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CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation
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Page 1: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM

Section 1: Industry and Transportation

Page 2: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

OBJECTIVES

Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s

Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s

Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s

Page 3: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

New methods of transportation and manufacturing goods changed the way people lived and worked US set on a course of industrialization

Page 4: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

Original 13 states along Atlantic coast Major settlements along harbors/rivers

Easier to transportation

19th century Transportation carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches pulled by

horses or oxen on dirt roads

Page 5: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

IMPROVING THE ROADS Turnpikes

Roads for which users had to pay a toll Toll income meant to be used to pay for new roads

Very few turnpikes actually made money

Most failed to lower transportation costs or increase the speed of travel

National Road Country’s lone decent route made of crushed rock Extended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818

Page 6: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

STEAMBOAT GOES COMMERCIAL Steamboat

1st major major advancement in transportation Robert Fulton, the Clermont

Steamboat made travel easier to travel upstream against a current

Used to take 4 months to travel 1,440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, KY along MS and OH Rivers steamboat made it in 20 days (1820) 6 days (1838)

Revolutionized transatlantic travel

1850, steamship crossed Atlantic in 10-14 days, compared to 25-50 days for a sailing ship

Page 7: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

CANALS BOOM Canals

2nd transportation advance of the early 1800s Nations canal network grew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300

miles in 1840 Provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to

the expanding cities

Eerie Canal Best known canal of the era Completed in 1825 Ran 363 miles across NY state from Lake Eerie to the Hudson

River Before the canal it could cost $100 to ship a ton of freight

overland from the Buffalo City to NYC The canal lowered that cost to $4

Eerie Canal helped make NYC the nation’s greatest commercial center City grew Canal also enhanced the value of farmland in the Great Lakes

Region

Page 8: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

RAILROADS FURTHER EASE TRANSPORT

Railroads Most dramatic advance in the

1800s Technology mostly developed in

Great Britain Used horses first, then developed

steam powered engines Cost less to build than canals and

could scale hills easier Trains moved faster than ships

and carried more weight Ex. a journey from NYC to Detroit, MI

took 28 days by boat in 1800, but in 1857 the same trip took 2 days by train

Page 9: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

CHECKPOINT

What were the major developments in transportation between 1800 and 1860

WRITE IT DOWN IN YOUR NOTES

Page 10: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

HOMEWORK

For homework, students will make a chart titled “Transportation and Industry” and they will list the causes and effects of each new transportation improvement from 1800-1860.

Page 11: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

TECHNOLOGY SPARKS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in

1700s Machines that were

powered by steam or flowing rivers to perform work originally done by hand

Slater Samuel Slater, skilled

worker built nation’s 1st water-powered textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RI “Father of the Industrial

Revolution” Later built more factories

family system

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MASSACHUSETTS INDUSTRY

Francis Cabot Lowell 1811, toured England’s factory towns After tour, he was able to organize a

company Boston Associates 1813, Associates built their first mill in Waltham,

MA (cloth manufacturer) 1820s, built more factories on Merrimac River and

established a new town called Lowell

“Lowell girls” Young, unmarried girls recruited from neighboring

farms After a few years, mist of the young girls left, got

married, and had kids

Page 13: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

FACTORY WORK CHANGES LIVES

Machines increased the speed of work and divided labor into many small tasks done by separate workers Process reduced the amount of skill needed and training

required Factory owners can save money Machines only make cloth or thread as opposed to final

product

Checkpoint: What changes occurred in the United States with the rise of

industry in the early 1800s Increased the speed and volume of the production of goods

such as cloth and shoes. It also reduced the amount of skill and training needed for workers who made those goods. Factories in cities grew because of the rise in industry.

Page 14: CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.

INVENTIONS TRANSFORM INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE

Interchangeable parts Helped make factories more efficient Eli Whitney introduced the idea

Stop assembling weapons one at a time manufacture each individual part

Innovation quickens communication 1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric telegraph

allowed electrical pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals MORSE CODE

Agriculture Remained the largest industry despite new innovations

Only helped farms become more productive and being able to raise larger crops

1815, sold only 1/3 of harvest 1840, steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus

McCormick 1860, the previous share doubled (partly because of greater

fertility of Midwest soil)

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QUESTION

What were the key inventions between 1820 and 1860? The system of interchangeable parts, the

sewing machine, the telegraph, the plow, and the reaper