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Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1. To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such areas as technology, education, and mass culture. 2. To trace the race relations at the turn of the century 3. To describe the est. of segregation and discrimination at the turn of the century
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Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Jan 01, 2016

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Ambrose Rogers
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Page 1: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Chapter 8Life at the Turn of the 20th Century

Segregation and Discrimination

Objectives:

1. To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such areas as technology, education, and mass culture.

2. To trace the race relations at the turn of the century

3. To describe the est. of segregation and discrimination at the turn of the century

Page 2: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Ch 8 Vocab

Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted, Orville and Wilbur Wright, George Eastman

Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, W.E.B. Du Bois, Niagara movement

Ida B. Wells, poll tax, grandfather clause, segregation, Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, debt peonage

Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Ashcan school, Mark Twain, rural free delivery

Page 3: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Day 1

Notes 38 - 51

Page 4: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Urban Planning

Skyscrapers – built because of limited space

Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright – leading architects

Page 5: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Early Sky Scrapers

Louis Sullivan’s Wainwright Bldg.

St. Louis, Missouri

Burnham’s Flatiron Building

New York City

First slender tower

Page 6: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Frederick Law Olmsted – landscape designer - led movement for planned urban parks. He designed Boston’s Emerald Necklace parks.

Central Park in New York was a haven from busy city life.

Page 7: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

New Technologies:

1. Printing revolution – use of wood pulp to make cheaper paper led to more newspapers and higher literacy rates

2. Orville and Wilbur Wright – first successful air flight lasted for 12 seconds. Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Page 8: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Day 2

Page 9: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Turn of the Century Public Education:

School 12-16 weeks per year

Ages 8-14

Strict discipline, physical punishment

By late 1880’s, kindergartens began to be popular

By early 1900’s, high schools offered variety in courses, including sciences, social studies, & vocational courses.

Page 10: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

African Americans mostly attended private high schools with no help from the gov’t.

Not until late 1940’s did education become available to majority of African Americans

Even immigrants were more encouraged to go to school.

Only a small number of students attended colleges and universities, but between 1880-1920, numbers quadrupled.

Page 11: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Education affected culture:

As education improved, people’s culture improved. Art galleries, libraries, and museums opened.

At least one art gallery in every major city.

Important Am. artists: Thomas Eakins and Robert Henri emphasized social realism.

The Ashcan School of art portrayed urban poverty and everyday life.

Page 12: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Public libraries called “poor man’s universities” opened.

Realism also affected literature.

Page 13: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Writers:

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)

Theodore Dreiser

Willa Cather

Stephen Crane

Jack London

Page 14: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

“Dime novels” were popular novels that glorified the West.

Many people didn’t want to read realism.

Page 15: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

African-Americans were excluded from libraries and art museums, and basically all other cultural events.

Page 16: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Day 4

Notes 51 - 63

Page 17: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Rise of Mass Culture:

Middle class Americans shared cultural activities by the late 1800’s – called mass culture.

Page 18: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Mass Culture 2

Amusement parks opened = Coney Island in NYC.

Bicycling and tennis became popular sports, even for women.

New snacks became common such as Coca Cola and Hershey’s chocolate bars.

Page 19: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Spectator sports

Spectator sports rose in popularity. (boxing and baseball)

Baseball – 1869 – first professional team called Cincinnati Red Stockings

1876 – National Baseball League and 1900 –American Baseball League

1903 – first World Series

Negro National League was formed in 1920

There were also many other new forms of entertainment.

Page 20: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Vaudeville theatre formed. These were performances including songs, dancing, juggling, slapstick comedy, chorus lines, etc. became popular.

The circus of Barnum and Bailey hosted the “Greatest Show on Earth”, 1871.

Page 21: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

The first one-reel movie, 1903. An 8-10 minute silent feature called “The Great Train Robbery” debuted in 5 cent theatres called nickelodeons.

Page 22: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Ragtime music blended A-Am. spirituals and European music forms, originated in the south.

Scott Joplin’s ragtime compositions made him famous in the early 1900’s.

Page 23: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Ragtime paved the way for jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll.

Joplin

Page 24: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Newspapers

o Mass production and circulation of newspapers rose.

o U.S. newspapers used sensational headlines to sell papers

o Joseph Pulitzer started the first Sunday newspaper edition, first comics, first sports coverage, and first women’s news page.

His newspaper was the New York World.

Page 25: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Randolph Hearst

Joseph Pulitzer

Page 26: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

“Yellow Journalism”.

William Randolph Hearst – Pulitzer’s biggest competitor, published scandals and exaggerated stories of sensational events that became known as sensationalism or “yellow journalism”.

Page 27: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Newspapers also advertised new kinds of shopping.

Marshall Field’s in Chicago was the first department store.

Chain stores such as Woolworth’s opened. Sold cheap goods…nickel and dime store.

Page 28: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck brought retail to small towns through catalogs.

By 1896, the Post Office developed RFD – rural free delivery to every home.

Despite this new prosperity, social reform was needed...

Page 29: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Day 5 Segregation and Discrimination

Notes 64 - 76

Page 30: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Segregation

By the 1900’s, the South had adopted a system of legal discrimination and segregation.

African-Am. fought back through the use of education.

African-Am. universities opened – Howard, Atlanta and Fisk Universities.

Page 31: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington –

believed racism would end when blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society.

Started Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama.

Page 32: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

W.E.B. DuBois

W.E.B. DuBois opposed BTW, he believed blacks should seek a liberal arts education just like whites and should get rights now.

He led a movement called the Niagara Movement.

He joined with whites to lead the NAACP (National Association For the Advancement of Colored People)., 1909

Page 33: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Book – Up From Slavery Book – The Souls of Black Folk

Page 34: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Voting restrictions

All Southern states imposed voting restrictions. Poll tax Literacy tests To help the poor and uneducated

whites, a grandfather clause was added to make anyone who voted before 1867 eligible. (before slaves could vote legally)

Page 35: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

The Supreme Court upheld these restrictions.

Southern states segregated public and private facilities.

Page 36: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Jim Crow Laws

These laws of separation became known as Jim Crow laws. (after an old minstrel song

that ended in Jump, Jim Crow).

Page 37: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Plessy vs. Ferguson – S.C. case to test the constitutionality of segregation, 1896. It ruled that separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment as long as the accommodations were equal.

This legalized separation lasted for about 60 years.

Page 38: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Segregation Images

Page 39: Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the 20 th Century Segregation and Discrimination Objectives: 1.To analyze significant turn-of-the century trends in such.

Racism in the U.S.

Racial etiquette was expected.

Severe punishment resulted, including lynching.

1882-1892 – 1,400 African-Am. men and women were shot, burned or hanged without a trial. Lynching cont. into the 20th century.

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Discrimination

There was discrimination in the North as well.

Mexicans were also discriminated.

Many were forced into debt peonage – a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to an employer.

1911 – debt peonage was declared illegal.