Chapter 4: Chapter 4: The Human The Human World World
Mar 26, 2015
Chapter 4: Chapter 4: The Human The Human
WorldWorld
World Population6.5 Billion
World Population Growth
Growth Rate Birth Rate: Births per year, per 1000 people Death Rate: Deaths per year, per 1000 people Growth Rate = (Birth Rate – Death Rate)
In the last 200 years improved medicinehas cause the Death Rate to drop drastically
Population Growth In the Developed World, Birth & Death Rates are equal
Zero Population Growth, elsewhere growing rapidly
Population Growth: Why? Growth Rate is high in Latin America, Africa, parts of Asia Traditions of large families, agricultural economies Doubling time is 25 years, compared to 300 years in the
developed world
Challenges of Population Growth: Africa
Only part of world where food production has not increased since 1950.
Warfare & Weather often damage crops Rapid population growths strains countries’ resources:
Food, Clothing, Shelter and Clean Water
Challenges of Population Growth: Worldwide
Can Food Production keep pace with Population? Some Scientists say Yes, some say No. Possibilities include new technologies in irrigation,
fertilizers, new varieties of plants
Negative Population Growth Death Rate > Birth Rate: Germany & Hungary Declining Populations lead to their own problems Not enough labor, Guest Workers, Tensions, Protests
Population Distribution Populations are not evenly distributed across the Earth
or across individual countries Only a portion of the Earth is land, and only part of the land
is actually habitable
Population Movement Over the last hundred years people have been moving
from rural areas and into cities What is the significance of this movement?
Global Culture
Elements of Culture Language
Religion
Social Groups
Government
Economic Activities
Culture Regions Regions with many countries that have traits in common
History
Economics
Language
Art
Religion
Food
Government
Etc
Culture Hearths Early Centers of Civilization whose ideas spread
Eight Features of Civilization
• Cities
• Organized Central Governments
• Complex Religions
• Job Specialization
Eight Features of Civilization
• Social Classes
• Arts & Architecture
•
Public Works
• Writing
Cultural Diffusion Civilizations Make Contact With One Another Ideas & Practices Spread Through Trade and Travel
Cultural Change Three Major Historic Changes
Agricultural Revolution:Shift from Hunting-Gathering to Cultivation
Industrial Revolution:Factories & Machines to Produce Goods: Cities
Information Revolution:Computers – Info Storage – Networks - Linkage
Government Two Levels of Government: Unitary Systems:
All power in one National Government Federal Systems:
Power Shared Between National & States/Provinces
Types of Government
Autocracy:Rule by One: Dictatorship, Monarchy, etc
Oligarchy:Rule by the Few: Wealthy, Military, etc
Democracy:Rule with Consent of Governed
Economics
Economic Systems:
$ Traditional Economies
$ Command/Planned Economies
$ Market/Capitalist Economies
Natural ResourcesRenewable Non-Renewable
Immediate Goal: Manage Vital Resourcesso that People’s present needs are met
Long Term Goal: Ensure that the needs of Future Generations are met
Replace Fossil Fuels with Renewable Sources
Resource Management
Economic Development
Primary Economic Activities
Secondary Economic Activities
Tertiary Economic Activities
Quaternary Economic Activities
Primary Economic Activities
Directly taking resources from the Earth
Secondary Economic Activities Use Raw Materials to Produce something new & valuable These activities can occur close to resource or market
Tertiary Economic Activities Do not involve acquiring or remaking natural resources These activities provide services to people or businesses
Quaternary Economic Activities Concerned with the processing & management of information
Government, Info Processing, Education, Research
Economic DevelopmentDevelopedCountries
DevelopingCountries
Manufacturing &Industrial Base
Large Scale Agriculture Educated Population
Source of Resources Small Scale Agriculture Subsistence Farming
Less Educated Population
World Trade Countries Export Specialized Products They Produce Countries Import Things They Need
Barriers to World Trade Tariffs: Taxes on Imports Quotas: Limits on number of Items that can be Imported Embargo: Banning Trade with a Country
Free Trade Some Governments favor reducing barriers to trade
World Trade Organization (WTO):International Organization promoting Free Trade
European Union (EU):Worlds largest trading block, common currency (Euro)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):USA, Canada and Mexico
People and the Environment
Pollution Water Pollution:
Oil spills, fertilizer & pesticide runoff, chemical waste, etc
Land Pollution:Chemical waste in topsoil, radioactive waste, etc
Air Pollution:Exhaust from fossil fuels, acid rain, etc