Chapter 8 Presidential Leadership Section 1: Presidential Powers.

Chapter 8Chapter 8Presidential LeadershipPresidential Leadership

Section 1: Section 1: Presidential Presidential

PowersPowers

Forming Presidential Forming Presidential PowersPowers

Many presidential powers have developed Many presidential powers have developed over time and are not in the Constitutionover time and are not in the Constitution

Defining factors of shaping the office of Defining factors of shaping the office of presidency in its modern form:presidency in its modern form:

1.1. The ConstitutionThe Constitution

2.2. Influence and personal charisma of the presidentInfluence and personal charisma of the president

3.3. The mandate The mandate expressed will of the people expressed will of the people

List of Presidential PowersList of Presidential Powers

1.1. Commander in chief of armed forcesCommander in chief of armed forces2.2. Appoints the head of executive departments (Cabinet)Appoints the head of executive departments (Cabinet)3.3. Conducts foreign policy (treaties/appoint Conducts foreign policy (treaties/appoint

ambassadors)ambassadors)4.4. Appoint federal court judgesAppoint federal court judges5.5. Pardon people convicted of federal crimes (except Pardon people convicted of federal crimes (except

impeachment or reduction of jail time or fine)impeachment or reduction of jail time or fine)6.6. Enforce the lawsEnforce the laws7.7. Gives an annual State of the Union addressGives an annual State of the Union address8.8. Call Congress into special session, if necessaryCall Congress into special session, if necessary

Informal Sources of Informal Sources of PowerPower

Jefferson Jefferson purchased land for the country purchased land for the country T. Roosevelt T. Roosevelt said “do anything that the said “do anything that the

needs of the nation demanded…”needs of the nation demanded…” Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln

Suspended the writ of habeas corpusSuspended the writ of habeas corpus Raised an army without approvalRaised an army without approval Blockaded the ports in the South illegallyBlockaded the ports in the South illegally

F.D. Roosevelt F.D. Roosevelt set up many federal set up many federal programsprograms

Mandate of the PeopleMandate of the People

Mandate: strong popular supportMandate: strong popular support A source of power for the presidentA source of power for the president Many presidents used the media to gain Many presidents used the media to gain

mandate from the countrymandate from the country

Limits on Presidential Limits on Presidential PowerPower

Congress can:Congress can: override a president’s override a president’s

vetoveto impeach the presidentimpeach the president grant money grant money confirm presidential confirm presidential

nominations nominations Federal courts can:Federal courts can:

Review legislative Review legislative actions that the actions that the president supportspresident supports

Bureaucracy can:Bureaucracy can: Hinder president’s Hinder president’s

programs by:programs by: failing to give failing to give

information neededinformation needed misinterpreting misinterpreting

instructionsinstructions not completing a task not completing a task

properlyproperly Public opinion can:Public opinion can:

Keep a president from Keep a president from attempting to run for attempting to run for re-electionre-election

Condemn a Condemn a presidential actionpresidential action

SECTION 2SECTION 2ROLES OF THE PRESIDENTROLES OF THE PRESIDENT

HEAD OF STATE / CHIEF HEAD OF STATE / CHIEF EXECUTIVEEXECUTIVE

The president is BOTH the head of state and chief The president is BOTH the head of state and chief executiveexecutive Presides over ceremoniesPresides over ceremonies Carries out the lawsCarries out the laws How are they carried out?How are they carried out?

Executive ordersExecutive orders Presidential appointmentsPresidential appointments Right to remove officials that they have appointedRight to remove officials that they have appointed Impoundment – refuse to spend money Congress has given an Impoundment – refuse to spend money Congress has given an

agency or departmentagency or department Reprieve – postponement of legal punishmentReprieve – postponement of legal punishment Pardon – release from legal punishmentPardon – release from legal punishment Amnesty – a group pardon to people for an offense against the Amnesty – a group pardon to people for an offense against the

gov’tgov’t

CHIEF LEGISLATORCHIEF LEGISLATOR

Proposes legislation he/she wishes to see Proposes legislation he/she wishes to see enactedenacted

Outlines his/her legislative program in the Outlines his/her legislative program in the annual State of the Union addressannual State of the Union address

His/her staff writes the legislation for CongressHis/her staff writes the legislation for Congress He/she must work with members of both He/she must work with members of both

political parties to pass his/her legislationpolitical parties to pass his/her legislation He/she has the power to veto billsHe/she has the power to veto bills

ECONOMIC PLANNERECONOMIC PLANNER

Submits an annual economic report to Submits an annual economic report to CongressCongress

Prepares the federal budget each yearPrepares the federal budget each year

PARTY LEADERPARTY LEADER

Helps members of his/her political party Helps members of his/her political party who seek offices (mayor, governor, who seek offices (mayor, governor, senator, representative)senator, representative) Raise fundsRaise funds Give speechesGive speeches Give endorsementsGive endorsements

CHIEF DIPLOMATCHIEF DIPLOMAT

Make treaties and signMake treaties and sign Make executive agreements with other Make executive agreements with other

countriescountries Same legal status as treaties, but do not Same legal status as treaties, but do not

need the Senate’s approvalneed the Senate’s approval

Recognizes the governments of foreign Recognizes the governments of foreign countriescountries

COMMANDER IN CHIEFCOMMANDER IN CHIEF

Power to order a military action Must get Congress’ approval to declare

war Makes important military decisions

Section 3:Section 3:Styles of LeadershipStyles of Leadership

Styles of LeadershipStyles of Leadership

Some presidents choose to get involved Some presidents choose to get involved in the details of their administration in the details of their administration (President Jimmy Carter)(President Jimmy Carter)

While others delegate the detail work to While others delegate the detail work to the EOP and the White House staff the EOP and the White House staff (President Ronald Reagan).(President Ronald Reagan).

Leadership Qualities & Leadership Qualities & SkillsSkills

Understanding the publicUnderstanding the public Ability to communicate effectivelyAbility to communicate effectively Sense of timing Sense of timing Openness to New IdeasOpenness to New Ideas Ability to CompromiseAbility to Compromise Have political courageHave political courage

Presidential IsolationPresidential Isolation

The President’s world (White House) is The President’s world (White House) is constructed to meet his needs and to support constructed to meet his needs and to support his views.his views.

Staff members are discouraged to disagree Staff members are discouraged to disagree with the President.with the President.

Only a few (top advisors, staff members) are Only a few (top advisors, staff members) are allowed access to the President.allowed access to the President.

Information may be screened by top advisors Information may be screened by top advisors before it reaches the president.before it reaches the president.

It is difficult for the President to stay in touch It is difficult for the President to stay in touch with the public.with the public.

The Use of Executive The Use of Executive Privilege:Privilege:

Executive privilege: the right of the president Executive privilege: the right of the president and other high-ranking executive officers, with and other high-ranking executive officers, with the president’s consent, to refuse to provide the president’s consent, to refuse to provide information to Congress or a courtinformation to Congress or a court

This is based on the principle of SEPARATION This is based on the principle of SEPARATION OF POWERS as outlined in the ConstitutionOF POWERS as outlined in the Constitution

The extent of the President’s use of executive The extent of the President’s use of executive privilege remains controversialprivilege remains controversial