Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE and RESEARCH M 2.pdf · PDF file24 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE and RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Review of Literature Academic literature on the tourism

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

and

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Contents

2.1 Review of Literature

2.2 Research Gaps

2.3 Research Methodology

2.3.1 Rationale of the Study

2.3.2 Objectives of the Study

2.3.3 Hypothesis Formulation

2.3.4 Data Collection

2.3.4.1Primary Data

2.3.4.2 Secondary Data

2.3.5 Questionnaire Design

2.3.6 Sample Design

2.3.7 Tools of Data Analysis

2.3.8 Limitations of the Study

2.4 Usefulness of the Present Study to the Society

2.5 Vistas for Further Research

2.6 References

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

and

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Review of Literature

Academic literature on the tourism industry in India has spanned across several

disciplines from the regional as well as the national perspective. As the largest country in

terms of size and population in the South Asian region, India has a large influence on the

regional tourism industry. Most of the literature reviewed examines India only on the

domestic front and not in comparison with any other international destination. Singapore

tourism industry on the other hand has been partially compared with Indonesian tourism

industry. The literature related to competitiveness covers the various models of assessing the

competitiveness of a nation and also lists out various factors and attributes determining it.

The gist of some of the research papers reviewed for the purpose of my research is as

follows:

Destination Competitiveness and the Role of the Tourism Enterprise

Geoffrey I. Crouch, J.R. Brent Ritchie (1995)

This study finds that tourism enterprises, particularly entrepreneurship, new venture

developments and small businesses contribute to destination development and

competitiveness in a number of ways like they help in having a co-operative competitive

environment, increase specialization in tourism sector by allowing each firm to concentrate

on its core competencies, provide an ideal mechanism for the identification and development

of new ideas, help to disperse the economic benefits of tourism development etc. Despite

these numerous contributions several problems and challenges are also evident. The

existence of so many small businesses in tourism means that many owner-managers lack the

skills, expertise or resources to function efficiently and effectively. Externalities, particularly

environmental, social and cultural are also often significant in tourism but neither small

tourism enterprises recognize nor care about the wider and long term consequences of some

of their actions.

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The Customers Perception of Tourism Accreditation

David Foster (1998)

This study attempts to find the level of awareness amongst consumers of the tourism

accreditation system in Australia. The results disclose that a lot of work needs to be done to

make the consumers well aware of the existence of the tourism accreditation system. It has

been demonstrated that even when tourists are aware of accreditation there is confusion

about what it actually means. However, although the level of awareness & understanding is

low, respondents have indicated that the issues addressed by the accreditation system are of

significance to them and may indirectly influence their purchasing decisions

Tourist Satisfaction in Singapore- A Perspective From Indonesian Tourists

Theresia A. Pawitra and Kay C. Tan (2001)

This research paper identifies the image of new Asia Singapore from the Indonesian

tourists perspective and evaluates their satisfaction level. It highlights the various strong

and weak attributes of Singapore as seen by Indonesian tourists. It was found that from the

Indonesian tourists point of view, Singapore Tourism Board was successful in promoting

and maintaining the performance of the local tourism industry. Singapore outclassed its

competitors by exceeding Indonesian tourists predictions. Despite Singapores outstanding

performance, Indonesian tourists were disappointed with the attributes of unavailability of

wide range of products and no unique tourist places of interest. It demands attention of

Singapore Tourism Board as both these attributes belong to the attractive category

Reorienting HRD Strategies for Tourists Satisfaction

R.P.Das, Nageshwar Rao (2002)

This paper highlights how the Indian tourism industry can reorient its HRD strategies

in order to satisfy and delight its customers to survive in the global competition. The HRD

departments in the tourism industry have to make all efforts to create a strong industry image

which indirectly reassures the tourists about the quality service. With a better qualified

younger workforce occupying the positions in the future and with the tremendous

opportunities opening for them elsewhere, the key task before the policy makers in

organizations is to keep the tourists contact employees satisfied. The tourist contact

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employees, as the internal customers, their satisfaction will be very important to facilitate the

tourism industry to achieve its goal through tourists satisfaction.

Towards a Model to Enhance Africas Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness

Ernie Heath (2002)

This research work finds that from an African perspective appropriate tourism

development could become the engine of growth that can improve the quality of life of

millions. The continent has the tourism resources and the market potential certainly exists.

Possibly the biggest constraints facing Africa in terms of achieving its true tourism potential

lies with the people of the continent. Africans need to really appreciate the true tourism

potential, develop a shared tourism vision, coordinate the efforts and strategically manage

the key elements that constitute destination competitiveness. A new era is drawing for

tourism in Africa. An era which will not only be dominated by impact of technology and

intensification of competition in tourism arena , but also by the realization among tourism

stakeholders that there are major benefits in the co-operation and co-ordination of efforts

A Conceptual Model of Tourism Destination Competitiveness and Attractiveness

Sebastian Vengesayi, Monash University (2003)

This study has proposed a conceptual model of tourism destination competitiveness

and attractiveness. In the earlier researches, researchers have investigated destination

attractiveness and destination competitiveness as separate and unrelated concepts. But this

paper proposes that the popularity of tourism destinations can be enhanced by a combination

of the factors of competitiveness and attractiveness. The purpose of combining these

perspectives is to come up with a holistic understanding of the destination popularity

dynamics.

Tourism Flows Between India and Singapore

Faizal Yahya (2003)

This paper examines the growing importance of India as a source of inbound tourists

for countries in South East Asia and in particular, Singapore. The data collected reveals that

India is one of the top 12 source countries of tourists for Singapore. The more important fact

is that the average daily spending of Indian tourists in Singapore is the highest which gives

an incentive to the Singapore Tourism Board to attract more Indian tourists to visit

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Singapore. The data shows that the number of Indian tourists visiting Singapore is increasing

every year at a fast pace. Singapores position in the tourism sector has improved a lot but

now it wants to be a tourism hub. As the space constraint is there in Singapore so now it is

exploring more investment opportunities in the tourism sector overseas. The lack of cultural

and heritage sites in Singapore is also a hurdle in the path of its becoming a tourism hub.

Thus, the Singapore Tourism Board is collaborating with Indian tourism industry to have

win-win situation for both the countries. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been

signed between India and Singapore which will promote the bilateral flow of cultural

contacts.

Competitiveness of Slovenia as a Tourist Destination

Doris Gornezelj Omerzel (2004)

This study reveals that there are only a few attributes for which Slovenia was rated

well above average. Destination management factors were evaluated the worst. This

indicates that there is no clear strategy for further development. The development of the

Slovenian tourism sector in recent years has been based on the construction of physical

infrastructure. The elements like quality of services, educational programmers and

development of human resources, stimulation of creativity and innovation & formation of

new interesting tourism products were neglected. The main problem seemed to be the danger

that because of the ineffectiveness in the phase of developments and marketing of tourism

products, the destination is losing the potential premium for the comparative advantages. All

kinds of management activities and actions can be considered as destination competitive

strategies that can allow Slovenia as a tourist destination to enhance