communication presentation

Basics of Communication Skills

and

Types of Scientific Communication

PRSENTED BY:JAVID AHMAD MALIK Pre-Ph.D. student,

GGV Bilaspur, (CG)

WHAT IS

COMMUNICATION???

• Communication is an activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, message or information as speech, visual signals, writing or behavior.

• Communication is not dependent only on ‘words’ ……it can also be through your ‘body language’ and ‘tonality’.

• Communication is an act by which one person gives or receives information from another person.

• Scientific Communication spreads scientific information

among researchers, especially those outside your discipline.

Barrier Barrier

SENDER(encodes)

FEEDBACK/RESPONSE

RECEIVER(decodes)

MEDIUM

The Communication Process

MOST COMMON WAYS WE COMMUNICATE

Visual Images Written Word

Body Language

Spoken Word

FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

• Active Listening

• Eye contact

• Posture

• Simple language

• Questioning skills

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION

• Noise• Inappropriate medium• Assumptions/Misconceptions• Emotions• Language differences• Cultural differences• Poor listening skills• Use of jargon• Distractions

TIPS TO BECOME A BETTER LISTENER

• Don’t talk – listen.• Don’t jump to conclusions.• Ask questions/paraphrase.• Don’t get distracted by the environment.• Keep an open mind.• Be willing to listen to someone else’s point of view and

ideas.• Provide feedback.• Take advantage of your brain power

IMPROVING BODY LANGUAGE - TIPS

• Keep appropriate distance

• Touch only when appropriate

• Take care of your appearance

• Be aware - people may give false cues

• Maintain eye contact

• Smile genuinely

IMPROVING VERBAL COMMUNICATION-TIPS

• Eliminate Noise

• Get Feedback – Verbal & Body Signals

• Speak Slowly & Rephrase your sentence

• Don’t Talk down to the other person

• Listen Carefully & Patiently

TALKING TO THE PUBLIC: GENERAL TIPS• Know your audience. Tailor your presentation accordingly. • Make sure your speech is miniature , memorable (vivid

language), and meaningful (to the audience).

• Use your “speech” as an outline for longer descriptions.

• Use lay terms (no jargon!).

• Point out the broader impacts of your research.

Continue….• Use clear, everyday analogies and gesticulate.

• Convey why your research is meaningful to you

• Be honest about how certain you are of your results, and acknowledge controversies.

• Explain the basics of the scientific process.

• A respectful dialogue with the public is much more effective in finding common ground than a more traditional, instructional monologue. So listen!

MEETING WITH LEGISLATORS

• Before the meeting, identify the main points you want to make, and anticipate questions.

• It is vital to point out the broader impacts of your research.

• Connect your research to positive economic impacts in your area.

• Remember that you are not giving a lecture. Be conversational, yet accurate.

Continue…..• If a legislator repeats a question, it is not necessarily because

s/he is not intelligent, but perhaps your answer was not satisfactory. Please try again

• Be enthusiastic and excited about your own research.

• Using clear, everyday analogies.

• Never read from a piece of paper, although you can use brief notes with your major points as a guide.

Continue….

• Be sure to separate facts from opinions.

• Adding a human interest portion to your meeting or relevant personal information, such as how you got involved in your field of research, humanizes science.

• If you would like, invite legislators and their staff to visit your research facility.

AFTER THE MEETING

• Send a prompt thank-you email or letter.

• Offer to be a future resource on pertinent subjects.

• Follow-up on any questions that you could not answer during the meeting and make yourself available for additional follow-up questions.

• If not done so previously, invite legislators to visit your research facility.

ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATIONDON’Ts

• Do not instantly react and mutter something in anger.

• Do not use technical terms & terminologies not understood by majority of people.

• Do not speak too fast or too slow.

• Do not speak in inaudible surroundings, as you won’t be heard.

Continue…..

• Do not assume that every body understands you.

• While listening do not glance here and there as it might distract the speaker.

• Do not interrupt the speaker.

• Do not jump to the conclusion that you have understood every thing.

In brief

• L = Look interested- Get interested• I = Involve yourself by responding• S = Stay on target• T = Test your understanding• E = Evaluate the message• N = Neutralise your feeling

II. TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

SCIENCE COMMUNICATION

• Science communication generally refers to public communication presenting science-related topics to non-experts.

• Science communication can aim to generate support for scientific research or study, or to inform decision making, including political and ethical thinking.

• Science communication can also simply describe communication between scientists (e.g. through scientific journals), as well as between non-scientists

TYPES• ORIGINAL ARTICLE

They are articles published in scientific journals, ranging from a few to at most a few dozen pages.

They generally have a very schematic structure consisting of;• Abstract• Introduction• Experimental• Results• Discussion• Acknowledgements• References

•

• REVIEW ARTICLE It is an attempt to summarize the current state of

understanding on a topic

• A LETTER TO THE EDITOR A letter to the editor is a letter sent to

a publication about issues of concern from its readers In academic publishing, letters to the editor of an academic

journal are usually open postpublication reviews of a paper, often critical of some aspect of the original paper.

• SHORT COMMUNICATION Basically a research paper of only two to six pages that

presents results of lesser importance

• PRELIMINARY REPORT A preliminary report is a report prepared by a title company

before issuing a title insurance policy.

• CASE REPORT TYPES A detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment

and follow-up of an individual patient. A case report gives the information about a sudden change, like

an epidemiology or sudden reduction in the number of species in a particular area.

BOOK Presents the state of knowledge in a certain field of science in

an easily accessible format. It can be aimed at very different audiences, ranging from

school pupils to other professional scientists

BOOK CHAPTER One of the main divisions of a piece of writing of relative

length

• MONOGRAPH A book, the exact scope of which depends on the area of

research. Literally, it means a work that aims to present all that is known about a specific subject.

• NEWSLETTER A newsletter is a regularly distributed publication generally

about one main topic that is of interest to its subscribers. Newspapers and leaflets are types of newsletters

• BULLETIN A brief news item intended for immediate publication or

broadcast

• THESIS / DISSERTATION The document submitted in support of candidature for an

academic degree or professional qualifications presenting the author’s research and findings

• PROPOSAL A research proposal is a document written by a

researcher that provides a detailed description of the

proposed program.

• POSTER A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached

to a wall or any vertical surface

• CONFERENCE PRECEEDINGS A collection of abstracts, i.e. short summaries of talks or

posters that were presented at a scientific conference, in book form.

THANK YOU