Chapter 24 Australia and New Zealand. Section 24.1 Australia (pages 638–641)

Chapter 24Chapter 24Australia and New ZealandAustralia and New Zealand

Section 24.1Section 24.1Australia (pages 638–641)Australia (pages 638–641)

Did you know?Did you know?

When people moved to When people moved to Australia from the United Australia from the United Kingdom, they took many Kingdom, they took many British customs with British customs with them. For example, them. For example, Australians drive on the Australians drive on the left side of the road, as do left side of the road, as do British drivers. Tea is the British drivers. Tea is the favorite hot drink in favorite hot drink in Australia, as it is in the Australia, as it is in the United Kingdom.United Kingdom.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

A. Sometimes called the A. Sometimes called the Land Down Under; Land Down Under; Australia is a country Australia is a country and a continent. and a continent.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

B. The Great Barrier Reef B. The Great Barrier Reef lies off Australia’s lies off Australia’s northeastern coast. Coral northeastern coast. Coral formations have piled up formations have piled up for millions of years to for millions of years to create a colorful chain create a colorful chain that stretches 1,250 that stretches 1,250 miles. A coral reef is a miles. A coral reef is a structure formed by the structure formed by the skeletons of small sea skeletons of small sea animals.animals.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

C. Narrow plains run C. Narrow plains run along the south and along the south and southeast. These southeast. These fertile flatlands hold fertile flatlands hold Australia’s best Australia’s best farmland and most of farmland and most of the country’s people.the country’s people.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

D. The people of D. The people of Australia use the Australia use the name outback to refer name outback to refer to the inland regions to the inland regions of their country.of their country.

Ayers Rock Uluru, Australian Ayers Rock Uluru, Australian Outback Outback

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

E. Mining camps and E. Mining camps and cattle and sheep cattle and sheep ranches, called ranches, called stations, dot the stations, dot the outback region.outback region.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

F. Water is scarce. F. Water is scarce. Ranchers drill for Ranchers drill for underground water in underground water in the Great Artesian the Great Artesian Basin.Basin.

I. Australia’s Land and Climate I. Australia’s Land and Climate (pages 638–639)(pages 638–639)

G. Two famous G. Two famous Australian animals Australian animals are kangaroos and are kangaroos and koalas. Both are koalas. Both are marsupials, or marsupials, or mammals that carry mammals that carry their young in a their young in a pouch.pouch.

II. Australia’s Economy (pages II. Australia’s Economy (pages 639–640)639–640)

A. Australia has a A. Australia has a strong and wealthy strong and wealthy economy. It is a economy. It is a treasure chest treasure chest overflowing with overflowing with mineral resources. mineral resources. These riches include These riches include iron ore, zinc, bauxite, iron ore, zinc, bauxite, gold, silver, opals, gold, silver, opals, diamonds, and pearls.diamonds, and pearls.

Nickel Mine

II. Australia’s Economy (pages II. Australia’s Economy (pages 639–640)639–640)

B. Australia’s main B. Australia’s main agricultural activity is agricultural activity is raising livestock, raising livestock, especially cattle and especially cattle and sheep. It is the sheep. It is the world’s top producer world’s top producer of wool.of wool.

III. Australia’s History and People III. Australia’s History and People (pages 640–641)(pages 640–641)

A. Australia has long A. Australia has long needed skilled needed skilled workers. More than 5 workers. More than 5 million immigrants, or million immigrants, or people who move people who move from one country to from one country to live in another, have live in another, have arrived in recent arrived in recent decades.decades.

III. Australia’s History and People III. Australia’s History and People (pages 640–641)(pages 640–641)

B. A small part of Australia’s B. A small part of Australia’s population are Aborigines. population are Aborigines. They are the descendants of They are the descendants of the first immigrants who came the first immigrants who came from Asia about 30,000 to from Asia about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago. One of their 40,000 years ago. One of their weapons for hunting is the weapons for hunting is the boomerang. This wooden tool boomerang. This wooden tool is shaped like a bent bird’s is shaped like a bent bird’s wing. The hunter throws it to wing. The hunter throws it to stun his prey. If the boomerang stun his prey. If the boomerang misses, it curves and sails misses, it curves and sails back to the hunter.back to the hunter.

III. Australia’s History and People III. Australia’s History and People (pages 640–641)(pages 640–641)

C. The British claimed C. The British claimed Australia in 1770, and Australia in 1770, and at first used it as a at first used it as a colony for prisoners. colony for prisoners. In 1901 the In 1901 the independent independent Commonwealth of Commonwealth of Australia was formed.Australia was formed.

Caged prisoners below deck on a transport ship bound for Australia

III. Australia’s History and People III. Australia’s History and People (pages 640–641)(pages 640–641)

D. Australia has a British-D. Australia has a British-style parliamentary style parliamentary democracy. Like the democracy. Like the United States, Australia United States, Australia has a federal system of has a federal system of government. This means government. This means that political power is that political power is divided between a divided between a national government and national government and state governments.state governments.

Parliament House in Canberra, Australia

III. Australia’s History and People III. Australia’s History and People (pages 640–641)(pages 640–641)

E. About 15 percent of E. About 15 percent of Australians live in Australians live in rural areas known as rural areas known as the bush. Many rural the bush. Many rural people also live and people also live and work on the stations work on the stations that dot the outback.that dot the outback.

Section 24-2Section 24-2New Zealand (pages 643–646)New Zealand (pages 643–646)

Did you know?Did you know?

New Zealand offers New Zealand offers students free elementary students free elementary and secondary education and secondary education up to age 19. The law up to age 19. The law requires children from 6 requires children from 6 through 15 years of age through 15 years of age to attend school, but most to attend school, but most youngsters enter school youngsters enter school at 5. Many children under at 5. Many children under 5 attend free 5 attend free kindergartens or play kindergartens or play centers.centers.

Hunua Elementary School, Papakura, New Zealand 

I. New Zealand’s Land (pages I. New Zealand’s Land (pages 643–644)643–644)

A. In contrast to A. In contrast to Australia’s flat, dry Australia’s flat, dry land, New Zealand is land, New Zealand is mountainous and very mountainous and very green. Its climate is green. Its climate is mild and wet.mild and wet.

I. New Zealand’s Land (pages I. New Zealand’s Land (pages 643–644)643–644)

B. New Zealand B. New Zealand consists of two main consists of two main islands—North Island islands—North Island and South Island— and South Island— and many smaller and many smaller islands.islands.

I. New Zealand’s Land (pages I. New Zealand’s Land (pages 643–644)643–644)

C. On North Island you C. On North Island you find geysers, or hot find geysers, or hot springs that spout hot springs that spout hot steam and water steam and water through a crack in the through a crack in the earth.earth.

Waiotapu Geyser

I. New Zealand’s Land (pages I. New Zealand’s Land (pages 643–644)643–644)

D. Small shrubs called D. Small shrubs called manuka grow well in manuka grow well in the North Island the North Island plateau’s fertile plateau’s fertile volcanic soil. Fertile volcanic soil. Fertile lowlands, forested lowlands, forested hills, and sandy hills, and sandy beaches surround the beaches surround the island’s central island’s central plateau.plateau.

manukamanuka

I. New Zealand’s Land (pages I. New Zealand’s Land (pages 643–644)643–644)

E. The Southern Alps run E. The Southern Alps run along South Island’s along South Island’s western coast. Glaciers western coast. Glaciers lie on mountain slopes lie on mountain slopes above green forests and above green forests and sparkling blue lakes. sparkling blue lakes. These glaciers once cut These glaciers once cut deep fjords, or steep-deep fjords, or steep-sided valleys, into the sided valleys, into the mountains.mountains.

Mount Sefton, Southern Alps, New Mount Sefton, Southern Alps, New Zealand Zealand

Golf at the Edge of New Zealand’s Golf at the Edge of New Zealand’s Southern Alps Southern Alps

II. New Zealand’s Economy (page II. New Zealand’s Economy (page 645)645)

A. New Zealand has a A. New Zealand has a thriving agricultural thriving agricultural economy. Wool and economy. Wool and lamb meat are lamb meat are important exports.important exports.

II. New Zealand’s Economy (page II. New Zealand’s Economy (page 645)645)

B. New Zealand’s B. New Zealand’s dependence on trade dependence on trade brings both benefits and brings both benefits and dangers. If the economies dangers. If the economies of other countries are of other countries are growing quickly, demand growing quickly, demand for goods from New for goods from New Zealand will rise. If the Zealand will rise. If the other economies slow, other economies slow, however, they will buy however, they will buy fewer products. This can fewer products. This can cause hardship on the cause hardship on the islands.islands.

II. New Zealand’s Economy (page II. New Zealand’s Economy (page 645)645)

C. New Zealand sits on C. New Zealand sits on top of the molten rock top of the molten rock that forms volcanoes. that forms volcanoes. As a result, it is rich in As a result, it is rich in geothermal energy, geothermal energy, electricity produced electricity produced from steam. from steam.

II. New Zealand’s Economy (page II. New Zealand’s Economy (page 645)645)

D. The major source of D. The major source of energy, however, is energy, however, is hydroelectric power—hydroelectric power—electricity generated electricity generated by flowing water.by flowing water.

III. New Zealand’s History and III. New Zealand’s History and People (pages 645–646)People (pages 645–646)

A. People called the Maori A. People called the Maori are believed to have are believed to have arrived in New Zealand arrived in New Zealand between A.D. 950 and between A.D. 950 and 1150. They probably 1150. They probably came from islands far to came from islands far to the northeast. In the the northeast. In the 1800s, British settlers 1800s, British settlers arrived. In the 1860s, a arrived. In the 1860s, a war broke out between war broke out between the British and Maori, the British and Maori, which the Maori lost.which the Maori lost.

The HakaThe Haka

The Haka is the The Haka is the traditional dance form traditional dance form of the Māori of New of the Māori of New Zealand. It is a Zealand. It is a performed by a group, performed by a group, with vigorous with vigorous movements and movements and stamping of the feet stamping of the feet with rhythmically with rhythmically shouted shouted accompaniment. accompaniment.

The Haka in New Zealand The Haka in New Zealand Before a Rugby MatchBefore a Rugby Match

The Haka in New Zealand The Haka in New Zealand Before a Rugby MatchBefore a Rugby Match

The Haka in our own backyard….The Haka in our own backyard….Euless Trinity Trojan Football TeamEuless Trinity Trojan Football Team

CBS Evening NewsCBS Evening NewsNovember 13, 2007November 13, 2007

III. New Zealand’s History and III. New Zealand’s History and People (pages 645–646)People (pages 645–646)

B. In 1893 the colony B. In 1893 the colony became the first land became the first land to give women the to give women the right to vote. New right to vote. New Zealand was also Zealand was also among the first places among the first places in which the in which the government gave government gave help to people who help to people who were old, sick, or out were old, sick, or out of work.of work.

III. New Zealand’s History and III. New Zealand’s History and People (pages 645–646)People (pages 645–646)

C. New Zealand C. New Zealand became independent became independent in 1907. Wellington is in 1907. Wellington is the country’s capital.the country’s capital.