Cold Chain Process

8/3/2019 Cold Chain Process

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Super Floral Show Panel

Presentation

Maintaining the Cold Chainfor Increased Flower

Longevity, IncreasedConsumer Satisfaction, and

Increased Profits


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Panel Members in Order of

Presentations George Staby

Randy Schenauer

Bruce Brady

Dan Gelfman

George Cantafio Bob Wilkins


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Flower Quality Factors as

Influenced by Temperature

George Staby

Perishables Research OrganizationChain of Life Network

PRO Institutes


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When temperatures are too high,the following all change

dramatically Respiration increases

Heat production increases

Vase life decreases

Ethylene-induced damages increase Disease development and growth increases

Leaf yellowing increases Flower fall increases

Premature flower death increases


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Average flower temperatures offlowers arriving in Miami for

Mothers Day, 2007

Origin Crop Boxes

F

C

Bogot Roses 30,329 61.3 16.3Bogot Carns 15,856 60.3 15.7

Medellin Mums 8,485 61.9 16.6

Quito Roses 3,948 63.4 17.4

Quito Other 3,692 63.6 17.5


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Flower temperature and

Respiration As depicted in the following slide, as

temperature increases, respirationincreases very rapidly, which in turn

quickly reduces flower quality and vase life


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Gerbera

y = 18.754e0.0997x

R2 = 0.9676

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Temperature (C)

respirationrate

(mlCO2/kg/hr)


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High transport / storage temperaturesincrease respiration & heat production

rates and thereby decrease vase life

Temperature(degrees F)

Respiration forcarnations &roses (heat

production)

Approximatedecrease in

vase life

compared to32 F

32 92 -

50 280 3.0 times faster




9/25

Flower Temperature and Vase Life

As depicted in the following slide, it is very

common to have flower temperatures varygreatly during shipment from farms in

South America to Miami (dark line), whichresults in significant losses in vase life(yellow line showing about a 40% loss in

vase life even before the flowers areshipped to wholesalers or retailers)


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The Miami Problem

30

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50

60

70

80

90

0 12 24 36 48 60 72

Time (hours)

Tem

per

ature

(F)

50

60

70

80

90

100

%

vaselife

rem

ainin

g

The Miami Problem

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 12 24 36 48 60 72

Time (hours)

Tem

per

ature

(F)

50

60

70

80

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%

vaselife

rem

ainin

g


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Precool Flowers Rapidly for Best

Results As depicted in the following slide, cooling flowers

slowly by just placing them in a cooler results inmore condensate, which in turn results in much

greater chances for the development of the

number one postharvest disease Botrytis,commonly known as grey mold

It is best to cool flowers rapidly after harvest

using forced-air or vacuum precoolers


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Forced air cooling Room cooled


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What are some solutions?

Proper precooling at grower level

Not allowing the flowers to re-warm Concentrate on temperature, not speed

Transport more flowers in sea containers


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Sea Container Transport of

Flowers Wave of the Future?


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Some benefits of sea containers

Bottom air delivery

Discharge temperature control Air circulation not related to compressor motor

Well insulated and fairly air tight

Operates on electricity

Air exchanges can be regulated

Various atmospheres can be used whenappropriate


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More benefits of sea transport

Cold chain maintained

Less costly (about 20-35%) Door to door service available

Longer lasting flowers for consumers Selling while in transit (inventory control)

Mass marketers are use to this system

Gas treatments during transit are possible

Pressure airlines to be more competitive


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Some potential negatives of sea

transport Perception that flowers are old

Some species and/or cultivars will not work Slow to respond to changes in market prices

Some receivers can not handle the volume

Some consolidation and distribution points havenot yet been established

The same way of doing business may not work


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T Floor to allow for better air flow


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T Floor Bulkhead


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T Floor Rear Door


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Proper Loading is Important


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Load Almost to Ceiling


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Results of recent test

Shortest transit time was 1.1 days (airfrom California, 88% VLR)

Longest transit time was 11.5 days (seacontainer shipment from Colombia, 85%

VLR).

Wh ill / h ld d i h h


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Who will / should drive the change

to better cold chain management? Large and progressive wholesalers

Progressive mass market retailers

If we use the UK model of mass marketerscontrolling the distribution chain and

advertise accordingly, we too can doublethe per capita consumption of flowers infive years!

Obt i i fl l th t d


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Obtaining floral postharvest and

marketing informationChain of Life Network website

www.chainoflifenetwork.org

or contact George Staby at

[email protected]

209-295-1577

Skype = georgestaby
http://www.chainoflifenetwork.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.chainoflifenetwork.org/

Cold Chain Process

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