Child Development

CHILD DEVELOPMENT

MOHD NAZEMIAMIR HAMIZINAQIUDDIN

FADZILSIVARAJA

What are the essential similarities and differences between Piaget's and Vygotsky's explanations for cognitive development?

• Both Piaget and Vygotsky view cognitive development as a stage theory involving active interaction between the individual and their environment.

•Vygotsky elaborates on Piaget in several areas. Vygotsky believes that learning is more socially constructed and contextual than Piaget and that parental and teacher support in preparing tasks and experiences slightly beyond what a student would do on his own, called scaffolding, contribute to increased student competence.

•Vygotsky also stressed the importance of the relationship between language and thought in improving student thinking, and makes a case for developing strong language skills

SimilaritiesSimilarities Both agree that development may be Both agree that development may be

initiated by cognitive conflict.initiated by cognitive conflict.

Piaget and Vygotsky believed that Piaget and Vygotsky believed that children's egocentric speech was an children's egocentric speech was an important part of their cognitive important part of their cognitive development. The two differed in development. The two differed in how they viewed the purpose of how they viewed the purpose of egocentric speech. egocentric speech.

SimilaritiesSimilarities Chomsky and Vygotsky believe that Chomsky and Vygotsky believe that

language influent in child’s language influent in child’s development.development.

Vygotsky and Chomsky believe that Vygotsky and Chomsky believe that language plays an important rule in language plays an important rule in child’s development.child’s development.

VygotskyVygotsky PiagetPiaget ChomskyChomsky

Relationship between the Relationship between the development of thought and development of thought and that language.that language.

representing their familiar representing their familiar worlds, a reflection of worlds, a reflection of thought, and that language thought, and that language did not contribute to the did not contribute to the development of thinkingdevelopment of thinking

humans created with a humans created with a special biological brain special biological brain mechanism, called a mechanism, called a Language Acquisition Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Device (LAD).

the development of the development of language is being language is being dependent on general dependent on general cognitive development.cognitive development.

children have innate, children have innate, language-specific abilities language-specific abilities that facilitate and constrain that facilitate and constrain language learning.language learning.

Language is far more Language is far more important through important through conversation with adult to conversation with adult to progressprogress

Development of language is Development of language is being dependent on general being dependent on general cognitive development.cognitive development.

Language is inborn. A Language is inborn. A specific skill that develops specific skill that develops according its own laws.according its own laws.

Some Differences Between Vygotsky and Piaget

• Progression of Development

• Piaget believed that development proceeds from the individual to the social world. Egocentric speech suggests that the child is self-centered and unable to consider the point-of-view of others. Piaget also maintains that development precedes learning.

• Vygotsky believed that development begins at the social level and moves towards individual internalization. Egocentric speech is seen as a transition between the child's learning language in a social communicative context, and attempting to internalize it as "private" or "inner speech" (i.e., thoughts). For Vygotsky, learning precedes development.

• Both agree that development may be initiated by cognitive conflict.

• Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children's egocentric speech was an important part of their cognitive development. The two differed in how they viewed the purpose of egocentric speech.

DifferencesDifferencesVYGOTSKY PIAGET CHOMSKY

Believed that development begins at the social level and moves towards individual internalization.

Piaget believed that development proceeds from the individual to the social world.

Egocentric speech is seen as a transition between the child's learning language in a social communicative context.

suggests that the child is self-centered and unable to consider the point-of-view of others.

Providing the learner with hints/clues for problem solving (for better approach)

Assume that students do not yet have the method structure to solve such problems

Children could perform a challenging problem if they been given proper helps & assistance

Children consist afford to perform challenging task (consider to be out of the child’s mental capabilities)

Guided discovery (give questions, asking & let children discover the answers through hypothesis

With little teacher intervention (become as a facilitator)

Children gradually learn more about how the world works by little “experiments” in which they test their understanding.

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