Top Banner
Inside the Earth – Third Rock from the Sun The Earth is not a solid rock, but instead consists of layers Inner Core – solid iron and nickel Outer Core – liquid iron and nickel (contains the basis for our magnetic field – that protects us from most forms of solar radiation) Mantle – semisoft melted rock Crust – thin cooled
16
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Chapter 2

Inside the Earth – Third Rock from the Sun

• The Earth is not a solid rock, but instead consists of layers

• Inner Core – solid iron and nickel• Outer Core – liquid iron and

nickel (contains the basis for our magnetic field – that protects us from most forms of solar radiation)

• Mantle – semisoft melted rock• Crust – thin cooled skin that

“floats” on the mantle – contains cracks and moves

• Movement of the crust causes earthquakes and volcanoes

Page 2: Chapter 2

Plate Tectonics• The Earth’s crust is

broken into plates• The plates move along

the flowing mantle in different directions

• Pressure between the plates builds up until it is released by an earthquake

• Ring of Fire – hundreds of volcanoes around the Pacific Rim where the Pacific plate interacts with other plates

Page 3: Chapter 2

Air and Water – Necessary for Life on Earth• Air– Contained with the Earth’s atmosphere – a layer of gasses that

surround the planet– Actually composed of many different types of gasses

• Nitrogen – about 78% (essential for development of proteins)• Oxygen – about 21% (essential for respiration)• Others – about 1% combined

• Water– 97% of the water on Earth is found in the Ocean – it’s salty– Only 3% of the water on Earth is fresh

• Mostly found in the polar caps and glaciers (huge ice sheets found on mountains, Antarctica and Greenland)

• Great deal is underground – sometimes miles deep• Very little (0.3%) is at the surface (mostly lakes) and therefore useable by

living organisms – very important to conserve and keep clean what we have

Page 4: Chapter 2

Water Cycle

Page 6: Chapter 2

Wind and Water help keep the earth from overheating

• Wind– Hot air rises – so air in the tropics

rises and is carried towards the polar regions

– Cold air in the polar regions sinks to the surface and flows towards the tropics

– Cold air – can not hold much water vapor

– Warm air – can hold more water vapor

– Wind happens when the air flows from the areas where it’s sinking to areas where it’s rising

– The Earth’s rotation helps drive wind direction

• Water– Warm water is lighter

than cold, dense water– Water in tropical regions

flows slowly towards the polar regions

– Cold water in the polar regions sinks to the bottom of the ocean and flows south towards the tropical regions, where the cycle begins all over

Page 7: Chapter 2

Chapter 2.2Natural Resources

• Natural resources are anything from the Earth that people use in meeting their needs for– Food – Clothing – Shelter

• Examples;

Page 8: Chapter 2

Chapter 2.2Types of Natural Resources (raw material)

• Recyclable Resources – Recycle naturally through the earth itself– Water, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen– Can refer to items that can be reused without replacing the resource

• Aluminum • Plastic• Paper

• Renewable Resources– Resources that can be replaced by man– Wood – trees can be replanted– Biodiesel and ethanol – crops can be replanted

• Nonrenewable Resources– Can not be replaced– Important to conserve and use wisely -- they’re no longer being created– Oil, natural gas, coal, minerals

Page 9: Chapter 2

Energy Resources• Energy is needed

for every living thing

• Fossil Fuels – Include coal,

natural gases, petroleum (oil byproduct)

• Problem? Not everyone has oil I their back yard– Saudi Arabia and

Mexico have large amounts of oil but other countries like the US and China have more natural gas and coal

Page 10: Chapter 2
Page 11: Chapter 2
Page 12: Chapter 2

New Supplies Needed!!• 1979 OPEC raised the price of oil– What was the outcome?• Gas prices went up • Countries with limited sources of oil had to buy at

an increased price raising their asking price for products– A global problem?

• EVERYONE NEEDS OIL– THE SEARCH IS ON!!

Page 13: Chapter 2
Page 14: Chapter 2

Chapter 2.3Climate vs. Weather

• Climate– Long term average weather in

any one place or region– “the climate in Jamaica is

tropical”– Largely affected by wind

patterns, water currents and major landforms

– Changes take place over years or even millennia

• Weather– Day to day changes in the air

in terms of precipitation and / or temperature

– “It’s 90 degrees today”– Affected by the movement

of storms around the planet– Changes rapidly over a few

days

Page 15: Chapter 2

Broad Types of Climate on Earth• Tropical

– Low latitudes around the Equator– Generally hot, wet and sunny– Rain forests dominate

• Dry– Different places around the Earth – generally on the opposite side of mountain ranges from wind

flow– Little to rain with sandy soil– Sparse to no vegetation

• Moderate– Found in the middle latitudes (like Connecticut)– Temperatures and rainfall are generally moderate enough every year to promote agricultural

production• Continental

– Hot summers and bitterly cold winters– Generally drier than moderate climates– Large grasslands in some areas and forests in others

• Polar– Found in high latitudes– Cold all year round– Vegetation includes low shrubs, mosses– Very little life found in these regions

Page 16: Chapter 2

Map showing relative positions of the Gulf Stream and Labrador Current