Climbing fern

Page 1 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=1' data-page='1' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 1: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 2 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=2' data-page='2' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 2: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 3 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=3' data-page='3' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 3: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 4 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=4' data-page='4' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 4: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Climbing fern

Page 5 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=5' data-page='5' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 5: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Bird’s net fern

Page 6 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=6' data-page='6' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 6: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 7 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=7' data-page='7' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 7: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 8 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=8' data-page='8' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 8: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 9 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=9' data-page='9' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 9: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 10 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=10' data-page='10' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 10: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Fern frond

Page 11 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=11' data-page='11' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 11: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 12 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=12' data-page='12' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 12: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 13 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=13' data-page='13' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 13: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Fern fiddlehead

Page 14 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=14' data-page='14' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 14: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 15 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=15' data-page='15' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 15: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Frond with sori

Page 16 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=16' data-page='16' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 16: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Frond with sori

Page 17 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=17' data-page='17' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 17: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Sori closed up

Page 18 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=18' data-page='18' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 18: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Page 19 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=19' data-page='19' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 19: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> A Fern Tree

Page 20 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=20' data-page='20' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 20: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Cross section of the stem of a typical fern

xylem phloem

Page 21 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=21' data-page='21' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 21: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Sorus cross section

Page 22 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=22' data-page='22' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 22: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Fern sporangium

Cell with thickened cell wall on it’s 3 sides

spores

Page 23 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=23' data-page='23' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 23: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> Fern prothallus

Page 24 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=24' data-page='24' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 24: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg' width='140' height='200' /> spore germinates into a prothallus

a prothallusfemale sex organ

male sex organ

Female sex organ

Page 25 <img data-url='document/climbing-fern.html?page=25' data-page='25' class='cut-thumb lazyload' alt='Page 25: Climbing fern' loading='lazy' src='data:image/gif;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+P+/HgAFhAJ/wlseKgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==' data-src='https://reader035.cupdf.com/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56813b86550346895da4b15b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg' width='140' height='200' />

Climbing fern

Documents

sori frond

sori sori

fern treecross section

sidesspores fern prothallus

thickened cell wall