Top Banner
40
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Classical period
Page 2: Classical period
Page 3: Classical period

How did the term “classic” originate?The term “classic borrowed from a period in ancient

Greece connotes emphasize on clear-cut structure and on the classical simplicity in style.

When did the Classical Period in Western Music take place?

The Classical period in Western music occurred from about

1750 to 1825. There is considerable overlap at both ends with

preceding and following periods, as is true for all musical eras. The

Classical period falls between the Baroque and Romantic periods.

What were the developments prior to the Classical Period?

In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move to a new

style in architecture, literature and the arts generally, known as

Classicism.

The new style was also pushed forward by changes in the economic

order and in social structure of the line. As of the 18th century progressed,

the nobility more and more became he primary patrons of instrumental

music and there was a rise in the public taste for comic opera. This led to

changes in the way music was performed, the most crucial of which was

the move to standardize instrumental groups.

Page 4: Classical period
Page 5: Classical period

Some of the best known composers from this period are Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven, through other notable names include Muzio Clementi, Joseph Haydn, Johann Ladislaus Dussek, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and ChristophWillibald.

Page 6: Classical period

Franz Joseph Haydn

The Early Classical Period

The first great master of the Classical style was the

composer Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was born in

Austria to a poor family. A schoolmaster noticed how

musical Haydn was and offered to support his education.

At 17, he started to teach himself to compose music by

studying the works of other composers. He served as

Director of Music to the Esterhazy family for 30 years. He

was known as a gentle man and best known for his

symphonies. He was able to compose over 100

symphonies. He developed the symphony into a long form

for a large orchestra, for it was during the classical period

when the orchestra evolved with its sections of strings,

woodwinds, brasses, and percussion. He took existing

ideas, and radically altered how they functioned- earning

him the titles “Father of Symphony. He is considered as

the “Father of Sonata” form which relied on dramatic

contrast and tension of melody against harmony and

rhythm. Another title he earned was the “Father of String

Quartet.” He composed the Creation and Surprise

Symphony.

Page 7: Classical period

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

He is generally considered to be

“one of the greatest composers of

classical music.”Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart His output

of over 600 compositions include works

widely acknowledged as pinnacles of

symphonic genre, concertante,

chamber, piano, operatic, and choral

several of the pieces at the age of four

and he was not only reading notes but

making up tunes of his own. At the age

of thirteen, he had written sonatas,

concertos, symphonies, religious works,

an opera buffs and the operetta

“Bastien and Bastienne”. Mozart’s

music is clear, delicate, and simple. His

major works include Requiem, the

operas Nozze de Figaro, Don Giovanni,

and Die Zauberflote, the clarinet

concerto, the string quartet, the late

Page 8: Classical period

Ludwig Von Beethoven

The Late Classical PeriodLudwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)

represents the highest level of musical

genius. He was born in Bonn, Germany, to

Johann van Beethoven, one of a line of

musicians of Flemish ancestry, and Maria

Magdalena Keverich. Beethoven’s first

music teacher was his father. Beethoven’s

talent was recognized at very early age,

and by 1778 he was studying the organ,

violin, and viola in addition to the piano. In

1787, the young Beethoven traveled to

Vienna for the first time, where he played

for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He

composed Fur Elise and Moonlight Sonata.

He was a talented pianist and composer

and was recognized as the “Prince of All

Composers”. Even if he began to go deaf in

the year 1796, he was still determined to

compose music.

Page 9: Classical period
Page 10: Classical period

What are the general characteristics of the Classical Period?

Music during this period was objective.

The general characteristics of the Classical Period as follows:

Great concern for from, especially the sonata

Attention placed to dynamic markings like piano (soft), forte (loud), etc…

Development of the symphony to the fullest

The new instrument, the piano that captured the interest of the composer

Shorter and more regular melody with regular phrases

Melody- often folk-like in clarity and simplicity

Theme as the basis of expanding the composition

The use of simple chords (I,IV,V, and VI)

The use of Alberti bass accompaniment

Modulation to related minor keys

Balance of structure

Generally homophonic structure

Binary structure was less often used (compared with Baroque period)

Ternary form is more frequently

Less harmonic complexity (compared with Baroque)

Page 11: Classical period

The main characteristics of music in the Classical Period are the following:

Page 12: Classical period
Page 13: Classical period

The Sonata-allegro form:

-offers composers the greatest challenge in organizing musical materials into form.

This form is designed in three large sections: Exposition: first section, where the

keys and themes are “exposed” for the listener. Theme 1 in home key, transition

modulates, Theme 2 in new key, closing section. The exposition is played twice.

Development: the second section. Themes 1 and 2 are fragmented and made into

motives. And recapitulation: the third section. You hear the home key coincide with

Theme 1 again.

Coda: “tail” the very end of a movement. The term sonata developed from an early

Italian word sonare, meaning sound. It originally meant any piece of several

sections that contrast in tempo.

Page 14: Classical period

Rondo form:

An instrumental form that was

popular in the late 18th to early

19th centuries. A rondo has a

main theme (usually in the tonic

key) that is restated several

times as it alternates with other

themes.

Page 15: Classical period

Theme and Variations:

It may be illustrated as A A'A'' A''' A'''', notice

that each successive variation (A' A'', etc)

contains certain elements of the theme (A).

Compositional techniques used to create

variation may be instrumental, harmonic,

melodic, rhythmic, style, tonal and

ornamentation.

Page 16: Classical period

Concerto: is a sonata for solo instrument and orchestra. It is usually designed in three

movements. The highly-developed skill of the soloist and the variety of

possibilities of the solo instrument are shown in most concertos. It has only

three movements: fast, slow, and fast. Lie symphonies, concertos can last from

20-45 minutes.

Page 17: Classical period

is a sonata for orchestra, or, in

recent years, for band. The

traditional symphony has four

individual movements which

are similar in temporary mood,

and form to those of the solo

sonata. Recent composers

have organized the symphony

into more or less movements

and have varied their tempos

and form to suit themselves.

Page 18: Classical period

The Symphonic

Orchestra

Page 19: Classical period

Overtures: an overture is a short piece for an

orchestra. Overtures were

performed before an opera or

play to put the audience in the

right mood. Some are written for

their own sake, unconnected to

play or opera.

Page 20: Classical period

Chamber

music: A lot of chamber music

is classical. Chamber

music is played by

small groups. You may

not hear wide variety

of tones; instead, listen

to how parts are

woven around each

other and pass the

tune between them.

Page 21: Classical period

The String Quartet• A composition for four solo string instruments:

– 2 Violins

– 1 Viola

– 1 Cello

• Each part is equally important.

• Haydn was the first to write one - he also mastered them.

• Piece usually has four movements similar to that of the symphonic form.

Page 22: Classical period

The Opera

The type of opera audiences preferred during this period was the comic opera.

Also known as light opera, this type of opera often tackles light, not so delicate subject

matter where the ending often has a happy resolution. The term opera usually implies a

heroic or tragic drama. This was formerly called opera seria (serious opera) or grand

opera. These kind of opera employs mythological characters.

Page 23: Classical period

Instruments used in Classical

Period

Page 24: Classical period

Modern Flute

Page 25: Classical period

Clarinet

Page 26: Classical period

Oboe

Page 27: Classical period

Basoon

Page 28: Classical period

French Horn

Page 29: Classical period

Valved Trumpet

Page 30: Classical period

Trombone

Page 31: Classical period

Violin

Page 32: Classical period

Cello

Page 33: Classical period

Double Bass

Page 34: Classical period

Viola

Page 35: Classical period

Timpani

Page 36: Classical period

Piano

Page 37: Classical period
Page 38: Classical period
Page 39: Classical period
Page 40: Classical period

Leader: Shachie Garcia

Reporters: Von Lapid

NicoleGutierrez

Researchers:

Harold Ilano

Shy Gitalan

Elizabeth Lim

Isaiah Icalina

Patrick Lozano