Chapter 3 Teaching and Learning Vocabulary Teaching Methodology 401
Jan 12, 2016
Chapter 3Teaching and Learning
VocabularyTeaching Methodology 401
Group Members Chet Chandy Sophal Maliny Sovann Monyroth Taing Kimchhe Yang Syravann
Contents Introduction to Vocabulary Word Formation Local Vocabulary Lexical Item Introductory Points Key Principles of Teaching and Learning
Vocabulary Techniques for Vocabulary Learning
An Introduction to Vocabulary How many words are there in English? Passive Vocabulary: we understand Active Vocabulary: we use
Word Formation Prefixes and suffixes
Ex: taste – tasty taste – tasteful – distasteful
Combining WordEx: book + case: bookcase
case + book: casebook Masculine and Feminine
Ex: man/woman, lion/lioness
Local vocabulary Some words are used within a particular group
of peopleEx: fandabidoziThose potatoes are fandabidozi - can I get the recipe?
Lexical item is a single word or chain of word s that are the basic element of a language’s vocabulary.
Lexical items compose of more than one word are sometimes called Lexical Chunks/Phrases/Units.
Some common types of lexical chunks: Phrasal verbs: e.g., “make up”, “get out” Polywords: e.g., “by the way”, “inside out” Collocations: e.g., “absolutely convinced” Idioms: e.g., “give someone a break”
Lexical Item
Introductory Points
1. Students “know” a word2. Vocabulary is usually an uncountable noun3. Lexical words and phrases, not grammar
words4. “word”= one word form + one meaning5. “word”: lexical item with more than one part6. Elementary and lower intermediate
vocabulary work concentrates on building vocabulary
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary1. Meaningful practice is more important
for teaching and learning vocabulary than presentation
a) Presentationb) Ways of presenting
Point to or hold an object Show or draw a picture Demonstrate by doing a mime or real action Translate to L1
c) Context techniques The ‘What is it?’ Technique
A factory is usually big. Factories are often dirty. Many people work in a factory.
The Concept Question Technique Is there a factory near your house? What does the factory make? Where is the biggest factory in Phnom
Penh? Guess the Part of Speech
“a/an” in front of countable noun In the phrase “ a black cat”, black is an
adjective.
d) Matching Techniques for presentation Show the students by putting ‘a/an’ in front or
plural ‘s’ after a countable noun, and putting nothing in front of the uncountable noun.
Procedure: • Choosing 5 words and 5 pictures• Calling out and pointing to the words/the
pictures• Pointing both words and pictures
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
2. Most techniques can be used for vocabulary practice.
3. The teacher should use grammar and vocabulary that the students already know to introduce and practice new words. The teacher should also avoid introducing new grammar at the same time as new vocabulary.
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
4. Many of the vocabulary techniques can be done in pairs and groups.
5. New words should be quickly ‘transferred’ to a wide range of topics.
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
6. Vocabulary learning is the key to communicative language learning.
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
Reasons: Vocabulary has many good teaching and learning techniques. Words have meanings, so vocabulary learning is challenging
and motivating. Successful grammar learning depends on good vocabulary. Students can learn vocabulary without grammar but not vice-
versa. Good vocabulary knowledge helps students guess from
context.
Text 1:… … I was … … when I … a … … A … had … into a … … … was … But there was a … … of … … around because the … … and the … were … a ...
When did it happen?Where were you going?What did you see?How many vehicles were there?Was anybody hurt?What were the two men doing?Who was watching?
Text 2:Last night … … come home … … saw … road accident. … cyclo … crash … … motorbike. Luckily nobody … hurt. … … … … big crowd … people standing … … … cyclo driver … … motorcyclist … have … fight.
When did it happen?Where were you going?What did you see?How many vehicles were there?Was anybody hurt?What were the two men doing?Who was watching?
7. Meaningful repetition is essential for successful vocabulary learning.
a) Students should be given lots of varied out-of-context techniques.
b) Making sure students meet the word often and use it for writing and speaking.
c) The teacher should use the new target words more often in English class.
d) Encouraging students to build up their own vocabulary.
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
8. Students learn vocabulary quickly if they learn through both “in-context” and “out-of-contexts” techniques.
9. Teachers and students should use the vocabulary syllabus systematically.
a) Students should receive a copy of the vocab. syllabus
b) Students practice all the words in the syllabusc) The syllabus can be used to check the course
book
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
10. Well selection of vocabulary:
a) Vocabulary syllabus and selectionb) Common, Rare and Special words
Common (high-frequency) words Rare (low-frequency) words Special (technical) words
Key principles of teaching and learning vocabulary (con’t)
Technique for Vocabulary learning
Introduction
Many of these techniques are practiced in “Out-context”
Ts and Ss should prepare words to use in the techniques.
The 20 Techniques
1. Guessing new words from context
2. Next Letter
3. Back Writing
4. Networks
5. Word Storm
6. Word Square
7. Word Hunting
8. Word Train
9. Find the Word Order
10. Jumbled Word
11. Guess the word12. Finding Word Friends13. Bingo!14. Relay Recall15. Rub Out and Remember16. Find the Word’s Partner17. True or False18. Categories19. Same or Different?20. Word Building
General points Ss must be encouraged and given to guess the
meaning of new words. T doesn’t help Ss with new words. Ss try to guess the important words for
understanding and general meaning. Gradually increase the amount of guessing T
want Ss to do.
T1.Guessing New Words from Context
Procedure:Decision Looking repeated word laterFinding the part of speech Trying guess the unknown words Checking Using dictionaryExample: “A comprehensive taxonomy of common techniques for language teaching, adapted from Crookes and Chaudron (1991), is found in……………, from this taxonomy, of a range of………..”
T1.Guessing New Words from Context
Procedure:a) Ss work in groups of 4b) T gives a phrase containing a part of speechc) S1 says phrase using the next letterd) S2 continuese) And so on… until they can not think of any more or
they reach the time limit.Example: In this picture there is two boys, one crocodile,
and three dears……
T2. Next Letter
Procedure:a. Ss work in pair.
b. S.a thinks of a word and writes the first letter on S.b’s back by using his finger.
c. The S.b tries to guess the word. d. S.b guess the word until can do. e. Return
T3. Back Writing
House
Lounge
Fantastic
comfortablelisten
watch
Bedroom
Kitchen
Bathroom
T4. NetworksPrepare a network like this one
Procedure:a. Ss work in pair.b. T gives the Ss a topic.c. S’A thinks of a word and tells S’B.d. Both Ss write down the word.
e. S’B thinks of another word, tells A and they both write it down.
f. Continue until Ss have a list of suitable length.
T5. Word Storm
S S F N MI R G E
P P P Y E N L R Y
A L L V G S E E D
J O B A A E G E L
B U Y J N C MN Z
C S B Q C R I C E
T6. Word Square
Procedure: a. T puts the definitions within a line or
paragraph number on the board in numbered list, but different order from the order the words appear in the passage.
b. Ss write down the list of numbers, but not the definition.
c. Ss search the words in the passage. d. Ss write down the words next the passage.
T7. Word Hunting/Search
Procedure:a. T writes a word on the board. E.g. Trainb. S writes word beginning with the final letter in full word. E.g. trainetc. The other do the same. E.g. traineteamazed. After several words are added Ss write down hidden words in the word-train. E.g. form traineteamaze
train, in, net, tea, amaze.
T8. Word Train
Procedure:a. T writes down the different order words from the order they are in passage, and Ss copy the list.b. After Ss read or listent, they put number next to each word to make the words in order.
T9. Find the Word Order
Procedure:a. T writes the words in jumbled letters in column A and meanings of words in B.b. Ss read the passage and arrange the jumbled words in right words.
Column A Column BExample: EURONJY Long period of
travel
T10. Jumbled Word
- Practice in associating words.- Example:
Clues:-a study of teaching-procedure-lesson plan-techniques
Clues: -it is white-it is good for health-we put it in coffee-comes from cows
Target word: Methodology
Target word:Milk
T11. Guess the Word
- Practice for collocation words- Example:
- Useful for practicing word stems and affixes.
homework
mistake coffee friend
do makedrink
T12. Find Word Friends
Clue1) opposite word
2) synonym
3) definition
4) rhyme
5) translation
6) characteristic
7) jumbled word
8) another grammatical form
9) real thing
10) action
Target word1) expensive
2) small
3) envelope
4) cat
5) cute
6) bear
7) pig
8) went
9) a computer
10) to write
T13. Bingo!
Purpose: for memorizing and noting
Lists of the words
stick on the wall
memorize and note
T14. Relay Recall
T15. Rub Out and Remember
The possible word types of pair:
opposite word (hot-cold)
synonym (large- big)
minimal pair (hit-heat)
rhyming word (cat-pet)
confused word (could-cloud)
T16. Find The Word’s Partner
- Practice for definition
Example: Rough tune: refers to the way of using simple language and structure Dictation: refers to student speaking with each other.
T17. True or False
- Dividing words in to classes or categories.- Example: love, boyfriend, ghost, girlfriend,
haunted house…etc.
sometimes, categories are not given.
Romantic movieLove
BoyfriendGirlfriend
Scary movieGhost
Haunted houseBlooded clothes
T18. Categories
comparing the meaning of the words or phrase.
A.1. Cold2. Crocodile3. Tuesday 4. Like a clock5. Hear
B.1. not hot2. it eats grass3. the day after
Sunday4. watch5. part of the body
T19. Same or Different?
- Practicing prefixes, stems, and suffixes.
Example:
Prefixes Stems Suffixes
Dis- ashamed -ly
Un- agree -ness
Im- consider -able
In- definite -tion
*Note : they may change the spelling.
T20. Word Building
References: Sesnan, Barry. (2000). How to teach English.
Oxford University Press: NY. Wikitionary. (2010). Retrieved October 19, 2010
from http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fandabidozi#Etymology
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