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Chapter 8 printmaking

Dec 21, 2014

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Chad Johnson

Chapter 8 - Printmaking lesson plan
Alabama A&M - Fall 2014
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Page 1: Chapter 8   printmaking

Printmaking

Page 2: Chapter 8   printmaking

Printing Making

MATRIX – the surface from where the image is printed from.

EDITION – printings from a group of images from the same matrix

ARTIST’S PROOF - various stages of progression that are marked in the printing process.

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Printmaking: Different types

The process and materials of the different techniques influence the appearance of the final print.

Relief printing

Intaglio (engraving)

Planographic (Lithography)

Stencil (Screen Printing)

Page 4: Chapter 8   printmaking

Purposes of Printmaking

They may wish to make multiple works that are less expensive than painting or sculpture, so that their work will be available for purchase by a wider group of viewers.

They may wish to influence social causes. Because prints are multiple works, they are easy to distribute far more widely than a unique work of art.

They may be fascinated by the process of printmaking, which is an absorbing craft in itself.

Page 5: Chapter 8   printmaking

Origins of Printmaking

Printmaking first arose in both Europe and China. By the ninth century, the Chinese were printing pictures; by the eleventh century, they had invented (but seldom used) movable type.

Page 6: Chapter 8   printmaking

Relief printing: This is printing from a raised surface. I simple example of relief printing is a rubber stamp pressed

into a stamp pad and pressed onto a piece of paper.

Printing Plates can be made from flat sheets of material such as wood, linoleum, cardboard, styrofoam, etc.

Artist will first draw a picture on the surface and select different tools to cut away the areas that will not print.

Tools needed: Brayer (roller): this is used to spread ink on the plate. A sheet of paper is placed on top of the plate and the image is transferred by rubbing with the hand or by being run through a printing press. Remember: The final print is a mirror image of the original plate.

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Relief.

Page 8: Chapter 8   printmaking

Relief Printmaking Tools:

Brayer

Baren

Gouge

Bench Hook

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Katsushika Hokusai. The Wave. c. 1830.10 1/4" x 15 1/8".

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Emil Nolde. Prophet. 1912.12 1/2" x 8 13/16".

Wood Engraving – In this method, artists use dense wood. The hardness of the wood requires the use of metal engraving tools,but also makes large editions available.

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Elizabeth Catlett. Sharecropper. 1970.15 1/3" x 10 1/6".

Linoleum cut (also known as LINOCUT) – is a modern developmentin relief printing. The artist starts with the rubbery, synthetic surface of linoleum, and just like a woodcut, gouges out areas

Page 12: Chapter 8   printmaking

Intaglio (engraving): This describes prints that are made by cutting the picture into the

surface of the printing plate.

Burin: This is a sharp V-shaped tool that the printmaker gouges the lines of the image into the surface of a smooth polished sheet of metal or in some cases a piece of Plexiglas.

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Intaglio.

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Screenprinting.

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Planographic (Lithography):

So relief prints are created from a raised surface, and intaglio prints are created from a cut surface. Planography however, is the printing of a flat surface.

Lithography: An image is drawn on the surface with a greasy material - grease crayon - and then water and printing ink are applied. The greasy parts absorb the ink and the wet parts do not.

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Lithography.

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The Diamond Sutra, section. 868.Length 18'.

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Albrecht Dürer. The Knight, Death and the Devil. 1513.9 5/8" x 7 1/2".

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Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn. Christ Preaching. c. 1652.61 1/4" x 8 1/8".

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Kitagawa Utamaro. A Competitive Showing of Beauties: Hinzauru of the Heizetsuro. c. 1796.

15 1/3" x 10 1/6".

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Mary Cassatt. The Letter. 1891.13 5/8" x 8 15/16".

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Honoré Daumier. Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834. 1834.11 1/4" x 17 3/8".

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril. c. 1893.

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril Dansant. c. 1893.38" x 27".

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Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril. c. 1893.50 5/8" x 37".

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Ester Hernández. Sun Mad. 1982.22" x 17".

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Elizabeth Murray. Exile. 1993.30" x 23" x 2 1/2".

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Ellen Gallagher. "Mr. Terrific." 2004–2005. 13" x 10".

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Ivana Keser. Migrants Newspaper, cover detail. 2002.16 1/2" x 11 3/4".

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Alicia Candiani. La Humanidad. 2004.27" x 40".

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Stencil (Screen-printing)

This is a technique where ink is pressed through a prepared screen.

A stencil is a sheet of paper, fabric, plastic, metal or other material with designs cuts, or punched from it.

Screen printing is also know as silkscreen or serigraphy.

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Terms to know:Print: an image produced by placing paper in contact with an inked surface and applying pressure.

Pull: to print an image.

Registration marks: marks made on the press or printing surface to insure that the paper is in exactly the same position every time it is printed.

Proof print: a trial print pulled to test technical aspects of an image.

Edition: a set of identical prints, numbered and signed by the artist.

Artist’s Proof: one of a small group of prints set aside from an edition for the artist’s use.

Body: the density of the ink.

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HistoryPrintmaking was originally used as a form of communication.

Engraving goes back to cave art, executed on stones, bones and cave walls.

The duplication of engraved images goes back 3,000 years to the Sumerians who engraved images on cylinder seals. They used the ability to create multiple prints to indicate ownership of goods.

Chinese scholars created rubbings from carved text, an early form of printing.

In the eighth century, Japanese artists used printmaking to make multiple editions of Buddhist manuscripts.

The fourteenth century, Europeans used woodcut prints to distribute Christian images to common people.

Artist who have used printmaking as a art form: Albrecht Drurer, Rembrant, Katsushika Hokusai, Degas, Cassatt, Goya, Munch, Matisse, Picasso, Ernst, Dali, Kandinsky, Klee, Hopper and more.