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  • HomeHome FREEDownloadEBOOKSFREEDownloadEBOOKS Comput erNetworkingT ipsandT rickForumComput erNetworkingT ipsandT rickForum

    WhatisDHCP(WhatisDHCP(DynamicHostDynamicHostConfigureProtocolConfigureProtocol))

    HowtoConfigureHowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoVLANinCiscoswitchswitch

    HowtomakeHowtomakeBootablePendriveBootablePendriveinWindows7inWindows7withoutany...withoutany...

    Repeater&HUBRepeater&HUB HowtoPreventHowtoPreventinstallingsoftwareinstallingsoftwarefromfromRemovableRemovablemedia...media...

    CCNASecurityOnlineTutorialVideoCCNASecurityOnlineTutorialVideo

    WhatisCCNASecurityWhatisCCNASecurityCCNASecurityCertificationOverviewCCNASecurityCertificationOverviewImpelntingCISCOIOSNetworkSecurityImpelntingCISCOIOSNetworkSecurityDHCPSnoopingDHCPSnoopinghowtosecureyourperimeterrouterhowtosecureyourperimeterrouterSecurityFirewallWithSDMDemoSecurityFirewallWithSDMDemo

    HowtoEnableSSHintheCiscoIOSHowtoEnableSSHintheCiscoIOSHowtoenableSSHandHTTPSaccesstoCiscoRouterHowtoenableSSHandHTTPSaccesstoCiscoRouterAuthenticationServerAuthenticationServer

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    Labels:Labels:CCNASecurityCCNASecurity,,CCNAVideofilesCCNAVideofiles,,CisconetworkingCisconetworking

    CCNPRoutingTutorialVideoinHindiCCNPRoutingTutorialVideoinHindi

    GetDailyGetDailyUpdatebyEmailUpdatebyEmail

    FREENetworkingMaterialFREENetworkingMaterial

    CCNATutorialVideoinHindiCCNATutorialVideoinHindi

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    DownloadNetworkingEBooksDownloadNetworkingEBooks

    DownloadnetworkingPresentationfileDownloadnetworkingPresentationfile

    DownloadNetworkingtutorialvideoDownloadNetworkingtutorialvideo

    ExchangeServertutorialVideoinHindiExchangeServertutorialVideoinHindi

    LinuxTutorialVideoinHindiLinuxTutorialVideoinHindi

    OracleDatabaseTutorialVideoOracleDatabaseTutorialVideo

    VMwaretutorialVideoVMwaretutorialVideo

    RoutingProtocolRoutingProtocol

    OpenShortestPathfirst(OSPF)OpenShortestPathfirst(OSPF)

    EnhanceInteriorGatewayProtocol(EIGRP)EnhanceInteriorGatewayProtocol(EIGRP)

    RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)RoutingInformationProtocol(RIP)

    CategoriesCategories

    BridgeBridge

    CCNPCCNP

    CisconetworkingCisconetworking

    DHCPDHCP

    DNSDNS

    FirewallFirewall

    LAN,MAN,WANLAN,MAN,WAN

    MSOutlookMSOutlook

    NetworkingBasicNetworkingBasic

    OSIModelOSIModel

    ProtocolProtocol

    RepeaterRepeater

    RouterRouter

    RoutingRouting

    RoutingprotocolRoutingprotocol

    SubnetingSubneting

    HOMEHOME NETWORKINGNETWORKING CISCOCISCO LINUXLINUX DOWNLOADDOWNLOAD TUTORIALVIDEOTUTORIALVIDEO TROUBLESHOOTINGTROUBLESHOOTING

    TIPS&TRICKST IPS&TRICKS LINUXVIDEOINHINDILINUXVIDEOINHINDI WINDOWSSERVER2008TUTOTIALVIDEOINHINDIWINDOWSSERVER2008TUTOTIALVIDEOINHINDI

    SERVER2012TUTORIALVIDEOINHINDISERVER2012TUTORIALVIDEOINHINDI

    ComputerNetworkingComputerNetworkingT hiswebsiterelatedtoComputernetworkingandcollect ionof T hiswebsiterelatedtoComputernetworkingandcollect ionof tutorialPPT f iles,PDFf iles,NetworkingT ipsandSolut ion.tutorialPPT f iles,PDFf iles,NetworkingT ipsandSolut ion.

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  • IntroductionofCCNPIntroductionofCCNPIntroductionofIBGPandEBGPIntroductionofIBGPandEBGPFundamentalofBGPFundamentalofBGPCiscoDiscoveryProtocol(CDP)CiscoDiscoveryProtocol(CDP)OSPFNeighborStateInRoutingOSPFNeighborStateInRoutingOSPFMultiAreaConfigurationOSPFMultiAreaConfigurationDHCPConfigurationofCiscoRouterDHCPConfigurationofCiscoRouterEIGRPRedistributionPart1EIGRPRedistributionPart1

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    LinkWit hinLinkWit hin

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    Labels:Labels:CCNPCCNP,,CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,DownloadvideofilesDownloadvideofiles

    BootingProcessofCiscoRouterBootingProcessofCiscoRouter

    BootStrapprogramBootStrapprogram

    When Power on the Router then First it will do POST (Power on Self Test ) . TheWhen Power on the Router then First it will do POST (Power on Self Test ) . ThePOST analyze Hardware Component of Router . It verify that all Router interfacePOST analyze Hardware Component of Router . It verify that all Router interfaceproperlyworkingornot.AfterthePOSTitwillbootitselfwithhelpofProgramwhichisproperlyworkingornot.AfterthePOSTitwillbootitselfwithhelpofProgramwhichisstoreinROM.storeinROM.

    SwitchSwitch

    VLAN(VirtualLAN)VLAN(VirtualLAN)

    VPNVPN

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  • HowtoconfigureHowtoconfiguretwotwoCiscoRouterCiscoRoutertogethertogether

    HowtoConfigureHowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoVLANinCiscoswitchswitch

    HowtoConfigureHowtoConfigureRIP(RoutingRIP(RoutingInformationInformationprotocol)protocol)on...on...

    OSIModelOSIModel CCNPCCNP

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    LinkWit hinLinkWit hin

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    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,networkingnetworking

    OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)OSPF(OpenShortestPathFirst)

    OpenShortestpathFirst(OSPF)OpenShortestpathFirst(OSPF)isaLinkstateRoutingProtocol.ItisOpenisaLinkstateRoutingProtocol.ItisOpenstandardRoutingprotocolthatmeanscansupportanyVendorsunlikeEIGRP.OSPFusestandardRoutingprotocolthatmeanscansupportanyVendorsunlikeEIGRP.OSPFuseDijkstraalgorithmtofindtheShortestpathFirstinthenetwork.LinkstateprotocolupdateDijkstraalgorithmtofindtheShortestpathFirstinthenetwork.LinkstateprotocolupdateRoutingtablewhenchangeaccureintheRoutingtopologyandthenitcreateLinkstateRoutingtablewhenchangeaccureintheRoutingtopologyandthenitcreateLinkstateAdvertisement(LSA).OSPFsupportClasslessIPaddress.Advertisement(LSA).OSPFsupportClasslessIPaddress.

    OSPFFeatureOSPFFeature

    OSPFsupportClasslessOSPFsupportClasslessOSPFprovidefastconversioncomparisontoRIPOSPFprovidefastconversioncomparisontoRIPOSPFallowscalabilityOSPFallowscalabilityOSPFSupportVLSM/CIDROSPFSupportVLSM/CIDROSPFisaOpenstandardprotocolwhichsupportmultiplevendordeployment.OSPFisaOpenstandardprotocolwhichsupportmultiplevendordeployment.OSPFhasUnlimitedhopCount.OSPFhasUnlimitedhopCount.

    Youmightalsolike:Youmightalsolike:Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)whatisRoutingloopwhatisRoutingloopWhatisDynamicRoutingWhatisDynamicRoutingWhatisRoutingWhatisRoutingWhatisRoutingProtocolWhatisRoutingProtocol

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    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,networkingnetworking,,RoutingprotocolRoutingprotocol

    HowtoConfigureRIP(RoutingInformationHowtoConfigureRIP(RoutingInformationprotocol)protocol)onCiscoRouteronCiscoRouter

    GmailGmail(3)(3)

    GoogleChromeGoogleChrome(3)(3)

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  • HowtoconfigureHowtoconfigureStaticRoutingStaticRoutingprotocolinciscoprotocolinciscoRouterRouter

    HowtoconfigureHowtoconfiguretwotwoCiscoRouterCiscoRoutertogethertogether

    BootingProcessofBootingProcessofCiscoRouterCiscoRouter

    HowtoConfigureHowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoVLANinCiscoswitchswitch

    WhatisDefaultWhatisDefaultRoutingRouting

    ConfigurationOfConfigurationOfRouter1Router1

    Router>Router>Router>enRouter>enRouter#conftRouter#conftRouter#hostnameR1Router#hostnameR1R1(config)#R1(config)#ToConfigureIPaddressToConfigureIPaddressonRouter1interfacesonRouter1interfaces

    R1(config)#ints0/0/0R1(config)#ints0/0/0R1(configif)#ipadd10.1.1.1R1(configif)#ipadd10.1.1.1255.0.0.0255.0.0.0R1(configif)#clockrate64000R1(configif)#clockrate64000R1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#intf0/0R1(configif)#intf0/0R1(configif)#ipadd172.16.1.1255.255.0.0R1(configif)#ipadd172.16.1.1255.255.0.0R1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#noshutR1(configif)#exitR1(configif)#exitEnableRIPprotocoltoRouter1EnableRIPprotocoltoRouter1

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    Labels:Labels:CCNALabCCNALab,,CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,networkingnetworking,,NetworkingTipsNetworkingTips

    DifferentbetweenPublicIPAddressandPrivetDifferentbetweenPublicIPAddressandPrivetIPaddressIPaddress

    PublicIPaddressPublicIPaddressPublicIPaddressisaaddressthatcanbeaccessiblebyeveryoneovertheInternet.PublicIPaddressisaaddressthatcanbeaccessiblebyeveryoneovertheInternet.PublicIPaddressprovidebytheISP(InternetserviceProvider).ISPresponsibleforPublicIPaddressprovidebytheISP(InternetserviceProvider).ISPresponsiblefortheregisteringIPaddressrangtoprovidetheOrgnization.theregisteringIPaddressrangtoprovidetheOrgnization.

    PrivetIPAddressPrivetIPAddressPrivetIPaddressassigntotheLocalAreanetworkwhichcanbeaccessibleonlywithinPrivetIPaddressassigntotheLocalAreanetworkwhichcanbeaccessibleonlywithintheLocalareanetwork.ItscanbeaccessbyoutsideofLocalareanetwork.theLocalareanetwork.ItscanbeaccessbyoutsideofLocalareanetwork.

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  • RangofPrivetareanetworkRangofPrivetareanetwork

    ClassA10.0.0.0ClassA10.0.0.0toto10.255.255.25510.255.255.255ClassB172.16.0.0ClassB172.16.0.0toto172.31.255.255172.31.255.255ClassC192.168.0.0ClassC192.168.0.0toto192.168.255.255192.168.255.255

    0comments0comments

    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,nn,,networkingnetworking,,NetworkingInterviewQuestionNetworkingInterviewQuestion

    HowtoconfigureStaticRoutingprotocolinHowtoconfigureStaticRoutingprotocolinciscoRouterciscoRouter

    StaticRoutingStaticRoutingInstaticroutingNetworkadministratorInstaticroutingNetworkadministratorManuallyassignIPaddresstoeachrouter.ManuallyassignIPaddresstoeachrouter.

    SyntaxSyntax

    Router(config)#iproute

    ConfigurationofRouter1ConfigurationofRouter1

    0comments0comments

    Labels:Labels:CCNALabCCNALab,,CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,NetworkingTipsNetworkingTips,,RoutingprotocolRoutingprotocol

    HowtoconfigureHowtoconfiguretwotwoCiscoRouterCiscoRoutertogethertogether

    BasicofTwoRouterLABBasicofTwoRouterLAB

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    ++

  • ConfigurationofRouter1ConfigurationofRouter1

    0comments0comments

    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking

    HowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoswitchHowtoConfigureVLANinCiscoswitch

    VLANisStandforVirtualLAN.Itmeansdevicelogicallydividedintodifferent2LAN.ItsVLANisStandforVirtualLAN.Itmeansdevicelogicallydividedintodifferent2LAN.Itsimprovesecurityandreliabilityofyournetwork.Switchcreatelogicalbroadcastdomaintoimprovesecurityandreliabilityofyournetwork.SwitchcreatelogicalbroadcastdomaintoeachVLAN.eachVLAN.

    VLANCreationinSwitch1VLANCreationinSwitch1

    switch1switch1>en>en

    switch1#switch1#conftconft

    switch2#vlandatabaseswitch2#vlandatabase

    switch1(vlan)#switch1(vlan)#vlan10vlan10

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  • VLAN10added:VLAN10added:

    Name:VLAN0010Name:VLAN0010

    switch1(vlan)#switch1(vlan)#vlan20vlan20

    VLAN20added:VLAN20added:

    Name:VLAN0020Name:VLAN0020

    switch1(vlan)#switch1(vlan)#exitexit

    APPLYcompleted.APPLYcompleted.

    Exiting....Exiting....

    switch1#switch1#

    AssignIPaddresstotheVLANAssignIPaddresstotheVLAN

    switch1switch1>en>en

    switch1#switch1#conftconft

    switch1(config)#switch1(config)#intvlan10intvlan10

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#noshutnoshut

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#exitexit

    switch1(config)#switch1(config)#intvlan20intvlan20

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#ipadd192.168.2.1255.255.255.0ipadd192.168.2.1255.255.255.0

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#noshutnoshut

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#exitexit

    switch1(config)#switch1(config)#exitexit

    AssignPorttotheVLANAssignPorttotheVLAN

    switch1switch1#conft#conft

    switch1(config)#switch1(config)#intf0/2intf0/2

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportaccessvlan10switchportaccessvlan10

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#intf0/3intf0/3

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportaccessvlan10switchportaccessvlan10

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#intf0/4intf0/4

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportaccessvlan20switchportaccessvlan20

    switch1(configif)#intf0/5switch1(configif)#intf0/5

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportaccessvlan20switchportaccessvlan20

    ShowVLANINFORMATIONShowVLANINFORMATION

    switch1#switch1#shvlanshvlan

  • VLANNameStatusPortsVLANNameStatusPorts

    1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,

    Fa0/7Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/8

    Fa0/9,Fa0/10,Fa0/9,Fa0/10,

    Fa0/Fa0/12Fa0/Fa0/12

    Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/13,Fa0/14,

    Fa0/15,Fa0/16Fa0/15,Fa0/16

    Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/17,Fa0/18,

    Fa0/19,Fa0/20Fa0/19,Fa0/20

    Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/21,Fa0/22,

    Fa0/23,Fa0/24Fa0/23,Fa0/24

    Gig1/1,Gig1/2Gig1/1,Gig1/2

    10VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/310VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/3

    20VLAN0020activeFa0/4,Fa0/520VLAN0020activeFa0/4,Fa0/5

    VLANCreationinSwitch2VLANCreationinSwitch2switch2switch2>en>en

    switch2#switch2#conftconft

    switch2#vlandatabaseswitch2#vlandatabase

    switch2(vlan)#switch2(vlan)#vlan10vlan10

    VLAN10addedVLAN10added

    Name:VLAN0010Name:VLAN0010

    switch2(vlan)#switch2(vlan)#vlan20vlan20

    VLAN20added:VLAN20added:

    Name:VLAN0020Name:VLAN0020

    switch2(vlan)#switch2(vlan)#exitexit

    APPLYcompleted.APPLYcompleted.

    Exiting....Exiting....

    AssignIPaddresstotheVLANAssignIPaddresstotheVLAN

    switch2>switch2>enen

    switch2#switch2#conftconft

    switch2(config)#switch2(config)#intvlan10intvlan10

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#noshutnoshut

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#exitexit

    switch2(config)#switch2(config)#intvlan20intvlan20

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#ipadd192.168.2.1255.255.255.0ipadd192.168.2.1255.255.255.0

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#noshutnoshut

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#exitexit

    AssignSwitchPorttoVLANAssignSwitchPorttoVLANswitch2#switch2#conftconft

    switch2(config)#switch2(config)#intf0/2intf0/2

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#switchportaccessvlan10switchportaccessvlan10

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#intf0/3intf0/3

  • switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#switchportaccessvlan10switchportaccessvlan10

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#intf0/4intf0/4

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#switchportaccessvlan20switchportaccessvlan20

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#intf0/5intf0/5

    switch1(configif)#switch1(configif)#switchportmodeaccessswitchportmodeaccess

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#switchportaccessvlan20switchportaccessvlan20

    switch2(configif)#switch2(configif)#exitexit

    ShowVLANinformationinswitch2ShowVLANinformationinswitch2

    switch2#switch2#shvlanshvlan

    VLANNameStatusPortsVLANNameStatusPorts

    1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,1defaultactiveFa0/1,Fa0/6,

    Fa0/7Fa0/7Fa0/8Fa0/8

    Fa0/9,Fa0/10,Fa0/9,Fa0/10,

    Fa0/Fa0/12Fa0/Fa0/12

    Fa0/13,Fa0/14,Fa0/13,Fa0/14,

    Fa0/15,Fa0/16Fa0/15,Fa0/16

    Fa0/17,Fa0/18,Fa0/17,Fa0/18,

    Fa0/19,Fa0/20Fa0/19,Fa0/20

    Fa0/21,Fa0/22,Fa0/21,Fa0/22,

    Fa0/23,Fa0/24Fa0/23,Fa0/24

    Gig1/1,Gig1/2Gig1/1,Gig1/2

    10VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/310VLAN0010activeFa0/2,Fa0/3

    20VLAN0020activeFa0/4,Fa0/520VLAN0020activeFa0/4,Fa0/5

    InthisinformationportFa0/2andFa0/3aredefineforVLAN10,andPortFa0/4andInthisinformationportFa0/2andFa0/3aredefineforVLAN10,andPortFa0/4andFa0/5aredefineforVLAN20Fa0/5aredefineforVLAN20

    0comments0comments

    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,networkingnetworking

    DifferencebetweenHubandSwitchDifferencebetweenHubandSwitch

    HUBHUB

    HUBisaleastexpansivedevice.HUBisaleastexpansivedevice.ItusedtoconnectsegmentofaLAN.ItusedtoconnectsegmentofaLAN.Whenframecometoaportthenhubtransmitthatframetoalloutgoingport.Whenframecometoaportthenhubtransmitthatframetoalloutgoingport.Itisahalfduplexdevice.Itisahalfduplexdevice.

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  • ItisalayeronedeviceofItisalayeronedeviceofOSImodel.OSImodel.

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    Labels:Labels:CisconetworkingCisconetworking,,networkhardwarenetworkhardware,,networkingnetworking

    Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)Openshortestpathfirst(OSPF)Open shortest path first(OSPF)Open shortest path first(OSPF) is a link state routing protocol and open standardis a link state routing protocol and open standardprotocolmean to say that it canbeusedwith any vendor not likeEIGRP . it is interiorprotocolmean to say that it canbeusedwith any vendor not likeEIGRP . it is interiorgateway routing protocol used to distribute routing information with in an autonomousgateway routing protocol used to distribute routing information with in an autonomoussystem. InOSPF if changed occur in the network then router willmulticasts the routingsystem. InOSPF if changed occur in the network then router willmulticasts the routinginformation to all the nodes in the network . so that all nodes will be the same routinginformation to all the nodes in the network . so that all nodes will be the same routinginformation.information.

    OSPFusesDijkstrausesalgorithmtofindthebestrouteinthenetworktoforwardpacketOSPFusesDijkstrausesalgorithmtofindthebestrouteinthenetworktoforwardpacketfromsourcetodestination.itisusesSPFtreeforroutecalculationtofindtheneighbor.fromsourcetodestination.itisusesSPFtreeforroutecalculationtofindtheneighbor.

    OSPFProperties:OSPFProperties:

    ItisclasslesssoitsupportVLSM/CIDR.ItisclasslesssoitsupportVLSM/CIDR.IthasunlimitedHopcount.IthasunlimitedHopcount.Itissupportmultiplevendor.Itissupportmultiplevendor.Minimizingroutingupdatetraffic.Minimizingroutingupdatetraffic.Allowscalability.Allowscalability.ItsA.Dvalue110.ItsA.Dvalue110.Itsupportequalcastloadbalancing.Itsupportequalcastloadbalancing.Itisalsosupportauthentication.Itisalsosupportauthentication.

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    Enhanceinteriorgatewayprotocol(EIGRP)Enhanceinteriorgatewayprotocol(EIGRP)Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP)Enhance interior gateway protocol(EIGRP) is a balance hybrid protocol and also is a balance hybrid protocol and alsocisco properties protocol it means this protocol only can support Cisco environment orcisco properties protocol it means this protocol only can support Cisco environment orCiscodevices . to find thebestpath ituses lowestmetric if theRouterhasmultiple linkCiscodevices . to find thebestpath ituses lowestmetric if theRouterhasmultiple linkthen the best path is selected on the basis of the lowest metric. it is include thethen the best path is selected on the basis of the lowest metric. it is include thesubnetmaskinitsroutingupdate.subnetmaskinitsroutingupdate.

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  • RoutingInformationprotocol(RIP)RoutingInformationprotocol(RIP)Routing information protocol (RIP)Routing information protocol (RIP) is a Distance vector protocol which used to find the is aDistance vector protocol which used to find thebest path based on the hope count in the network . RIP perform routing onlybest path based on the hope count in the network . RIP perform routing onlysingleautonomoussystembecause it isa interiorgatewayprotocol .Numberofhops insingleautonomoussystembecause it isa interiorgatewayprotocol .Numberofhops intheRIPislimitedthatwhyitpreventfromroutingloopingbecausenoofhopswillexceedtheRIPislimitedthatwhyitpreventfromroutingloopingbecausenoofhopswillexceed(means16hop) consideredas unreachable .RIPhasmaxnumber of hop15. Inwhich(means16hop) consideredas unreachable .RIPhasmaxnumber of hop15. Inwhichpathofremotenetworknumberofhopswillbelessthatpathconsideredasbestpathforpathofremotenetworknumberofhopswillbelessthatpathconsideredasbestpathforroutepackettothedestination.routepackettothedestination.

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    whatisRoutingloopwhatisRoutingloopRouting loop is a common problemoccur in the network during forwarding packet fromRouting loop is a common problemoccur in the network during forwarding packet fromsourcetodestination.Routingloopisaconditioninwhichpacketiscontinuallymovinginsourcetodestination.Routingloopisaconditioninwhichpacketiscontinuallymovinginthecirclewithoutreachingdestination. itshappenduetomisscommunication, incorrectthecirclewithoutreachingdestination. itshappenduetomisscommunication, incorrectinformationupdateintheroutingtableanditcanbemissconfigurationofrouter.mostlyitsinformationupdateintheroutingtableanditcanbemissconfigurationofrouter.mostlyitshappeninthelargenetworkbecauseanylinkgoesdownandnotinformtosourcerouter.happeninthelargenetworkbecauseanylinkgoesdownandnotinformtosourcerouter.aboutthelinkgoesdown.aboutthelinkgoesdown.

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    WhatisRoutingProtocolWhatisRoutingProtocolTherearethreeclassesofRoutingprotocolTherearethreeclassesofRoutingprotocol1Distancevector:1Distancevector:ThoseprotocolwhichisfindthebestpathtoaremotenetworkonThoseprotocolwhichisfindthebestpathtoaremotenetworkonthebasisofdistancevectorprotocolandthevectorindicatethedirection.Theroutethebasisofdistancevectorprotocolandthevectorindicatethedirection.TherouteRouteconsiderasabestRoutewhichiswithleastnumberofHope(Router).DistanceRouteconsiderasabestRoutewhichiswithleastnumberofHope(Router).DistancevectorRoutingprotocolsendallroutingtableinroutingupdatebutonlyneighborRouter.vectorRoutingprotocolsendallroutingtableinroutingupdatebutonlyneighborRouter.

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    WhatisDynamicRoutingWhatisDynamicRoutingAtypeofRoutinginwhichprotocolareusedtofindbestandshortestpathforroutetheAtypeofRoutinginwhichprotocolareusedtofindbestandshortestpathforroutethedata for the destination and also used to find network and dynamically update Routingdata for the destination and also used to find network and dynamically update Routingtable.DynamicRoutingprotocolalsosupportapplicationsoftwarewhicharerunningonthetable.DynamicRoutingprotocolalsosupportapplicationsoftwarewhicharerunningontherouter.thereareseveralprotocolusinginthedynamicroutingwhichisknownasRoutingrouter.thereareseveralprotocolusinginthedynamicroutingwhichisknownasRouting

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  • protocol.protocol.

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    WhatisDefaultRoutingWhatisDefaultRoutingDefaultRoutingDefaultRoutingusedonly inastubnetwork whichhasonlyoneexit interface in thisusedonly inastubnetwork whichhasonlyoneexit interface in thistypeofRoutingadministratordosenothasknowledgeofthedestinationbutitmustknowtypeofRoutingadministratordosenothasknowledgeofthedestinationbutitmustknowthenexthopeaddress.itismainlyusedthattypeofroutingwhichhasslowerlink.Ithasthenexthopeaddress.itismainlyusedthattypeofroutingwhichhasslowerlink.Ithasverylesssecurity.verylesssecurity.

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    whatisStaticRoutingwhatisStaticRoutingInStaticRoutingadministratorhasknowledgeabouttheirnetworksohemanuallydefineInStaticRoutingadministratorhasknowledgeabouttheirnetworksohemanuallydefinetherouteintheroutingtableforroutingpacketfromsourcetodestination.therouteintheroutingtableforroutingpacketfromsourcetodestination.

    Advantageofstaticrouting:Advantageofstaticrouting:

    ThereisnooverheadontheCPUofRoutersowecanusecheaprouterThereisnooverheadontheCPUofRoutersowecanusecheaprouterThisissecureroutingThisissecurerouting

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    CCNPCCNPCiscocertifiednetworkprofessionals (CCNP) isasecond levelCiscocertifiednetworkprofessionals (CCNP) isasecond levelof CISCO certification exam which is offer by Cisco systemof CISCO certification exam which is offer by Cisco system.Requirement for CCNP exam should be passed of Cisco.Requirement for CCNP exam should be passed of Ciscocertifiednetworkassociates(CCNA)exam.CCNAcertificationcertifiednetworkassociates(CCNA)exam.CCNAcertificationisvalidfor3years ifwithin3yearCCNPcertificationwillnodoisvalidfor3years ifwithin3yearCCNPcertificationwillnodothen CCNA certification will be expire. Now days threethen CCNA certification will be expire. Now days threeCCNPspecializationofferedbyCISCO:CCNPspecializationofferedbyCISCO:CCNPcertification isconsideredproof thatcertifiedpersonwouldbeableforwork in theCCNPcertification isconsideredproof thatcertifiedpersonwouldbeableforwork in thenetworkinfrastructure.networkinfrastructure.Thereis3partofCCNPThereis3partofCCNP

    RoutingRouting

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    OSIModelOSIModelTheTheOSIModel(Opensysteminterconnectionmodel)OSIModel(Opensysteminterconnectionmodel)have7layereachlayerishave7layereachlayerisresponsiblefordatacommunicationinnetwork.Layerisasmallerpartofcommunicationresponsiblefordatacommunicationinnetwork.Layerisasmallerpartofcommunicationsystem.Thelayeraredividedintopartupperlayerandlowerlayer.Theupperlayersystem.Thelayeraredividedintopartupperlayerandlowerlayer.Theupperlayerresponsibleforuserapplicationhowfilearerepresentonthecomputerandlowerlayerresponsibleforuserapplicationhowfilearerepresentonthecomputerandlowerlayerresponsibleforhowtocommunicationbetweennetwork.Eachlayerreceiveservicefromitsresponsibleforhowtocommunicationbetweennetwork.Eachlayerreceiveservicefromitslowerlayer.lowerlayer.

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