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Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes
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Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath

Dec 31, 2015

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Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath. Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes Section 4: Toward Victory Section 5: From World War To Cold War. Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath

Chapter 31:World War II & Its Aftermath

Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Section 4: Toward Victory

Section 5: From World War To Cold War

Page 2: Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath

Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

In the 1930s, Italy, Germany, and Japan wanted to build new empires

The three nations formed an alliance known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis (or Axis Powers)

• They agreed to let each other attack and take over new lands

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

The League of nations had no power to stop the Axis Powers

Most other countries avoid conflict out of fear of war

• The world was busy recovering from the Great Depression

No one tried to halt the acts of aggression that led to World War II

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

In 1936, civil war broke out in SpainItaly and Germany helped General Franco gain control

• Both sides used new weapons and committed horrible acts of violence

The brutal showed how much destruction a modern war could cause

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

German aggression continuedBritain and France still tried to keep peace through a policy of appeasement, or giving into the demand of an aggressor

• The United States remained neutral

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

By 1939, Hitler had taken all of Austria and Czechoslovakia

It was clear that appeasement had failed• Britain and France promised to protect Poland from

Nazi attack

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

In August of 1939, Hitler made a pact with Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union

The long-time enemies agreed not to fight each other

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

One week after signed the non-aggression pact with the USSR, German armies invaded Poland

Britain and France kept their promise• On September 3, 1939, they declared war on

Germany World War II had begun

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Stinks to be Poland

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

Aggressive Steps Toward World War II

1931 - Japan invades Manchuria1935 - Italy invades Ethiopia1936 - Germany sends troops into the Rhineland 1937 - Japan takes over much of eastern China1938 - Germany makes Austria part of its empire1938 - Germany takes Sudetenland 1938 - Germany takes over Czechoslovakia1939 - Italy takes over Albania1939 - Germany invades Poland

1939 - Britain and France declare war

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Section 1: Aggression, Appeasement, and War

The Big Idea:During the 1930s, dictators undermined peace by committing acts of aggression and taking foreign lands

Throughout the 1930s, nothing stopped the acts of aggression that finally led to war

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

During World War II, the Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Japan were on one side

Allied powers of France and Britain were on the other

The Allies were soon joined by the Soviet Union, China, and the Unites States

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

Axis powers wanted to conquer EuropeThe Germans used a type of warfare called Blitzkrieg, or “lightning war”

• Planes, and new, faster tanks swiftly took Poland

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

The blitzkrieg overran much of EuropeFrance fell in June 1940

• Britain stood alone against the Axis

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

In September 1940, Hitler began a bombing, or blitz, of London

The British Royal Air Force used newly developed radar that detected approaching aircraft

• They held off the Germans

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

The British, led by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, would not give up

In June 1941, Hitler ended the bombing

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

Then, with Britain still a threat, Hitler attacked the Soviet Union

Germany was seeking access to the Soviet Union’s vast mineral resourcesThe Soviets fought back, but were defeated again and again throughout 1941

• But the fiercest winter in over a century stalled the German attack and gave the Soviets time to recover

In the meantime, Britain and the USSR became allies

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Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

The Japanese wanted control of the Pacific but felt that United States stood in their way

On December 7th, 1941, Japanese planes bombed a naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• The next day the United States declared war on Japan

Three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the United States

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Page 21: Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath

Section 2: The Global Conflict; Axis Advances

Modern Warfare

Of World War IIRadar Sonar

Medical Advances

Modern Tanks

Modern Submarines

Modern Airplanes

Machine Guns

Deadlier Bombs

Aircraft Carriers

Walke Talkies

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Germany and Japan wanted to establish total control of the people they conquered

The Germans robbed occupied lands of art and resources

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Hitler planned to kill all the people he thought were “racially inferior”

Nazi racism was aimed most directly at the Jews

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Nazi propaganda repeatedly stressed the notion that Jews were “enemies of the German people”

Jews were created as the anti-

symbolThey were viewed as the

embodiment of evilTo illustrate the culpability of

Jews, the Nazis placed emphasis on the criminality of Jews and the conspiracy of foreign Jews against Germany.

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The notion that Jews outside of Germany threatened a conspiracy against Germany was stressed during Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass or the November Pogrom) in November 1938

The Nazis directed their anti-Semitic propaganda at both domestic and foreign audiences

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

The Nazis built concentration camps, or detention centers for civilians, where Jews were starved, shot, or gassed to death

By 1945, over six million Jews had died in what became known as the Holocaust

• Gypsies, Slavs, and the mentally ill were victims too

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes;

Concentration Camps

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

The Japanese were also brutal rulers

They killed and tortured prisoners

• They stole food crops and forced conquered people into slave labor

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Up until 1942, it looked like the Axis was winning the war

However, the Allied nations began to wage total war

• Factories made tanks instead of cars

• The Allies rationed goods to supply their troops

• Women replaced men in jobs, served in the armed forces, and joined resistance groups

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Wartime factory

production

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Rationing

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Women in the Workforce

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Even democratic nations limited civil rights during wartime

A fear of spies led the United States to force many Japanese Americans to in in relocation camps

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

By 1942, Allied victories turned the tide of the war

The first turning points came in North Africa, Italy, and the Soviet Union

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Battle of El Alamein (1942)

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Battle of Stalingrad

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Invasion of Italy

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Battle of Midway

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), Allied soldiers landed at Normandy in France

They broke through the German lines and freed Paris

• By the end of September 1944, all of France was free

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Section 3: The Global Conflict; Allied Successes

Turning Points

in WWII

Battle of El Alamein (1942)-British drive back Germans

-Germans surrender African lands

Invasion of Italy (1943)

-British & American forces land in Sicily

-Italian government surrenders

-Hitler sends in German troops and fighting continues until the end of the war

Battle of Stalingrad (1942-43)

-Soviet troops defend Stalingrad, eventually forcing a German surrender

Invasion of Normandy (1944)

-Allied troops land on the beaches of Normandy

-They go on to free France from German control

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Section 4: Toward Victory

After their attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese won battle after battle.

However, the tide of war turned in 1942• In the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway Island,

American victories stopped the Japanese advance

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Section 4: Toward Victory

Successful attacks moved the United States forces closer to Japan

By 1944, their planes were bombing Japanese cities

Still, Japan would not surrender, or give up

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Section 4: Toward Victory

In Europe, Hitler fought to stop the Allied invasion of Germany

The bloody Battle of the Bulge in Belgium was the last real German effort

• Air attacks pounded Germany day and night

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Section 4: Toward Victory

Early in 1945, the Soviets moved in from the east, while the other Allied forces closed in from the west

As Soviet troops fought their way into Berlin, Hitler committed suicide

• Berlin fell on May 2, 1945 On May 7th, Germany surrendered

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Section 4: Toward Victory

The Allies still had to defeat JapanUnited States scientists had created a bomb, more powerful than any yet known

• President Harry Truman decided the bomb would bring the quickest end to the war

Truman warned the Japanese, but they would not surrender

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Section 4: Toward Victory

On August 6, 1945, a United States plane dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan……still Japan did not give up!

Three days later, a second bomb hit the city of Nagasaki

• On August 10, the Japanese asked for peace World War II was over

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Section 4: Toward VictoryProblem: Should the United States use the atomic bomb?

Reasons for:

-It would save American lives

-It would bring a quick end to the war

-It would show the power of the U.S. to future enemies

Reasons Against:

-Massive destruction

-Once used, it would be more likely to be used again

-It would release radiation

Decision: Truman orders use of bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Results:

-More than 110,000 die

-Japan surrenders

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

As the Allies celebrated victory, the cost of the war became clear

Although the exact totals may never be known, at least 75,000,000 people died

• The Soviet Union suffered more than 22,000,000 dead (from May 1941-April 1945 – an average of 18,000 deaths a day)

The entire Vietnam war saw only just over 58,000 American dead

Surviving Nazi war leaders were placed on trial at Nuremburg

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

Cities were in ruinsSurvivors faced hunger and disease

• To keep the peace 50 countries set up the United Nations (UN)

The UN aimed to stop war, guard rights, and improve health and education

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union created the strongest military forces on Earth

Many Eastern European countries and part of Germany came under Soviet domination

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Page 79: Chapter 31: World War II & Its Aftermath

Section 5: From World War To Cold War

The Soviet leader Stalin wanted to spread Communism and create a buffer zone to prevent attacks from the West

The United States and other democratic countries opposed Stalin’s plan

• Tension between the two powers led to the Cold War, a state of conflict without armed battle

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

The “Iron Curtain” that separated Eastern Europe and free nations in the West became a symbol of the Cold War

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

The United States took steps to stop the spread of communism

In 1949, the free nations of the West set the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

To counter NATO, the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact, joining the Soviet Union and its satellite nations in Eastern Europe

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

Truman Doctrine (1947)U.S. program to stop the spread of communismOffered to poor nations likely to fall to communismStates that the U.S. would give military and economic aid to any country fighting communismAid given to Greece and Turkey

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

Marshall Plan (1947)

Gave U.S. financial aid to rebuild Europe

Gave over 17 Billion in aid, including food, machinery, and raw materials

Welcomed by all nations of Europe except the Soviet Union and its Communist allies

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Section 5: From World War To Cold War

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

Joined U.S., Britain, Canada, France, Italy, and six smaller nations in a military alliance

Formed to stop Communist takeovers in Europe

Maintained troops, military equipment, and weapons

Considered “an attack against one member as an attack against all members”