Chapter 26 An Age of Democracy and Progress 1815-1914 Starting on Page 747.

Chapter 26An Age of Democracy and

Progress 1815-1914Starting on Page 747

Section 1:Reform in the British Empire

Review of the British Government

Constitutional Monarchy

King or Queen, head of state (official leader)

Parliament had the real power

Voting rights

Men: only those who owned a substantial amount of land could vote

Women: no vote

In total, barely 5% of the people could vote for parliament.

Section 1:Reform in the British Empire

Queen Victoria

Born in 1819 Becomes Queen in 1837, at the

age of 18 Married Prince Albert of Germany

in 1840, they had nine children. The Royal couple presented a

picture of loving family life that became the British ideal.

Queen Victoria was very popular, and reigned until 1901, and her rule is known as “The Victorian Era.”

Section 1:Reform in the British Empire

Reform Bill of 1832 Lessened property requirements, allowing

the upper middle class to vote. Increased population that voted to 7%

Chartist Movement The People’s Charter of 1838. Wanted new

reforms Voting for all men

Annual parliamentary elections

Secret Ballot

No property requirements for Members of Parliament

Salaries for Members of Parliament

Parliament rejects request, BUT… In 1867 and 1884, laws are passed that

expands the vote to a majority of men

Section 1:Reform in the British Empire

Women’s Rights Movement

Early protests were peaceful

Resistance argued that women lacked the ability to take part in politics

Emmeline Pankhurst: Women’s Social & Political Union Goal was to draw attention to women’s suffrage

Pankhurst and her daughters protested, and would be arrested several times.

The Right to Vote would be given after World War I in both Britain and America

Section 1:Democracy in France

The Third Republic

Unstable, between 1871-1914, there was a change in power nearly every year

New constitution approved in 1875 The Dreyfus Affair

Groups in France wanted either a monarchy or military rule Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a rare Jewish officer in the military, was

accused of selling secrets to Germany, sentenced to life in prison based on false evidence

Became an issue between justice and honor for the army Highlight the issue of anti-Semitism, or prejudice against Jews

Zionism

Movement to create a separate Jewish homeland in Palestine (modern day Israel)

Section 2:Self-Rule for Canada

Upper and Lower Canada

Upper Canada (modern Ontario): English speaking majority

Lower Canada (modern Quebec): French speaking majority

The Durham Report, 1839

Reunite Upper and Lower Canada

Give home rule for domestic matters

Section 2:Self-Rule for Canada

By the mid 1800s, many Canadians felt that they needed a central government to better unify the country against the United States

In 1867, Nova Soctia and New Brunswick were joined with the Province of Canada to create the new Dominion of Canada.

The Dominion would have self-rule in all domestic matters, with its own Parliament and Prime Minister

By 1871, the Dominion stretched from Atlantic to Pacific

Section 2:Self-Rule for Australia and New

Zealand Australia

Native Population: Aborigines Oldest ongoing culture in the world

Britain Claimed part of Australia in 1770 British used Australia as a Penal Colony (Prison Colony)

starting in 1788 Free Settlers join Australia in the 1800s, especially after

a gold rush in 1851 New Zealand

Natives: Maori Polynesian people

Claimed by Britain in 1769 First settlers were Christian missionaries

Section 2:Self-Rule for Australia and New

Zealand Colonies in New Zealand and Australia became

self-governing in 1850s

Australian colonies unified as the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901

New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907

Section 2:The Irish Struggle for Home

Rule The English began taking over Ireland in the 1100s

During the 1500s and 1600s, English government limited the rights of Catholics.

Ireland formally joined to Britain in 1801

Catholic emancipation in 1829

Great Famine

Between 1845-1848, Ireland’s potato crop ruined by plant fungus. 1 million people died during those years

Another 1.5 million emigrated to the United States, Canada, and Australia

Section 2:The Irish Struggle for Home

Rule British Resistance to Irish Home Rule

Feared that Irish Protestants would be mistreated as a minority in a Catholic majority country

Most protestants lived in the north, in Ulster. Home Rule bill approved in 1914, but put on hold by

World War I

Easter Rising: 1916

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Home Rule granted in 1921

Ulster, also known as Northern Ireland, remained under British rule

Full independence declared in 1949

Section 3:America Expands West

Manifest Destiny: the idea that the United States had the right to rule North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Used to justify removing Native Americans from their tribal Lands

Trail of Tears, 1830s

American Expansion Westward:

1803: Louisiana Purchase

1819: Spain gives up Florida

1846: Treaty with Britain gives America part of the Oregon Territory

Section 3:America Expands West

Texas Revolution and War with Mexico

Texan settlers declare independence from Mexican rule in 1836

In a treaty, Texas is annexed as a state into the United States in 1845

Mexico still claims Texas, and declares war in 1846.

Mexico is defeated in 1848, and gives up much of it’s northern territory, including present day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico

1853 Gadsden Purchase (part of present day Southern Arizona and New Mexico) brought the continental United States to it’s modern day boundaries.

Section 3:The American Civil War

Differences between North and South

The North had a diverse economy, with both farms and a growing number of factories, and used free workers for labor

The South relied on a plantation economy, mainly relying on one type of crop (cotton), and used slaves for labor.

Slavery Issue

Most Southerners believed slavery was necessary for their economy

A growing number of Northerners believed slavery was morally wrong, and slavery was outlawed in the North.

Fought over the expansion of slavery to the western states.

Section 3:The American Civil War

War Breaks out between the States

Election of 1860: Abraham Lincoln Secession: Southern states voting to withdraw, or leave,

the Union. First state to secede is South Carolina in December of 1860

War Starts on April 12, 1861 Southern advantages: better military leadership, better

knowledge of the terrain (war primarily fought in the south) Northern advantages: larger population, better

transportation, greater resources, more factories South surrenders in 1865

Abolition of Slavery

Emancipation Proclamation – 1863 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments

Section 3:America after the Civil War

Immigration

During the 1870s, nearly 2,000 immigrants arrived each day

By 1914, 20 million people had immigrated to the U.S. since the Civil War

Allowed for increased industrialization, and westward settlement

Railroads

First transcontinental railroad completed in 1869

By 1900, there were 200,000 miles of track crossing the country

By 1914, America was a leading industrial power

Section 4:Inventions, Medicine and

Science New Inventions

New types of Energy: Electricity and Internal Combustion

Thomas Edison: 1,000 inventions, including light bulb, the phonograph, “moving pictures.”

Alexander Graham Bell: Telephone

Guglielmo Marconi: Radio

Henry Ford: Model-T and the assembly line

The Wright Brothers: First Flight of an Airplane

Section 4:Inventions, Medicine and

Science New Discoveries in Medicine

The Germ Theory of Disease Louis Pasteur: discovers bacteria, creates method

called “pasteurization” (heating things up to kill bacteria)

Joseph Lister: 1865, clean surgery room and use of antiseptics (germ killing liquids)

Public cleanliness & health

Section 4:Inventions, Medicine and

Science New Discoveries in Science

Charles Darwin: Theory of Evolution On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection

Gregor Mendel: Genetics Inherited traits in plants

John Dalton: Atom Theory Dmitri Mendeleev: Periodic Table Marie & Pierre Curie

Radioactivity

Psychology

Ivan Pavlov: human actions could be changed by training Sigmund Freud: suppressed memories, desires and

impulses shape behavior

Section 4:The Rise of Mass Culture

What creates Mass Culture?

Better public education Improvement in communications Invention of phonograph and records Shorter workday (10 hours) and shorter workweek (5 ½ days)

Music Halls and Vaudeville Shows

Movies

Sports

US: Football and Baseball Europe: Soccer British Empire: Cricket Olympics, 1896