Chinese Educational System.pptx

7/30/2019 Chinese Educational System.pptx

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China has attached great importance to

education since the ancient time thatso many ideologists and educationistshave appeared successively. Now, Chinahas set up a modern education system

with government as the major investorso that every person is allowed to gainknowledge legally. Respecting teachersand valuing education have been atradition of Chinese people since

ancient times. There were beginningsof education as early as the eras of Yao,Shun and Yu in the Prehistoric Times(1.7 million years ago - 21st century BC).


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In the Shang Dynasty (16th-11th century BC), thedevelopment of Chinese characters entered a

more advanced stage, and some books made ofheavy materials appeared. In this situation,formal schools emerged with the names like'Xiao' (school), 'Xue' (study) and 'Daxue' (higher

school). Teachers then were all governmentofficials and students were all children of thenobility, so that was the earliest 'Guan Xue'(official education). The content of theeducation included etiquettes, archery, music,

writing and mathematics, which laid afoundation for the further prosperity of the

ancient education.


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In the golden era of the slavery society-WesternZhou Dynasty (11th century BC-771 BC), the sixclassical arts-rites, music, archery, riding,

writing and mathematics became the content of

the education. At that time, the government paidequal attention to cultivating the students inevery aspect, including thoughts, morals,

practical skills, culture, etiquettes and innerfeeling. That kind of teaching methods had far-reaching influence on the form of the traditionalChinese education.


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In the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), thegovernment attached great importance to thoseknowledgeable people and encouraged thepeople to write and copy books, which made the

education unprecedentedly prosperous. Theschools then were divided into official andprivate ones, and official schools were

subdivided into local and central. Emperor Wudistarted the highest grade official school-theGreat Academy, which was set up in thenorthwestern suburban area of the capital city

Chang'an (Xian).


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The teaching materials of the official schoolswere classical books of Confucius. Students whowere admitted to the Great Academy weredestined for careers in the civil service after they

passed the exams and were competitivelyselected for various positions. Private schools

were much more widespread than official

schools, most of which mainly taught students torecognize and write Chinese characters, similarto present day elementary schools.


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In the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907)

Dynasties, the official and private schools wereboth further developed with the establishmentand development of the Imperial Exam System.In the end of the Tang Dynasty, private

academies (shuyuan) appeared out of the privateschools. Since the Song Dynasty (1127-1279),China was ruled by different ethnic groups oneafter another, and all the ethnic groups desiredto cultivate ruling brains of their own nations.

Wars broke out frequently at that time andofficial schools couldn't easily operate, so private

schools flourished.


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On October 1st of 1949, the People's Republic of

China was established, and the education ofChina entered a new era. Along with the need forsocial development, the Chinese government hasfrom that time given priority to the development

of education, implementing a policy ofinvigorating the country through science,technology and education. At the same time, theChinese government has been carrying outeducation reforms based on the principle thateducation should be geared to the needs ofmodernization and the world and of the future.


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The Chinese government increases input toscience, technology and education year by year.Through uninterrupted efforts in the past fivedecades, China has made great progress in

education. Nine years of compulsory education(from primary school to junior middle school)has been implemented nationwide. Highereducation, occupational and polytechniceducation, diversified adult education and ethicseducation have been developed rapidly.


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China has set up an education system withgovernment as the major investor and social

partners as co-investors. In the current stage,local government is playing a key role incompulsory education, while central andprovincial governments are dominant in

higher education. The national Ministry ofEducation is the supreme educationadministrative body in China, and isresponsible for carrying out the relevant

laws, regulations, guidelines and policies,activating and guiding education reformsand integrating and coordinatingeducational initiatives and programs

nationwide.


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In addition, the Chinese government paysattention to guarantee citizens' rights to geteducation especially the right of the

minorities, women and disabled people, bymaking appropriate laws. To assist needystudents, the Chinese government adopted aseries of measures to prevent them fromdropping out from education, includingscholarships, subsidies, student loans andtuition fee reduction.


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Since the implementation of the reform andopening up policy in 1978, China made big stridesin foreign exchange and cooperation in theeducation sector. Over nearly 30 years, hundredsof thousands of Chinese students have studiedabroad in over 100 foreign countries. At the sametime, hundreds of thousands of foreign studentsfrom over 160 countries have come to China to

learn Chinese culture. Also, most foreigncountries and China exchange teachers andexperts to enhance the science, technology andculture communications between each other.


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Meanwhile, most foreign and internationalorganizations have contributed aid forChina's education, including UNESCO, theChildren Foundation of UN, Population

Foundation UN, UNDP (United NationsDevelopment Program), the World Bank andso on. The World Bank has provided China

with a loan totaling nearly US$1.5 billion tohelp to develop education, while otherinternational organizations have also offeredChina financial aid of over US$100 million.


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Chinese Educational System.pptx

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