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Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?
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Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Jan 19, 2016

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Edith Walker
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Page 1: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Compromises over Slavery

Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Page 2: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

National Unity or Sectionalism?

John C. Calhoun: "The South asks for justice, simple justice, and less she ought not to take. She has no compromise to offer but the Constitution and no concession or surrender to make.”

Daniel Webster: "I wish to speak today, not as a Massachusetts man, not as a northern man, but as an American.... I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause.”

Henry Clay: "I know no South, no North, no East, no West to which I owe any allegiance."

Page 3: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

US Constitution

At the Constitutional Convention, what compromises did the framers make regarding slavery?

3/5 Compromise

Slave Trade Compromise

Page 4: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Missouri Compromise

Page 5: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Tallmadge Amendment: Further slavery would be prohibited in MO Existing slaves would be freed at 25

Henry Clay found a solution MO admitted as a slave state ME admitted as a free state No slavery in Louisiana Territory north of 36˚

30’ parallel

Page 6: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Compromise of 1850

Page 7: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Compromise of 1850

Question of slavery in Mexican Cession Wilmot Proviso- no slavery in Mexican Cession Extension of Missouri Compromise (36 30’) Slavery cannot be excluded from new territories Popular Sovereignty – citizens of territories

should decide for themselves whether or not to have slavery

CA applied for statehood after Gold Rush—state constitution excluded slavery!

Southern “fire-eaters” threatened secession

Page 8: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Compromise of 1850

Page 9: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay helped orchestrate the Compromise of 1850

California free state Popular sovereignty would determine legality of

slavery in territories of Utah and New Mexico Disputed territory b/w Texas and NM awarded to

NM Slave trade (not slavery!) abolished in D.C. New, more stringent Fugitive Slave Law

Page 10: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Kansas Nebraska Act

Page 11: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

After Gadsden Purchase, Illinois Democratic senator Stephen Douglas wanted transcontinental RR for Chicago

Needed Nebraska territory and Southern support Introduced bill to organize Nebraska territory:

Kansas-Nebraska Act Question of slavery would be decided by popular

sovereignty Repealed Missouri Compromise

Realigned party politics

Page 12: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?
Page 13: Compromises over Slavery Why did political compromise fail to solve the issue of slavery in the United States?

Realignment of the Party System

Since 1830s, party system (Whigs & Dems) had limited sectionalism

Sectional, rather than national, parties emerged in mid-1850s Whig party died by 1856; Democrats became Southern

dominated party Know-Nothings (American Party) emerged as an anti-

Catholic, anti-immigrant (nativist) party Republican Party emerged after K-N Act

Comprised of northern Whigs, Free-Soilers, northern Democrats

Opposed extension of slavery – wanted to keep western territories free

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) Douglas defeated Lincoln for senate seat in Illinois