the number of pages you want to print in the Print Range option.

Click the OK button to finish the printing operation.

Built-in Toolbars Internet Explorer has several toolbars, including the Menu bar, the Favorites or Links bar, and the Command bar. There is also, the status bar, which displays messages such as a webpage's download progress.

Show or hide the Toolbars You can show or hide the Menu bar, Favorites or Links bar, Command bar, and status bar, by clicking the Tools button, point to Toolbars, and then click the toolbar you want to show or hide.

Search Engine Search engines are specialized web sites that help you find what you're looking for on the Web. All you have to do is type in one or more keywords, and the search engine will look for matching web sites from all over the Web. There are numerous search engines out there, but the most popular ones are Google, Yahoo, and Bing. Each one has its own unique features, but the process of doing a search is very similar on each.

Using the Search Bar Most browsers have a built-in search bar, located to the right of the address bar. To do a search, just type what you're looking for (known as the search terms) in the search bar, and then press Enter.

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Your browser will then take you to the search engine's web site to show you the search results, which is a list of all of the web sites that contain your search terms.

Electronic mail Is the process of sending and receiving messages over the Internet. An email address is required to send and receive email. They usually consist of three parts: a username, an "at" symbol (@), and a domain name.

username@ domain name

1. Username Located to the left of the @ symbol, a user name identifies your account on the email server that handles the email. For example, Ali might choose "ali" as his username. However, someone may have already chosen ali, so have some other choices ready. Choose a user name that sounds professional and is easy to remember.

2. @ Means "at" and separates your account name and the name of the mail server name. For example, ali "is located at" squ.edu.om. Its address will be [email protected].

3. Domain Name: The domain name usually consists of two pieces of identifying information. The first piece is the name of the email server and is located to the right of the @ symbol. For example, squ is the name of the email server. The second piece, usually a three-letter extension, indicates the top- level domain. Top-level domains help you to know the type of organization the recipient is associated with. See the chart below:

Extension

.com

.g o v

.edu

.net

Meaning

A company or business

US Governmental agency

US Educational institution

ISP or Network Provider

Examples

www.microsoft.com,

www.yahoo.com

www.epa.gov,

www.whitehouse.gov

www.ncsu.edu, www.duke.edu,

www.earthlink.net

If there is a two-letter extension, it is usually a country code. For example, Oman uses ".om"

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Create an e-mail account 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Choose an email service that you prefer (for example: Yahoo, Hotmail, Gmail, etc). Visit the Yahoo Mail home page for creating your own email account at Yahoo. Click on ―Create New Account‖ Button. Fill out the information on the sign up page. Then click on ―Create My Account‖ Button. Your Yahoo account is complete and ready to use. Click continue to log in.

Read an E-mail messages 1) Login to your email account by entering in your account name and password, and then select the

"Sign In" button. 2) Open your inbox by clicking on "Inbox" folder which is on the left-hand side of the Yahoo email

screen. 3) Click on the subject heading of a message to read your inbox messages. 4) Delete inbox messages by clicking inside the box to the left of each message, and then selecting

the "Delete" button either above or below the inbox messages.

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Sending the Message 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Open your e-mail software. From the Message menu, select New Message. A window will open. Type the recipient's e-mail address in the To field. Type an appropriate subject in the Subject Field. Type your message into the message box. Click Send.

Reply to an E-mail Message 1) Open the message. 2) From the Message menu, click on Reply, or click Reply in the toolbar. A new message window

will open. The recipient's address will appear automatically in the To field. The Subject will be the same subject as in the original message, and the content of the original message will usually be included, preceded by > signs.

3) Add your new content to the message.

Forward an E-mail Message 1) Select or open the message you want to forward. 2) Using the Message menu, select Forward, or click Forward on the toolbar. The message you

received will appear in a new message window. 3) Leave the subject field as it is or change it. The subject will typically be preceded by "FW:" so

that your recipients know it's a forwarded message. Type the e-mail address or addresses of the recipients.

4) Edit the text or add new text if desired. 5) Click Send.

Use of Cc and Bcc on E-mail Email programs come with several helpful features. Two features are the Cc: and Bcc: fields. They can each be useful when you want to send an email to more than one person. Cc stands for "carbon copy." Bcc stands for "blind carbon copy."

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The main difference between the "Bcc:" and "Cc:" is in the first word. Every email address that you list in the "Bcc:" field is "blind" or hidden from everyone receiving your message. The "Cc" field simply copies the same message to all recipients without hiding any email addresses.

Send Attachments 1) Click on the ―New ― button in your mail folder to send your email with attachments. 2) Type your message, include a subject and click on the ―Attach ―Button. A new page will open

where you can attach your files. 3) Find the file you wish to attach to your email. Click on the file you want to attach and it will

appear in the file field. 4) Repeat this step with additional attachments until you are finished and then select the 'Attach

Files' button. You will receive a message that you have successfully attached your files.

Create new address list Yahoo mail services provide several useful features, including the ability to organize contacts into separate lists for ease of mailing. This feature allows email users to send private messages to groups of people in their contact list. Apply the following steps to create a new address list: 1. Click "Contacts" then click "Add Category‖. Enter a name for the new category in the box titled

"Category Name". Click "Save‖. 2. Click the "View All Contacts" button. 3. Check the boxes next to the names you wish to include in your new list. 4. Click "Add to Category". Choose the new category from the list. Click "Done".

Add a New Contact to Yahoo Mailing List After logging in, look at the panel of the left side of the screen for the word "Contacts." Clicking on "Contacts" will expand a list of options. If you have already added contacts to a mailing list, the name will be listed here. If you have not already created a mailing list, you will see "Add" next to "Contacts." Click "Add" to create a new mailing list if you do not have one already.

Delete a contact from Yahoo Mailing List Delete contacts from a Mailing List by clicking the drop-down menu "View All Contacts." Select the mailing list's name. This will open up the contacts associated with the category. Place a check mark in the box next to the contact(s) you want to delete, then click "Delete" in order to finish removing them from the category. This step can also be repeated to continually update your mailing list. 1. Click on the "Contacts" tab. 2. Add contacts to the category by checking the box next to a contact's email address and then

clicking "Add to Category". Select the category you'd like the contacts to be added to in order to finish adding the contacts to the category. Repeat this step to continue updating your mailing list.

3. Delete contacts from a category by clicking the drop-down menu "View All Contacts". Select the mailing list's name. This will open up the contacts associated with the category. Place a check mark in the box next to the contact(s) you want to delete, then click "Remove From Category" in order to finish removing them from the category.

Sort Incoming Messages 1) Click on "Inbox". 2) Click on the ―Action‖ Button.

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3) To sort messages, click on the column header that you want to sort by (sender, date, subject or size).

4) One click and your mail is instantly resorted.

Create a Folder in Yahoo E-mail 1) Scroll down the screen until you see "Folders" on the left-hand side of the screen. Click the word

"Add," located next to the word "Folders". 2) Type the name of the folder into the pop-up window and press "Okay." It saves automatically.

Finding messages Yahoo Mail has a powerful search engine included that you can use to look for emails, to search for an email click the Search Mail button in the top Yahoo! Mail navigation bar. Type the term you want to search for.

Sent items Most email applications and Web-based email services employ a sent items folder to store messages you've sent. This folder is useful when you need to refer to a message you sent. If you find old emails that you do not need any longer in this folder, you can delete them. Find the "Sent" folder in the column in the left-hand pane of your Windows Mail. Click on it so it shows your sent items. Click once on an email that you want to delete so it is highlighted. Hit the "Delete" button, the large red "X," on the toolbar.

Deleted Items Deleting a message in Yahoo! Mail moves the file to the Trash folder where the message remains until permanent deletion either by the mailbox owner or by Yahoo.

Spam filtering options Whether it's called "junk email" or "spam," unwanted email can be a nuisance. Email providers such as Yahoo!, Hotmail and Gmail contain spam filters that prevent unwanted emails from entering your inbox. To find your Spam folder click on the "Spam" button located at the left-hand side of your email page.

Security issues in email The lack of adequate email security measures can result in unauthorized access of resources, intrusion of viruses, theft of data, or destruction of technology. A personal email account requires a password, which permits only the owner of the account to gain access.

E-mail options You can change your Yahoo email appearance; signature and auto reply functions by clicking the blue "options" choice and then select mail options from that menu. This is located in the far right corner of your screen. This will open up a new screen, which will display several choices in the left- hand column.

Computer Benefits Computers today are one of the important things we are using. They have helped a lot in compiling a lot data which used to be in hard records. One of the uses or benefits of computers is that they are able to provide and retrieve information so quickly so they have increased the pace of our work. The

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increase in the speed of work has helped us to do many things with less resources like in past a lot of manpower was used for record keeping and files and other things were made to keep the records saved.

This is one use of computers in our lives other than that computers has helped us to work with machines which have the ability to produce the best quality of products with maximum speed and efficiency.

Computer is also helping us in education of children; it has enabled us to get the information form one part of the world to the other at a very rapid pace. So in summary computer today is in every walk of life, and is helping us a lot in developing at a fast pace.

The risk to personal and organizational data The need to keep personal information safe is becoming more important every year. As business communications and transactions continue to move online, the risk of having personal information stolen has increased exponentially. Websites must take greater precautions to protect this information. The techniques used for the protections of personal data: digital certificates, encryption and decryption, firewall.

A) Digital Certificates A digital certificate is an electronic "credit card" that establishes your credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web.

B) Encryption and Decryption Encryption programs encode information so that only authorized users or computers can read it. Encryption software uses a cipher, or algorithm, to create the secret code. Without the correct key, the encrypted message is unreadable to prying eyes. A decryption program's sole purpose is to decode encrypted messages. Naturally, decryption software has both ethical and unethical uses. Some people use it to decrypt personal files, but others use it to make illegal copies of movies and software.

C) Firewall You can implement computer firewalls using both software and hardware, such as routers or similar devices. Firewall are typically designed to be an initial line of computer defense, blocking unauthorized users from accessing computers connected to an Internet-enabled private network. Some types of firewall technology analyze only certain applications, while others analyze information entering and leaving the network, checking each for safety.

Protected Web Site A password-protected website means that only you and users you grant permission to can access it. There are services that will help you add password protection to your website either for free or for a fee.

Protection from hackers The term "hacker" has changed over the years, but it is generally regarded as someone who is a major threat to your computer and security. Many hackers around the world do nothing but steal peoples' identities and information by hacking into their online networks and accounts. With the following steps you can protect yourself from computer hackers:

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1. Install an anti-virus software program on your computer that includes a firewall. 2. Input the strongest passwords you can think of on your online accounts, with a combination of

letters and numbers. 3. Avoid using the same password on all your accounts. 4. Make your wireless network---if you have a wireless router---a secure one that requires a user

name and password. 5. Close out of all your accounts every time you finish using them and avoid using the "Remember

Me" option that automatically remembers the password, allowing anyone to log in from your computer at any time.

IT Stands for "Information Technology," and is pronounced "I.T.". It refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs include computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related occupations. Since we live in the "information age," information technology has become a part of our everyday lives.

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References

1. A Hand Book For FPCS0101 ―Basic Computing Skills (English)‖

2. Knowledge Explorer International Computer Driving License (ICDL) v5.0,

Module 4 Spreadsheet Excel 2007

3. www.gcflearnfree.org

4. www.ehow.com

5. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/powerpoint-help

6. http://www.fgcu.edu/support/office2007/ppt/index.asp

7. http://www.fgcu.edu/support/office2007/Excel/index.asp

8. http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/basic-tasks-in-excel-2010-

HA101829993.aspx

9. http://www.msoffice-tutorial-training.com/excel-2010-tutorials.html

10. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/people/faculty/mrburche/BAE200_10/BAE200schedule_

tentative2010.html

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Computing Skills

Documents

word computer

computer fundamentals

computer networks

processing of data

basic computer operations

handheld computers

family computers

todays computers