Chapter 8 Microcomputers

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Principles and Applications SECOND EDITION

ALLAN R. HAMBLEY ©2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Chapter 8 Microcomputers


1. Identify and describe the functional blocks of a microcomputer.

2. Select the type of memory needed for a given application.




3. Understand how microcomputers or microcontrollers can be applied in your field of specialization.

4. Identify the internal registers and their functions for the 68HC11 microcomputer.

5. List some of the instructions and addressing modes of the 68HC11.

6. Write simple programs using the 68HC11 instruction set.




An embedded computer is part of a product, such as an automobile, printer, or bread machine, that is not called a computer.

A microcomputer or microcontroller is a complete computer containing the CPU, memory, and I/O on a single silicon chip.







This computer, in which the instructions and data are stored in the same memory, has von Neumann architecture (also known as Princeton architecture).













MEMORY TYPES

(1)  Read-and-write memory (RAM)

(2) Read-only memory (ROM)

(3) Mass storage




Selection of Memory

1. The trade-off between speed and cost

2. Whether the information is to be stored permanently or must be changed frequently

3. Whether data are to be accessed in random order or in sequence
















Stacks and the Stack Pointer Register

Stacks are last-in first-out memories. Information is added to (pushed onto) the top of the stack and eventually read out (pulled off) in the reverse order that it was written.
















ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

In general, Motorola assembly language statements take the form:

LABEL INSTRUCTION/DIRECTIVE OPERAND COMMENT

Directives are used to give commands to the assembler.










Example 8.3 Machine Code for Example 8.2







Chapter 8 Microcomputers

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